diff --git a/exercises/Dependability/reliability-availability-solutions.pdf b/exercises/Dependability/reliability-availability-solutions.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5e30f17 Binary files /dev/null and b/exercises/Dependability/reliability-availability-solutions.pdf differ diff --git a/exercises/Dependability/reliability-availability-solutions.tex b/exercises/Dependability/reliability-availability-solutions.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..36be0e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/exercises/Dependability/reliability-availability-solutions.tex @@ -0,0 +1,409 @@ +\documentclass{article} + +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{geometry} +\usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref} +%% \usepackage{enumitem} + +\newcommand{\Q}{\textbf{Q:}} +\newcommand{\A}{\textbf{A:}} + +\title{\vspace{-.5cm}Industrial Automation\\ \vspace{1cm}Reliability and Availability Exercises\\ \vspace{1cm}Solutions} +%% \author{Matej Pavlovic} +\date{} + +\begin{document} + +\maketitle + +In our running example, we consider a chain of Christmas lights consisting of many light bulbs. + +\begin{enumerate} + +\item Let us first consider a single light bulb. +\begin{enumerate} +\item + \Q\ Under what conditions can we assume that a single light bulb's + failure rate is constant? + + \A\ We can assume that a light bulb's failure rate is constant if + the life bulb is in the middle phase (also called ``useful life'') + of its life cycle. +\item + \Q\ From now on, let us assume that the failure rate of a single + light bulb is indeed constant. Moreover, assume that a light bulb is + expected to burn out after 1000 hours. What is its failure rate? + + \A\ The time after which the light bulb is expected to burn out is + nothing else than it's mean time to failure (MTTF). Note that we + also know that under the assumption of a constant failure rate + $\lambda$, MTTF $= 1/\lambda$. Thus, $\lambda = 1/1000$ $h^{-1}$ +\item + \Q\ What is the reliability of a single light bulb? + + \A\ Unlike the mean time to failure, reliability is a function of + time. It expresses the probability of a system not having failed + until a given time. For a constant failure rate $\lambda$, the + reliability $R_B(t) = e^{-\lambda t} = e^{-t/1000}$. Note that the we + consider hours as the units of $t$, as we express $\lambda$ using + the unit $h^{-1}$. + +\end{enumerate} + +\item We consider a chain of Christmas lights consisting of 50 + serially connected light bulbs. This means that if any light bulb + burns out, the electric circuit is interrupted and all light bulbs + go off. +\begin{enumerate} +\item + \Q\ What is the reliability of the whole chain? + + \A\ As all components must work in order for the whole system to + work, the reliability of the system is the product of the + reliabilities of all its components. For our light chain, it is the + product of reliabilities of each light bulb. Let $R_i(t)$ be the + reliability of light bulb $i$, for $1 \leq i \leq 50$. As all + light bulbs to have the same reliability $R_i(t) = R_B(t)$, the + reliability of the whole (serially connected) chain is + \begin{equation} + R_S(t) = R_1(t)\cdot R_2(t)\cdots R_{50} = e^{-t/1000}\cdot e^{-t/1000} \cdots e^{-t/1000} = e^{-50t/1000} = e^{-t/20} + \end{equation} +\item + \Q\ How long can we expect the light chain to work? + + \A\ The reliability of the whole chain being $e^{-t/20}$, we see + that the (constant) failure rate $\lambda = 1/20$ $h^{-1}$. The time + we expect the chain to work is the MTTF $ = 1/\lambda = 20$ hours. + +\end{enumerate} + +\item We now assume that the light bulbs are connected in + parallel. Thus, if a light bulb burns out, the others may continue + operating. We consider a light chain to be working as long as not + more than 10 light bulbs are burned out. +\begin{enumerate} +\item + \Q\ What is the reliability of the whole chain? + + \A\ Let $R_B$ the reliability of a single light bulb. For simplicity + of notation, we omit the time argument ``(t)'', but remember that + the reliability is still a function of time! + + The probability that exactly $i$ out of 50 light bulbs fail is + \begin{equation} + {50 \choose i} \cdot (1-R_B)^i \cdot R_B^{50-i} + \end{equation} + The part $(1-R_B)^i$ signifies $i$ particular bulbs failing while + $(R_B)^{50-i}$ stands for the remaining bulbs not failing. The + binomial coefficient represents the number of ways we can choose $i$ + out of 50 light bulbs. + + If at most 10 light bulbs are allowed to fail, we need to calculate + the probability that exactly zero of them fail, or exactly one + fails, or exactly two fail ... or exactly 10 fail. Summing all of + these probabilities gives us the resulting system reliability of he + parallel version of the light chain: + +\begin{equation} +R_P(t) = \sum_{i=0}^{10}{50 \choose i} \cdot (1-R_B)^i \cdot R_B^{50-i} + = \sum_{i=0}^{10}{50 \choose i} \cdot (1-e^{-t/1000})^i \cdot (e^{-t/1000})^{50-i} +\end{equation} + +\item + \Q\ How long can we expect the light chain to work? (No need to + calculate the value, just give a mathematical expression describing + it.) + + \A\ Again, we were asking for the mean time to failure. In general, + the MTTF is calculated as the integral of the reliability function + over time from 0 until infinity. Thus, in our case, the MTTF is + + \begin{equation} + \int_0^{\infty} \sum_{i=0}^{10}{50 \choose i} \cdot (1-e^{-t/1000})^i \cdot (e^{-t/1000})^{50-i}dt + \end{equation} + + This evaluates to more than 245 hours (we did not ask you to + calculate this), which is a substantial improvement over the serial + version. + +\end{enumerate} + +\item We assume that during the Christmas period, the light chain is + used every evening for 4 hours during the whole month of + December. Answer the following questions for both the serial and the + parallel variant of the light chain. +\begin{enumerate} + +\item + \Q\ What is the probability that the light chain will remain + functional during the whole Christmas period? (Feel free to serve + yourself with mathematical tools like WolframAlpha to compute the + resulting numbers.) + + \A\ In our definition, the Christmas period lasts $31 * 4 = 124$ + hours. The probability that a system (in our case the light chain) + will remain functional for a certain time $t$ is expressed by its + reliability. We only need to substitute $t$ for $124$ hours. + + \begin{equation} + R_S(124) = e^{-124/20} \approx 0.2\% + \end{equation} + \begin{equation} + R_P(124) = \sum_{i=0}^{10}{50 \choose i} \cdot (1-e^{-0.124})^i \cdot (e^{-0.124})^{50-i} \approx 97.3\% + \end{equation} + + Note that the serially connected light chain has extremely slim + chance of surviving a Christmas period, while the vast majority of + light chain survive (by our definition of ``survive''). + +\item + \Q\ What is the probability that the light chain survives the + Christmas periods of two consecutive years? + + \A\ This means nothing else than doubling the number of hours the + light chain needs to remain functional, i.e. computing $R_S(248)$ + and $R_P(248)$. + + \begin{equation} + R_S(248) = e^{-248/20} \approx 0.0004\% + \end{equation} + \begin{equation} + R_P(248) = \sum_{i=0}^{10}{50 \choose i} \cdot (1-e^{-0.248})^i \cdot (e^{-0.248})^{50-i} \approx 44.72\% + \end{equation} + + The serially connected light chain's survival chances are almost + zero, while almost half of the parallel chains survives two + consecutive Christmas periods. + +\item + \Q\ If, after the first year's Christmas period, 5 light bulbs burn + out, what is the probability of the light chain surviving the next + Christmas period? (Only relevant for the parallel case.) + + \A\ This case is equivalent to considering a light chain consisting + of 45 lights out of which only 5 are allowed to burn out, and + evaluating its reliability (let us call it $R_P'$) for one Christmas + period (of 124 hours). + + \begin{equation} + R_P'(124) = \sum_{i=0}^{5}{45 \choose i} \cdot (1-e^{-0.124})^i \cdot (e^{-0.124})^{45-i} \approx 57\% + \end{equation} + +\item + \Q\ Assume that the package with the light chain contains 2 + replacement light bulbs. How do the answers to the 3 above questions + change? + + \A\ Technically speaking, if ``surviving'' a Christmas means to + continue functioning without any intervention, the answers do not + change! The reliability of a system is a well defined term and does + not take into account whether there are replacement parts available + or not. + + For replacement light bulbs to be useful, we need to make additional + assumptions on repairing a (partially) broken light chain. If we + assume that on the parallel version of the chain two light bulbs can + be replaced before the whole chain fails, then we can model it as a + system of 50 light bulbs out of which 12 (instead of 10) can fail. + + For the serial version, we even need to redefine what ``surviving'' + means. Otherwise, whenever a single light bulb fails, the chain is + considered as having failed, regardless of the presence of 2 + replacement light bulbs in the box. We can say, for example, that + the serial version of the light chain fails if a light bulb goes of + AND there is no more replacement light bulbs (the immediate use of + which we assume for the first two failures). In this case, the + probability of surviving a Christmas period is close to the case of + a parallel version of the chain, where only 2 light bulbs are + allowed to fail. It is however, not exactly the same probability + (can you give an intuition why?). + +\item + \Q\ What are the answers to the previous 4 questions if we use LED + light bulbs with an expected life time of 5000 hours? + + \A\ Here we use the very same formulas as above, but with different + parameters, namely with the parameter to the exponential function + being 5 times smaller (note that the MTTF of a single light bulb + appears in the denominator). At the root of this change is the + reliability of a single light bulb that changes from $e^{-t/1000}$ + to $e^{-t/5000}$. + + \begin{equation} + R_S(124) = e^{-124/100} \approx 28.94\% + \end{equation} + \begin{equation} + R_P(124) = \sum_{i=0}^{10}{50 \choose i} \cdot (1-e^{-0.124/5})^i \cdot (e^{-0.124/5})^{50-i} \approx 99.999997\% + \end{equation} + + \begin{equation} + R_S(248) = e^{-248/100} \approx 8.37\% + \end{equation} + \begin{equation} + R_P(248) = \sum_{i=0}^{10}{50 \choose i} \cdot (1-e^{-0.248/5})^i \cdot (e^{-0.248/5})^{50-i} \approx 99.998\% + \end{equation} + + \begin{equation} + R_P'(124) = \sum_{i=0}^{5}{45 \choose i} \cdot (1-e^{-0.124/5})^i \cdot (e^{-0.124/5})^{45-i} \approx 99.92\% + \end{equation} + + We see that using better components substantially helps improving + the reliability of the chain in both the serial and the parallel + case. While the serial version remains very bad nonetheless, the + parallel version becomes extremely reliable (for a Christmas light + chain - for other systems, e.g. safety-critical ones, even such high + reliability might be insufficient in practice). + +\end{enumerate} + +\item Now consider a case of a light chain that is supposed to be on + permanently. If a light bulb goes off, it takes 1 hour to be noticed + and replaced on expectation. For simplicity, we assume that repairs + happen independently and can even be carried out in parallel. +\begin{enumerate} +\item + \Q What is the (stationary) availability of the serial variant of + the light chain? + + \A The availability of a system expresses what fraction of the time + the system is in a working state. Thus, it is the time the system is + working divided by the sum of the time it is working and the time it + is being repaired, expressed mathematically, the availability is + \begin{equation} + \frac{MTTF}{MTTF + MTTR} = \frac{20}{20+1} \approx 95.24\% + \end{equation} + We substituted 20 for the MTTF, as we computed it in a previous + exercise, and 1 for MTTR, as given in this question. We can say + that, on average, the light chain works for 20 hours, then for one + hour it is being repaired, then it works for 20 hours again, and so + on... + +\item + \Q\ Draw a Markov chain modeling the reliability of both the serial + and the parallel variant of the light chain. For simplicity, assume + that in the parallel case, the light chain goes off automatically + when more than 10 light bulbs burn out. + + \A\ For the serial case, the Markov chain only consists of two + states, as there are only two possibilities for the light chain: + either all light bulbs work or the whole chain is off after the + first light bulb fails. The transition from the working state to the + failed state happens with the light chain's failure rate $(\lambda) + = 1/20$ $h^{-1}$, which we have already before. The repair rate, which + is, analogous to the failure rate, the inverse of the MTTR, is + $1$ $h^{-1}$ + + + \begin{figure}[h] + \center + \includegraphics[height=2.5cm]{markov-serial} + \end{figure} + + The parallel case is slightly more complex than the serial one, as + we need to distinguish more states of the light chain, depending on + how many light bulbs have failed. Also, the failure rates for each + depend on the number of working light bulbs. A single light bulb + having a failure rate of $1/1000$ $h^{-1}$, the combined failure + rate of $n$ light bulbs is $n\cdot 1/1000$ $h^{-1}$ (recall how we + computed the reliability in question 2.(a)). The analogous is true + for the repair rates. + + \begin{figure}[h] + \center + \includegraphics[height=2.5cm]{markov-parallel} + \end{figure} + +\item + \Q\ Set up the differential equations describing the states of the + Markov chains. + + \A\ For each state $p_i$, we have one equation constructed using the all + the incoming and outgoing edges of that state, of the form + \begin{equation} + \frac{dp_i}{dt} = \sum \lambda_kp_k(t) - \sum \lambda_ip_i(t) + \end{equation} + where $k$ goes through all the neighboring states from which there + is an edge to $p_i$, while $\lambda_i$ goes through all the outgoing + edges of $p_i$. + + Thus, the equations for the serial version are + + \begin{equation} + \frac{dp_0(t)}{dt} = 1 \cdot p_1(t) - \frac{50}{1000} \cdot p_0(t) + \end{equation} + \begin{equation} + \frac{dp_1(t)}{dt} = \frac{50}{1000} \cdot p_0(t) - 1 \cdot p_1(t) + \end{equation} + + and the equations for the parallel version are + + \begin{equation} + \frac{dp_0(t)}{dt} = 1 \cdot p_1(t) - \frac{50}{1000} \cdot p_0(t) + \end{equation} + \begin{equation} + \frac{dp_1(t)}{dt} = \frac{50}{1000} \cdot p_0(t) + 2 \cdot p_2(t) - \frac{49}{1000} \cdot p_1(t) - 1 \cdot p_1(t) + \end{equation} + \begin{equation} + \frac{dp_2(t)}{dt} = \frac{49}{1000} \cdot p_1(t) + 3 \cdot p_3(t) - \frac{48}{1000} \cdot p_2(t) - 2 \cdot p_2(t) + \end{equation} + \begin{equation} + \frac{dp_3(t)}{dt} = \frac{48}{1000} \cdot p_2(t) + 4 \cdot p_4(t) - \frac{47}{1000} \cdot p_3(t) - 3 \cdot p_3(t) + \end{equation} + \begin{equation} + \cdots + \end{equation} + \begin{equation} + \frac{dp_{10}(t)}{dt} = \frac{41}{1000} \cdot p_9(t) + 11 \cdot p_{11}(t) - \frac{40}{1000} \cdot p_{10}(t) - 10 \cdot p_{10}(t) + \end{equation} + \begin{equation} + \frac{dp_{11}(t)}{dt} = \frac{40}{1000} \cdot p_{10}(t) - 11 \cdot p_{11}(t) + \end{equation} + +\item + \Q\ What are the initial conditions of the differential equations + for a new light chain (i.e. when none of the light bulbs burned out + yet)? + + \A\ When the light chain is new, we assume all the light bulbs to be + working. Thus, for both the serial and parallel version of the + chain, at time $t = 0$, $p_0(0) = 1$ and $p_i(0) = 0$ for all $i > + 0$. +\item + \Q\ How would you calculate the mean time to failure (MTTF) of the + light chains? (Describe the steps, without performing the actual calculation.) + + \A\ As described in class, to compute the MTTF of a system modeled + by a Markov chain, we need to + \begin{enumerate} + \item Set up the differential equations. + \item Identify the terminal (absorbing) states, i.e. the states + with no outgoing edges. + \item Solve the linear equation system using the Laplace transform. + \item Compute the MTTF as the sum of the integrals over the + functions corresponding to all non-terminal states. + \end{enumerate} +\item + \Q\ How would you calculate the availability of the light chains? + (Describe the steps, without performing the actual calculation.) + + \A\ To compute the availability of a system, we need to: + \begin{enumerate} + \item Set up the differential equations according to the Markov chain. + \item Identify all states in which the system is considered up + (working) and down (failed). + \item Remove one state equation (in principle an arbitrary one, + but for numerical reasons, one corresponding to an unlikely + state should be removed.) + \item Add $1 = \sum p$ as the first equation. + \item Solve the linear equation system, yielding the fraction of + time each state is visited. + \item Compute the \underline{un}availability as the sum of all the + down states. + \end{enumerate} +\end{enumerate} + +\end{enumerate} + + +\end{document} diff --git a/exercises/Dependability/reliability-availability.pdf b/exercises/Dependability/reliability-availability.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4230a42 Binary files /dev/null and b/exercises/Dependability/reliability-availability.pdf differ diff --git a/exercises/Dependability/reliability-availability.tex b/exercises/Dependability/reliability-availability.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c7deb2e --- /dev/null +++ b/exercises/Dependability/reliability-availability.tex @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +\documentclass{article} + +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{geometry} +\usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref} + +\title{\vspace{-.5cm}Industrial Automation\\ \vspace{1cm}Reliability and Availability Exercises} +%% \author{Matej Pavlovic} +\date{} + +\begin{document} + +\maketitle + +In our running example, we consider a chain of Christmas lights consisting of many light bulbs. + +\begin{enumerate} + +\item Let us first consider a single light bulb. +\begin{enumerate} +\item + Under what conditions can we assume that a single light bulb's + failure rate is constant? +\item From now on, let us assume that the failure rate of a single + light bulb is indeed constant. Moreover, assume that a light bulb is + expected to burn out after 1000 hours. What is its failure rate? +\item What is the reliability of a single light bulb? +\end{enumerate} + +\item We consider a chain of Christmas lights consisting of 50 + serially connected light bulbs. This means that if any light bulb + burns out, the electric circuit is interrupted and all light bulbs + go off. +\begin{enumerate} +\item What is the reliability of the whole chain? +\item How long can we expect the light chain to work? +\end{enumerate} + +\item We now assume that the light bulbs are connected in + parallel. Thus, if a light bulb burns out, the others may continue + operating. We consider a light chain to be working as long as not + more than 10 light bulbs are burned out. +\begin{enumerate} +\item What is the reliability of the whole chain? +\item How long can we expect the light chain to work? (No need to + calculate the value, just give a mathematical expression describing + it.) +\end{enumerate} + +\item We assume that during the Christmas period, the light chain is + used every evening for 4 hours during the whole month of + December. Answer the following questions for both the serial and the + parallel variant of the light chain. +\begin{enumerate} +\item What is the probability that the light chain will remain + functional during the whole Christmas period? (Feel free to serve + yourself with mathematical tools like WolframAlpha to compute the + resulting numbers.) +\item What is the probability that the light chain survives the + Christmas periods of two consecutive years? +\item If, after the first year's Christmas period, 5 light bulbs burn + out, what is the probability of the light chain surviving the next + Christmas period? (Only relevant for the parallel case.) +\item Assume that the package with the light chain contains 2 + replacement light bulbs. How do the answers to the 3 above questions + change? +\item What are the answers to the previous 4 questions if we use LED + light bulbs with an expected life time of 5000 hours? +\end{enumerate} + +\item Now consider a case of a light chain that is supposed to be on + permanently. If a light bulb goes off, it takes 1 hour to be noticed + and replaced on expectation. For simplicity, we assume that repairs + happen independently and can even be carried out in parallel. +\begin{enumerate} +\item What is the (stationary) availability of the serial variant of the light + chain? +\item Draw a Markov chain modeling the reliability of both the serial + and the parallel variant of the light chain. For simplicity, assume + that in the parallel case, the light chain goes off automatically + when more than 10 light bulbs burn out. +\item Set up the differential equations describing the states of the + Markov chains. +\item What are the initial conditions of the differential equations + for a new light chain (i.e. when none of the light bulbs burned out + yet)? +\item How would you calculate the mean time to failure (MTTF) of the + light chains? (Describe the steps, without performing the actual calculation.) +\item How would you calculate the availability of the light chains? + (Describe the steps, without performing the actual calculation.) +\end{enumerate} + +\end{enumerate} + + +\end{document} diff --git a/exercises/Exercise 1.docx b/exercises/Exercise 1.docx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7437279 Binary files /dev/null and b/exercises/Exercise 1.docx differ diff --git a/exercises/Exercise 1.pages b/exercises/Exercise 1.pages new file mode 100755 index 0000000..a0a2169 Binary files /dev/null and b/exercises/Exercise 1.pages differ diff --git a/exercises/Exercise 1.pdf b/exercises/Exercise 1.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4eade21 Binary files /dev/null and b/exercises/Exercise 1.pdf differ diff --git a/exercises/Exercise 2.docx b/exercises/Exercise 2.docx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..301b690 Binary files /dev/null and b/exercises/Exercise 2.docx differ diff --git a/exercises/Exercise 2.pages b/exercises/Exercise 2.pages new file mode 100755 index 0000000..5de1c29 Binary files /dev/null and b/exercises/Exercise 2.pages differ diff --git a/exercises/Exercise 2.pdf b/exercises/Exercise 2.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..56a3c2a Binary files /dev/null and b/exercises/Exercise 2.pdf differ diff --git a/exercises/Exercise 3.docx b/exercises/Exercise 3.docx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2a1dd8 Binary files /dev/null and b/exercises/Exercise 3.docx differ diff --git a/exercises/Exercise 3.pages b/exercises/Exercise 3.pages new file mode 100755 index 0000000..5fb8b82 Binary files /dev/null and b/exercises/Exercise 3.pages differ diff --git a/exercises/Exercise 3.pdf b/exercises/Exercise 3.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4637490 Binary files /dev/null and b/exercises/Exercise 3.pdf differ diff --git a/exercises/Solution 1.docx b/exercises/Solution 1.docx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bc47c65 Binary files /dev/null and b/exercises/Solution 1.docx differ diff --git a/exercises/Solution 1.pages b/exercises/Solution 1.pages new file mode 100755 index 0000000..24fa28a Binary files /dev/null and b/exercises/Solution 1.pages differ diff --git a/exercises/Solution 1.pdf b/exercises/Solution 1.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a67949 Binary files /dev/null and b/exercises/Solution 1.pdf differ diff --git a/exercises/Solution 2.docx b/exercises/Solution 2.docx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..56c3db5 Binary files /dev/null and b/exercises/Solution 2.docx differ diff --git a/exercises/Solution 2.pages b/exercises/Solution 2.pages new file mode 100755 index 0000000..f3beb2c Binary files /dev/null and b/exercises/Solution 2.pages differ diff --git a/exercises/Solution 2.pdf b/exercises/Solution 2.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad060bf Binary files /dev/null and b/exercises/Solution 2.pdf differ diff --git a/exercises/Solution 3.docx b/exercises/Solution 3.docx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e54d0ad Binary files /dev/null and b/exercises/Solution 3.docx differ diff --git a/exercises/Solution 3.pages b/exercises/Solution 3.pages new file mode 100755 index 0000000..bf8eb28 Binary files /dev/null and b/exercises/Solution 3.pages differ diff --git a/exercises/Solution 3.pdf b/exercises/Solution 3.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6fd8e9a Binary files /dev/null and b/exercises/Solution 3.pdf differ diff --git a/homework/Groups.pdf b/homework/Groups.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e3eba2 Binary files /dev/null and b/homework/Groups.pdf differ diff --git a/homework/Groups.xlsx b/homework/Groups.xlsx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4312e0 Binary files /dev/null and b/homework/Groups.xlsx differ diff --git a/homework/Homework_2020_(GS).docx b/homework/Homework_2020_(GS).docx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7856f99 Binary files /dev/null and b/homework/Homework_2020_(GS).docx differ diff --git a/homework/Homework_2020_(GS).pdf b/homework/Homework_2020_(GS).pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2967474 Binary files /dev/null and b/homework/Homework_2020_(GS).pdf differ diff --git a/homework/Project Timeline and Evaluation.pages b/homework/Project Timeline and Evaluation.pages new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cce3cf8 Binary files /dev/null and b/homework/Project Timeline and Evaluation.pages differ diff --git a/homework/Project Timeline and Evaluation.pdf b/homework/Project Timeline and Evaluation.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a56a2b Binary files /dev/null and b/homework/Project Timeline and Evaluation.pdf differ diff --git a/homework/evaluation.txt b/homework/evaluation.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..086b2c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/homework/evaluation.txt @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +Project: 1-6 +Name of evaluator: First name, last name +Format: Is the report complete? If not, what is missing? + +Use EPFL grading (1-6) for each section. + +1. Overall architecture (Weight 2) +************************************************* +- Is it easy to read and understandable? +- Explanation and justification of assumptions +- Are the most important elements of the system described? +- Mapping of functionality onto hardware and software components? +- Description of interaction between components (information flow)? +- Partitioning into levels (are the different parts on the right level of the pyramid?)? +- Constraints / Regulations? +- Source of information listed? + + +1.a Control system (Weight 2) +************************************************* +- What are the requirements? (What needs to be monitored, regulated and controlled? How does this translate into requirements?) +- Is it easy to read and understandable? +- Explanation and justification of assumptions +- Which parts are continuous, which parts discrete? Why? +- Selection of PLCs/IO parts (suitable? explained? How many?) +- Source of information listed + +1.b Communication architecture (Weight 2) +************************************************* +- What are the requirements? (How much information, how frequent, how far? How many devices? What kind of latencies are acceptable? How does this translate into requirements?) +- Is it easy to read and understandable? +- Explanation and justification of assumptions +- Assignment of real-time / non -real time requirements +- Which parts are cyclic / event driven? +- Does protocol selection match requirements? +- Communication equipment (suitable? explained?) +- Synchronization +- Source of information listed + +1.c SCADA (Weight 2) +************************************************* +- What are the requirements? +- Is it easy to read and understandable? +- Explanation and justification of assumptions +- Selection of HW (suitable? explained? How many?) +- Source of information listed + +2. Supervision Tango part (Weight 2.5) +************************************************* +- List of signals to monitor and control complete and explained? +- List of alarms and priorities complete and justified? +- Architecture choices are described and justified + - how many device servers are needed? + - where do the device servers run? + - what are the device servers connected to? through which protocol(s)? +- Are the HMI principles adhered to in the synoptic views? +- Does the device server work? I.e., can we run it? + +3. Manufacturing Execution System (Weight 1) +************************************************* +- Are the purposes identified correctly? +- Is the proposed performance measure understandable and relevant? +- Are the dependencies and implications on the other layers identified and described? + +4. FMEA / FTA (Weight 2.5) +************************************************* +- Is it easy to read and understandable? +- Explanation and justification of choice of method +- Explanation and justification of assumptions +- Source of information +- Completeness (are the most important elements of the analysis described?) + + +5. Presentation (Weight 2) +************************************************* +- Is it easy to follow? +- Do the slides support the presentation? + + +5. Choice +********** +- If you as a customer had to pick between this and the other project bid, which one would you choose and why? \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/slides/IA_00_Overview.key b/slides/IA_00_Overview.key new file mode 100644 index 0000000..55c85df Binary files /dev/null and b/slides/IA_00_Overview.key differ diff --git a/slides/IA_00_Overview.pdf b/slides/IA_00_Overview.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f6c6c1 Binary files /dev/null and b/slides/IA_00_Overview.pdf differ diff --git a/slides/IA_01_Introduction.key b/slides/IA_01_Introduction.key new file mode 100755 index 0000000..68058b8 Binary files /dev/null and b/slides/IA_01_Introduction.key differ diff --git a/slides/IA_01_Introduction.pdf b/slides/IA_01_Introduction.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..11e6eec Binary files /dev/null and b/slides/IA_01_Introduction.pdf differ diff --git a/slides/IA_02_Control_and_Field_Devices.pdf b/slides/IA_02_Control_and_Field_Devices.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2daa0da Binary files /dev/null and b/slides/IA_02_Control_and_Field_Devices.pdf differ diff --git a/slides/IA_02_Control_and_Field_Devices.pptx b/slides/IA_02_Control_and_Field_Devices.pptx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ef6b870 Binary files /dev/null and b/slides/IA_02_Control_and_Field_Devices.pptx differ diff --git a/slides/IA_02_PLC_Programming.key b/slides/IA_02_PLC_Programming.key new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb26d00 Binary files /dev/null and b/slides/IA_02_PLC_Programming.key differ diff --git a/slides/IA_02_PLC_Programming.pdf b/slides/IA_02_PLC_Programming.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6bd3df8 Binary files /dev/null and b/slides/IA_02_PLC_Programming.pdf differ diff --git a/slides/IA_03_Communication_Networks.key b/slides/IA_03_Communication_Networks.key new file mode 100755 index 0000000..a80575a Binary files /dev/null and b/slides/IA_03_Communication_Networks.key differ diff --git a/slides/IA_03_Communication_Networks.pdf b/slides/IA_03_Communication_Networks.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bbb67a9 Binary files /dev/null and b/slides/IA_03_Communication_Networks.pdf differ diff --git a/slides/IA_03_OSI.key b/slides/IA_03_OSI.key new file mode 100755 index 0000000..7cfe59f Binary files /dev/null and b/slides/IA_03_OSI.key differ diff --git a/slides/IA_03_OSI.pdf b/slides/IA_03_OSI.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..589f489 Binary files /dev/null and b/slides/IA_03_OSI.pdf differ diff --git a/slides/IA_04_Application_Layer_Protocols_MES.key b/slides/IA_04_Application_Layer_Protocols_MES.key new file mode 100755 index 0000000..d2821bf Binary files /dev/null and b/slides/IA_04_Application_Layer_Protocols_MES.key differ diff --git a/slides/IA_04_Application_Layer_Protocols_MES.pdf b/slides/IA_04_Application_Layer_Protocols_MES.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..153ef29 Binary files /dev/null and b/slides/IA_04_Application_Layer_Protocols_MES.pdf differ diff --git a/slides/IA_05_SCADA.pdf b/slides/IA_05_SCADA.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c45a68 Binary files /dev/null and b/slides/IA_05_SCADA.pdf differ diff --git a/slides/IA_05_SCADA.pptx b/slides/IA_05_SCADA.pptx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..38b8f19 Binary files /dev/null and b/slides/IA_05_SCADA.pptx differ diff --git a/slides/IA_ISA95.pdf b/slides/IA_ISA95.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6f82a48 Binary files /dev/null and b/slides/IA_ISA95.pdf differ diff --git a/slides/IA_ISA95.pptx b/slides/IA_ISA95.pptx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a986e84 Binary files /dev/null and b/slides/IA_ISA95.pptx differ