diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest.h b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest.h
index a0592a82..e1e9c1bb 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest.h
@@ -1,2330 +1,2332 @@
 // Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
 // All rights reserved.
 //
 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 // met:
 //
 //     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 //     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
 // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 // distribution.
 //     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
 // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 // this software without specific prior written permission.
 //
 // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
 // Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
 //
 // The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
 //
 // This header file defines the public API for Google Test.  It should be
 // included by any test program that uses Google Test.
 //
 // IMPORTANT NOTE: Due to limitation of the C++ language, we have to
 // leave some internal implementation details in this header file.
 // They are clearly marked by comments like this:
 //
 //   // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
 //
 // Such code is NOT meant to be used by a user directly, and is subject
 // to CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.  Therefore DO NOT DEPEND ON IT in a user
 // program!
 //
 // Acknowledgment: Google Test borrowed the idea of automatic test
 // registration from Barthelemy Dagenais' (barthelemy@prologique.com)
 // easyUnit framework.
 
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
 
 #include <limits>
 #include <ostream>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-death-test.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-param-test.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-printers.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest_prod.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-test-part.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-typed-test.h"
 
 // Depending on the platform, different string classes are available.
 // On Linux, in addition to ::std::string, Google also makes use of
 // class ::string, which has the same interface as ::std::string, but
 // has a different implementation.
 //
 // You can define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING to 1 to indicate that
 // ::string is available AND is a distinct type to ::std::string, or
 // define it to 0 to indicate otherwise.
 //
 // If ::std::string and ::string are the same class on your platform
 // due to aliasing, you should define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING to 0.
 //
 // If you do not define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING, it is defined
 // heuristically.
 
 namespace testing {
 
 // Silence C4100 (unreferenced formal parameter) and 4805
 // unsafe mix of type 'const int' and type 'const bool'
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 # pragma warning(push)
 # pragma warning(disable:4805)
 # pragma warning(disable:4100)
 #endif
 
 
 // Declares the flags.
 
 // This flag temporary enables the disabled tests.
 GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(also_run_disabled_tests);
 
 // This flag brings the debugger on an assertion failure.
 GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(break_on_failure);
 
 // This flag controls whether Google Test catches all test-thrown exceptions
 // and logs them as failures.
 GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(catch_exceptions);
 
 // This flag enables using colors in terminal output. Available values are
 // "yes" to enable colors, "no" (disable colors), or "auto" (the default)
 // to let Google Test decide.
 GTEST_DECLARE_string_(color);
 
 // This flag sets up the filter to select by name using a glob pattern
 // the tests to run. If the filter is not given all tests are executed.
 GTEST_DECLARE_string_(filter);
 
 // This flag causes the Google Test to list tests. None of the tests listed
 // are actually run if the flag is provided.
 GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(list_tests);
 
 // This flag controls whether Google Test emits a detailed XML report to a file
 // in addition to its normal textual output.
 GTEST_DECLARE_string_(output);
 
 // This flags control whether Google Test prints the elapsed time for each
 // test.
 GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(print_time);
 
 // This flags control whether Google Test prints UTF8 characters as text.
 GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(print_utf8);
 
 // This flag specifies the random number seed.
 GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(random_seed);
 
 // This flag sets how many times the tests are repeated. The default value
 // is 1. If the value is -1 the tests are repeating forever.
 GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(repeat);
 
 // This flag controls whether Google Test includes Google Test internal
 // stack frames in failure stack traces.
 GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(show_internal_stack_frames);
 
 // When this flag is specified, tests' order is randomized on every iteration.
 GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(shuffle);
 
 // This flag specifies the maximum number of stack frames to be
 // printed in a failure message.
 GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(stack_trace_depth);
 
 // When this flag is specified, a failed assertion will throw an
 // exception if exceptions are enabled, or exit the program with a
 // non-zero code otherwise. For use with an external test framework.
 GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(throw_on_failure);
 
 // When this flag is set with a "host:port" string, on supported
 // platforms test results are streamed to the specified port on
 // the specified host machine.
 GTEST_DECLARE_string_(stream_result_to);
 
 // The upper limit for valid stack trace depths.
 const int kMaxStackTraceDepth = 100;
 
 namespace internal {
 
 class AssertHelper;
 class DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter;
 class ExecDeathTest;
 class NoExecDeathTest;
 class FinalSuccessChecker;
 class GTestFlagSaver;
 class StreamingListenerTest;
 class TestResultAccessor;
 class TestEventListenersAccessor;
 class TestEventRepeater;
 class UnitTestRecordPropertyTestHelper;
 class WindowsDeathTest;
+class FuchsiaDeathTest;
 class UnitTestImpl* GetUnitTestImpl();
 void ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
                                     const std::string& message);
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
 // The friend relationship of some of these classes is cyclic.
 // If we don't forward declare them the compiler might confuse the classes
 // in friendship clauses with same named classes on the scope.
 class Test;
 class TestCase;
 class TestInfo;
 class UnitTest;
 
 // A class for indicating whether an assertion was successful.  When
 // the assertion wasn't successful, the AssertionResult object
 // remembers a non-empty message that describes how it failed.
 //
 // To create an instance of this class, use one of the factory functions
 // (AssertionSuccess() and AssertionFailure()).
 //
 // This class is useful for two purposes:
 //   1. Defining predicate functions to be used with Boolean test assertions
 //      EXPECT_TRUE/EXPECT_FALSE and their ASSERT_ counterparts
 //   2. Defining predicate-format functions to be
 //      used with predicate assertions (ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT*, etc).
 //
 // For example, if you define IsEven predicate:
 //
 //   testing::AssertionResult IsEven(int n) {
 //     if ((n % 2) == 0)
 //       return testing::AssertionSuccess();
 //     else
 //       return testing::AssertionFailure() << n << " is odd";
 //   }
 //
 // Then the failed expectation EXPECT_TRUE(IsEven(Fib(5)))
 // will print the message
 //
 //   Value of: IsEven(Fib(5))
 //     Actual: false (5 is odd)
 //   Expected: true
 //
 // instead of a more opaque
 //
 //   Value of: IsEven(Fib(5))
 //     Actual: false
 //   Expected: true
 //
 // in case IsEven is a simple Boolean predicate.
 //
 // If you expect your predicate to be reused and want to support informative
 // messages in EXPECT_FALSE and ASSERT_FALSE (negative assertions show up
 // about half as often as positive ones in our tests), supply messages for
 // both success and failure cases:
 //
 //   testing::AssertionResult IsEven(int n) {
 //     if ((n % 2) == 0)
 //       return testing::AssertionSuccess() << n << " is even";
 //     else
 //       return testing::AssertionFailure() << n << " is odd";
 //   }
 //
 // Then a statement EXPECT_FALSE(IsEven(Fib(6))) will print
 //
 //   Value of: IsEven(Fib(6))
 //     Actual: true (8 is even)
 //   Expected: false
 //
 // NB: Predicates that support negative Boolean assertions have reduced
 // performance in positive ones so be careful not to use them in tests
 // that have lots (tens of thousands) of positive Boolean assertions.
 //
 // To use this class with EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT assertions such as:
 //
 //   // Verifies that Foo() returns an even number.
 //   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(IsEven, Foo());
 //
 // you need to define:
 //
 //   testing::AssertionResult IsEven(const char* expr, int n) {
 //     if ((n % 2) == 0)
 //       return testing::AssertionSuccess();
 //     else
 //       return testing::AssertionFailure()
 //         << "Expected: " << expr << " is even\n  Actual: it's " << n;
 //   }
 //
 // If Foo() returns 5, you will see the following message:
 //
 //   Expected: Foo() is even
 //     Actual: it's 5
 //
 class GTEST_API_ AssertionResult {
  public:
   // Copy constructor.
   // Used in EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(assertion_result).
   AssertionResult(const AssertionResult& other);
 
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1910
   GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4800 /* forcing value to bool */)
 #endif
 
   // Used in the EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(bool_expression).
   //
   // T must be contextually convertible to bool.
   //
   // The second parameter prevents this overload from being considered if
   // the argument is implicitly convertible to AssertionResult. In that case
   // we want AssertionResult's copy constructor to be used.
   template <typename T>
   explicit AssertionResult(
       const T& success,
       typename internal::EnableIf<
           !internal::ImplicitlyConvertible<T, AssertionResult>::value>::type*
           /*enabler*/ = NULL)
       : success_(success) {}
 
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1910
   GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 #endif
 
   // Assignment operator.
   AssertionResult& operator=(AssertionResult other) {
     swap(other);
     return *this;
   }
 
   // Returns true iff the assertion succeeded.
   operator bool() const { return success_; }  // NOLINT
 
   // Returns the assertion's negation. Used with EXPECT/ASSERT_FALSE.
   AssertionResult operator!() const;
 
   // Returns the text streamed into this AssertionResult. Test assertions
   // use it when they fail (i.e., the predicate's outcome doesn't match the
   // assertion's expectation). When nothing has been streamed into the
   // object, returns an empty string.
   const char* message() const {
     return message_.get() != NULL ?  message_->c_str() : "";
   }
   // TODO(vladl@google.com): Remove this after making sure no clients use it.
   // Deprecated; please use message() instead.
   const char* failure_message() const { return message(); }
 
   // Streams a custom failure message into this object.
   template <typename T> AssertionResult& operator<<(const T& value) {
     AppendMessage(Message() << value);
     return *this;
   }
 
   // Allows streaming basic output manipulators such as endl or flush into
   // this object.
   AssertionResult& operator<<(
       ::std::ostream& (*basic_manipulator)(::std::ostream& stream)) {
     AppendMessage(Message() << basic_manipulator);
     return *this;
   }
 
  private:
   // Appends the contents of message to message_.
   void AppendMessage(const Message& a_message) {
     if (message_.get() == NULL)
       message_.reset(new ::std::string);
     message_->append(a_message.GetString().c_str());
   }
 
   // Swap the contents of this AssertionResult with other.
   void swap(AssertionResult& other);
 
   // Stores result of the assertion predicate.
   bool success_;
   // Stores the message describing the condition in case the expectation
   // construct is not satisfied with the predicate's outcome.
   // Referenced via a pointer to avoid taking too much stack frame space
   // with test assertions.
   internal::scoped_ptr< ::std::string> message_;
 };
 
 // Makes a successful assertion result.
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult AssertionSuccess();
 
 // Makes a failed assertion result.
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult AssertionFailure();
 
 // Makes a failed assertion result with the given failure message.
 // Deprecated; use AssertionFailure() << msg.
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult AssertionFailure(const Message& msg);
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
 // Includes the auto-generated header that implements a family of generic
 // predicate assertion macros. This include comes late because it relies on
 // APIs declared above.
 #include "gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h"
 
 namespace testing {
 
 // The abstract class that all tests inherit from.
 //
 // In Google Test, a unit test program contains one or many TestCases, and
 // each TestCase contains one or many Tests.
 //
 // When you define a test using the TEST macro, you don't need to
 // explicitly derive from Test - the TEST macro automatically does
 // this for you.
 //
 // The only time you derive from Test is when defining a test fixture
 // to be used in a TEST_F.  For example:
 //
 //   class FooTest : public testing::Test {
 //    protected:
 //     void SetUp() override { ... }
 //     void TearDown() override { ... }
 //     ...
 //   };
 //
 //   TEST_F(FooTest, Bar) { ... }
 //   TEST_F(FooTest, Baz) { ... }
 //
 // Test is not copyable.
 class GTEST_API_ Test {
  public:
   friend class TestInfo;
 
   // Defines types for pointers to functions that set up and tear down
   // a test case.
   typedef internal::SetUpTestCaseFunc SetUpTestCaseFunc;
   typedef internal::TearDownTestCaseFunc TearDownTestCaseFunc;
 
   // The d'tor is virtual as we intend to inherit from Test.
   virtual ~Test();
 
   // Sets up the stuff shared by all tests in this test case.
   //
   // Google Test will call Foo::SetUpTestCase() before running the first
   // test in test case Foo.  Hence a sub-class can define its own
   // SetUpTestCase() method to shadow the one defined in the super
   // class.
   static void SetUpTestCase() {}
 
   // Tears down the stuff shared by all tests in this test case.
   //
   // Google Test will call Foo::TearDownTestCase() after running the last
   // test in test case Foo.  Hence a sub-class can define its own
   // TearDownTestCase() method to shadow the one defined in the super
   // class.
   static void TearDownTestCase() {}
 
   // Returns true iff the current test has a fatal failure.
   static bool HasFatalFailure();
 
   // Returns true iff the current test has a non-fatal failure.
   static bool HasNonfatalFailure();
 
   // Returns true iff the current test has a (either fatal or
   // non-fatal) failure.
   static bool HasFailure() { return HasFatalFailure() || HasNonfatalFailure(); }
 
   // Logs a property for the current test, test case, or for the entire
   // invocation of the test program when used outside of the context of a
   // test case.  Only the last value for a given key is remembered.  These
   // are public static so they can be called from utility functions that are
   // not members of the test fixture.  Calls to RecordProperty made during
   // lifespan of the test (from the moment its constructor starts to the
   // moment its destructor finishes) will be output in XML as attributes of
   // the <testcase> element.  Properties recorded from fixture's
   // SetUpTestCase or TearDownTestCase are logged as attributes of the
   // corresponding <testsuite> element.  Calls to RecordProperty made in the
   // global context (before or after invocation of RUN_ALL_TESTS and from
   // SetUp/TearDown method of Environment objects registered with Google
   // Test) will be output as attributes of the <testsuites> element.
   static void RecordProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& value);
   static void RecordProperty(const std::string& key, int value);
 
  protected:
   // Creates a Test object.
   Test();
 
   // Sets up the test fixture.
   virtual void SetUp();
 
   // Tears down the test fixture.
   virtual void TearDown();
 
  private:
   // Returns true iff the current test has the same fixture class as
   // the first test in the current test case.
   static bool HasSameFixtureClass();
 
   // Runs the test after the test fixture has been set up.
   //
   // A sub-class must implement this to define the test logic.
   //
   // DO NOT OVERRIDE THIS FUNCTION DIRECTLY IN A USER PROGRAM.
   // Instead, use the TEST or TEST_F macro.
   virtual void TestBody() = 0;
 
   // Sets up, executes, and tears down the test.
   void Run();
 
   // Deletes self.  We deliberately pick an unusual name for this
   // internal method to avoid clashing with names used in user TESTs.
   void DeleteSelf_() { delete this; }
 
   const internal::scoped_ptr< GTEST_FLAG_SAVER_ > gtest_flag_saver_;
 
   // Often a user misspells SetUp() as Setup() and spends a long time
   // wondering why it is never called by Google Test.  The declaration of
   // the following method is solely for catching such an error at
   // compile time:
   //
   //   - The return type is deliberately chosen to be not void, so it
   //   will be a conflict if void Setup() is declared in the user's
   //   test fixture.
   //
   //   - This method is private, so it will be another compiler error
   //   if the method is called from the user's test fixture.
   //
   // DO NOT OVERRIDE THIS FUNCTION.
   //
   // If you see an error about overriding the following function or
   // about it being private, you have mis-spelled SetUp() as Setup().
   struct Setup_should_be_spelled_SetUp {};
   virtual Setup_should_be_spelled_SetUp* Setup() { return NULL; }
 
   // We disallow copying Tests.
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Test);
 };
 
 typedef internal::TimeInMillis TimeInMillis;
 
 // A copyable object representing a user specified test property which can be
 // output as a key/value string pair.
 //
 // Don't inherit from TestProperty as its destructor is not virtual.
 class TestProperty {
  public:
   // C'tor.  TestProperty does NOT have a default constructor.
   // Always use this constructor (with parameters) to create a
   // TestProperty object.
   TestProperty(const std::string& a_key, const std::string& a_value) :
     key_(a_key), value_(a_value) {
   }
 
   // Gets the user supplied key.
   const char* key() const {
     return key_.c_str();
   }
 
   // Gets the user supplied value.
   const char* value() const {
     return value_.c_str();
   }
 
   // Sets a new value, overriding the one supplied in the constructor.
   void SetValue(const std::string& new_value) {
     value_ = new_value;
   }
 
  private:
   // The key supplied by the user.
   std::string key_;
   // The value supplied by the user.
   std::string value_;
 };
 
 // The result of a single Test.  This includes a list of
 // TestPartResults, a list of TestProperties, a count of how many
 // death tests there are in the Test, and how much time it took to run
 // the Test.
 //
 // TestResult is not copyable.
 class GTEST_API_ TestResult {
  public:
   // Creates an empty TestResult.
   TestResult();
 
   // D'tor.  Do not inherit from TestResult.
   ~TestResult();
 
   // Gets the number of all test parts.  This is the sum of the number
   // of successful test parts and the number of failed test parts.
   int total_part_count() const;
 
   // Returns the number of the test properties.
   int test_property_count() const;
 
   // Returns true iff the test passed (i.e. no test part failed).
   bool Passed() const { return !Failed(); }
 
   // Returns true iff the test failed.
   bool Failed() const;
 
   // Returns true iff the test fatally failed.
   bool HasFatalFailure() const;
 
   // Returns true iff the test has a non-fatal failure.
   bool HasNonfatalFailure() const;
 
   // Returns the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
   TimeInMillis elapsed_time() const { return elapsed_time_; }
 
   // Returns the i-th test part result among all the results. i can range from 0
   // to total_part_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, aborts the program.
   const TestPartResult& GetTestPartResult(int i) const;
 
   // Returns the i-th test property. i can range from 0 to
   // test_property_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, aborts the
   // program.
   const TestProperty& GetTestProperty(int i) const;
 
  private:
   friend class TestInfo;
   friend class TestCase;
   friend class UnitTest;
   friend class internal::DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter;
   friend class internal::ExecDeathTest;
   friend class internal::TestResultAccessor;
   friend class internal::UnitTestImpl;
   friend class internal::WindowsDeathTest;
+  friend class internal::FuchsiaDeathTest;
 
   // Gets the vector of TestPartResults.
   const std::vector<TestPartResult>& test_part_results() const {
     return test_part_results_;
   }
 
   // Gets the vector of TestProperties.
   const std::vector<TestProperty>& test_properties() const {
     return test_properties_;
   }
 
   // Sets the elapsed time.
   void set_elapsed_time(TimeInMillis elapsed) { elapsed_time_ = elapsed; }
 
   // Adds a test property to the list. The property is validated and may add
   // a non-fatal failure if invalid (e.g., if it conflicts with reserved
   // key names). If a property is already recorded for the same key, the
   // value will be updated, rather than storing multiple values for the same
   // key.  xml_element specifies the element for which the property is being
   // recorded and is used for validation.
   void RecordProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
                       const TestProperty& test_property);
 
   // Adds a failure if the key is a reserved attribute of Google Test
   // testcase tags.  Returns true if the property is valid.
   // TODO(russr): Validate attribute names are legal and human readable.
   static bool ValidateTestProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
                                    const TestProperty& test_property);
 
   // Adds a test part result to the list.
   void AddTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result);
 
   // Returns the death test count.
   int death_test_count() const { return death_test_count_; }
 
   // Increments the death test count, returning the new count.
   int increment_death_test_count() { return ++death_test_count_; }
 
   // Clears the test part results.
   void ClearTestPartResults();
 
   // Clears the object.
   void Clear();
 
   // Protects mutable state of the property vector and of owned
   // properties, whose values may be updated.
   internal::Mutex test_properites_mutex_;
 
   // The vector of TestPartResults
   std::vector<TestPartResult> test_part_results_;
   // The vector of TestProperties
   std::vector<TestProperty> test_properties_;
   // Running count of death tests.
   int death_test_count_;
   // The elapsed time, in milliseconds.
   TimeInMillis elapsed_time_;
 
   // We disallow copying TestResult.
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestResult);
 };  // class TestResult
 
 // A TestInfo object stores the following information about a test:
 //
 //   Test case name
 //   Test name
 //   Whether the test should be run
 //   A function pointer that creates the test object when invoked
 //   Test result
 //
 // The constructor of TestInfo registers itself with the UnitTest
 // singleton such that the RUN_ALL_TESTS() macro knows which tests to
 // run.
 class GTEST_API_ TestInfo {
  public:
   // Destructs a TestInfo object.  This function is not virtual, so
   // don't inherit from TestInfo.
   ~TestInfo();
 
   // Returns the test case name.
   const char* test_case_name() const { return test_case_name_.c_str(); }
 
   // Returns the test name.
   const char* name() const { return name_.c_str(); }
 
   // Returns the name of the parameter type, or NULL if this is not a typed
   // or a type-parameterized test.
   const char* type_param() const {
     if (type_param_.get() != NULL)
       return type_param_->c_str();
     return NULL;
   }
 
   // Returns the text representation of the value parameter, or NULL if this
   // is not a value-parameterized test.
   const char* value_param() const {
     if (value_param_.get() != NULL)
       return value_param_->c_str();
     return NULL;
   }
 
   // Returns the file name where this test is defined.
   const char* file() const { return location_.file.c_str(); }
 
   // Returns the line where this test is defined.
   int line() const { return location_.line; }
 
   // Return true if this test should not be run because it's in another shard.
   bool is_in_another_shard() const { return is_in_another_shard_; }
 
   // Returns true if this test should run, that is if the test is not
   // disabled (or it is disabled but the also_run_disabled_tests flag has
   // been specified) and its full name matches the user-specified filter.
   //
   // Google Test allows the user to filter the tests by their full names.
   // The full name of a test Bar in test case Foo is defined as
   // "Foo.Bar".  Only the tests that match the filter will run.
   //
   // A filter is a colon-separated list of glob (not regex) patterns,
   // optionally followed by a '-' and a colon-separated list of
   // negative patterns (tests to exclude).  A test is run if it
   // matches one of the positive patterns and does not match any of
   // the negative patterns.
   //
   // For example, *A*:Foo.* is a filter that matches any string that
   // contains the character 'A' or starts with "Foo.".
   bool should_run() const { return should_run_; }
 
   // Returns true iff this test will appear in the XML report.
   bool is_reportable() const {
     // The XML report includes tests matching the filter, excluding those
     // run in other shards.
     return matches_filter_ && !is_in_another_shard_;
   }
 
   // Returns the result of the test.
   const TestResult* result() const { return &result_; }
 
  private:
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
   friend class internal::DefaultDeathTestFactory;
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
   friend class Test;
   friend class TestCase;
   friend class internal::UnitTestImpl;
   friend class internal::StreamingListenerTest;
   friend TestInfo* internal::MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
       const char* test_case_name,
       const char* name,
       const char* type_param,
       const char* value_param,
       internal::CodeLocation code_location,
       internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
       Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
       Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc,
       internal::TestFactoryBase* factory);
 
   // Constructs a TestInfo object. The newly constructed instance assumes
   // ownership of the factory object.
   TestInfo(const std::string& test_case_name,
            const std::string& name,
            const char* a_type_param,   // NULL if not a type-parameterized test
            const char* a_value_param,  // NULL if not a value-parameterized test
            internal::CodeLocation a_code_location,
            internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
            internal::TestFactoryBase* factory);
 
   // Increments the number of death tests encountered in this test so
   // far.
   int increment_death_test_count() {
     return result_.increment_death_test_count();
   }
 
   // Creates the test object, runs it, records its result, and then
   // deletes it.
   void Run();
 
   static void ClearTestResult(TestInfo* test_info) {
     test_info->result_.Clear();
   }
 
   // These fields are immutable properties of the test.
   const std::string test_case_name_;     // Test case name
   const std::string name_;               // Test name
   // Name of the parameter type, or NULL if this is not a typed or a
   // type-parameterized test.
   const internal::scoped_ptr<const ::std::string> type_param_;
   // Text representation of the value parameter, or NULL if this is not a
   // value-parameterized test.
   const internal::scoped_ptr<const ::std::string> value_param_;
   internal::CodeLocation location_;
   const internal::TypeId fixture_class_id_;   // ID of the test fixture class
   bool should_run_;                 // True iff this test should run
   bool is_disabled_;                // True iff this test is disabled
   bool matches_filter_;             // True if this test matches the
                                     // user-specified filter.
   bool is_in_another_shard_;        // Will be run in another shard.
   internal::TestFactoryBase* const factory_;  // The factory that creates
                                               // the test object
 
   // This field is mutable and needs to be reset before running the
   // test for the second time.
   TestResult result_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestInfo);
 };
 
 // A test case, which consists of a vector of TestInfos.
 //
 // TestCase is not copyable.
 class GTEST_API_ TestCase {
  public:
   // Creates a TestCase with the given name.
   //
   // TestCase does NOT have a default constructor.  Always use this
   // constructor to create a TestCase object.
   //
   // Arguments:
   //
   //   name:         name of the test case
   //   a_type_param: the name of the test's type parameter, or NULL if
   //                 this is not a type-parameterized test.
   //   set_up_tc:    pointer to the function that sets up the test case
   //   tear_down_tc: pointer to the function that tears down the test case
   TestCase(const char* name, const char* a_type_param,
            Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
            Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc);
 
   // Destructor of TestCase.
   virtual ~TestCase();
 
   // Gets the name of the TestCase.
   const char* name() const { return name_.c_str(); }
 
   // Returns the name of the parameter type, or NULL if this is not a
   // type-parameterized test case.
   const char* type_param() const {
     if (type_param_.get() != NULL)
       return type_param_->c_str();
     return NULL;
   }
 
   // Returns true if any test in this test case should run.
   bool should_run() const { return should_run_; }
 
   // Gets the number of successful tests in this test case.
   int successful_test_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of failed tests in this test case.
   int failed_test_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
   int reportable_disabled_test_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of disabled tests in this test case.
   int disabled_test_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
   int reportable_test_count() const;
 
   // Get the number of tests in this test case that should run.
   int test_to_run_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of all tests in this test case.
   int total_test_count() const;
 
   // Returns true iff the test case passed.
   bool Passed() const { return !Failed(); }
 
   // Returns true iff the test case failed.
   bool Failed() const { return failed_test_count() > 0; }
 
   // Returns the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
   TimeInMillis elapsed_time() const { return elapsed_time_; }
 
   // Returns the i-th test among all the tests. i can range from 0 to
   // total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
   const TestInfo* GetTestInfo(int i) const;
 
   // Returns the TestResult that holds test properties recorded during
   // execution of SetUpTestCase and TearDownTestCase.
   const TestResult& ad_hoc_test_result() const { return ad_hoc_test_result_; }
 
  private:
   friend class Test;
   friend class internal::UnitTestImpl;
 
   // Gets the (mutable) vector of TestInfos in this TestCase.
   std::vector<TestInfo*>& test_info_list() { return test_info_list_; }
 
   // Gets the (immutable) vector of TestInfos in this TestCase.
   const std::vector<TestInfo*>& test_info_list() const {
     return test_info_list_;
   }
 
   // Returns the i-th test among all the tests. i can range from 0 to
   // total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
   TestInfo* GetMutableTestInfo(int i);
 
   // Sets the should_run member.
   void set_should_run(bool should) { should_run_ = should; }
 
   // Adds a TestInfo to this test case.  Will delete the TestInfo upon
   // destruction of the TestCase object.
   void AddTestInfo(TestInfo * test_info);
 
   // Clears the results of all tests in this test case.
   void ClearResult();
 
   // Clears the results of all tests in the given test case.
   static void ClearTestCaseResult(TestCase* test_case) {
     test_case->ClearResult();
   }
 
   // Runs every test in this TestCase.
   void Run();
 
   // Runs SetUpTestCase() for this TestCase.  This wrapper is needed
   // for catching exceptions thrown from SetUpTestCase().
   void RunSetUpTestCase() { (*set_up_tc_)(); }
 
   // Runs TearDownTestCase() for this TestCase.  This wrapper is
   // needed for catching exceptions thrown from TearDownTestCase().
   void RunTearDownTestCase() { (*tear_down_tc_)(); }
 
   // Returns true iff test passed.
   static bool TestPassed(const TestInfo* test_info) {
     return test_info->should_run() && test_info->result()->Passed();
   }
 
   // Returns true iff test failed.
   static bool TestFailed(const TestInfo* test_info) {
     return test_info->should_run() && test_info->result()->Failed();
   }
 
   // Returns true iff the test is disabled and will be reported in the XML
   // report.
   static bool TestReportableDisabled(const TestInfo* test_info) {
     return test_info->is_reportable() && test_info->is_disabled_;
   }
 
   // Returns true iff test is disabled.
   static bool TestDisabled(const TestInfo* test_info) {
     return test_info->is_disabled_;
   }
 
   // Returns true iff this test will appear in the XML report.
   static bool TestReportable(const TestInfo* test_info) {
     return test_info->is_reportable();
   }
 
   // Returns true if the given test should run.
   static bool ShouldRunTest(const TestInfo* test_info) {
     return test_info->should_run();
   }
 
   // Shuffles the tests in this test case.
   void ShuffleTests(internal::Random* random);
 
   // Restores the test order to before the first shuffle.
   void UnshuffleTests();
 
   // Name of the test case.
   std::string name_;
   // Name of the parameter type, or NULL if this is not a typed or a
   // type-parameterized test.
   const internal::scoped_ptr<const ::std::string> type_param_;
   // The vector of TestInfos in their original order.  It owns the
   // elements in the vector.
   std::vector<TestInfo*> test_info_list_;
   // Provides a level of indirection for the test list to allow easy
   // shuffling and restoring the test order.  The i-th element in this
   // vector is the index of the i-th test in the shuffled test list.
   std::vector<int> test_indices_;
   // Pointer to the function that sets up the test case.
   Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc_;
   // Pointer to the function that tears down the test case.
   Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc_;
   // True iff any test in this test case should run.
   bool should_run_;
   // Elapsed time, in milliseconds.
   TimeInMillis elapsed_time_;
   // Holds test properties recorded during execution of SetUpTestCase and
   // TearDownTestCase.
   TestResult ad_hoc_test_result_;
 
   // We disallow copying TestCases.
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestCase);
 };
 
 // An Environment object is capable of setting up and tearing down an
 // environment.  You should subclass this to define your own
 // environment(s).
 //
 // An Environment object does the set-up and tear-down in virtual
 // methods SetUp() and TearDown() instead of the constructor and the
 // destructor, as:
 //
 //   1. You cannot safely throw from a destructor.  This is a problem
 //      as in some cases Google Test is used where exceptions are enabled, and
 //      we may want to implement ASSERT_* using exceptions where they are
 //      available.
 //   2. You cannot use ASSERT_* directly in a constructor or
 //      destructor.
 class Environment {
  public:
   // The d'tor is virtual as we need to subclass Environment.
   virtual ~Environment() {}
 
   // Override this to define how to set up the environment.
   virtual void SetUp() {}
 
   // Override this to define how to tear down the environment.
   virtual void TearDown() {}
  private:
   // If you see an error about overriding the following function or
   // about it being private, you have mis-spelled SetUp() as Setup().
   struct Setup_should_be_spelled_SetUp {};
   virtual Setup_should_be_spelled_SetUp* Setup() { return NULL; }
 };
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
 // Exception which can be thrown from TestEventListener::OnTestPartResult.
 class GTEST_API_ AssertionException
     : public internal::GoogleTestFailureException {
  public:
   explicit AssertionException(const TestPartResult& result)
       : GoogleTestFailureException(result) {}
 };
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
 // The interface for tracing execution of tests. The methods are organized in
 // the order the corresponding events are fired.
 class TestEventListener {
  public:
   virtual ~TestEventListener() {}
 
   // Fired before any test activity starts.
   virtual void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& unit_test) = 0;
 
   // Fired before each iteration of tests starts.  There may be more than
   // one iteration if GTEST_FLAG(repeat) is set. iteration is the iteration
   // index, starting from 0.
   virtual void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& unit_test,
                                     int iteration) = 0;
 
   // Fired before environment set-up for each iteration of tests starts.
   virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(const UnitTest& unit_test) = 0;
 
   // Fired after environment set-up for each iteration of tests ends.
   virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test) = 0;
 
   // Fired before the test case starts.
   virtual void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case) = 0;
 
   // Fired before the test starts.
   virtual void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) = 0;
 
   // Fired after a failed assertion or a SUCCEED() invocation.
   // If you want to throw an exception from this function to skip to the next
   // TEST, it must be AssertionException defined above, or inherited from it.
   virtual void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) = 0;
 
   // Fired after the test ends.
   virtual void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) = 0;
 
   // Fired after the test case ends.
   virtual void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case) = 0;
 
   // Fired before environment tear-down for each iteration of tests starts.
   virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(const UnitTest& unit_test) = 0;
 
   // Fired after environment tear-down for each iteration of tests ends.
   virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test) = 0;
 
   // Fired after each iteration of tests finishes.
   virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
                                   int iteration) = 0;
 
   // Fired after all test activities have ended.
   virtual void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test) = 0;
 };
 
 // The convenience class for users who need to override just one or two
 // methods and are not concerned that a possible change to a signature of
 // the methods they override will not be caught during the build.  For
 // comments about each method please see the definition of TestEventListener
 // above.
 class EmptyTestEventListener : public TestEventListener {
  public:
   virtual void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
   virtual void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/,
                                     int /*iteration*/) {}
   virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
   virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
   virtual void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& /*test_case*/) {}
   virtual void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& /*test_info*/) {}
   virtual void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& /*test_part_result*/) {}
   virtual void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& /*test_info*/) {}
   virtual void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& /*test_case*/) {}
   virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
   virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
   virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/,
                                   int /*iteration*/) {}
   virtual void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
 };
 
 // TestEventListeners lets users add listeners to track events in Google Test.
 class GTEST_API_ TestEventListeners {
  public:
   TestEventListeners();
   ~TestEventListeners();
 
   // Appends an event listener to the end of the list. Google Test assumes
   // the ownership of the listener (i.e. it will delete the listener when
   // the test program finishes).
   void Append(TestEventListener* listener);
 
   // Removes the given event listener from the list and returns it.  It then
   // becomes the caller's responsibility to delete the listener. Returns
   // NULL if the listener is not found in the list.
   TestEventListener* Release(TestEventListener* listener);
 
   // Returns the standard listener responsible for the default console
   // output.  Can be removed from the listeners list to shut down default
   // console output.  Note that removing this object from the listener list
   // with Release transfers its ownership to the caller and makes this
   // function return NULL the next time.
   TestEventListener* default_result_printer() const {
     return default_result_printer_;
   }
 
   // Returns the standard listener responsible for the default XML output
   // controlled by the --gtest_output=xml flag.  Can be removed from the
   // listeners list by users who want to shut down the default XML output
   // controlled by this flag and substitute it with custom one.  Note that
   // removing this object from the listener list with Release transfers its
   // ownership to the caller and makes this function return NULL the next
   // time.
   TestEventListener* default_xml_generator() const {
     return default_xml_generator_;
   }
 
  private:
   friend class TestCase;
   friend class TestInfo;
   friend class internal::DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter;
   friend class internal::NoExecDeathTest;
   friend class internal::TestEventListenersAccessor;
   friend class internal::UnitTestImpl;
 
   // Returns repeater that broadcasts the TestEventListener events to all
   // subscribers.
   TestEventListener* repeater();
 
   // Sets the default_result_printer attribute to the provided listener.
   // The listener is also added to the listener list and previous
   // default_result_printer is removed from it and deleted. The listener can
   // also be NULL in which case it will not be added to the list. Does
   // nothing if the previous and the current listener objects are the same.
   void SetDefaultResultPrinter(TestEventListener* listener);
 
   // Sets the default_xml_generator attribute to the provided listener.  The
   // listener is also added to the listener list and previous
   // default_xml_generator is removed from it and deleted. The listener can
   // also be NULL in which case it will not be added to the list. Does
   // nothing if the previous and the current listener objects are the same.
   void SetDefaultXmlGenerator(TestEventListener* listener);
 
   // Controls whether events will be forwarded by the repeater to the
   // listeners in the list.
   bool EventForwardingEnabled() const;
   void SuppressEventForwarding();
 
   // The actual list of listeners.
   internal::TestEventRepeater* repeater_;
   // Listener responsible for the standard result output.
   TestEventListener* default_result_printer_;
   // Listener responsible for the creation of the XML output file.
   TestEventListener* default_xml_generator_;
 
   // We disallow copying TestEventListeners.
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestEventListeners);
 };
 
 // A UnitTest consists of a vector of TestCases.
 //
 // This is a singleton class.  The only instance of UnitTest is
 // created when UnitTest::GetInstance() is first called.  This
 // instance is never deleted.
 //
 // UnitTest is not copyable.
 //
 // This class is thread-safe as long as the methods are called
 // according to their specification.
 class GTEST_API_ UnitTest {
  public:
   // Gets the singleton UnitTest object.  The first time this method
   // is called, a UnitTest object is constructed and returned.
   // Consecutive calls will return the same object.
   static UnitTest* GetInstance();
 
   // Runs all tests in this UnitTest object and prints the result.
   // Returns 0 if successful, or 1 otherwise.
   //
   // This method can only be called from the main thread.
   //
   // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
   int Run() GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_;
 
   // Returns the working directory when the first TEST() or TEST_F()
   // was executed.  The UnitTest object owns the string.
   const char* original_working_dir() const;
 
   // Returns the TestCase object for the test that's currently running,
   // or NULL if no test is running.
   const TestCase* current_test_case() const
       GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
   // Returns the TestInfo object for the test that's currently running,
   // or NULL if no test is running.
   const TestInfo* current_test_info() const
       GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
   // Returns the random seed used at the start of the current test run.
   int random_seed() const;
 
   // Returns the ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry object used to keep track of
   // value-parameterized tests and instantiate and register them.
   //
   // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
   internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry& parameterized_test_registry()
       GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
   // Gets the number of successful test cases.
   int successful_test_case_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of failed test cases.
   int failed_test_case_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of all test cases.
   int total_test_case_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of all test cases that contain at least one test
   // that should run.
   int test_case_to_run_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of successful tests.
   int successful_test_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of failed tests.
   int failed_test_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
   int reportable_disabled_test_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of disabled tests.
   int disabled_test_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
   int reportable_test_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of all tests.
   int total_test_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of tests that should run.
   int test_to_run_count() const;
 
   // Gets the time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
   // UNIX epoch.
   TimeInMillis start_timestamp() const;
 
   // Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
   TimeInMillis elapsed_time() const;
 
   // Returns true iff the unit test passed (i.e. all test cases passed).
   bool Passed() const;
 
   // Returns true iff the unit test failed (i.e. some test case failed
   // or something outside of all tests failed).
   bool Failed() const;
 
   // Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
   // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
   const TestCase* GetTestCase(int i) const;
 
   // Returns the TestResult containing information on test failures and
   // properties logged outside of individual test cases.
   const TestResult& ad_hoc_test_result() const;
 
   // Returns the list of event listeners that can be used to track events
   // inside Google Test.
   TestEventListeners& listeners();
 
  private:
   // Registers and returns a global test environment.  When a test
   // program is run, all global test environments will be set-up in
   // the order they were registered.  After all tests in the program
   // have finished, all global test environments will be torn-down in
   // the *reverse* order they were registered.
   //
   // The UnitTest object takes ownership of the given environment.
   //
   // This method can only be called from the main thread.
   Environment* AddEnvironment(Environment* env);
 
   // Adds a TestPartResult to the current TestResult object.  All
   // Google Test assertion macros (e.g. ASSERT_TRUE, EXPECT_EQ, etc)
   // eventually call this to report their results.  The user code
   // should use the assertion macros instead of calling this directly.
   void AddTestPartResult(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
                          const char* file_name,
                          int line_number,
                          const std::string& message,
                          const std::string& os_stack_trace)
       GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
   // Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked from
   // inside a test, to current TestCase's ad_hoc_test_result_ when invoked
   // from SetUpTestCase or TearDownTestCase, or to the global property set
   // when invoked elsewhere.  If the result already contains a property with
   // the same key, the value will be updated.
   void RecordProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& value);
 
   // Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
   // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
   TestCase* GetMutableTestCase(int i);
 
   // Accessors for the implementation object.
   internal::UnitTestImpl* impl() { return impl_; }
   const internal::UnitTestImpl* impl() const { return impl_; }
 
   // These classes and functions are friends as they need to access private
   // members of UnitTest.
   friend class ScopedTrace;
   friend class Test;
   friend class internal::AssertHelper;
   friend class internal::StreamingListenerTest;
   friend class internal::UnitTestRecordPropertyTestHelper;
   friend Environment* AddGlobalTestEnvironment(Environment* env);
   friend internal::UnitTestImpl* internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
   friend void internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(
       TestPartResult::Type result_type,
       const std::string& message);
 
   // Creates an empty UnitTest.
   UnitTest();
 
   // D'tor
   virtual ~UnitTest();
 
   // Pushes a trace defined by SCOPED_TRACE() on to the per-thread
   // Google Test trace stack.
   void PushGTestTrace(const internal::TraceInfo& trace)
       GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
   // Pops a trace from the per-thread Google Test trace stack.
   void PopGTestTrace()
       GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
   // Protects mutable state in *impl_.  This is mutable as some const
   // methods need to lock it too.
   mutable internal::Mutex mutex_;
 
   // Opaque implementation object.  This field is never changed once
   // the object is constructed.  We don't mark it as const here, as
   // doing so will cause a warning in the constructor of UnitTest.
   // Mutable state in *impl_ is protected by mutex_.
   internal::UnitTestImpl* impl_;
 
   // We disallow copying UnitTest.
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(UnitTest);
 };
 
 // A convenient wrapper for adding an environment for the test
 // program.
 //
 // You should call this before RUN_ALL_TESTS() is called, probably in
 // main().  If you use gtest_main, you need to call this before main()
 // starts for it to take effect.  For example, you can define a global
 // variable like this:
 //
 //   testing::Environment* const foo_env =
 //       testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new FooEnvironment);
 //
 // However, we strongly recommend you to write your own main() and
 // call AddGlobalTestEnvironment() there, as relying on initialization
 // of global variables makes the code harder to read and may cause
 // problems when you register multiple environments from different
 // translation units and the environments have dependencies among them
 // (remember that the compiler doesn't guarantee the order in which
 // global variables from different translation units are initialized).
 inline Environment* AddGlobalTestEnvironment(Environment* env) {
   return UnitTest::GetInstance()->AddEnvironment(env);
 }
 
 // Initializes Google Test.  This must be called before calling
 // RUN_ALL_TESTS().  In particular, it parses a command line for the
 // flags that Google Test recognizes.  Whenever a Google Test flag is
 // seen, it is removed from argv, and *argc is decremented.
 //
 // No value is returned.  Instead, the Google Test flag variables are
 // updated.
 //
 // Calling the function for the second time has no user-visible effect.
 GTEST_API_ void InitGoogleTest(int* argc, char** argv);
 
 // This overloaded version can be used in Windows programs compiled in
 // UNICODE mode.
 GTEST_API_ void InitGoogleTest(int* argc, wchar_t** argv);
 
 namespace internal {
 
 // Separate the error generating code from the code path to reduce the stack
 // frame size of CmpHelperEQ. This helps reduce the overhead of some sanitizers
 // when calling EXPECT_* in a tight loop.
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
 AssertionResult CmpHelperEQFailure(const char* lhs_expression,
                                    const char* rhs_expression,
                                    const T1& lhs, const T2& rhs) {
   return EqFailure(lhs_expression,
                    rhs_expression,
                    FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(lhs, rhs),
                    FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(rhs, lhs),
                    false);
 }
 
 // The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ.
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
 AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char* lhs_expression,
                             const char* rhs_expression,
                             const T1& lhs,
                             const T2& rhs) {
   if (lhs == rhs) {
     return AssertionSuccess();
   }
 
   return CmpHelperEQFailure(lhs_expression, rhs_expression, lhs, rhs);
 }
 
 // With this overloaded version, we allow anonymous enums to be used
 // in {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ when compiled with gcc 4, as anonymous enums
 // can be implicitly cast to BiggestInt.
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char* lhs_expression,
                                        const char* rhs_expression,
                                        BiggestInt lhs,
                                        BiggestInt rhs);
 
 // The helper class for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ.  The template argument
 // lhs_is_null_literal is true iff the first argument to ASSERT_EQ()
 // is a null pointer literal.  The following default implementation is
 // for lhs_is_null_literal being false.
 template <bool lhs_is_null_literal>
 class EqHelper {
  public:
   // This templatized version is for the general case.
   template <typename T1, typename T2>
   static AssertionResult Compare(const char* lhs_expression,
                                  const char* rhs_expression,
                                  const T1& lhs,
                                  const T2& rhs) {
     return CmpHelperEQ(lhs_expression, rhs_expression, lhs, rhs);
   }
 
   // With this overloaded version, we allow anonymous enums to be used
   // in {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ when compiled with gcc 4, as anonymous
   // enums can be implicitly cast to BiggestInt.
   //
   // Even though its body looks the same as the above version, we
   // cannot merge the two, as it will make anonymous enums unhappy.
   static AssertionResult Compare(const char* lhs_expression,
                                  const char* rhs_expression,
                                  BiggestInt lhs,
                                  BiggestInt rhs) {
     return CmpHelperEQ(lhs_expression, rhs_expression, lhs, rhs);
   }
 };
 
 // This specialization is used when the first argument to ASSERT_EQ()
 // is a null pointer literal, like NULL, false, or 0.
 template <>
 class EqHelper<true> {
  public:
   // We define two overloaded versions of Compare().  The first
   // version will be picked when the second argument to ASSERT_EQ() is
   // NOT a pointer, e.g. ASSERT_EQ(0, AnIntFunction()) or
   // EXPECT_EQ(false, a_bool).
   template <typename T1, typename T2>
   static AssertionResult Compare(
       const char* lhs_expression,
       const char* rhs_expression,
       const T1& lhs,
       const T2& rhs,
       // The following line prevents this overload from being considered if T2
       // is not a pointer type.  We need this because ASSERT_EQ(NULL, my_ptr)
       // expands to Compare("", "", NULL, my_ptr), which requires a conversion
       // to match the Secret* in the other overload, which would otherwise make
       // this template match better.
       typename EnableIf<!is_pointer<T2>::value>::type* = 0) {
     return CmpHelperEQ(lhs_expression, rhs_expression, lhs, rhs);
   }
 
   // This version will be picked when the second argument to ASSERT_EQ() is a
   // pointer, e.g. ASSERT_EQ(NULL, a_pointer).
   template <typename T>
   static AssertionResult Compare(
       const char* lhs_expression,
       const char* rhs_expression,
       // We used to have a second template parameter instead of Secret*.  That
       // template parameter would deduce to 'long', making this a better match
       // than the first overload even without the first overload's EnableIf.
       // Unfortunately, gcc with -Wconversion-null warns when "passing NULL to
       // non-pointer argument" (even a deduced integral argument), so the old
       // implementation caused warnings in user code.
       Secret* /* lhs (NULL) */,
       T* rhs) {
     // We already know that 'lhs' is a null pointer.
     return CmpHelperEQ(lhs_expression, rhs_expression,
                        static_cast<T*>(NULL), rhs);
   }
 };
 
 // Separate the error generating code from the code path to reduce the stack
 // frame size of CmpHelperOP. This helps reduce the overhead of some sanitizers
 // when calling EXPECT_OP in a tight loop.
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
 AssertionResult CmpHelperOpFailure(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
                                    const T1& val1, const T2& val2,
                                    const char* op) {
   return AssertionFailure()
          << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") " << op << " (" << expr2
          << "), actual: " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val1, val2)
          << " vs " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val2, val1);
 }
 
 // A macro for implementing the helper functions needed to implement
 // ASSERT_?? and EXPECT_??.  It is here just to avoid copy-and-paste
 // of similar code.
 //
 // For each templatized helper function, we also define an overloaded
 // version for BiggestInt in order to reduce code bloat and allow
 // anonymous enums to be used with {ASSERT|EXPECT}_?? when compiled
 // with gcc 4.
 //
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
 
 #define GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(op_name, op)\
 template <typename T1, typename T2>\
 AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(const char* expr1, const char* expr2, \
                                    const T1& val1, const T2& val2) {\
   if (val1 op val2) {\
     return AssertionSuccess();\
   } else {\
     return CmpHelperOpFailure(expr1, expr2, val1, val2, #op);\
   }\
 }\
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(\
     const char* expr1, const char* expr2, BiggestInt val1, BiggestInt val2)
 
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
 
 // Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NE
 GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(NE, !=);
 // Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LE
 GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LE, <=);
 // Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LT
 GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LT, <);
 // Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GE
 GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GE, >=);
 // Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GT
 GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GT, >);
 
 #undef GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_
 
 // The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STREQ.
 //
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* s1_expression,
                                           const char* s2_expression,
                                           const char* s1,
                                           const char* s2);
 
 // The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASEEQ.
 //
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ(const char* s1_expression,
                                               const char* s2_expression,
                                               const char* s1,
                                               const char* s2);
 
 // The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRNE.
 //
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char* s1_expression,
                                           const char* s2_expression,
                                           const char* s1,
                                           const char* s2);
 
 // The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASENE.
 //
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASENE(const char* s1_expression,
                                               const char* s2_expression,
                                               const char* s1,
                                               const char* s2);
 
 
 // Helper function for *_STREQ on wide strings.
 //
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* s1_expression,
                                           const char* s2_expression,
                                           const wchar_t* s1,
                                           const wchar_t* s2);
 
 // Helper function for *_STRNE on wide strings.
 //
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char* s1_expression,
                                           const char* s2_expression,
                                           const wchar_t* s1,
                                           const wchar_t* s2);
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
 // IsSubstring() and IsNotSubstring() are intended to be used as the
 // first argument to {EXPECT,ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT2(), not by
 // themselves.  They check whether needle is a substring of haystack
 // (NULL is considered a substring of itself only), and return an
 // appropriate error message when they fail.
 //
 // The {needle,haystack}_expr arguments are the stringified
 // expressions that generated the two real arguments.
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsSubstring(
     const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
     const char* needle, const char* haystack);
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsSubstring(
     const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
     const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack);
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
     const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
     const char* needle, const char* haystack);
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
     const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
     const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack);
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsSubstring(
     const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
     const ::std::string& needle, const ::std::string& haystack);
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
     const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
     const ::std::string& needle, const ::std::string& haystack);
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsSubstring(
     const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
     const ::std::wstring& needle, const ::std::wstring& haystack);
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
     const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
     const ::std::wstring& needle, const ::std::wstring& haystack);
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 
 namespace internal {
 
 // Helper template function for comparing floating-points.
 //
 // Template parameter:
 //
 //   RawType: the raw floating-point type (either float or double)
 //
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
 template <typename RawType>
 AssertionResult CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ(const char* lhs_expression,
                                          const char* rhs_expression,
                                          RawType lhs_value,
                                          RawType rhs_value) {
   const FloatingPoint<RawType> lhs(lhs_value), rhs(rhs_value);
 
   if (lhs.AlmostEquals(rhs)) {
     return AssertionSuccess();
   }
 
   ::std::stringstream lhs_ss;
   lhs_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
          << lhs_value;
 
   ::std::stringstream rhs_ss;
   rhs_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
          << rhs_value;
 
   return EqFailure(lhs_expression,
                    rhs_expression,
                    StringStreamToString(&lhs_ss),
                    StringStreamToString(&rhs_ss),
                    false);
 }
 
 // Helper function for implementing ASSERT_NEAR.
 //
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult DoubleNearPredFormat(const char* expr1,
                                                 const char* expr2,
                                                 const char* abs_error_expr,
                                                 double val1,
                                                 double val2,
                                                 double abs_error);
 
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
 // A class that enables one to stream messages to assertion macros
 class GTEST_API_ AssertHelper {
  public:
   // Constructor.
   AssertHelper(TestPartResult::Type type,
                const char* file,
                int line,
                const char* message);
   ~AssertHelper();
 
   // Message assignment is a semantic trick to enable assertion
   // streaming; see the GTEST_MESSAGE_ macro below.
   void operator=(const Message& message) const;
 
  private:
   // We put our data in a struct so that the size of the AssertHelper class can
   // be as small as possible.  This is important because gcc is incapable of
   // re-using stack space even for temporary variables, so every EXPECT_EQ
   // reserves stack space for another AssertHelper.
   struct AssertHelperData {
     AssertHelperData(TestPartResult::Type t,
                      const char* srcfile,
                      int line_num,
                      const char* msg)
         : type(t), file(srcfile), line(line_num), message(msg) { }
 
     TestPartResult::Type const type;
     const char* const file;
     int const line;
     std::string const message;
 
    private:
     GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(AssertHelperData);
   };
 
   AssertHelperData* const data_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(AssertHelper);
 };
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
 // The pure interface class that all value-parameterized tests inherit from.
 // A value-parameterized class must inherit from both ::testing::Test and
 // ::testing::WithParamInterface. In most cases that just means inheriting
 // from ::testing::TestWithParam, but more complicated test hierarchies
 // may need to inherit from Test and WithParamInterface at different levels.
 //
 // This interface has support for accessing the test parameter value via
 // the GetParam() method.
 //
 // Use it with one of the parameter generator defining functions, like Range(),
 // Values(), ValuesIn(), Bool(), and Combine().
 //
 // class FooTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<int> {
 //  protected:
 //   FooTest() {
 //     // Can use GetParam() here.
 //   }
 //   virtual ~FooTest() {
 //     // Can use GetParam() here.
 //   }
 //   virtual void SetUp() {
 //     // Can use GetParam() here.
 //   }
 //   virtual void TearDown {
 //     // Can use GetParam() here.
 //   }
 // };
 // TEST_P(FooTest, DoesBar) {
 //   // Can use GetParam() method here.
 //   Foo foo;
 //   ASSERT_TRUE(foo.DoesBar(GetParam()));
 // }
 // INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(OneToTenRange, FooTest, ::testing::Range(1, 10));
 
 template <typename T>
 class WithParamInterface {
  public:
   typedef T ParamType;
   virtual ~WithParamInterface() {}
 
   // The current parameter value. Is also available in the test fixture's
   // constructor. This member function is non-static, even though it only
   // references static data, to reduce the opportunity for incorrect uses
   // like writing 'WithParamInterface<bool>::GetParam()' for a test that
   // uses a fixture whose parameter type is int.
   const ParamType& GetParam() const {
     GTEST_CHECK_(parameter_ != NULL)
         << "GetParam() can only be called inside a value-parameterized test "
         << "-- did you intend to write TEST_P instead of TEST_F?";
     return *parameter_;
   }
 
  private:
   // Sets parameter value. The caller is responsible for making sure the value
   // remains alive and unchanged throughout the current test.
   static void SetParam(const ParamType* parameter) {
     parameter_ = parameter;
   }
 
   // Static value used for accessing parameter during a test lifetime.
   static const ParamType* parameter_;
 
   // TestClass must be a subclass of WithParamInterface<T> and Test.
   template <class TestClass> friend class internal::ParameterizedTestFactory;
 };
 
 template <typename T>
 const T* WithParamInterface<T>::parameter_ = NULL;
 
 // Most value-parameterized classes can ignore the existence of
 // WithParamInterface, and can just inherit from ::testing::TestWithParam.
 
 template <typename T>
 class TestWithParam : public Test, public WithParamInterface<T> {
 };
 
 // Macros for indicating success/failure in test code.
 
 // ADD_FAILURE unconditionally adds a failure to the current test.
 // SUCCEED generates a success - it doesn't automatically make the
 // current test successful, as a test is only successful when it has
 // no failure.
 //
 // EXPECT_* verifies that a certain condition is satisfied.  If not,
 // it behaves like ADD_FAILURE.  In particular:
 //
 //   EXPECT_TRUE  verifies that a Boolean condition is true.
 //   EXPECT_FALSE verifies that a Boolean condition is false.
 //
 // FAIL and ASSERT_* are similar to ADD_FAILURE and EXPECT_*, except
 // that they will also abort the current function on failure.  People
 // usually want the fail-fast behavior of FAIL and ASSERT_*, but those
 // writing data-driven tests often find themselves using ADD_FAILURE
 // and EXPECT_* more.
 
 // Generates a nonfatal failure with a generic message.
 #define ADD_FAILURE() GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_("Failed")
 
 // Generates a nonfatal failure at the given source file location with
 // a generic message.
 #define ADD_FAILURE_AT(file, line) \
   GTEST_MESSAGE_AT_(file, line, "Failed", \
                     ::testing::TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure)
 
 // Generates a fatal failure with a generic message.
 #define GTEST_FAIL() GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_("Failed")
 
 // Define this macro to 1 to omit the definition of FAIL(), which is a
 // generic name and clashes with some other libraries.
 #if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_FAIL
 # define FAIL() GTEST_FAIL()
 #endif
 
 // Generates a success with a generic message.
 #define GTEST_SUCCEED() GTEST_SUCCESS_("Succeeded")
 
 // Define this macro to 1 to omit the definition of SUCCEED(), which
 // is a generic name and clashes with some other libraries.
 #if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_SUCCEED
 # define SUCCEED() GTEST_SUCCEED()
 #endif
 
 // Macros for testing exceptions.
 //
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_THROW(statement, expected_exception):
 //         Tests that the statement throws the expected exception.
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NO_THROW(statement):
 //         Tests that the statement doesn't throw any exception.
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_ANY_THROW(statement):
 //         Tests that the statement throws an exception.
 
 #define EXPECT_THROW(statement, expected_exception) \
   GTEST_TEST_THROW_(statement, expected_exception, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
 #define EXPECT_NO_THROW(statement) \
   GTEST_TEST_NO_THROW_(statement, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
 #define EXPECT_ANY_THROW(statement) \
   GTEST_TEST_ANY_THROW_(statement, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
 #define ASSERT_THROW(statement, expected_exception) \
   GTEST_TEST_THROW_(statement, expected_exception, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
 #define ASSERT_NO_THROW(statement) \
   GTEST_TEST_NO_THROW_(statement, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
 #define ASSERT_ANY_THROW(statement) \
   GTEST_TEST_ANY_THROW_(statement, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
 
 // Boolean assertions. Condition can be either a Boolean expression or an
 // AssertionResult. For more information on how to use AssertionResult with
 // these macros see comments on that class.
 #define EXPECT_TRUE(condition) \
   GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_(condition, #condition, false, true, \
                       GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
 #define EXPECT_FALSE(condition) \
   GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_(!(condition), #condition, true, false, \
                       GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
 #define ASSERT_TRUE(condition) \
   GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_(condition, #condition, false, true, \
                       GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
 #define ASSERT_FALSE(condition) \
   GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_(!(condition), #condition, true, false, \
                       GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
 
 // Macros for testing equalities and inequalities.
 //
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ(v1, v2): Tests that v1 == v2
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NE(v1, v2): Tests that v1 != v2
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LT(v1, v2): Tests that v1 < v2
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LE(v1, v2): Tests that v1 <= v2
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GT(v1, v2): Tests that v1 > v2
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GE(v1, v2): Tests that v1 >= v2
 //
 // When they are not, Google Test prints both the tested expressions and
 // their actual values.  The values must be compatible built-in types,
 // or you will get a compiler error.  By "compatible" we mean that the
 // values can be compared by the respective operator.
 //
 // Note:
 //
 //   1. It is possible to make a user-defined type work with
 //   {ASSERT|EXPECT}_??(), but that requires overloading the
 //   comparison operators and is thus discouraged by the Google C++
 //   Usage Guide.  Therefore, you are advised to use the
 //   {ASSERT|EXPECT}_TRUE() macro to assert that two objects are
 //   equal.
 //
 //   2. The {ASSERT|EXPECT}_??() macros do pointer comparisons on
 //   pointers (in particular, C strings).  Therefore, if you use it
 //   with two C strings, you are testing how their locations in memory
 //   are related, not how their content is related.  To compare two C
 //   strings by content, use {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STR*().
 //
 //   3. {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ(v1, v2) is preferred to
 //   {ASSERT|EXPECT}_TRUE(v1 == v2), as the former tells you
 //   what the actual value is when it fails, and similarly for the
 //   other comparisons.
 //
 //   4. Do not depend on the order in which {ASSERT|EXPECT}_??()
 //   evaluate their arguments, which is undefined.
 //
 //   5. These macros evaluate their arguments exactly once.
 //
 // Examples:
 //
 //   EXPECT_NE(Foo(), 5);
 //   EXPECT_EQ(a_pointer, NULL);
 //   ASSERT_LT(i, array_size);
 //   ASSERT_GT(records.size(), 0) << "There is no record left.";
 
 #define EXPECT_EQ(val1, val2) \
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal:: \
                       EqHelper<GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(val1)>::Compare, \
                       val1, val2)
 #define EXPECT_NE(val1, val2) \
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperNE, val1, val2)
 #define EXPECT_LE(val1, val2) \
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperLE, val1, val2)
 #define EXPECT_LT(val1, val2) \
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperLT, val1, val2)
 #define EXPECT_GE(val1, val2) \
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperGE, val1, val2)
 #define EXPECT_GT(val1, val2) \
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperGT, val1, val2)
 
 #define GTEST_ASSERT_EQ(val1, val2) \
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal:: \
                       EqHelper<GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(val1)>::Compare, \
                       val1, val2)
 #define GTEST_ASSERT_NE(val1, val2) \
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperNE, val1, val2)
 #define GTEST_ASSERT_LE(val1, val2) \
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperLE, val1, val2)
 #define GTEST_ASSERT_LT(val1, val2) \
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperLT, val1, val2)
 #define GTEST_ASSERT_GE(val1, val2) \
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperGE, val1, val2)
 #define GTEST_ASSERT_GT(val1, val2) \
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperGT, val1, val2)
 
 // Define macro GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_XY to 1 to omit the definition of
 // ASSERT_XY(), which clashes with some users' own code.
 
 #if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_EQ
 # define ASSERT_EQ(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_EQ(val1, val2)
 #endif
 
 #if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_NE
 # define ASSERT_NE(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_NE(val1, val2)
 #endif
 
 #if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_LE
 # define ASSERT_LE(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_LE(val1, val2)
 #endif
 
 #if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_LT
 # define ASSERT_LT(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_LT(val1, val2)
 #endif
 
 #if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_GE
 # define ASSERT_GE(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_GE(val1, val2)
 #endif
 
 #if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_GT
 # define ASSERT_GT(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_GT(val1, val2)
 #endif
 
 // C-string Comparisons.  All tests treat NULL and any non-NULL string
 // as different.  Two NULLs are equal.
 //
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STREQ(s1, s2):     Tests that s1 == s2
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRNE(s1, s2):     Tests that s1 != s2
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASEEQ(s1, s2): Tests that s1 == s2, ignoring case
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASENE(s1, s2): Tests that s1 != s2, ignoring case
 //
 // For wide or narrow string objects, you can use the
 // {ASSERT|EXPECT}_??() macros.
 //
 // Don't depend on the order in which the arguments are evaluated,
 // which is undefined.
 //
 // These macros evaluate their arguments exactly once.
 
 #define EXPECT_STREQ(s1, s2) \
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTREQ, s1, s2)
 #define EXPECT_STRNE(s1, s2) \
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRNE, s1, s2)
 #define EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(s1, s2) \
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ, s1, s2)
 #define EXPECT_STRCASENE(s1, s2)\
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRCASENE, s1, s2)
 
 #define ASSERT_STREQ(s1, s2) \
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTREQ, s1, s2)
 #define ASSERT_STRNE(s1, s2) \
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRNE, s1, s2)
 #define ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(s1, s2) \
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ, s1, s2)
 #define ASSERT_STRCASENE(s1, s2)\
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRCASENE, s1, s2)
 
 // Macros for comparing floating-point numbers.
 //
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_FLOAT_EQ(val1, val2):
 //         Tests that two float values are almost equal.
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_DOUBLE_EQ(val1, val2):
 //         Tests that two double values are almost equal.
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NEAR(v1, v2, abs_error):
 //         Tests that v1 and v2 are within the given distance to each other.
 //
 // Google Test uses ULP-based comparison to automatically pick a default
 // error bound that is appropriate for the operands.  See the
 // FloatingPoint template class in gtest-internal.h if you are
 // interested in the implementation details.
 
 #define EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(val1, val2)\
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ<float>, \
                       val1, val2)
 
 #define EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(val1, val2)\
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ<double>, \
                       val1, val2)
 
 #define ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(val1, val2)\
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ<float>, \
                       val1, val2)
 
 #define ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(val1, val2)\
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ<double>, \
                       val1, val2)
 
 #define EXPECT_NEAR(val1, val2, abs_error)\
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(::testing::internal::DoubleNearPredFormat, \
                       val1, val2, abs_error)
 
 #define ASSERT_NEAR(val1, val2, abs_error)\
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3(::testing::internal::DoubleNearPredFormat, \
                       val1, val2, abs_error)
 
 // These predicate format functions work on floating-point values, and
 // can be used in {ASSERT|EXPECT}_PRED_FORMAT2*(), e.g.
 //
 //   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::DoubleLE, Foo(), 5.0);
 
 // Asserts that val1 is less than, or almost equal to, val2.  Fails
 // otherwise.  In particular, it fails if either val1 or val2 is NaN.
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult FloatLE(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
                                    float val1, float val2);
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult DoubleLE(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
                                     double val1, double val2);
 
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 // Macros that test for HRESULT failure and success, these are only useful
 // on Windows, and rely on Windows SDK macros and APIs to compile.
 //
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_HRESULT_{SUCCEEDED|FAILED}(expr)
 //
 // When expr unexpectedly fails or succeeds, Google Test prints the
 // expected result and the actual result with both a human-readable
 // string representation of the error, if available, as well as the
 // hex result code.
 # define EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(expr) \
     EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(::testing::internal::IsHRESULTSuccess, (expr))
 
 # define ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(expr) \
     ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(::testing::internal::IsHRESULTSuccess, (expr))
 
 # define EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED(expr) \
     EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(::testing::internal::IsHRESULTFailure, (expr))
 
 # define ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED(expr) \
     ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(::testing::internal::IsHRESULTFailure, (expr))
 
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 // Macros that execute statement and check that it doesn't generate new fatal
 // failures in the current thread.
 //
 //   * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(statement);
 //
 // Examples:
 //
 //   EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Process());
 //   ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Process()) << "Process() failed";
 //
 #define ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(statement) \
     GTEST_TEST_NO_FATAL_FAILURE_(statement, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
 #define EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(statement) \
     GTEST_TEST_NO_FATAL_FAILURE_(statement, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
 
 // Causes a trace (including the given source file path and line number,
 // and the given message) to be included in every test failure message generated
 // by code in the scope of the lifetime of an instance of this class. The effect
 // is undone with the destruction of the instance.
 //
 // The message argument can be anything streamable to std::ostream.
 //
 // Example:
 //   testing::ScopedTrace trace("file.cc", 123, "message");
 //
 class GTEST_API_ ScopedTrace {
  public:
   // The c'tor pushes the given source file location and message onto
   // a trace stack maintained by Google Test.
 
   // Template version. Uses Message() to convert the values into strings.
   // Slow, but flexible.
   template <typename T>
   ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const T& message) {
     PushTrace(file, line, (Message() << message).GetString());
   }
 
   // Optimize for some known types.
   ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const char* message) {
     PushTrace(file, line, message ? message : "(null)");
   }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
   ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const ::string& message) {
     PushTrace(file, line, message);
   }
 #endif
 
   ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const std::string& message) {
     PushTrace(file, line, message);
   }
 
   // The d'tor pops the info pushed by the c'tor.
   //
   // Note that the d'tor is not virtual in order to be efficient.
   // Don't inherit from ScopedTrace!
   ~ScopedTrace();
 
  private:
   void PushTrace(const char* file, int line, std::string message);
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ScopedTrace);
 } GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;  // A ScopedTrace object does its job in its
                             // c'tor and d'tor.  Therefore it doesn't
                             // need to be used otherwise.
 
 // Causes a trace (including the source file path, the current line
 // number, and the given message) to be included in every test failure
 // message generated by code in the current scope.  The effect is
 // undone when the control leaves the current scope.
 //
 // The message argument can be anything streamable to std::ostream.
 //
 // In the implementation, we include the current line number as part
 // of the dummy variable name, thus allowing multiple SCOPED_TRACE()s
 // to appear in the same block - as long as they are on different
 // lines.
 //
 // Assuming that each thread maintains its own stack of traces.
 // Therefore, a SCOPED_TRACE() would (correctly) only affect the
 // assertions in its own thread.
 #define SCOPED_TRACE(message) \
   ::testing::ScopedTrace GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_trace_, __LINE__)(\
     __FILE__, __LINE__, (message))
 
 
 // Compile-time assertion for type equality.
 // StaticAssertTypeEq<type1, type2>() compiles iff type1 and type2 are
 // the same type.  The value it returns is not interesting.
 //
 // Instead of making StaticAssertTypeEq a class template, we make it a
 // function template that invokes a helper class template.  This
 // prevents a user from misusing StaticAssertTypeEq<T1, T2> by
 // defining objects of that type.
 //
 // CAVEAT:
 //
 // When used inside a method of a class template,
 // StaticAssertTypeEq<T1, T2>() is effective ONLY IF the method is
 // instantiated.  For example, given:
 //
 //   template <typename T> class Foo {
 //    public:
 //     void Bar() { testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<int, T>(); }
 //   };
 //
 // the code:
 //
 //   void Test1() { Foo<bool> foo; }
 //
 // will NOT generate a compiler error, as Foo<bool>::Bar() is never
 // actually instantiated.  Instead, you need:
 //
 //   void Test2() { Foo<bool> foo; foo.Bar(); }
 //
 // to cause a compiler error.
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
 bool StaticAssertTypeEq() {
   (void)internal::StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<T1, T2>();
   return true;
 }
 
 // Defines a test.
 //
 // The first parameter is the name of the test case, and the second
 // parameter is the name of the test within the test case.
 //
 // The convention is to end the test case name with "Test".  For
 // example, a test case for the Foo class can be named FooTest.
 //
 // Test code should appear between braces after an invocation of
 // this macro.  Example:
 //
 //   TEST(FooTest, InitializesCorrectly) {
 //     Foo foo;
 //     EXPECT_TRUE(foo.StatusIsOK());
 //   }
 
 // Note that we call GetTestTypeId() instead of GetTypeId<
 // ::testing::Test>() here to get the type ID of testing::Test.  This
 // is to work around a suspected linker bug when using Google Test as
 // a framework on Mac OS X.  The bug causes GetTypeId<
 // ::testing::Test>() to return different values depending on whether
 // the call is from the Google Test framework itself or from user test
 // code.  GetTestTypeId() is guaranteed to always return the same
 // value, as it always calls GetTypeId<>() from the Google Test
 // framework.
 #define GTEST_TEST(test_case_name, test_name)\
   GTEST_TEST_(test_case_name, test_name, \
               ::testing::Test, ::testing::internal::GetTestTypeId())
 
 // Define this macro to 1 to omit the definition of TEST(), which
 // is a generic name and clashes with some other libraries.
 #if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_TEST
 # define TEST(test_case_name, test_name) GTEST_TEST(test_case_name, test_name)
 #endif
 
 // Defines a test that uses a test fixture.
 //
 // The first parameter is the name of the test fixture class, which
 // also doubles as the test case name.  The second parameter is the
 // name of the test within the test case.
 //
 // A test fixture class must be declared earlier.  The user should put
 // the test code between braces after using this macro.  Example:
 //
 //   class FooTest : public testing::Test {
 //    protected:
 //     virtual void SetUp() { b_.AddElement(3); }
 //
 //     Foo a_;
 //     Foo b_;
 //   };
 //
 //   TEST_F(FooTest, InitializesCorrectly) {
 //     EXPECT_TRUE(a_.StatusIsOK());
 //   }
 //
 //   TEST_F(FooTest, ReturnsElementCountCorrectly) {
 //     EXPECT_EQ(a_.size(), 0);
 //     EXPECT_EQ(b_.size(), 1);
 //   }
 
 #define TEST_F(test_fixture, test_name)\
   GTEST_TEST_(test_fixture, test_name, test_fixture, \
               ::testing::internal::GetTypeId<test_fixture>())
 
 // Returns a path to temporary directory.
 // Tries to determine an appropriate directory for the platform.
 GTEST_API_ std::string TempDir();
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 #  pragma warning(pop)
 #endif
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
 // Use this function in main() to run all tests.  It returns 0 if all
 // tests are successful, or 1 otherwise.
 //
 // RUN_ALL_TESTS() should be invoked after the command line has been
 // parsed by InitGoogleTest().
 //
 // This function was formerly a macro; thus, it is in the global
 // namespace and has an all-caps name.
 int RUN_ALL_TESTS() GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_;
 
 inline int RUN_ALL_TESTS() {
   return ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->Run();
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
index e677cd97..fafb134b 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
@@ -1,2686 +1,2687 @@
 // Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
 // All rights reserved.
 //
 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 // met:
 //
 //     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 //     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
 // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 // distribution.
 //     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
 // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 // this software without specific prior written permission.
 //
 // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
 // Authors: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
 //
 // Low-level types and utilities for porting Google Test to various
 // platforms.  All macros ending with _ and symbols defined in an
 // internal namespace are subject to change without notice.  Code
 // outside Google Test MUST NOT USE THEM DIRECTLY.  Macros that don't
 // end with _ are part of Google Test's public API and can be used by
 // code outside Google Test.
 //
 // This file is fundamental to Google Test.  All other Google Test source
 // files are expected to #include this.  Therefore, it cannot #include
 // any other Google Test header.
 
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
 
 // Environment-describing macros
 // -----------------------------
 //
 // Google Test can be used in many different environments.  Macros in
 // this section tell Google Test what kind of environment it is being
 // used in, such that Google Test can provide environment-specific
 // features and implementations.
 //
 // Google Test tries to automatically detect the properties of its
 // environment, so users usually don't need to worry about these
 // macros.  However, the automatic detection is not perfect.
 // Sometimes it's necessary for a user to define some of the following
 // macros in the build script to override Google Test's decisions.
 //
 // If the user doesn't define a macro in the list, Google Test will
 // provide a default definition.  After this header is #included, all
 // macros in this list will be defined to either 1 or 0.
 //
 // Notes to maintainers:
 //   - Each macro here is a user-tweakable knob; do not grow the list
 //     lightly.
 //   - Use #if to key off these macros.  Don't use #ifdef or "#if
 //     defined(...)", which will not work as these macros are ALWAYS
 //     defined.
 //
 //   GTEST_HAS_CLONE          - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that clone(2)
 //                              is/isn't available.
 //   GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS     - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that exceptions
 //                              are enabled.
 //   GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING  - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that ::string
 //                              is/isn't available
 //   GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that ::wstring
 //                              is/isn't available
 //   GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE       - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that POSIX regular
 //                              expressions are/aren't available.
 //   GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD        - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that <pthread.h>
 //                              is/isn't available.
 //   GTEST_HAS_RTTI           - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that RTTI is/isn't
 //                              enabled.
 //   GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING    - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that
 //                              std::wstring does/doesn't work (Google Test can
 //                              be used where std::wstring is unavailable).
 //   GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE      - Define it to 1/0 to indicate tr1::tuple
 //                              is/isn't available.
 //   GTEST_HAS_SEH            - Define it to 1/0 to indicate whether the
 //                              compiler supports Microsoft's "Structured
 //                              Exception Handling".
 //   GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 //                            - Define it to 1/0 to indicate whether the
 //                              platform supports I/O stream redirection using
 //                              dup() and dup2().
 //   GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE  - Define it to 1/0 to indicate whether Google
 //                              Test's own tr1 tuple implementation should be
 //                              used.  Unused when the user sets
 //                              GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE to 0.
 //   GTEST_LANG_CXX11         - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that Google Test
 //                              is building in C++11/C++98 mode.
 //   GTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY
 //                            - Define to 1 when compiling tests that use
 //                              Google Test as a shared library (known as
 //                              DLL on Windows).
 //   GTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY
 //                            - Define to 1 when compiling Google Test itself
 //                              as a shared library.
 //   GTEST_DEFAULT_DEATH_TEST_STYLE
 //                            - The default value of --gtest_death_test_style.
 //                              The legacy default has been "fast" in the open
 //                              source version since 2008. The recommended value
 //                              is "threadsafe", and can be set in
 //                              custom/gtest-port.h.
 
 // Platform-indicating macros
 // --------------------------
 //
 // Macros indicating the platform on which Google Test is being used
 // (a macro is defined to 1 if compiled on the given platform;
 // otherwise UNDEFINED -- it's never defined to 0.).  Google Test
 // defines these macros automatically.  Code outside Google Test MUST
 // NOT define them.
 //
 //   GTEST_OS_AIX      - IBM AIX
 //   GTEST_OS_CYGWIN   - Cygwin
 //   GTEST_OS_FREEBSD  - FreeBSD
 //   GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA  - Fuchsia
 //   GTEST_OS_HPUX     - HP-UX
 //   GTEST_OS_LINUX    - Linux
 //     GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID - Google Android
 //   GTEST_OS_MAC      - Mac OS X
 //     GTEST_OS_IOS    - iOS
 //   GTEST_OS_NACL     - Google Native Client (NaCl)
 //   GTEST_OS_NETBSD   - NetBSD
 //   GTEST_OS_OPENBSD  - OpenBSD
 //   GTEST_OS_QNX      - QNX
 //   GTEST_OS_SOLARIS  - Sun Solaris
 //   GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN  - Symbian
 //   GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  - Windows (Desktop, MinGW, or Mobile)
 //     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP  - Windows Desktop
 //     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW    - MinGW
 //     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE   - Windows Mobile
 //     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE    - Windows Phone
 //     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT       - Windows Store App/WinRT
 //   GTEST_OS_ZOS      - z/OS
 //
 // Among the platforms, Cygwin, Linux, Max OS X, and Windows have the
 // most stable support.  Since core members of the Google Test project
 // don't have access to other platforms, support for them may be less
 // stable.  If you notice any problems on your platform, please notify
 // googletestframework@googlegroups.com (patches for fixing them are
 // even more welcome!).
 //
 // It is possible that none of the GTEST_OS_* macros are defined.
 
 // Feature-indicating macros
 // -------------------------
 //
 // Macros indicating which Google Test features are available (a macro
 // is defined to 1 if the corresponding feature is supported;
 // otherwise UNDEFINED -- it's never defined to 0.).  Google Test
 // defines these macros automatically.  Code outside Google Test MUST
 // NOT define them.
 //
 // These macros are public so that portable tests can be written.
 // Such tests typically surround code using a feature with an #if
 // which controls that code.  For example:
 //
 // #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 //   EXPECT_DEATH(DoSomethingDeadly());
 // #endif
 //
 //   GTEST_HAS_COMBINE      - the Combine() function (for value-parameterized
 //                            tests)
 //   GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST   - death tests
 //   GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST   - typed tests
 //   GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P - type-parameterized tests
 //   GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE    - Google Test is thread-safe.
 //   GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE    - enhanced POSIX regex is used. Do not confuse with
 //                            GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (see above) which users can
 //                            define themselves.
 //   GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE   - our own simple regex is used;
 //                            the above RE\b(s) are mutually exclusive.
 //   GTEST_CAN_COMPARE_NULL - accepts untyped NULL in EXPECT_EQ().
 
 // Misc public macros
 // ------------------
 //
 //   GTEST_FLAG(flag_name)  - references the variable corresponding to
 //                            the given Google Test flag.
 
 // Internal utilities
 // ------------------
 //
 // The following macros and utilities are for Google Test's INTERNAL
 // use only.  Code outside Google Test MUST NOT USE THEM DIRECTLY.
 //
 // Macros for basic C++ coding:
 //   GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ - for disabling a gcc warning.
 //   GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_  - declares that a class' instances or a
 //                              variable don't have to be used.
 //   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_   - disables operator=.
 //   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_ - disables copy ctor and operator=.
 //   GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_   - declares that a function's result must be used.
 //   GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_ - start code section where MSVC C4127 is
 //                                        suppressed (constant conditional).
 //   GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_  - finish code section where MSVC C4127
 //                                        is suppressed.
 //
 // C++11 feature wrappers:
 //
 //   testing::internal::forward - portability wrapper for std::forward.
 //   testing::internal::move  - portability wrapper for std::move.
 //
 // Synchronization:
 //   Mutex, MutexLock, ThreadLocal, GetThreadCount()
 //                            - synchronization primitives.
 //
 // Template meta programming:
 //   is_pointer     - as in TR1; needed on Symbian and IBM XL C/C++ only.
 //   IteratorTraits - partial implementation of std::iterator_traits, which
 //                    is not available in libCstd when compiled with Sun C++.
 //
 // Smart pointers:
 //   scoped_ptr     - as in TR2.
 //
 // Regular expressions:
 //   RE             - a simple regular expression class using the POSIX
 //                    Extended Regular Expression syntax on UNIX-like platforms
 //                    or a reduced regular exception syntax on other
 //                    platforms, including Windows.
 // Logging:
 //   GTEST_LOG_()   - logs messages at the specified severity level.
 //   LogToStderr()  - directs all log messages to stderr.
 //   FlushInfoLog() - flushes informational log messages.
 //
 // Stdout and stderr capturing:
 //   CaptureStdout()     - starts capturing stdout.
 //   GetCapturedStdout() - stops capturing stdout and returns the captured
 //                         string.
 //   CaptureStderr()     - starts capturing stderr.
 //   GetCapturedStderr() - stops capturing stderr and returns the captured
 //                         string.
 //
 // Integer types:
 //   TypeWithSize   - maps an integer to a int type.
 //   Int32, UInt32, Int64, UInt64, TimeInMillis
 //                  - integers of known sizes.
 //   BiggestInt     - the biggest signed integer type.
 //
 // Command-line utilities:
 //   GTEST_DECLARE_*()  - declares a flag.
 //   GTEST_DEFINE_*()   - defines a flag.
 //   GetInjectableArgvs() - returns the command line as a vector of strings.
 //
 // Environment variable utilities:
 //   GetEnv()             - gets the value of an environment variable.
 //   BoolFromGTestEnv()   - parses a bool environment variable.
 //   Int32FromGTestEnv()  - parses an Int32 environment variable.
 //   StringFromGTestEnv() - parses a string environment variable.
 
 #include <ctype.h>   // for isspace, etc
 #include <stddef.h>  // for ptrdiff_t
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #ifndef _WIN32_WCE
 # include <sys/types.h>
 # include <sys/stat.h>
 #endif  // !_WIN32_WCE
 
 #if defined __APPLE__
 # include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
 # include <TargetConditionals.h>
 #endif
 
 // Brings in the definition of HAS_GLOBAL_STRING.  This must be done
 // BEFORE we test HAS_GLOBAL_STRING.
 #include <string>  // NOLINT
 #include <algorithm>  // NOLINT
 #include <iostream>  // NOLINT
 #include <sstream>  // NOLINT
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>  // NOLINT
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port-arch.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/custom/gtest-port.h"
 
 #if !defined(GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_)
 # define GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_ "googletestframework@@googlegroups.com"
 # define GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "gtest_"
 # define GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_DASH_ "gtest-"
 # define GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "GTEST_"
 # define GTEST_NAME_ "Google Test"
 # define GTEST_PROJECT_URL_ "https://github.com/google/googletest/"
 #endif  // !defined(GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_)
 
 #if !defined(GTEST_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_NAME_)
 # define GTEST_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_NAME_ "testing::InitGoogleTest"
 #endif  // !defined(GTEST_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_NAME_)
 
 // Determines the version of gcc that is used to compile this.
 #ifdef __GNUC__
 // 40302 means version 4.3.2.
 # define GTEST_GCC_VER_ \
     (__GNUC__*10000 + __GNUC_MINOR__*100 + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
 #endif  // __GNUC__
 
 // Macros for disabling Microsoft Visual C++ warnings.
 //
 //   GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4800 4385)
 //   /* code that triggers warnings C4800 and C4385 */
 //   GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 #if _MSC_VER >= 1500
 # define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(warnings) \
     __pragma(warning(push))                        \
     __pragma(warning(disable: warnings))
 # define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()          \
     __pragma(warning(pop))
 #else
 // Older versions of MSVC don't have __pragma.
 # define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(warnings)
 # define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 #endif
 
 #ifndef GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 // gcc and clang define __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__ when
 // -std={c,gnu}++{0x,11} is passed.  The C++11 standard specifies a
 // value for __cplusplus, and recent versions of clang, gcc, and
 // probably other compilers set that too in C++11 mode.
 # if __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__ || __cplusplus >= 201103L || _MSC_VER >= 1900
 // Compiling in at least C++11 mode.
 #  define GTEST_LANG_CXX11 1
 # else
 #  define GTEST_LANG_CXX11 0
 # endif
 #endif
 
 // Distinct from C++11 language support, some environments don't provide
 // proper C++11 library support. Notably, it's possible to build in
 // C++11 mode when targeting Mac OS X 10.6, which has an old libstdc++
 // with no C++11 support.
 //
 // libstdc++ has sufficient C++11 support as of GCC 4.6.0, __GLIBCXX__
 // 20110325, but maintenance releases in the 4.4 and 4.5 series followed
 // this date, so check for those versions by their date stamps.
 // https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/abi.html#abi.versioning
 #if GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && \
     (!defined(__GLIBCXX__) || ( \
         __GLIBCXX__ >= 20110325ul &&  /* GCC >= 4.6.0 */ \
         /* Blacklist of patch releases of older branches: */ \
         __GLIBCXX__ != 20110416ul &&  /* GCC 4.4.6 */ \
         __GLIBCXX__ != 20120313ul &&  /* GCC 4.4.7 */ \
         __GLIBCXX__ != 20110428ul &&  /* GCC 4.5.3 */ \
         __GLIBCXX__ != 20120702ul))   /* GCC 4.5.4 */
 # define GTEST_STDLIB_CXX11 1
 #endif
 
 // Only use C++11 library features if the library provides them.
 #if GTEST_STDLIB_CXX11
 # define GTEST_HAS_STD_BEGIN_AND_END_ 1
 # define GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_ 1
 # if !defined(_MSC_VER) || (_MSC_FULL_VER >= 190023824)
 // works only with VS2015U2 and better
 #   define GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ 1
 # endif
 # define GTEST_HAS_STD_INITIALIZER_LIST_ 1
 # define GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_ 1
 # define GTEST_HAS_STD_UNIQUE_PTR_ 1
 # define GTEST_HAS_STD_SHARED_PTR_ 1
 # define GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_MAP_ 1
 # define GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_SET_ 1
 #endif
 
 // C++11 specifies that <tuple> provides std::tuple.
 // Some platforms still might not have it, however.
 #if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 # define GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_ 1
 # if defined(__clang__)
 // Inspired by http://clang.llvm.org/docs/LanguageExtensions.html#__has_include
 #  if defined(__has_include) && !__has_include(<tuple>)
 #   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 #  endif
 # elif defined(_MSC_VER)
 // Inspired by boost/config/stdlib/dinkumware.hpp
 #  if defined(_CPPLIB_VER) && _CPPLIB_VER < 520
 #   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 #  endif
 # elif defined(__GLIBCXX__)
 // Inspired by boost/config/stdlib/libstdcpp3.hpp,
 // http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.2/changes.html and
 // http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/bk01pt01ch01.html#manual.intro.status.standard.200x
 #  if __GNUC__ < 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 2)
 #   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 #  endif
 # endif
 #endif
 
 // Brings in definitions for functions used in the testing::internal::posix
 // namespace (read, write, close, chdir, isatty, stat). We do not currently
 // use them on Windows Mobile.
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 # if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 #  include <direct.h>
 #  include <io.h>
 # endif
 // In order to avoid having to include <windows.h>, use forward declaration
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW && !defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR)
 // MinGW defined _CRITICAL_SECTION and _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION as two
 // separate (equivalent) structs, instead of using typedef
 typedef struct _CRITICAL_SECTION GTEST_CRITICAL_SECTION;
 #else
 // Assume CRITICAL_SECTION is a typedef of _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION.
 // This assumption is verified by
 // WindowsTypesTest.CRITICAL_SECTIONIs_RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION.
 typedef struct _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION GTEST_CRITICAL_SECTION;
 #endif
 #else
 // This assumes that non-Windows OSes provide unistd.h. For OSes where this
 // is not the case, we need to include headers that provide the functions
 // mentioned above.
 # include <unistd.h>
 # include <strings.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 #if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
 // Used to define __ANDROID_API__ matching the target NDK API level.
 #  include <android/api-level.h>  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
 // Defines this to true iff Google Test can use POSIX regular expressions.
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE
 # if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
 // On Android, <regex.h> is only available starting with Gingerbread.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (__ANDROID_API__ >= 9)
 # else
 #  define GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (!GTEST_OS_WINDOWS)
 # endif
 #endif
 
 #if GTEST_USES_PCRE
 // The appropriate headers have already been included.
 
 #elif GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE
 
 // On some platforms, <regex.h> needs someone to define size_t, and
 // won't compile otherwise.  We can #include it here as we already
 // included <stdlib.h>, which is guaranteed to define size_t through
 // <stddef.h>.
 # include <regex.h>  // NOLINT
 
 # define GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE 1
 
 #elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 // <regex.h> is not available on Windows.  Use our own simple regex
 // implementation instead.
 # define GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE 1
 
 #else
 
 // <regex.h> may not be available on this platform.  Use our own
 // simple regex implementation instead.
 # define GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE 1
 
 #endif  // GTEST_USES_PCRE
 
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 // The user didn't tell us whether exceptions are enabled, so we need
 // to figure it out.
 # if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_CPPUNWIND)
 // MSVC defines _CPPUNWIND to 1 iff exceptions are enabled.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
 # elif defined(__BORLANDC__)
 // C++Builder's implementation of the STL uses the _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 // macro to enable exceptions, so we'll do the same.
 // Assumes that exceptions are enabled by default.
 #  ifndef _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 #   define _HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
 #  endif  // _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 #  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 # elif defined(__clang__)
 // clang defines __EXCEPTIONS iff exceptions are enabled before clang 220714,
 // but iff cleanups are enabled after that. In Obj-C++ files, there can be
 // cleanups for ObjC exceptions which also need cleanups, even if C++ exceptions
 // are disabled. clang has __has_feature(cxx_exceptions) which checks for C++
 // exceptions starting at clang r206352, but which checked for cleanups prior to
 // that. To reliably check for C++ exception availability with clang, check for
 // __EXCEPTIONS && __has_feature(cxx_exceptions).
 #  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS (__EXCEPTIONS && __has_feature(cxx_exceptions))
 # elif defined(__GNUC__) && __EXCEPTIONS
 // gcc defines __EXCEPTIONS to 1 iff exceptions are enabled.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
 # elif defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
 // Sun Pro CC supports exceptions.  However, there is no compile-time way of
 // detecting whether they are enabled or not.  Therefore, we assume that
 // they are enabled unless the user tells us otherwise.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
 # elif defined(__IBMCPP__) && __EXCEPTIONS
 // xlC defines __EXCEPTIONS to 1 iff exceptions are enabled.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
 # elif defined(__HP_aCC)
 // Exception handling is in effect by default in HP aCC compiler. It has to
 // be turned of by +noeh compiler option if desired.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
 # else
 // For other compilers, we assume exceptions are disabled to be
 // conservative.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 0
 # endif  // defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
 #if !defined(GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING)
 // Even though we don't use this macro any longer, we keep it in case
 // some clients still depend on it.
 # define GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING 1
 #elif !GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING
 // The user told us that ::std::string isn't available.
 # error "::std::string isn't available."
 #endif  // !defined(GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING)
 
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 // The user didn't tell us whether ::string is available, so we need
 // to figure it out.
 
 # define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING 0
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 // The user didn't tell us whether ::std::wstring is available, so we need
 // to figure it out.
 // TODO(wan@google.com): uses autoconf to detect whether ::std::wstring
 //   is available.
 
 // Cygwin 1.7 and below doesn't support ::std::wstring.
 // Solaris' libc++ doesn't support it either.  Android has
 // no support for it at least as recent as Froyo (2.2).
 # define GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING \
     (!(GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_SOLARIS))
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 // The user didn't tell us whether ::wstring is available, so we need
 // to figure it out.
 # define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING \
     (GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING && GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING)
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 
 // Determines whether RTTI is available.
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_RTTI
 // The user didn't tell us whether RTTI is enabled, so we need to
 // figure it out.
 
 # ifdef _MSC_VER
 
 #  ifdef _CPPRTTI  // MSVC defines this macro iff RTTI is enabled.
 #   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
 #  else
 #   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
 #  endif
 
 // Starting with version 4.3.2, gcc defines __GXX_RTTI iff RTTI is enabled.
 # elif defined(__GNUC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40302)
 
 #  ifdef __GXX_RTTI
 // When building against STLport with the Android NDK and with
 // -frtti -fno-exceptions, the build fails at link time with undefined
 // references to __cxa_bad_typeid. Note sure if STL or toolchain bug,
 // so disable RTTI when detected.
 #   if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && defined(_STLPORT_MAJOR) && \
        !defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
 #    define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
 #   else
 #    define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
 #   endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && __STLPORT_MAJOR && !__EXCEPTIONS
 #  else
 #   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
 #  endif  // __GXX_RTTI
 
 // Clang defines __GXX_RTTI starting with version 3.0, but its manual recommends
 // using has_feature instead. has_feature(cxx_rtti) is supported since 2.7, the
 // first version with C++ support.
 # elif defined(__clang__)
 
 #  define GTEST_HAS_RTTI __has_feature(cxx_rtti)
 
 // Starting with version 9.0 IBM Visual Age defines __RTTI_ALL__ to 1 if
 // both the typeid and dynamic_cast features are present.
 # elif defined(__IBMCPP__) && (__IBMCPP__ >= 900)
 
 #  ifdef __RTTI_ALL__
 #   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
 #  else
 #   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
 #  endif
 
 # else
 
 // For all other compilers, we assume RTTI is enabled.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
 
 # endif  // _MSC_VER
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_RTTI
 
 // It's this header's responsibility to #include <typeinfo> when RTTI
 // is enabled.
 #if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
 # include <typeinfo>
 #endif
 
 // Determines whether Google Test can use the pthreads library.
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
 // The user didn't tell us explicitly, so we make reasonable assumptions about
 // which platforms have pthreads support.
 //
 // To disable threading support in Google Test, add -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0
 // to your compiler flags.
 #define GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD                                             \
   (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_MAC || GTEST_OS_HPUX || GTEST_OS_QNX || \
    GTEST_OS_FREEBSD || GTEST_OS_NACL || GTEST_OS_NETBSD || GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA)
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
 // gtest-port.h guarantees to #include <pthread.h> when GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD is
 // true.
 # include <pthread.h>  // NOLINT
 
 // For timespec and nanosleep, used below.
 # include <time.h>  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
 // Determines if hash_map/hash_set are available.
 // Only used for testing against those containers.
 #if !defined(GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_)
 # if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1900)
 #  define GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_ 1  // Indicates that hash_map is available.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_HASH_SET_ 1  // Indicates that hash_set is available.
 # endif  // _MSC_VER
 #endif  // !defined(GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_)
 
 // Determines whether Google Test can use tr1/tuple.  You can define
 // this macro to 0 to prevent Google Test from using tuple (any
 // feature depending on tuple with be disabled in this mode).
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
 # if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && defined(_STLPORT_MAJOR)
 // STLport, provided with the Android NDK, has neither <tr1/tuple> or <tuple>.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 0
 # elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1910)
 // Prevent `warning C4996: 'std::tr1': warning STL4002:
 // The non-Standard std::tr1 namespace and TR1-only machinery
 // are deprecated and will be REMOVED.`
 #  define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 0
 # elif GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
 // libc++ doesn't support TR1.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 0
 # else
 // The user didn't tell us not to do it, so we assume it's OK.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 1
 # endif
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
 
 // Determines whether Google Test's own tr1 tuple implementation
 // should be used.
 #ifndef GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
 // We use our own tuple implementation on Symbian.
 # if GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
 #  define GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE 1
 # else
 // The user didn't tell us, so we need to figure it out.
 
 // We use our own TR1 tuple if we aren't sure the user has an
 // implementation of it already.  At this time, libstdc++ 4.0.0+ and
 // MSVC 2010 are the only mainstream standard libraries that come
 // with a TR1 tuple implementation.  NVIDIA's CUDA NVCC compiler
 // pretends to be GCC by defining __GNUC__ and friends, but cannot
 // compile GCC's tuple implementation.  MSVC 2008 (9.0) provides TR1
 // tuple in a 323 MB Feature Pack download, which we cannot assume the
 // user has.  QNX's QCC compiler is a modified GCC but it doesn't
 // support TR1 tuple.  libc++ only provides std::tuple, in C++11 mode,
 // and it can be used with some compilers that define __GNUC__.
 # if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__CUDACC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40000) \
       && !GTEST_OS_QNX && !defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)) \
       || (_MSC_VER >= 1600 && _MSC_VER < 1900)
 #  define GTEST_ENV_HAS_TR1_TUPLE_ 1
 # endif
 
 // C++11 specifies that <tuple> provides std::tuple. Use that if gtest is used
 // in C++11 mode and libstdc++ isn't very old (binaries targeting OS X 10.6
 // can build with clang but need to use gcc4.2's libstdc++).
 # if GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && (!defined(__GLIBCXX__) || __GLIBCXX__ > 20110325)
 #  define GTEST_ENV_HAS_STD_TUPLE_ 1
 # endif
 
 # if GTEST_ENV_HAS_TR1_TUPLE_ || GTEST_ENV_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 #  define GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE 0
 # else
 #  define GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE 1
 # endif
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
 #endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
 
 // To avoid conditional compilation we make it gtest-port.h's responsibility
 // to #include the header implementing tuple.
 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 # include <tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export
 # define GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_ ::std
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 
 // We include tr1::tuple even if std::tuple is available to define printers for
 // them.
 #if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
 # ifndef GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_
 #  define GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_ ::std::tr1
 # endif  // GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_
 
 # if GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
 #  include "gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h"  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
 # elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
 
 // On Symbian, BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE causes Boost's TR1 tuple library to
 // use STLport's tuple implementation, which unfortunately doesn't
 // work as the copy of STLport distributed with Symbian is incomplete.
 // By making sure BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE is undefined, we force Boost to
 // use its own tuple implementation.
 #  ifdef BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
 #   undef BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
 #  endif  // BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
 
 // This prevents <boost/tr1/detail/config.hpp>, which defines
 // BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE, from being #included by Boost's <tuple>.
 #  define BOOST_TR1_DETAIL_CONFIG_HPP_INCLUDED
 #  include <tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
 
 # elif defined(__GNUC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40000)
 // GCC 4.0+ implements tr1/tuple in the <tr1/tuple> header.  This does
 // not conform to the TR1 spec, which requires the header to be <tuple>.
 
 #  if !GTEST_HAS_RTTI && GTEST_GCC_VER_ < 40302
 // Until version 4.3.2, gcc has a bug that causes <tr1/functional>,
 // which is #included by <tr1/tuple>, to not compile when RTTI is
 // disabled.  _TR1_FUNCTIONAL is the header guard for
 // <tr1/functional>.  Hence the following #define is a hack to prevent
 // <tr1/functional> from being included.
 #   define _TR1_FUNCTIONAL 1
 #   include <tr1/tuple>
 #   undef _TR1_FUNCTIONAL  // Allows the user to #include
                         // <tr1/functional> if they choose to.
 #  else
 #   include <tr1/tuple>  // NOLINT
 #  endif  // !GTEST_HAS_RTTI && GTEST_GCC_VER_ < 40302
 
 // VS 2010 now has tr1 support.
 # elif _MSC_VER >= 1600
 #  include <tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
 
 # else  // GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
 #  include <tr1/tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
 # endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
 
 // Determines whether clone(2) is supported.
 // Usually it will only be available on Linux, excluding
 // Linux on the Itanium architecture.
 // Also see http://linux.die.net/man/2/clone.
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_CLONE
 // The user didn't tell us, so we need to figure it out.
 
 # if GTEST_OS_LINUX && !defined(__ia64__)
 #  if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
 // On Android, clone() became available at different API levels for each 32-bit
 // architecture.
 #    if defined(__LP64__) || \
         (defined(__arm__) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 9) || \
         (defined(__mips__) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 12) || \
         (defined(__i386__) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 17)
 #     define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 1
 #    else
 #     define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 0
 #    endif
 #  else
 #   define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 1
 #  endif
 # else
 #  define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 0
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX && !defined(__ia64__)
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_CLONE
 
 // Determines whether to support stream redirection. This is used to test
 // output correctness and to implement death tests.
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 // By default, we assume that stream redirection is supported on all
 // platforms except known mobile ones.
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || \
     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
 #  define GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION 0
 # else
 #  define GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION 1
 # endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 
 // Determines whether to support death tests.
 // Google Test does not support death tests for VC 7.1 and earlier as
 // abort() in a VC 7.1 application compiled as GUI in debug config
 // pops up a dialog window that cannot be suppressed programmatically.
 #if (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_SOLARIS ||   \
      (GTEST_OS_MAC && !GTEST_OS_IOS) ||                         \
      (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP && _MSC_VER >= 1400) ||          \
      GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW || GTEST_OS_AIX || GTEST_OS_HPUX || \
-     GTEST_OS_OPENBSD || GTEST_OS_QNX || GTEST_OS_FREEBSD || GTEST_OS_NETBSD)
+     GTEST_OS_OPENBSD || GTEST_OS_QNX || GTEST_OS_FREEBSD ||    \
+     GTEST_OS_NETBSD || GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA)
 # define GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST 1
 #endif
 
 // Determines whether to support type-driven tests.
 
 // Typed tests need <typeinfo> and variadic macros, which GCC, VC++ 8.0,
 // Sun Pro CC, IBM Visual Age, and HP aCC support.
 #if defined(__GNUC__) || (_MSC_VER >= 1400) || defined(__SUNPRO_CC) || \
     defined(__IBMCPP__) || defined(__HP_aCC)
 # define GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST 1
 # define GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P 1
 #endif
 
 // Determines whether to support Combine(). This only makes sense when
 // value-parameterized tests are enabled.  The implementation doesn't
 // work on Sun Studio since it doesn't understand templated conversion
 // operators.
 #if (GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_) && !defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
 # define GTEST_HAS_COMBINE 1
 #endif
 
 // Determines whether the system compiler uses UTF-16 for encoding wide strings.
 #define GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_ \
     (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_AIX)
 
 // Determines whether test results can be streamed to a socket.
 #if GTEST_OS_LINUX
 # define GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_ 1
 #endif
 
 // Defines some utility macros.
 
 // The GNU compiler emits a warning if nested "if" statements are followed by
 // an "else" statement and braces are not used to explicitly disambiguate the
 // "else" binding.  This leads to problems with code like:
 //
 //   if (gate)
 //     ASSERT_*(condition) << "Some message";
 //
 // The "switch (0) case 0:" idiom is used to suppress this.
 #ifdef __INTEL_COMPILER
 # define GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_
 #else
 # define GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ switch (0) case 0: default:  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
 // Use this annotation at the end of a struct/class definition to
 // prevent the compiler from optimizing away instances that are never
 // used.  This is useful when all interesting logic happens inside the
 // c'tor and / or d'tor.  Example:
 //
 //   struct Foo {
 //     Foo() { ... }
 //   } GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;
 //
 // Also use it after a variable or parameter declaration to tell the
 // compiler the variable/parameter does not have to be used.
 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(COMPILER_ICC)
 # define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ __attribute__ ((unused))
 #elif defined(__clang__)
 # if __has_attribute(unused)
 #  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ __attribute__ ((unused))
 # endif
 #endif
 #ifndef GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
 # define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
 #endif
 
 #if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 # define GTEST_CXX11_EQUALS_DELETE_ = delete
 #else  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 # define GTEST_CXX11_EQUALS_DELETE_
 #endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 
 // Use this annotation before a function that takes a printf format string.
 #if (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)) && !defined(COMPILER_ICC)
 # if defined(__MINGW_PRINTF_FORMAT)
 // MinGW has two different printf implementations. Ensure the format macro
 // matches the selected implementation. See
 // https://sourceforge.net/p/mingw-w64/wiki2/gnu%20printf/.
 #  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF_(string_index, first_to_check) \
        __attribute__((__format__(__MINGW_PRINTF_FORMAT, string_index, \
                                  first_to_check)))
 # else
 #  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF_(string_index, first_to_check) \
        __attribute__((__format__(__printf__, string_index, first_to_check)))
 # endif
 #else
 # define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF_(string_index, first_to_check)
 #endif
 
 
 // A macro to disallow operator=
 // This should be used in the private: declarations for a class.
 #define GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(type) \
   void operator=(type const &) GTEST_CXX11_EQUALS_DELETE_
 
 // A macro to disallow copy constructor and operator=
 // This should be used in the private: declarations for a class.
 #define GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(type) \
   type(type const &) GTEST_CXX11_EQUALS_DELETE_; \
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(type)
 
 // Tell the compiler to warn about unused return values for functions declared
 // with this macro.  The macro should be used on function declarations
 // following the argument list:
 //
 //   Sprocket* AllocateSprocket() GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_;
 #if defined(__GNUC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 30400) && !defined(COMPILER_ICC)
 # define GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_ __attribute__ ((warn_unused_result))
 #else
 # define GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_
 #endif  // __GNUC__ && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 30400) && !COMPILER_ICC
 
 // MS C++ compiler emits warning when a conditional expression is compile time
 // constant. In some contexts this warning is false positive and needs to be
 // suppressed. Use the following two macros in such cases:
 //
 // GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_()
 // while (true) {
 // GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_()
 // }
 # define GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_() \
     GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4127)
 # define GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_() \
     GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 
 // Determine whether the compiler supports Microsoft's Structured Exception
 // Handling.  This is supported by several Windows compilers but generally
 // does not exist on any other system.
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_SEH
 // The user didn't tell us, so we need to figure it out.
 
 # if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
 // These two compilers are known to support SEH.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_SEH 1
 # else
 // Assume no SEH.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_SEH 0
 # endif
 
 #define GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE \
     (GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_ \
      || (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT) \
      || GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD)
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
 
 // GTEST_API_ qualifies all symbols that must be exported. The definitions below
 // are guarded by #ifndef to give embedders a chance to define GTEST_API_ in
 // gtest/internal/custom/gtest-port.h
 #ifndef GTEST_API_
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 # if GTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY
 #  define GTEST_API_ __declspec(dllimport)
 # elif GTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY
 #  define GTEST_API_ __declspec(dllexport)
 # endif
 #elif __GNUC__ >= 4 || defined(__clang__)
 # define GTEST_API_ __attribute__((visibility ("default")))
 #endif  // _MSC_VER
 
 #endif  // GTEST_API_
 
 #ifndef GTEST_API_
 # define GTEST_API_
 #endif  // GTEST_API_
 
 #ifndef GTEST_DEFAULT_DEATH_TEST_STYLE
 # define GTEST_DEFAULT_DEATH_TEST_STYLE  "fast"
 #endif  // GTEST_DEFAULT_DEATH_TEST_STYLE
 
 #ifdef __GNUC__
 // Ask the compiler to never inline a given function.
 # define GTEST_NO_INLINE_ __attribute__((noinline))
 #else
 # define GTEST_NO_INLINE_
 #endif
 
 // _LIBCPP_VERSION is defined by the libc++ library from the LLVM project.
 #if !defined(GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_)
 # if defined(__GLIBCXX__) || (defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) && !defined(_MSC_VER))
 #  define GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ 1
 # else
 #  define GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ 0
 # endif
 #endif
 
 // A function level attribute to disable checking for use of uninitialized
 // memory when built with MemorySanitizer.
 #if defined(__clang__)
 # if __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
 #  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_ \
        __attribute__((no_sanitize_memory))
 # else
 #  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
 # endif  // __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
 #else
 # define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
 #endif  // __clang__
 
 // A function level attribute to disable AddressSanitizer instrumentation.
 #if defined(__clang__)
 # if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
 #  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_ \
        __attribute__((no_sanitize_address))
 # else
 #  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
 # endif  // __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
 #else
 # define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
 #endif  // __clang__
 
 // A function level attribute to disable ThreadSanitizer instrumentation.
 #if defined(__clang__)
 # if __has_feature(thread_sanitizer)
 #  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_ \
        __attribute__((no_sanitize_thread))
 # else
 #  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
 # endif  // __has_feature(thread_sanitizer)
 #else
 # define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
 #endif  // __clang__
 
 namespace testing {
 
 class Message;
 
 #if defined(GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_)
 // Import tuple and friends into the ::testing namespace.
 // It is part of our interface, having them in ::testing allows us to change
 // their types as needed.
 using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::get;
 using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::make_tuple;
 using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::tuple;
 using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::tuple_size;
 using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::tuple_element;
 #endif  // defined(GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_)
 
 namespace internal {
 
 // A secret type that Google Test users don't know about.  It has no
 // definition on purpose.  Therefore it's impossible to create a
 // Secret object, which is what we want.
 class Secret;
 
 // The GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_ macro can be used to verify that a compile time
 // expression is true. For example, you could use it to verify the
 // size of a static array:
 //
 //   GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(GTEST_ARRAY_SIZE_(names) == NUM_NAMES,
 //                         names_incorrect_size);
 //
 // or to make sure a struct is smaller than a certain size:
 //
 //   GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(sizeof(foo) < 128, foo_too_large);
 //
 // The second argument to the macro is the name of the variable. If
 // the expression is false, most compilers will issue a warning/error
 // containing the name of the variable.
 
 #if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 # define GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(expr, msg) static_assert(expr, #msg)
 #else  // !GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 template <bool>
   struct CompileAssert {
 };
 
 # define GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(expr, msg) \
   typedef ::testing::internal::CompileAssert<(static_cast<bool>(expr))> \
       msg[static_cast<bool>(expr) ? 1 : -1] GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
 #endif  // !GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 
 // Implementation details of GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_:
 //
 // (In C++11, we simply use static_assert instead of the following)
 //
 // - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_ works by defining an array type that has -1
 //   elements (and thus is invalid) when the expression is false.
 //
 // - The simpler definition
 //
 //    #define GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(expr, msg) typedef char msg[(expr) ? 1 : -1]
 //
 //   does not work, as gcc supports variable-length arrays whose sizes
 //   are determined at run-time (this is gcc's extension and not part
 //   of the C++ standard).  As a result, gcc fails to reject the
 //   following code with the simple definition:
 //
 //     int foo;
 //     GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(foo, msg); // not supposed to compile as foo is
 //                                      // not a compile-time constant.
 //
 // - By using the type CompileAssert<(bool(expr))>, we ensures that
 //   expr is a compile-time constant.  (Template arguments must be
 //   determined at compile-time.)
 //
 // - The outter parentheses in CompileAssert<(bool(expr))> are necessary
 //   to work around a bug in gcc 3.4.4 and 4.0.1.  If we had written
 //
 //     CompileAssert<bool(expr)>
 //
 //   instead, these compilers will refuse to compile
 //
 //     GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(5 > 0, some_message);
 //
 //   (They seem to think the ">" in "5 > 0" marks the end of the
 //   template argument list.)
 //
 // - The array size is (bool(expr) ? 1 : -1), instead of simply
 //
 //     ((expr) ? 1 : -1).
 //
 //   This is to avoid running into a bug in MS VC 7.1, which
 //   causes ((0.0) ? 1 : -1) to incorrectly evaluate to 1.
 
 // StaticAssertTypeEqHelper is used by StaticAssertTypeEq defined in gtest.h.
 //
 // This template is declared, but intentionally undefined.
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
 struct StaticAssertTypeEqHelper;
 
 template <typename T>
 struct StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<T, T> {
   enum { value = true };
 };
 
 // Same as std::is_same<>.
 template <typename T, typename U>
 struct IsSame {
   enum { value = false };
 };
 template <typename T>
 struct IsSame<T, T> {
   enum { value = true };
 };
 
 // Evaluates to the number of elements in 'array'.
 #define GTEST_ARRAY_SIZE_(array) (sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]))
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 typedef ::string string;
 #else
 typedef ::std::string string;
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 typedef ::wstring wstring;
 #elif GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 typedef ::std::wstring wstring;
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 
 // A helper for suppressing warnings on constant condition.  It just
 // returns 'condition'.
 GTEST_API_ bool IsTrue(bool condition);
 
 // Defines scoped_ptr.
 
 // This implementation of scoped_ptr is PARTIAL - it only contains
 // enough stuff to satisfy Google Test's need.
 template <typename T>
 class scoped_ptr {
  public:
   typedef T element_type;
 
   explicit scoped_ptr(T* p = NULL) : ptr_(p) {}
   ~scoped_ptr() { reset(); }
 
   T& operator*() const { return *ptr_; }
   T* operator->() const { return ptr_; }
   T* get() const { return ptr_; }
 
   T* release() {
     T* const ptr = ptr_;
     ptr_ = NULL;
     return ptr;
   }
 
   void reset(T* p = NULL) {
     if (p != ptr_) {
       if (IsTrue(sizeof(T) > 0)) {  // Makes sure T is a complete type.
         delete ptr_;
       }
       ptr_ = p;
     }
   }
 
   friend void swap(scoped_ptr& a, scoped_ptr& b) {
     using std::swap;
     swap(a.ptr_, b.ptr_);
   }
 
  private:
   T* ptr_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(scoped_ptr);
 };
 
 // Defines RE.
 
 #if GTEST_USES_PCRE
 using ::RE;
 #elif GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE || GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
 
 // A simple C++ wrapper for <regex.h>.  It uses the POSIX Extended
 // Regular Expression syntax.
 class GTEST_API_ RE {
  public:
   // A copy constructor is required by the Standard to initialize object
   // references from r-values.
   RE(const RE& other) { Init(other.pattern()); }
 
   // Constructs an RE from a string.
   RE(const ::std::string& regex) { Init(regex.c_str()); }  // NOLINT
 
 # if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 
   RE(const ::string& regex) { Init(regex.c_str()); }  // NOLINT
 
 # endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 
   RE(const char* regex) { Init(regex); }  // NOLINT
   ~RE();
 
   // Returns the string representation of the regex.
   const char* pattern() const { return pattern_; }
 
   // FullMatch(str, re) returns true iff regular expression re matches
   // the entire str.
   // PartialMatch(str, re) returns true iff regular expression re
   // matches a substring of str (including str itself).
   //
   // TODO(wan@google.com): make FullMatch() and PartialMatch() work
   // when str contains NUL characters.
   static bool FullMatch(const ::std::string& str, const RE& re) {
     return FullMatch(str.c_str(), re);
   }
   static bool PartialMatch(const ::std::string& str, const RE& re) {
     return PartialMatch(str.c_str(), re);
   }
 
 # if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 
   static bool FullMatch(const ::string& str, const RE& re) {
     return FullMatch(str.c_str(), re);
   }
   static bool PartialMatch(const ::string& str, const RE& re) {
     return PartialMatch(str.c_str(), re);
   }
 
 # endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 
   static bool FullMatch(const char* str, const RE& re);
   static bool PartialMatch(const char* str, const RE& re);
 
  private:
   void Init(const char* regex);
 
   // We use a const char* instead of an std::string, as Google Test used to be
   // used where std::string is not available.  TODO(wan@google.com): change to
   // std::string.
   const char* pattern_;
   bool is_valid_;
 
 # if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
 
   regex_t full_regex_;     // For FullMatch().
   regex_t partial_regex_;  // For PartialMatch().
 
 # else  // GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
 
   const char* full_pattern_;  // For FullMatch();
 
 # endif
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(RE);
 };
 
 #endif  // GTEST_USES_PCRE
 
 // Formats a source file path and a line number as they would appear
 // in an error message from the compiler used to compile this code.
 GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatFileLocation(const char* file, int line);
 
 // Formats a file location for compiler-independent XML output.
 // Although this function is not platform dependent, we put it next to
 // FormatFileLocation in order to contrast the two functions.
 GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(const char* file,
                                                                int line);
 
 // Defines logging utilities:
 //   GTEST_LOG_(severity) - logs messages at the specified severity level. The
 //                          message itself is streamed into the macro.
 //   LogToStderr()  - directs all log messages to stderr.
 //   FlushInfoLog() - flushes informational log messages.
 
 enum GTestLogSeverity {
   GTEST_INFO,
   GTEST_WARNING,
   GTEST_ERROR,
   GTEST_FATAL
 };
 
 // Formats log entry severity, provides a stream object for streaming the
 // log message, and terminates the message with a newline when going out of
 // scope.
 class GTEST_API_ GTestLog {
  public:
   GTestLog(GTestLogSeverity severity, const char* file, int line);
 
   // Flushes the buffers and, if severity is GTEST_FATAL, aborts the program.
   ~GTestLog();
 
   ::std::ostream& GetStream() { return ::std::cerr; }
 
  private:
   const GTestLogSeverity severity_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(GTestLog);
 };
 
 #if !defined(GTEST_LOG_)
 
 # define GTEST_LOG_(severity) \
     ::testing::internal::GTestLog(::testing::internal::GTEST_##severity, \
                                   __FILE__, __LINE__).GetStream()
 
 inline void LogToStderr() {}
 inline void FlushInfoLog() { fflush(NULL); }
 
 #endif  // !defined(GTEST_LOG_)
 
 #if !defined(GTEST_CHECK_)
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE.
 //
 // GTEST_CHECK_ is an all-mode assert. It aborts the program if the condition
 // is not satisfied.
 //  Synopsys:
 //    GTEST_CHECK_(boolean_condition);
 //     or
 //    GTEST_CHECK_(boolean_condition) << "Additional message";
 //
 //    This checks the condition and if the condition is not satisfied
 //    it prints message about the condition violation, including the
 //    condition itself, plus additional message streamed into it, if any,
 //    and then it aborts the program. It aborts the program irrespective of
 //    whether it is built in the debug mode or not.
 # define GTEST_CHECK_(condition) \
     GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
     if (::testing::internal::IsTrue(condition)) \
       ; \
     else \
       GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Condition " #condition " failed. "
 #endif  // !defined(GTEST_CHECK_)
 
 // An all-mode assert to verify that the given POSIX-style function
 // call returns 0 (indicating success).  Known limitation: this
 // doesn't expand to a balanced 'if' statement, so enclose the macro
 // in {} if you need to use it as the only statement in an 'if'
 // branch.
 #define GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(posix_call) \
   if (const int gtest_error = (posix_call)) \
     GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << #posix_call << "failed with error " \
                       << gtest_error
 
 // Adds reference to a type if it is not a reference type,
 // otherwise leaves it unchanged.  This is the same as
 // tr1::add_reference, which is not widely available yet.
 template <typename T>
 struct AddReference { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT
 template <typename T>
 struct AddReference<T&> { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT
 
 // A handy wrapper around AddReference that works when the argument T
 // depends on template parameters.
 #define GTEST_ADD_REFERENCE_(T) \
     typename ::testing::internal::AddReference<T>::type
 
 // Transforms "T" into "const T&" according to standard reference collapsing
 // rules (this is only needed as a backport for C++98 compilers that do not
 // support reference collapsing). Specifically, it transforms:
 //
 //   char         ==> const char&
 //   const char   ==> const char&
 //   char&        ==> char&
 //   const char&  ==> const char&
 //
 // Note that the non-const reference will not have "const" added. This is
 // standard, and necessary so that "T" can always bind to "const T&".
 template <typename T>
 struct ConstRef { typedef const T& type; };
 template <typename T>
 struct ConstRef<T&> { typedef T& type; };
 
 // The argument T must depend on some template parameters.
 #define GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(T) \
   typename ::testing::internal::ConstRef<T>::type
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
 using std::forward;
 using std::move;
 
 template <typename T>
 struct RvalueRef {
   typedef T&& type;
 };
 #else  // GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
 template <typename T>
 const T& move(const T& t) {
   return t;
 }
 template <typename T>
 GTEST_ADD_REFERENCE_(T) forward(GTEST_ADD_REFERENCE_(T) t) { return t; }
 
 template <typename T>
 struct RvalueRef {
   typedef const T& type;
 };
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
 
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
 //
 // Use ImplicitCast_ as a safe version of static_cast for upcasting in
 // the type hierarchy (e.g. casting a Foo* to a SuperclassOfFoo* or a
 // const Foo*).  When you use ImplicitCast_, the compiler checks that
 // the cast is safe.  Such explicit ImplicitCast_s are necessary in
 // surprisingly many situations where C++ demands an exact type match
 // instead of an argument type convertable to a target type.
 //
 // The syntax for using ImplicitCast_ is the same as for static_cast:
 //
 //   ImplicitCast_<ToType>(expr)
 //
 // ImplicitCast_ would have been part of the C++ standard library,
 // but the proposal was submitted too late.  It will probably make
 // its way into the language in the future.
 //
 // This relatively ugly name is intentional. It prevents clashes with
 // similar functions users may have (e.g., implicit_cast). The internal
 // namespace alone is not enough because the function can be found by ADL.
 template<typename To>
 inline To ImplicitCast_(To x) { return x; }
 
 // When you upcast (that is, cast a pointer from type Foo to type
 // SuperclassOfFoo), it's fine to use ImplicitCast_<>, since upcasts
 // always succeed.  When you downcast (that is, cast a pointer from
 // type Foo to type SubclassOfFoo), static_cast<> isn't safe, because
 // how do you know the pointer is really of type SubclassOfFoo?  It
 // could be a bare Foo, or of type DifferentSubclassOfFoo.  Thus,
 // when you downcast, you should use this macro.  In debug mode, we
 // use dynamic_cast<> to double-check the downcast is legal (we die
 // if it's not).  In normal mode, we do the efficient static_cast<>
 // instead.  Thus, it's important to test in debug mode to make sure
 // the cast is legal!
 //    This is the only place in the code we should use dynamic_cast<>.
 // In particular, you SHOULDN'T be using dynamic_cast<> in order to
 // do RTTI (eg code like this:
 //    if (dynamic_cast<Subclass1>(foo)) HandleASubclass1Object(foo);
 //    if (dynamic_cast<Subclass2>(foo)) HandleASubclass2Object(foo);
 // You should design the code some other way not to need this.
 //
 // This relatively ugly name is intentional. It prevents clashes with
 // similar functions users may have (e.g., down_cast). The internal
 // namespace alone is not enough because the function can be found by ADL.
 template<typename To, typename From>  // use like this: DownCast_<T*>(foo);
 inline To DownCast_(From* f) {  // so we only accept pointers
   // Ensures that To is a sub-type of From *.  This test is here only
   // for compile-time type checking, and has no overhead in an
   // optimized build at run-time, as it will be optimized away
   // completely.
   GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_()
   if (false) {
   GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_()
     const To to = NULL;
     ::testing::internal::ImplicitCast_<From*>(to);
   }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
   // RTTI: debug mode only!
   GTEST_CHECK_(f == NULL || dynamic_cast<To>(f) != NULL);
 #endif
   return static_cast<To>(f);
 }
 
 // Downcasts the pointer of type Base to Derived.
 // Derived must be a subclass of Base. The parameter MUST
 // point to a class of type Derived, not any subclass of it.
 // When RTTI is available, the function performs a runtime
 // check to enforce this.
 template <class Derived, class Base>
 Derived* CheckedDowncastToActualType(Base* base) {
 #if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
   GTEST_CHECK_(typeid(*base) == typeid(Derived));
 #endif
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DOWNCAST_
   return ::down_cast<Derived*>(base);
 #elif GTEST_HAS_RTTI
   return dynamic_cast<Derived*>(base);  // NOLINT
 #else
   return static_cast<Derived*>(base);  // Poor man's downcast.
 #endif
 }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 
 // Defines the stderr capturer:
 //   CaptureStdout     - starts capturing stdout.
 //   GetCapturedStdout - stops capturing stdout and returns the captured string.
 //   CaptureStderr     - starts capturing stderr.
 //   GetCapturedStderr - stops capturing stderr and returns the captured string.
 //
 GTEST_API_ void CaptureStdout();
 GTEST_API_ std::string GetCapturedStdout();
 GTEST_API_ void CaptureStderr();
 GTEST_API_ std::string GetCapturedStderr();
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 // Returns the size (in bytes) of a file.
 GTEST_API_ size_t GetFileSize(FILE* file);
 
 // Reads the entire content of a file as a string.
 GTEST_API_ std::string ReadEntireFile(FILE* file);
 
 // All command line arguments.
 GTEST_API_ std::vector<std::string> GetArgvs();
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 std::vector<std::string> GetInjectableArgvs();
 // Deprecated: pass the args vector by value instead.
 void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector<std::string>* new_argvs);
 void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector<std::string>& new_argvs);
 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector< ::string>& new_argvs);
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 void ClearInjectableArgvs();
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 // Defines synchronization primitives.
 #if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 # if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
 // Sleeps for (roughly) n milliseconds.  This function is only for testing
 // Google Test's own constructs.  Don't use it in user tests, either
 // directly or indirectly.
 inline void SleepMilliseconds(int n) {
   const timespec time = {
     0,                  // 0 seconds.
     n * 1000L * 1000L,  // And n ms.
   };
   nanosleep(&time, NULL);
 }
 # endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
 
 # if GTEST_HAS_NOTIFICATION_
 // Notification has already been imported into the namespace.
 // Nothing to do here.
 
 # elif GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
 // Allows a controller thread to pause execution of newly created
 // threads until notified.  Instances of this class must be created
 // and destroyed in the controller thread.
 //
 // This class is only for testing Google Test's own constructs. Do not
 // use it in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
 class Notification {
  public:
   Notification() : notified_(false) {
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_init(&mutex_, NULL));
   }
   ~Notification() {
     pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex_);
   }
 
   // Notifies all threads created with this notification to start. Must
   // be called from the controller thread.
   void Notify() {
     pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_);
     notified_ = true;
     pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_);
   }
 
   // Blocks until the controller thread notifies. Must be called from a test
   // thread.
   void WaitForNotification() {
     for (;;) {
       pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_);
       const bool notified = notified_;
       pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_);
       if (notified)
         break;
       SleepMilliseconds(10);
     }
   }
 
  private:
   pthread_mutex_t mutex_;
   bool notified_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Notification);
 };
 
 # elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
 
 GTEST_API_ void SleepMilliseconds(int n);
 
 // Provides leak-safe Windows kernel handle ownership.
 // Used in death tests and in threading support.
 class GTEST_API_ AutoHandle {
  public:
   // Assume that Win32 HANDLE type is equivalent to void*. Doing so allows us to
   // avoid including <windows.h> in this header file. Including <windows.h> is
   // undesirable because it defines a lot of symbols and macros that tend to
   // conflict with client code. This assumption is verified by
   // WindowsTypesTest.HANDLEIsVoidStar.
   typedef void* Handle;
   AutoHandle();
   explicit AutoHandle(Handle handle);
 
   ~AutoHandle();
 
   Handle Get() const;
   void Reset();
   void Reset(Handle handle);
 
  private:
   // Returns true iff the handle is a valid handle object that can be closed.
   bool IsCloseable() const;
 
   Handle handle_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(AutoHandle);
 };
 
 // Allows a controller thread to pause execution of newly created
 // threads until notified.  Instances of this class must be created
 // and destroyed in the controller thread.
 //
 // This class is only for testing Google Test's own constructs. Do not
 // use it in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
 class GTEST_API_ Notification {
  public:
   Notification();
   void Notify();
   void WaitForNotification();
 
  private:
   AutoHandle event_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Notification);
 };
 # endif  // GTEST_HAS_NOTIFICATION_
 
 // On MinGW, we can have both GTEST_OS_WINDOWS and GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
 // defined, but we don't want to use MinGW's pthreads implementation, which
 // has conformance problems with some versions of the POSIX standard.
 # if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
 
 // As a C-function, ThreadFuncWithCLinkage cannot be templated itself.
 // Consequently, it cannot select a correct instantiation of ThreadWithParam
 // in order to call its Run(). Introducing ThreadWithParamBase as a
 // non-templated base class for ThreadWithParam allows us to bypass this
 // problem.
 class ThreadWithParamBase {
  public:
   virtual ~ThreadWithParamBase() {}
   virtual void Run() = 0;
 };
 
 // pthread_create() accepts a pointer to a function type with the C linkage.
 // According to the Standard (7.5/1), function types with different linkages
 // are different even if they are otherwise identical.  Some compilers (for
 // example, SunStudio) treat them as different types.  Since class methods
 // cannot be defined with C-linkage we need to define a free C-function to
 // pass into pthread_create().
 extern "C" inline void* ThreadFuncWithCLinkage(void* thread) {
   static_cast<ThreadWithParamBase*>(thread)->Run();
   return NULL;
 }
 
 // Helper class for testing Google Test's multi-threading constructs.
 // To use it, write:
 //
 //   void ThreadFunc(int param) { /* Do things with param */ }
 //   Notification thread_can_start;
 //   ...
 //   // The thread_can_start parameter is optional; you can supply NULL.
 //   ThreadWithParam<int> thread(&ThreadFunc, 5, &thread_can_start);
 //   thread_can_start.Notify();
 //
 // These classes are only for testing Google Test's own constructs. Do
 // not use them in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
 template <typename T>
 class ThreadWithParam : public ThreadWithParamBase {
  public:
   typedef void UserThreadFunc(T);
 
   ThreadWithParam(UserThreadFunc* func, T param, Notification* thread_can_start)
       : func_(func),
         param_(param),
         thread_can_start_(thread_can_start),
         finished_(false) {
     ThreadWithParamBase* const base = this;
     // The thread can be created only after all fields except thread_
     // have been initialized.
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(
         pthread_create(&thread_, 0, &ThreadFuncWithCLinkage, base));
   }
   ~ThreadWithParam() { Join(); }
 
   void Join() {
     if (!finished_) {
       GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_join(thread_, 0));
       finished_ = true;
     }
   }
 
   virtual void Run() {
     if (thread_can_start_ != NULL)
       thread_can_start_->WaitForNotification();
     func_(param_);
   }
 
  private:
   UserThreadFunc* const func_;  // User-supplied thread function.
   const T param_;  // User-supplied parameter to the thread function.
   // When non-NULL, used to block execution until the controller thread
   // notifies.
   Notification* const thread_can_start_;
   bool finished_;  // true iff we know that the thread function has finished.
   pthread_t thread_;  // The native thread object.
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadWithParam);
 };
 # endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD ||
          // GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_
 
 # if GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_
 // Mutex and ThreadLocal have already been imported into the namespace.
 // Nothing to do here.
 
 # elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
 
 // Mutex implements mutex on Windows platforms.  It is used in conjunction
 // with class MutexLock:
 //
 //   Mutex mutex;
 //   ...
 //   MutexLock lock(&mutex);  // Acquires the mutex and releases it at the
 //                            // end of the current scope.
 //
 // A static Mutex *must* be defined or declared using one of the following
 // macros:
 //   GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_some_mutex);
 //   GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_some_mutex);
 //
 // (A non-static Mutex is defined/declared in the usual way).
 class GTEST_API_ Mutex {
  public:
   enum MutexType { kStatic = 0, kDynamic = 1 };
   // We rely on kStaticMutex being 0 as it is to what the linker initializes
   // type_ in static mutexes.  critical_section_ will be initialized lazily
   // in ThreadSafeLazyInit().
   enum StaticConstructorSelector { kStaticMutex = 0 };
 
   // This constructor intentionally does nothing.  It relies on type_ being
   // statically initialized to 0 (effectively setting it to kStatic) and on
   // ThreadSafeLazyInit() to lazily initialize the rest of the members.
   explicit Mutex(StaticConstructorSelector /*dummy*/) {}
 
   Mutex();
   ~Mutex();
 
   void Lock();
 
   void Unlock();
 
   // Does nothing if the current thread holds the mutex. Otherwise, crashes
   // with high probability.
   void AssertHeld();
 
  private:
   // Initializes owner_thread_id_ and critical_section_ in static mutexes.
   void ThreadSafeLazyInit();
 
   // Per http://blogs.msdn.com/b/oldnewthing/archive/2004/02/23/78395.aspx,
   // we assume that 0 is an invalid value for thread IDs.
   unsigned int owner_thread_id_;
 
   // For static mutexes, we rely on these members being initialized to zeros
   // by the linker.
   MutexType type_;
   long critical_section_init_phase_;  // NOLINT
   GTEST_CRITICAL_SECTION* critical_section_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Mutex);
 };
 
 # define GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
     extern ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex
 
 # define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
     ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex(::testing::internal::Mutex::kStaticMutex)
 
 // We cannot name this class MutexLock because the ctor declaration would
 // conflict with a macro named MutexLock, which is defined on some
 // platforms. That macro is used as a defensive measure to prevent against
 // inadvertent misuses of MutexLock like "MutexLock(&mu)" rather than
 // "MutexLock l(&mu)".  Hence the typedef trick below.
 class GTestMutexLock {
  public:
   explicit GTestMutexLock(Mutex* mutex)
       : mutex_(mutex) { mutex_->Lock(); }
 
   ~GTestMutexLock() { mutex_->Unlock(); }
 
  private:
   Mutex* const mutex_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(GTestMutexLock);
 };
 
 typedef GTestMutexLock MutexLock;
 
 // Base class for ValueHolder<T>.  Allows a caller to hold and delete a value
 // without knowing its type.
 class ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
  public:
   virtual ~ThreadLocalValueHolderBase() {}
 };
 
 // Provides a way for a thread to send notifications to a ThreadLocal
 // regardless of its parameter type.
 class ThreadLocalBase {
  public:
   // Creates a new ValueHolder<T> object holding a default value passed to
   // this ThreadLocal<T>'s constructor and returns it.  It is the caller's
   // responsibility not to call this when the ThreadLocal<T> instance already
   // has a value on the current thread.
   virtual ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* NewValueForCurrentThread() const = 0;
 
  protected:
   ThreadLocalBase() {}
   virtual ~ThreadLocalBase() {}
 
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadLocalBase);
 };
 
 // Maps a thread to a set of ThreadLocals that have values instantiated on that
 // thread and notifies them when the thread exits.  A ThreadLocal instance is
 // expected to persist until all threads it has values on have terminated.
 class GTEST_API_ ThreadLocalRegistry {
  public:
   // Registers thread_local_instance as having value on the current thread.
   // Returns a value that can be used to identify the thread from other threads.
   static ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* GetValueOnCurrentThread(
       const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance);
 
   // Invoked when a ThreadLocal instance is destroyed.
   static void OnThreadLocalDestroyed(
       const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance);
 };
 
 class GTEST_API_ ThreadWithParamBase {
  public:
   void Join();
 
  protected:
   class Runnable {
    public:
     virtual ~Runnable() {}
     virtual void Run() = 0;
   };
 
   ThreadWithParamBase(Runnable *runnable, Notification* thread_can_start);
   virtual ~ThreadWithParamBase();
 
  private:
   AutoHandle thread_;
 };
 
 // Helper class for testing Google Test's multi-threading constructs.
 template <typename T>
 class ThreadWithParam : public ThreadWithParamBase {
  public:
   typedef void UserThreadFunc(T);
 
   ThreadWithParam(UserThreadFunc* func, T param, Notification* thread_can_start)
       : ThreadWithParamBase(new RunnableImpl(func, param), thread_can_start) {
   }
   virtual ~ThreadWithParam() {}
 
  private:
   class RunnableImpl : public Runnable {
    public:
     RunnableImpl(UserThreadFunc* func, T param)
         : func_(func),
           param_(param) {
     }
     virtual ~RunnableImpl() {}
     virtual void Run() {
       func_(param_);
     }
 
    private:
     UserThreadFunc* const func_;
     const T param_;
 
     GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(RunnableImpl);
   };
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadWithParam);
 };
 
 // Implements thread-local storage on Windows systems.
 //
 //   // Thread 1
 //   ThreadLocal<int> tl(100);  // 100 is the default value for each thread.
 //
 //   // Thread 2
 //   tl.set(150);  // Changes the value for thread 2 only.
 //   EXPECT_EQ(150, tl.get());
 //
 //   // Thread 1
 //   EXPECT_EQ(100, tl.get());  // In thread 1, tl has the original value.
 //   tl.set(200);
 //   EXPECT_EQ(200, tl.get());
 //
 // The template type argument T must have a public copy constructor.
 // In addition, the default ThreadLocal constructor requires T to have
 // a public default constructor.
 //
 // The users of a TheadLocal instance have to make sure that all but one
 // threads (including the main one) using that instance have exited before
 // destroying it. Otherwise, the per-thread objects managed for them by the
 // ThreadLocal instance are not guaranteed to be destroyed on all platforms.
 //
 // Google Test only uses global ThreadLocal objects.  That means they
 // will die after main() has returned.  Therefore, no per-thread
 // object managed by Google Test will be leaked as long as all threads
 // using Google Test have exited when main() returns.
 template <typename T>
 class ThreadLocal : public ThreadLocalBase {
  public:
   ThreadLocal() : default_factory_(new DefaultValueHolderFactory()) {}
   explicit ThreadLocal(const T& value)
       : default_factory_(new InstanceValueHolderFactory(value)) {}
 
   ~ThreadLocal() { ThreadLocalRegistry::OnThreadLocalDestroyed(this); }
 
   T* pointer() { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
   const T* pointer() const { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
   const T& get() const { return *pointer(); }
   void set(const T& value) { *pointer() = value; }
 
  private:
   // Holds a value of T.  Can be deleted via its base class without the caller
   // knowing the type of T.
   class ValueHolder : public ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
    public:
     ValueHolder() : value_() {}
     explicit ValueHolder(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
 
     T* pointer() { return &value_; }
 
    private:
     T value_;
     GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ValueHolder);
   };
 
 
   T* GetOrCreateValue() const {
     return static_cast<ValueHolder*>(
         ThreadLocalRegistry::GetValueOnCurrentThread(this))->pointer();
   }
 
   virtual ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* NewValueForCurrentThread() const {
     return default_factory_->MakeNewHolder();
   }
 
   class ValueHolderFactory {
    public:
     ValueHolderFactory() {}
     virtual ~ValueHolderFactory() {}
     virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const = 0;
 
    private:
     GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ValueHolderFactory);
   };
 
   class DefaultValueHolderFactory : public ValueHolderFactory {
    public:
     DefaultValueHolderFactory() {}
     virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const { return new ValueHolder(); }
 
    private:
     GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DefaultValueHolderFactory);
   };
 
   class InstanceValueHolderFactory : public ValueHolderFactory {
    public:
     explicit InstanceValueHolderFactory(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
     virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const {
       return new ValueHolder(value_);
     }
 
    private:
     const T value_;  // The value for each thread.
 
     GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(InstanceValueHolderFactory);
   };
 
   scoped_ptr<ValueHolderFactory> default_factory_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadLocal);
 };
 
 # elif GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
 
 // MutexBase and Mutex implement mutex on pthreads-based platforms.
 class MutexBase {
  public:
   // Acquires this mutex.
   void Lock() {
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_));
     owner_ = pthread_self();
     has_owner_ = true;
   }
 
   // Releases this mutex.
   void Unlock() {
     // Since the lock is being released the owner_ field should no longer be
     // considered valid. We don't protect writing to has_owner_ here, as it's
     // the caller's responsibility to ensure that the current thread holds the
     // mutex when this is called.
     has_owner_ = false;
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_));
   }
 
   // Does nothing if the current thread holds the mutex. Otherwise, crashes
   // with high probability.
   void AssertHeld() const {
     GTEST_CHECK_(has_owner_ && pthread_equal(owner_, pthread_self()))
         << "The current thread is not holding the mutex @" << this;
   }
 
   // A static mutex may be used before main() is entered.  It may even
   // be used before the dynamic initialization stage.  Therefore we
   // must be able to initialize a static mutex object at link time.
   // This means MutexBase has to be a POD and its member variables
   // have to be public.
  public:
   pthread_mutex_t mutex_;  // The underlying pthread mutex.
   // has_owner_ indicates whether the owner_ field below contains a valid thread
   // ID and is therefore safe to inspect (e.g., to use in pthread_equal()). All
   // accesses to the owner_ field should be protected by a check of this field.
   // An alternative might be to memset() owner_ to all zeros, but there's no
   // guarantee that a zero'd pthread_t is necessarily invalid or even different
   // from pthread_self().
   bool has_owner_;
   pthread_t owner_;  // The thread holding the mutex.
 };
 
 // Forward-declares a static mutex.
 #  define GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
      extern ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex
 
 // Defines and statically (i.e. at link time) initializes a static mutex.
 // The initialization list here does not explicitly initialize each field,
 // instead relying on default initialization for the unspecified fields. In
 // particular, the owner_ field (a pthread_t) is not explicitly initialized.
 // This allows initialization to work whether pthread_t is a scalar or struct.
 // The flag -Wmissing-field-initializers must not be specified for this to work.
 #  define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
      ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex = { PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, false }
 
 // The Mutex class can only be used for mutexes created at runtime. It
 // shares its API with MutexBase otherwise.
 class Mutex : public MutexBase {
  public:
   Mutex() {
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_init(&mutex_, NULL));
     has_owner_ = false;
   }
   ~Mutex() {
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex_));
   }
 
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Mutex);
 };
 
 // We cannot name this class MutexLock because the ctor declaration would
 // conflict with a macro named MutexLock, which is defined on some
 // platforms. That macro is used as a defensive measure to prevent against
 // inadvertent misuses of MutexLock like "MutexLock(&mu)" rather than
 // "MutexLock l(&mu)".  Hence the typedef trick below.
 class GTestMutexLock {
  public:
   explicit GTestMutexLock(MutexBase* mutex)
       : mutex_(mutex) { mutex_->Lock(); }
 
   ~GTestMutexLock() { mutex_->Unlock(); }
 
  private:
   MutexBase* const mutex_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(GTestMutexLock);
 };
 
 typedef GTestMutexLock MutexLock;
 
 // Helpers for ThreadLocal.
 
 // pthread_key_create() requires DeleteThreadLocalValue() to have
 // C-linkage.  Therefore it cannot be templatized to access
 // ThreadLocal<T>.  Hence the need for class
 // ThreadLocalValueHolderBase.
 class ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
  public:
   virtual ~ThreadLocalValueHolderBase() {}
 };
 
 // Called by pthread to delete thread-local data stored by
 // pthread_setspecific().
 extern "C" inline void DeleteThreadLocalValue(void* value_holder) {
   delete static_cast<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase*>(value_holder);
 }
 
 // Implements thread-local storage on pthreads-based systems.
 template <typename T>
 class GTEST_API_ ThreadLocal {
  public:
   ThreadLocal()
       : key_(CreateKey()), default_factory_(new DefaultValueHolderFactory()) {}
   explicit ThreadLocal(const T& value)
       : key_(CreateKey()),
         default_factory_(new InstanceValueHolderFactory(value)) {}
 
   ~ThreadLocal() {
     // Destroys the managed object for the current thread, if any.
     DeleteThreadLocalValue(pthread_getspecific(key_));
 
     // Releases resources associated with the key.  This will *not*
     // delete managed objects for other threads.
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_key_delete(key_));
   }
 
   T* pointer() { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
   const T* pointer() const { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
   const T& get() const { return *pointer(); }
   void set(const T& value) { *pointer() = value; }
 
  private:
   // Holds a value of type T.
   class ValueHolder : public ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
    public:
     ValueHolder() : value_() {}
     explicit ValueHolder(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
 
     T* pointer() { return &value_; }
 
    private:
     T value_;
     GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ValueHolder);
   };
 
   static pthread_key_t CreateKey() {
     pthread_key_t key;
     // When a thread exits, DeleteThreadLocalValue() will be called on
     // the object managed for that thread.
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(
         pthread_key_create(&key, &DeleteThreadLocalValue));
     return key;
   }
 
   T* GetOrCreateValue() const {
     ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* const holder =
         static_cast<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase*>(pthread_getspecific(key_));
     if (holder != NULL) {
       return CheckedDowncastToActualType<ValueHolder>(holder)->pointer();
     }
 
     ValueHolder* const new_holder = default_factory_->MakeNewHolder();
     ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* const holder_base = new_holder;
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_setspecific(key_, holder_base));
     return new_holder->pointer();
   }
 
   class ValueHolderFactory {
    public:
     ValueHolderFactory() {}
     virtual ~ValueHolderFactory() {}
     virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const = 0;
 
    private:
     GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ValueHolderFactory);
   };
 
   class DefaultValueHolderFactory : public ValueHolderFactory {
    public:
     DefaultValueHolderFactory() {}
     virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const { return new ValueHolder(); }
 
    private:
     GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DefaultValueHolderFactory);
   };
 
   class InstanceValueHolderFactory : public ValueHolderFactory {
    public:
     explicit InstanceValueHolderFactory(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
     virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const {
       return new ValueHolder(value_);
     }
 
    private:
     const T value_;  // The value for each thread.
 
     GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(InstanceValueHolderFactory);
   };
 
   // A key pthreads uses for looking up per-thread values.
   const pthread_key_t key_;
   scoped_ptr<ValueHolderFactory> default_factory_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadLocal);
 };
 
 # endif  // GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_
 
 #else  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 // A dummy implementation of synchronization primitives (mutex, lock,
 // and thread-local variable).  Necessary for compiling Google Test where
 // mutex is not supported - using Google Test in multiple threads is not
 // supported on such platforms.
 
 class Mutex {
  public:
   Mutex() {}
   void Lock() {}
   void Unlock() {}
   void AssertHeld() const {}
 };
 
 # define GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
   extern ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex
 
 # define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex
 
 // We cannot name this class MutexLock because the ctor declaration would
 // conflict with a macro named MutexLock, which is defined on some
 // platforms. That macro is used as a defensive measure to prevent against
 // inadvertent misuses of MutexLock like "MutexLock(&mu)" rather than
 // "MutexLock l(&mu)".  Hence the typedef trick below.
 class GTestMutexLock {
  public:
   explicit GTestMutexLock(Mutex*) {}  // NOLINT
 };
 
 typedef GTestMutexLock MutexLock;
 
 template <typename T>
 class GTEST_API_ ThreadLocal {
  public:
   ThreadLocal() : value_() {}
   explicit ThreadLocal(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
   T* pointer() { return &value_; }
   const T* pointer() const { return &value_; }
   const T& get() const { return value_; }
   void set(const T& value) { value_ = value; }
  private:
   T value_;
 };
 
 #endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 // Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
 // we cannot detect it.
 GTEST_API_ size_t GetThreadCount();
 
 // Passing non-POD classes through ellipsis (...) crashes the ARM
 // compiler and generates a warning in Sun Studio before 12u4. The Nokia Symbian
 // and the IBM XL C/C++ compiler try to instantiate a copy constructor
 // for objects passed through ellipsis (...), failing for uncopyable
 // objects.  We define this to ensure that only POD is passed through
 // ellipsis on these systems.
 #if defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || defined(__IBMCPP__) || \
      (defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && __SUNPRO_CC < 0x5130)
 // We lose support for NULL detection where the compiler doesn't like
 // passing non-POD classes through ellipsis (...).
 # define GTEST_ELLIPSIS_NEEDS_POD_ 1
 #else
 # define GTEST_CAN_COMPARE_NULL 1
 #endif
 
 // The Nokia Symbian and IBM XL C/C++ compilers cannot decide between
 // const T& and const T* in a function template.  These compilers
 // _can_ decide between class template specializations for T and T*,
 // so a tr1::type_traits-like is_pointer works.
 #if defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || defined(__IBMCPP__)
 # define GTEST_NEEDS_IS_POINTER_ 1
 #endif
 
 template <bool bool_value>
 struct bool_constant {
   typedef bool_constant<bool_value> type;
   static const bool value = bool_value;
 };
 template <bool bool_value> const bool bool_constant<bool_value>::value;
 
 typedef bool_constant<false> false_type;
 typedef bool_constant<true> true_type;
 
 template <typename T, typename U>
 struct is_same : public false_type {};
 
 template <typename T>
 struct is_same<T, T> : public true_type {};
 
 
 template <typename T>
 struct is_pointer : public false_type {};
 
 template <typename T>
 struct is_pointer<T*> : public true_type {};
 
 template <typename Iterator>
 struct IteratorTraits {
   typedef typename Iterator::value_type value_type;
 };
 
 
 template <typename T>
 struct IteratorTraits<T*> {
   typedef T value_type;
 };
 
 template <typename T>
 struct IteratorTraits<const T*> {
   typedef T value_type;
 };
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 # define GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "\\"
 # define GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_ 1
 // The biggest signed integer type the compiler supports.
 typedef __int64 BiggestInt;
 #else
 # define GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "/"
 # define GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_ 0
 typedef long long BiggestInt;  // NOLINT
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 // Utilities for char.
 
 // isspace(int ch) and friends accept an unsigned char or EOF.  char
 // may be signed, depending on the compiler (or compiler flags).
 // Therefore we need to cast a char to unsigned char before calling
 // isspace(), etc.
 
 inline bool IsAlpha(char ch) {
   return isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
 }
 inline bool IsAlNum(char ch) {
   return isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
 }
 inline bool IsDigit(char ch) {
   return isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
 }
 inline bool IsLower(char ch) {
   return islower(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
 }
 inline bool IsSpace(char ch) {
   return isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
 }
 inline bool IsUpper(char ch) {
   return isupper(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
 }
 inline bool IsXDigit(char ch) {
   return isxdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
 }
 inline bool IsXDigit(wchar_t ch) {
   const unsigned char low_byte = static_cast<unsigned char>(ch);
   return ch == low_byte && isxdigit(low_byte) != 0;
 }
 
 inline char ToLower(char ch) {
   return static_cast<char>(tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
 }
 inline char ToUpper(char ch) {
   return static_cast<char>(toupper(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
 }
 
 inline std::string StripTrailingSpaces(std::string str) {
   std::string::iterator it = str.end();
   while (it != str.begin() && IsSpace(*--it))
     it = str.erase(it);
   return str;
 }
 
 // The testing::internal::posix namespace holds wrappers for common
 // POSIX functions.  These wrappers hide the differences between
 // Windows/MSVC and POSIX systems.  Since some compilers define these
 // standard functions as macros, the wrapper cannot have the same name
 // as the wrapped function.
 
 namespace posix {
 
 // Functions with a different name on Windows.
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 typedef struct _stat StatStruct;
 
 # ifdef __BORLANDC__
 inline int IsATTY(int fd) { return isatty(fd); }
 inline int StrCaseCmp(const char* s1, const char* s2) {
   return stricmp(s1, s2);
 }
 inline char* StrDup(const char* src) { return strdup(src); }
 # else  // !__BORLANDC__
 #  if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 inline int IsATTY(int /* fd */) { return 0; }
 #  else
 inline int IsATTY(int fd) { return _isatty(fd); }
 #  endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 inline int StrCaseCmp(const char* s1, const char* s2) {
   return _stricmp(s1, s2);
 }
 inline char* StrDup(const char* src) { return _strdup(src); }
 # endif  // __BORLANDC__
 
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 inline int FileNo(FILE* file) { return reinterpret_cast<int>(_fileno(file)); }
 // Stat(), RmDir(), and IsDir() are not needed on Windows CE at this
 // time and thus not defined there.
 # else
 inline int FileNo(FILE* file) { return _fileno(file); }
 inline int Stat(const char* path, StatStruct* buf) { return _stat(path, buf); }
 inline int RmDir(const char* dir) { return _rmdir(dir); }
 inline bool IsDir(const StatStruct& st) {
   return (_S_IFDIR & st.st_mode) != 0;
 }
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
 #else
 
 typedef struct stat StatStruct;
 
 inline int FileNo(FILE* file) { return fileno(file); }
 inline int IsATTY(int fd) { return isatty(fd); }
 inline int Stat(const char* path, StatStruct* buf) { return stat(path, buf); }
 inline int StrCaseCmp(const char* s1, const char* s2) {
   return strcasecmp(s1, s2);
 }
 inline char* StrDup(const char* src) { return strdup(src); }
 inline int RmDir(const char* dir) { return rmdir(dir); }
 inline bool IsDir(const StatStruct& st) { return S_ISDIR(st.st_mode); }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 // Functions deprecated by MSVC 8.0.
 
 GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4996 /* deprecated function */)
 
 inline const char* StrNCpy(char* dest, const char* src, size_t n) {
   return strncpy(dest, src, n);
 }
 
 // ChDir(), FReopen(), FDOpen(), Read(), Write(), Close(), and
 // StrError() aren't needed on Windows CE at this time and thus not
 // defined there.
 
 #if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
 inline int ChDir(const char* dir) { return chdir(dir); }
 #endif
 inline FILE* FOpen(const char* path, const char* mode) {
   return fopen(path, mode);
 }
 #if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 inline FILE *FReopen(const char* path, const char* mode, FILE* stream) {
   return freopen(path, mode, stream);
 }
 inline FILE* FDOpen(int fd, const char* mode) { return fdopen(fd, mode); }
 #endif
 inline int FClose(FILE* fp) { return fclose(fp); }
 #if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 inline int Read(int fd, void* buf, unsigned int count) {
   return static_cast<int>(read(fd, buf, count));
 }
 inline int Write(int fd, const void* buf, unsigned int count) {
   return static_cast<int>(write(fd, buf, count));
 }
 inline int Close(int fd) { return close(fd); }
 inline const char* StrError(int errnum) { return strerror(errnum); }
 #endif
 inline const char* GetEnv(const char* name) {
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
   // We are on Windows CE, which has no environment variables.
   static_cast<void>(name);  // To prevent 'unused argument' warning.
   return NULL;
 #elif defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__SunOS_5_8) || defined(__SunOS_5_9)
   // Environment variables which we programmatically clear will be set to the
   // empty string rather than unset (NULL).  Handle that case.
   const char* const env = getenv(name);
   return (env != NULL && env[0] != '\0') ? env : NULL;
 #else
   return getenv(name);
 #endif
 }
 
 GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Windows CE has no C library. The abort() function is used in
 // several places in Google Test. This implementation provides a reasonable
 // imitation of standard behaviour.
 void Abort();
 #else
 inline void Abort() { abort(); }
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
 }  // namespace posix
 
 // MSVC "deprecates" snprintf and issues warnings wherever it is used.  In
 // order to avoid these warnings, we need to use _snprintf or _snprintf_s on
 // MSVC-based platforms.  We map the GTEST_SNPRINTF_ macro to the appropriate
 // function in order to achieve that.  We use macro definition here because
 // snprintf is a variadic function.
 #if _MSC_VER >= 1400 && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // MSVC 2005 and above support variadic macros.
 # define GTEST_SNPRINTF_(buffer, size, format, ...) \
      _snprintf_s(buffer, size, size, format, __VA_ARGS__)
 #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
 // Windows CE does not define _snprintf_s and MSVC prior to 2005 doesn't
 // complain about _snprintf.
 # define GTEST_SNPRINTF_ _snprintf
 #else
 # define GTEST_SNPRINTF_ snprintf
 #endif
 
 // The maximum number a BiggestInt can represent.  This definition
 // works no matter BiggestInt is represented in one's complement or
 // two's complement.
 //
 // We cannot rely on numeric_limits in STL, as __int64 and long long
 // are not part of standard C++ and numeric_limits doesn't need to be
 // defined for them.
 const BiggestInt kMaxBiggestInt =
     ~(static_cast<BiggestInt>(1) << (8*sizeof(BiggestInt) - 1));
 
 // This template class serves as a compile-time function from size to
 // type.  It maps a size in bytes to a primitive type with that
 // size. e.g.
 //
 //   TypeWithSize<4>::UInt
 //
 // is typedef-ed to be unsigned int (unsigned integer made up of 4
 // bytes).
 //
 // Such functionality should belong to STL, but I cannot find it
 // there.
 //
 // Google Test uses this class in the implementation of floating-point
 // comparison.
 //
 // For now it only handles UInt (unsigned int) as that's all Google Test
 // needs.  Other types can be easily added in the future if need
 // arises.
 template <size_t size>
 class TypeWithSize {
  public:
   // This prevents the user from using TypeWithSize<N> with incorrect
   // values of N.
   typedef void UInt;
 };
 
 // The specialization for size 4.
 template <>
 class TypeWithSize<4> {
  public:
   // unsigned int has size 4 in both gcc and MSVC.
   //
   // As base/basictypes.h doesn't compile on Windows, we cannot use
   // uint32, uint64, and etc here.
   typedef int Int;
   typedef unsigned int UInt;
 };
 
 // The specialization for size 8.
 template <>
 class TypeWithSize<8> {
  public:
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   typedef __int64 Int;
   typedef unsigned __int64 UInt;
 #else
   typedef long long Int;  // NOLINT
   typedef unsigned long long UInt;  // NOLINT
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 };
 
 // Integer types of known sizes.
 typedef TypeWithSize<4>::Int Int32;
 typedef TypeWithSize<4>::UInt UInt32;
 typedef TypeWithSize<8>::Int Int64;
 typedef TypeWithSize<8>::UInt UInt64;
 typedef TypeWithSize<8>::Int TimeInMillis;  // Represents time in milliseconds.
 
 // Utilities for command line flags and environment variables.
 
 // Macro for referencing flags.
 #if !defined(GTEST_FLAG)
 # define GTEST_FLAG(name) FLAGS_gtest_##name
 #endif  // !defined(GTEST_FLAG)
 
 #if !defined(GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_)
 # define GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_ 1
 #endif  // !defined(GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_)
 
 #if !defined(GTEST_DECLARE_bool_)
 # define GTEST_FLAG_SAVER_ ::testing::internal::GTestFlagSaver
 
 // Macros for declaring flags.
 # define GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(name) GTEST_API_ extern bool GTEST_FLAG(name)
 # define GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(name) \
     GTEST_API_ extern ::testing::internal::Int32 GTEST_FLAG(name)
 # define GTEST_DECLARE_string_(name) \
     GTEST_API_ extern ::std::string GTEST_FLAG(name)
 
 // Macros for defining flags.
 # define GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(name, default_val, doc) \
     GTEST_API_ bool GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
 # define GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(name, default_val, doc) \
     GTEST_API_ ::testing::internal::Int32 GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
 # define GTEST_DEFINE_string_(name, default_val, doc) \
     GTEST_API_ ::std::string GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
 
 #endif  // !defined(GTEST_DECLARE_bool_)
 
 // Thread annotations
 #if !defined(GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_)
 # define GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(locks)
 # define GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(locks)
 #endif  // !defined(GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_)
 
 // Parses 'str' for a 32-bit signed integer.  If successful, writes the result
 // to *value and returns true; otherwise leaves *value unchanged and returns
 // false.
 // TODO(chandlerc): Find a better way to refactor flag and environment parsing
 // out of both gtest-port.cc and gtest.cc to avoid exporting this utility
 // function.
 bool ParseInt32(const Message& src_text, const char* str, Int32* value);
 
 // Parses a bool/Int32/string from the environment variable
 // corresponding to the given Google Test flag.
 bool BoolFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, bool default_val);
 GTEST_API_ Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char* flag, Int32 default_val);
 std::string OutputFlagAlsoCheckEnvVar();
 const char* StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_val);
 
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
diff --git a/googletest/src/gtest-death-test.cc b/googletest/src/gtest-death-test.cc
index 9ecab8f9..eef6ed29 100644
--- a/googletest/src/gtest-death-test.cc
+++ b/googletest/src/gtest-death-test.cc
@@ -1,1346 +1,1529 @@
 // Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
 // All rights reserved.
 //
 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 // met:
 //
 //     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 //     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
 // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 // distribution.
 //     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
 // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 // this software without specific prior written permission.
 //
 // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
 // Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan), vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
 //
 // This file implements death tests.
 
 #include "gtest/gtest-death-test.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/custom/gtest.h"
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 # if GTEST_OS_MAC
 #  include <crt_externs.h>
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
 
 # include <errno.h>
 # include <fcntl.h>
 # include <limits.h>
 
 # if GTEST_OS_LINUX
 #  include <signal.h>
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
 
 # include <stdarg.h>
 
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 #  include <windows.h>
 # else
 #  include <sys/mman.h>
 #  include <sys/wait.h>
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 # if GTEST_OS_QNX
 #  include <spawn.h>
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
 
+# if GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+#  include <launchpad/launchpad.h>
+#  include <zircon/syscalls.h>
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 #include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
 
 namespace testing {
 
 // Constants.
 
 // The default death test style.
 //
 // This is defined in internal/gtest-port.h as "fast", but can be overridden by
 // a definition in internal/custom/gtest-port.h. The recommended value, which is
 // used internally at Google, is "threadsafe".
 static const char kDefaultDeathTestStyle[] = GTEST_DEFAULT_DEATH_TEST_STYLE;
 
 GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
     death_test_style,
     internal::StringFromGTestEnv("death_test_style", kDefaultDeathTestStyle),
     "Indicates how to run a death test in a forked child process: "
     "\"threadsafe\" (child process re-executes the test binary "
     "from the beginning, running only the specific death test) or "
     "\"fast\" (child process runs the death test immediately "
     "after forking).");
 
 GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
     death_test_use_fork,
     internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("death_test_use_fork", false),
     "Instructs to use fork()/_exit() instead of clone() in death tests. "
     "Ignored and always uses fork() on POSIX systems where clone() is not "
     "implemented. Useful when running under valgrind or similar tools if "
     "those do not support clone(). Valgrind 3.3.1 will just fail if "
     "it sees an unsupported combination of clone() flags. "
     "It is not recommended to use this flag w/o valgrind though it will "
     "work in 99% of the cases. Once valgrind is fixed, this flag will "
     "most likely be removed.");
 
 namespace internal {
 GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
     internal_run_death_test, "",
     "Indicates the file, line number, temporal index of "
     "the single death test to run, and a file descriptor to "
     "which a success code may be sent, all separated by "
     "the '|' characters.  This flag is specified if and only if the current "
     "process is a sub-process launched for running a thread-safe "
     "death test.  FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY.");
 }  // namespace internal
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 namespace internal {
 
 // Valid only for fast death tests. Indicates the code is running in the
 // child process of a fast style death test.
 # if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 static bool g_in_fast_death_test_child = false;
 # endif
 
 // Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the caller is currently
 // executing in the context of the death test child process.  Tools such as
 // Valgrind heap checkers may need this to modify their behavior in death
 // tests.  IMPORTANT: This is an internal utility.  Using it may break the
 // implementation of death tests.  User code MUST NOT use it.
 bool InDeathTestChild() {
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS || GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
 
   // On Windows, death tests are thread-safe regardless of the value of the
   // death_test_style flag.
   return !GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).empty();
 
 # else
 
   if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe")
     return !GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).empty();
   else
     return g_in_fast_death_test_child;
 #endif
 }
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
 // ExitedWithCode constructor.
 ExitedWithCode::ExitedWithCode(int exit_code) : exit_code_(exit_code) {
 }
 
 // ExitedWithCode function-call operator.
 bool ExitedWithCode::operator()(int exit_status) const {
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
   return exit_status == exit_code_;
 
 # else
 
   return WIFEXITED(exit_status) && WEXITSTATUS(exit_status) == exit_code_;
 
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 }
 
 # if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 // KilledBySignal constructor.
 KilledBySignal::KilledBySignal(int signum) : signum_(signum) {
 }
 
 // KilledBySignal function-call operator.
 bool KilledBySignal::operator()(int exit_status) const {
 #  if defined(GTEST_KILLED_BY_SIGNAL_OVERRIDE_)
   {
     bool result;
     if (GTEST_KILLED_BY_SIGNAL_OVERRIDE_(signum_, exit_status, &result)) {
       return result;
     }
   }
 #  endif  // defined(GTEST_KILLED_BY_SIGNAL_OVERRIDE_)
   return WIFSIGNALED(exit_status) && WTERMSIG(exit_status) == signum_;
 }
 # endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 namespace internal {
 
 // Utilities needed for death tests.
 
 // Generates a textual description of a given exit code, in the format
 // specified by wait(2).
 static std::string ExitSummary(int exit_code) {
   Message m;
 
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
   m << "Exited with exit status " << exit_code;
 
 # else
 
   if (WIFEXITED(exit_code)) {
     m << "Exited with exit status " << WEXITSTATUS(exit_code);
   } else if (WIFSIGNALED(exit_code)) {
     m << "Terminated by signal " << WTERMSIG(exit_code);
   }
 #  ifdef WCOREDUMP
   if (WCOREDUMP(exit_code)) {
     m << " (core dumped)";
   }
 #  endif
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
   return m.GetString();
 }
 
 // Returns true if exit_status describes a process that was terminated
 // by a signal, or exited normally with a nonzero exit code.
 bool ExitedUnsuccessfully(int exit_status) {
   return !ExitedWithCode(0)(exit_status);
 }
 
-# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
 // Generates a textual failure message when a death test finds more than
 // one thread running, or cannot determine the number of threads, prior
 // to executing the given statement.  It is the responsibility of the
 // caller not to pass a thread_count of 1.
 static std::string DeathTestThreadWarning(size_t thread_count) {
   Message msg;
   msg << "Death tests use fork(), which is unsafe particularly"
       << " in a threaded context. For this test, " << GTEST_NAME_ << " ";
   if (thread_count == 0)
     msg << "couldn't detect the number of threads.";
   else
     msg << "detected " << thread_count << " threads.";
   return msg.GetString();
 }
 # endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 // Flag characters for reporting a death test that did not die.
 static const char kDeathTestLived = 'L';
 static const char kDeathTestReturned = 'R';
 static const char kDeathTestThrew = 'T';
 static const char kDeathTestInternalError = 'I';
 
 // An enumeration describing all of the possible ways that a death test can
 // conclude.  DIED means that the process died while executing the test
 // code; LIVED means that process lived beyond the end of the test code;
 // RETURNED means that the test statement attempted to execute a return
 // statement, which is not allowed; THREW means that the test statement
 // returned control by throwing an exception.  IN_PROGRESS means the test
 // has not yet concluded.
 // TODO(vladl@google.com): Unify names and possibly values for
 // AbortReason, DeathTestOutcome, and flag characters above.
 enum DeathTestOutcome { IN_PROGRESS, DIED, LIVED, RETURNED, THREW };
 
 // Routine for aborting the program which is safe to call from an
 // exec-style death test child process, in which case the error
 // message is propagated back to the parent process.  Otherwise, the
 // message is simply printed to stderr.  In either case, the program
 // then exits with status 1.
 static void DeathTestAbort(const std::string& message) {
   // On a POSIX system, this function may be called from a threadsafe-style
   // death test child process, which operates on a very small stack.  Use
   // the heap for any additional non-minuscule memory requirements.
   const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
       GetUnitTestImpl()->internal_run_death_test_flag();
   if (flag != NULL) {
     FILE* parent = posix::FDOpen(flag->write_fd(), "w");
     fputc(kDeathTestInternalError, parent);
     fprintf(parent, "%s", message.c_str());
     fflush(parent);
     _exit(1);
   } else {
     fprintf(stderr, "%s", message.c_str());
     fflush(stderr);
     posix::Abort();
   }
 }
 
 // A replacement for CHECK that calls DeathTestAbort if the assertion
 // fails.
 # define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(expression) \
   do { \
     if (!::testing::internal::IsTrue(expression)) { \
       DeathTestAbort( \
           ::std::string("CHECK failed: File ") + __FILE__ +  ", line " \
           + ::testing::internal::StreamableToString(__LINE__) + ": " \
           + #expression); \
     } \
   } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
 
 // This macro is similar to GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_, but it is meant for
 // evaluating any system call that fulfills two conditions: it must return
 // -1 on failure, and set errno to EINTR when it is interrupted and
 // should be tried again.  The macro expands to a loop that repeatedly
 // evaluates the expression as long as it evaluates to -1 and sets
 // errno to EINTR.  If the expression evaluates to -1 but errno is
 // something other than EINTR, DeathTestAbort is called.
 # define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(expression) \
   do { \
     int gtest_retval; \
     do { \
       gtest_retval = (expression); \
     } while (gtest_retval == -1 && errno == EINTR); \
     if (gtest_retval == -1) { \
       DeathTestAbort( \
           ::std::string("CHECK failed: File ") + __FILE__ + ", line " \
           + ::testing::internal::StreamableToString(__LINE__) + ": " \
           + #expression + " != -1"); \
     } \
   } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
 
 // Returns the message describing the last system error in errno.
 std::string GetLastErrnoDescription() {
     return errno == 0 ? "" : posix::StrError(errno);
 }
 
 // This is called from a death test parent process to read a failure
 // message from the death test child process and log it with the FATAL
 // severity. On Windows, the message is read from a pipe handle. On other
 // platforms, it is read from a file descriptor.
 static void FailFromInternalError(int fd) {
   Message error;
   char buffer[256];
   int num_read;
 
   do {
     while ((num_read = posix::Read(fd, buffer, 255)) > 0) {
       buffer[num_read] = '\0';
       error << buffer;
     }
   } while (num_read == -1 && errno == EINTR);
 
   if (num_read == 0) {
     GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << error.GetString();
   } else {
     const int last_error = errno;
     GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Error while reading death test internal: "
                       << GetLastErrnoDescription() << " [" << last_error << "]";
   }
 }
 
 // Death test constructor.  Increments the running death test count
 // for the current test.
 DeathTest::DeathTest() {
   TestInfo* const info = GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_info();
   if (info == NULL) {
     DeathTestAbort("Cannot run a death test outside of a TEST or "
                    "TEST_F construct");
   }
 }
 
 // Creates and returns a death test by dispatching to the current
 // death test factory.
 bool DeathTest::Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
                        const char* file, int line, DeathTest** test) {
   return GetUnitTestImpl()->death_test_factory()->Create(
       statement, regex, file, line, test);
 }
 
 const char* DeathTest::LastMessage() {
   return last_death_test_message_.c_str();
 }
 
 void DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(const std::string& message) {
   last_death_test_message_ = message;
 }
 
 std::string DeathTest::last_death_test_message_;
 
 // Provides cross platform implementation for some death functionality.
 class DeathTestImpl : public DeathTest {
  protected:
   DeathTestImpl(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex)
       : statement_(a_statement),
         regex_(a_regex),
         spawned_(false),
         status_(-1),
         outcome_(IN_PROGRESS),
         read_fd_(-1),
         write_fd_(-1) {}
 
   // read_fd_ is expected to be closed and cleared by a derived class.
   ~DeathTestImpl() { GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(read_fd_ == -1); }
 
   void Abort(AbortReason reason);
   virtual bool Passed(bool status_ok);
 
   const char* statement() const { return statement_; }
   const RE* regex() const { return regex_; }
   bool spawned() const { return spawned_; }
   void set_spawned(bool is_spawned) { spawned_ = is_spawned; }
   int status() const { return status_; }
   void set_status(int a_status) { status_ = a_status; }
   DeathTestOutcome outcome() const { return outcome_; }
   void set_outcome(DeathTestOutcome an_outcome) { outcome_ = an_outcome; }
   int read_fd() const { return read_fd_; }
   void set_read_fd(int fd) { read_fd_ = fd; }
   int write_fd() const { return write_fd_; }
   void set_write_fd(int fd) { write_fd_ = fd; }
 
   // Called in the parent process only. Reads the result code of the death
   // test child process via a pipe, interprets it to set the outcome_
   // member, and closes read_fd_.  Outputs diagnostics and terminates in
   // case of unexpected codes.
   void ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();
 
  private:
   // The textual content of the code this object is testing.  This class
   // doesn't own this string and should not attempt to delete it.
   const char* const statement_;
   // The regular expression which test output must match.  DeathTestImpl
   // doesn't own this object and should not attempt to delete it.
   const RE* const regex_;
   // True if the death test child process has been successfully spawned.
   bool spawned_;
   // The exit status of the child process.
   int status_;
   // How the death test concluded.
   DeathTestOutcome outcome_;
   // Descriptor to the read end of the pipe to the child process.  It is
   // always -1 in the child process.  The child keeps its write end of the
   // pipe in write_fd_.
   int read_fd_;
   // Descriptor to the child's write end of the pipe to the parent process.
   // It is always -1 in the parent process.  The parent keeps its end of the
   // pipe in read_fd_.
   int write_fd_;
 };
 
 // Called in the parent process only. Reads the result code of the death
 // test child process via a pipe, interprets it to set the outcome_
 // member, and closes read_fd_.  Outputs diagnostics and terminates in
 // case of unexpected codes.
 void DeathTestImpl::ReadAndInterpretStatusByte() {
   char flag;
   int bytes_read;
 
   // The read() here blocks until data is available (signifying the
   // failure of the death test) or until the pipe is closed (signifying
   // its success), so it's okay to call this in the parent before
   // the child process has exited.
   do {
     bytes_read = posix::Read(read_fd(), &flag, 1);
   } while (bytes_read == -1 && errno == EINTR);
 
   if (bytes_read == 0) {
     set_outcome(DIED);
   } else if (bytes_read == 1) {
     switch (flag) {
       case kDeathTestReturned:
         set_outcome(RETURNED);
         break;
       case kDeathTestThrew:
         set_outcome(THREW);
         break;
       case kDeathTestLived:
         set_outcome(LIVED);
         break;
       case kDeathTestInternalError:
         FailFromInternalError(read_fd());  // Does not return.
         break;
       default:
         GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Death test child process reported "
                           << "unexpected status byte ("
                           << static_cast<unsigned int>(flag) << ")";
     }
   } else {
     GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Read from death test child process failed: "
                       << GetLastErrnoDescription();
   }
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(posix::Close(read_fd()));
   set_read_fd(-1);
 }
 
 // Signals that the death test code which should have exited, didn't.
 // Should be called only in a death test child process.
 // Writes a status byte to the child's status file descriptor, then
 // calls _exit(1).
 void DeathTestImpl::Abort(AbortReason reason) {
   // The parent process considers the death test to be a failure if
   // it finds any data in our pipe.  So, here we write a single flag byte
   // to the pipe, then exit.
   const char status_ch =
       reason == TEST_DID_NOT_DIE ? kDeathTestLived :
       reason == TEST_THREW_EXCEPTION ? kDeathTestThrew : kDeathTestReturned;
 
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(posix::Write(write_fd(), &status_ch, 1));
   // We are leaking the descriptor here because on some platforms (i.e.,
   // when built as Windows DLL), destructors of global objects will still
   // run after calling _exit(). On such systems, write_fd_ will be
   // indirectly closed from the destructor of UnitTestImpl, causing double
   // close if it is also closed here. On debug configurations, double close
   // may assert. As there are no in-process buffers to flush here, we are
   // relying on the OS to close the descriptor after the process terminates
   // when the destructors are not run.
   _exit(1);  // Exits w/o any normal exit hooks (we were supposed to crash)
 }
 
 // Returns an indented copy of stderr output for a death test.
 // This makes distinguishing death test output lines from regular log lines
 // much easier.
 static ::std::string FormatDeathTestOutput(const ::std::string& output) {
   ::std::string ret;
   for (size_t at = 0; ; ) {
     const size_t line_end = output.find('\n', at);
     ret += "[  DEATH   ] ";
     if (line_end == ::std::string::npos) {
       ret += output.substr(at);
       break;
     }
     ret += output.substr(at, line_end + 1 - at);
     at = line_end + 1;
   }
   return ret;
 }
 
 // Assesses the success or failure of a death test, using both private
 // members which have previously been set, and one argument:
 //
 // Private data members:
 //   outcome:  An enumeration describing how the death test
 //             concluded: DIED, LIVED, THREW, or RETURNED.  The death test
 //             fails in the latter three cases.
 //   status:   The exit status of the child process. On *nix, it is in the
 //             in the format specified by wait(2). On Windows, this is the
 //             value supplied to the ExitProcess() API or a numeric code
 //             of the exception that terminated the program.
 //   regex:    A regular expression object to be applied to
 //             the test's captured standard error output; the death test
 //             fails if it does not match.
 //
 // Argument:
 //   status_ok: true if exit_status is acceptable in the context of
 //              this particular death test, which fails if it is false
 //
 // Returns true iff all of the above conditions are met.  Otherwise, the
 // first failing condition, in the order given above, is the one that is
 // reported. Also sets the last death test message string.
 bool DeathTestImpl::Passed(bool status_ok) {
   if (!spawned())
     return false;
 
   const std::string error_message = GetCapturedStderr();
 
   bool success = false;
   Message buffer;
 
   buffer << "Death test: " << statement() << "\n";
   switch (outcome()) {
     case LIVED:
       buffer << "    Result: failed to die.\n"
              << " Error msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
       break;
     case THREW:
       buffer << "    Result: threw an exception.\n"
              << " Error msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
       break;
     case RETURNED:
       buffer << "    Result: illegal return in test statement.\n"
              << " Error msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
       break;
     case DIED:
       if (status_ok) {
 # if GTEST_USES_PCRE
         // PCRE regexes support embedded NULs.
         // GTEST_USES_PCRE is defined only in google3 mode
         const bool matched = RE::PartialMatch(error_message, *regex());
 # else
         const bool matched = RE::PartialMatch(error_message.c_str(), *regex());
 # endif  // GTEST_USES_PCRE
         if (matched) {
           success = true;
         } else {
           buffer << "    Result: died but not with expected error.\n"
                  << "  Expected: " << regex()->pattern() << "\n"
                  << "Actual msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
         }
       } else {
         buffer << "    Result: died but not with expected exit code:\n"
                << "            " << ExitSummary(status()) << "\n"
                << "Actual msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
       }
       break;
     case IN_PROGRESS:
     default:
       GTEST_LOG_(FATAL)
           << "DeathTest::Passed somehow called before conclusion of test";
   }
 
   DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(buffer.GetString());
   return success;
 }
 
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 // WindowsDeathTest implements death tests on Windows. Due to the
 // specifics of starting new processes on Windows, death tests there are
 // always threadsafe, and Google Test considers the
 // --gtest_death_test_style=fast setting to be equivalent to
 // --gtest_death_test_style=threadsafe there.
 //
 // A few implementation notes:  Like the Linux version, the Windows
 // implementation uses pipes for child-to-parent communication. But due to
 // the specifics of pipes on Windows, some extra steps are required:
 //
 // 1. The parent creates a communication pipe and stores handles to both
 //    ends of it.
 // 2. The parent starts the child and provides it with the information
 //    necessary to acquire the handle to the write end of the pipe.
 // 3. The child acquires the write end of the pipe and signals the parent
 //    using a Windows event.
 // 4. Now the parent can release the write end of the pipe on its side. If
 //    this is done before step 3, the object's reference count goes down to
 //    0 and it is destroyed, preventing the child from acquiring it. The
 //    parent now has to release it, or read operations on the read end of
 //    the pipe will not return when the child terminates.
 // 5. The parent reads child's output through the pipe (outcome code and
 //    any possible error messages) from the pipe, and its stderr and then
 //    determines whether to fail the test.
 //
 // Note: to distinguish Win32 API calls from the local method and function
 // calls, the former are explicitly resolved in the global namespace.
 //
 class WindowsDeathTest : public DeathTestImpl {
  public:
   WindowsDeathTest(const char* a_statement,
                    const RE* a_regex,
                    const char* file,
                    int line)
       : DeathTestImpl(a_statement, a_regex), file_(file), line_(line) {}
 
   // All of these virtual functions are inherited from DeathTest.
   virtual int Wait();
   virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
 
  private:
   // The name of the file in which the death test is located.
   const char* const file_;
   // The line number on which the death test is located.
   const int line_;
   // Handle to the write end of the pipe to the child process.
   AutoHandle write_handle_;
   // Child process handle.
   AutoHandle child_handle_;
   // Event the child process uses to signal the parent that it has
   // acquired the handle to the write end of the pipe. After seeing this
   // event the parent can release its own handles to make sure its
   // ReadFile() calls return when the child terminates.
   AutoHandle event_handle_;
 };
 
 // Waits for the child in a death test to exit, returning its exit
 // status, or 0 if no child process exists.  As a side effect, sets the
 // outcome data member.
 int WindowsDeathTest::Wait() {
   if (!spawned())
     return 0;
 
   // Wait until the child either signals that it has acquired the write end
   // of the pipe or it dies.
   const HANDLE wait_handles[2] = { child_handle_.Get(), event_handle_.Get() };
   switch (::WaitForMultipleObjects(2,
                                    wait_handles,
                                    FALSE,  // Waits for any of the handles.
                                    INFINITE)) {
     case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
     case WAIT_OBJECT_0 + 1:
       break;
     default:
       GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(false);  // Should not get here.
   }
 
   // The child has acquired the write end of the pipe or exited.
   // We release the handle on our side and continue.
   write_handle_.Reset();
   event_handle_.Reset();
 
   ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();
 
   // Waits for the child process to exit if it haven't already. This
   // returns immediately if the child has already exited, regardless of
   // whether previous calls to WaitForMultipleObjects synchronized on this
   // handle or not.
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
       WAIT_OBJECT_0 == ::WaitForSingleObject(child_handle_.Get(),
                                              INFINITE));
   DWORD status_code;
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
       ::GetExitCodeProcess(child_handle_.Get(), &status_code) != FALSE);
   child_handle_.Reset();
   set_status(static_cast<int>(status_code));
   return status();
 }
 
 // The AssumeRole process for a Windows death test.  It creates a child
 // process with the same executable as the current process to run the
 // death test.  The child process is given the --gtest_filter and
 // --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags such that it knows to run the
 // current death test only.
 DeathTest::TestRole WindowsDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
   const UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
   const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
       impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
   const TestInfo* const info = impl->current_test_info();
   const int death_test_index = info->result()->death_test_count();
 
   if (flag != NULL) {
     // ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() has performed all the necessary
     // processing.
     set_write_fd(flag->write_fd());
     return EXECUTE_TEST;
   }
 
   // WindowsDeathTest uses an anonymous pipe to communicate results of
   // a death test.
   SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES handles_are_inheritable = {
     sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES), NULL, TRUE };
   HANDLE read_handle, write_handle;
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
       ::CreatePipe(&read_handle, &write_handle, &handles_are_inheritable,
                    0)  // Default buffer size.
       != FALSE);
   set_read_fd(::_open_osfhandle(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(read_handle),
                                 O_RDONLY));
   write_handle_.Reset(write_handle);
   event_handle_.Reset(::CreateEvent(
       &handles_are_inheritable,
       TRUE,    // The event will automatically reset to non-signaled state.
       FALSE,   // The initial state is non-signalled.
       NULL));  // The even is unnamed.
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(event_handle_.Get() != NULL);
   const std::string filter_flag =
       std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kFilterFlag + "=" +
       info->test_case_name() + "." + info->name();
   const std::string internal_flag =
       std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kInternalRunDeathTestFlag +
       "=" + file_ + "|" + StreamableToString(line_) + "|" +
       StreamableToString(death_test_index) + "|" +
       StreamableToString(static_cast<unsigned int>(::GetCurrentProcessId())) +
       // size_t has the same width as pointers on both 32-bit and 64-bit
       // Windows platforms.
       // See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tcxf1dw6.aspx.
       "|" + StreamableToString(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(write_handle)) +
       "|" + StreamableToString(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(event_handle_.Get()));
 
   char executable_path[_MAX_PATH + 1];  // NOLINT
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
       _MAX_PATH + 1 != ::GetModuleFileNameA(NULL,
                                             executable_path,
                                             _MAX_PATH));
 
   std::string command_line =
       std::string(::GetCommandLineA()) + " " + filter_flag + " \"" +
       internal_flag + "\"";
 
   DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
 
   CaptureStderr();
   // Flush the log buffers since the log streams are shared with the child.
   FlushInfoLog();
 
   // The child process will share the standard handles with the parent.
   STARTUPINFOA startup_info;
   memset(&startup_info, 0, sizeof(STARTUPINFO));
   startup_info.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
   startup_info.hStdInput = ::GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
   startup_info.hStdOutput = ::GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
   startup_info.hStdError = ::GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);
 
   PROCESS_INFORMATION process_info;
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(::CreateProcessA(
       executable_path,
       const_cast<char*>(command_line.c_str()),
       NULL,   // Retuned process handle is not inheritable.
       NULL,   // Retuned thread handle is not inheritable.
       TRUE,   // Child inherits all inheritable handles (for write_handle_).
       0x0,    // Default creation flags.
       NULL,   // Inherit the parent's environment.
       UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir(),
       &startup_info,
       &process_info) != FALSE);
   child_handle_.Reset(process_info.hProcess);
   ::CloseHandle(process_info.hThread);
   set_spawned(true);
   return OVERSEE_TEST;
 }
-# else  // We are not on Windows.
+
+# elif GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+
+class FuchsiaDeathTest : public DeathTestImpl {
+ public:
+  FuchsiaDeathTest(const char* a_statement,
+                   const RE* a_regex,
+                   const char* file,
+                   int line)
+      : DeathTestImpl(a_statement, a_regex), file_(file), line_(line) {}
+
+  // All of these virtual functions are inherited from DeathTest.
+  virtual int Wait();
+  virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
+
+ private:
+  // The name of the file in which the death test is located.
+  const char* const file_;
+  // The line number on which the death test is located.
+  const int line_;
+
+  zx_handle_t child_process_;
+  // zx_handle_t crash_port_;
+};
+
+// Utility class for accumulating command-line arguments.
+class Arguments {
+ public:
+  Arguments() {
+    args_.push_back(NULL);
+  }
+
+  ~Arguments() {
+    for (std::vector<char*>::iterator i = args_.begin(); i != args_.end();
+         ++i) {
+      free(*i);
+    }
+  }
+  void AddArgument(const char* argument) {
+    args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(argument));
+  }
+
+  template <typename Str>
+  void AddArguments(const ::std::vector<Str>& arguments) {
+    for (typename ::std::vector<Str>::const_iterator i = arguments.begin();
+         i != arguments.end();
+         ++i) {
+      args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(i->c_str()));
+    }
+  }
+  char* const* Argv() {
+    return &args_[0];
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::vector<char*> args_;
+};
+
+// Waits for the child in a death test to exit, returning its exit
+// status, or 0 if no child process exists.  As a side effect, sets the
+// outcome data member.
+int FuchsiaDeathTest::Wait() {
+  if (!spawned())
+    return 0;
+
+  ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();
+
+  // Wait for child process to terminate.
+  zx_status_t status_zx;
+  zx_signals_t signals;
+  status_zx = zx_object_wait_one(
+    child_process_,
+    ZX_PROCESS_TERMINATED,
+    ZX_TIME_INFINITE,
+    &signals);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(status_zx == ZX_OK);
+
+  // Do we need this?
+  // // Attempt to read the crash port.
+  // zx_port_packet_t packet;
+  // status = zx_port_wait(crash_port_, past, &packet, 1)
+  // if (status == ZX_ERR_TIMED_OUT) {
+  //   // Process did not crash.
+  //   set_outcome(LIVED);
+  //   return status();
+  // }
+
+  zx_info_process_t buffer;
+  size_t actual;
+  size_t avail;
+  status_zx = zx_object_get_info(child_process_, ZX_INFO_PROCESS, &buffer, sizeof(buffer), &actual, &avail);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(status_zx == ZX_OK);
+
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(buffer.exited);
+  set_status(buffer.return_code);
+  return status();
+}
+
+// The AssumeRole process for a Fuchsia death test.  It creates a child
+// process with the same executable as the current process to run the
+// death test.  The child process is given the --gtest_filter and
+// --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags such that it knows to run the
+// current death test only.
+DeathTest::TestRole FuchsiaDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
+  const UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
+  const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
+      impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
+  const TestInfo* const info = impl->current_test_info();
+  const int death_test_index = info->result()->death_test_count();
+
+  if (flag != NULL) {
+    // ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() has performed all the necessary
+    // processing.
+    set_write_fd(flag->write_fd());
+    return EXECUTE_TEST;
+  }
+
+  // Create the crash port to report on.
+  // zx_status_t status = zx_port_create(0, &crash_port_);
+  // GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(status == ZX_OK);
+
+  CaptureStderr();
+  // Flush the log buffers since the log streams are shared with the child.
+  FlushInfoLog();
+
+  // Build the child process launcher.
+  launchpad_t* lp;
+  zx_status_t status;
+  status = launchpad_create(ZX_HANDLE_INVALID, "processname", &lp);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(status == ZX_OK);
+
+  // Build the writing pipe for the child.
+  int write_fd;
+  status = launchpad_add_pipe(lp, &write_fd, read_fd());
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(status == ZX_OK);
+
+  // Build the child command line.
+  const std::string filter_flag =
+      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kFilterFlag + "="
+      + info->test_case_name() + "." + info->name();
+  const std::string internal_flag =
+      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kInternalRunDeathTestFlag + "="
+      + file_ + "|" + StreamableToString(line_) + "|"
+      + StreamableToString(death_test_index) + "|"
+      + StreamableToString(write_fd);
+  Arguments args;
+  args.AddArguments(GetInjectableArgvs());
+  args.AddArgument(filter_flag.c_str());
+  args.AddArgument(internal_flag.c_str());
+
+  status = launchpad_load_from_file(lp, args.Argv()[0]);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(status == ZX_OK);
+  status = launchpad_set_args(lp, GetArgvs().size() + 2, args.Argv());
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(status == ZX_OK);
+
+  // Launch the child process.
+  zx_handle_t proc;
+  const char* errmsg;
+  status = launchpad_go(lp, &proc, &errmsg);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(status == ZX_OK);
+  child_process_ = proc;
+
+  // bind the crash port. This should be moved to before launching the process.
+  // FIXME: I don't think this is necessary
+  // status = zx_task_bind_exception_port(child_process_, crash_port_, 0xabcabc, 0);
+  // GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(status == ZX_OK);
+
+  set_spawned(true);
+  return OVERSEE_TEST;
+}
+
+#else  // We are neither on Windows, nor on Fuchsia.
 
 // ForkingDeathTest provides implementations for most of the abstract
 // methods of the DeathTest interface.  Only the AssumeRole method is
 // left undefined.
 class ForkingDeathTest : public DeathTestImpl {
  public:
   ForkingDeathTest(const char* statement, const RE* regex);
 
   // All of these virtual functions are inherited from DeathTest.
   virtual int Wait();
 
  protected:
   void set_child_pid(pid_t child_pid) { child_pid_ = child_pid; }
 
  private:
   // PID of child process during death test; 0 in the child process itself.
   pid_t child_pid_;
 };
 
 // Constructs a ForkingDeathTest.
 ForkingDeathTest::ForkingDeathTest(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex)
     : DeathTestImpl(a_statement, a_regex),
       child_pid_(-1) {}
 
 // Waits for the child in a death test to exit, returning its exit
 // status, or 0 if no child process exists.  As a side effect, sets the
 // outcome data member.
 int ForkingDeathTest::Wait() {
   if (!spawned())
     return 0;
 
   ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();
 
   int status_value;
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(waitpid(child_pid_, &status_value, 0));
   set_status(status_value);
   return status_value;
 }
 
 // A concrete death test class that forks, then immediately runs the test
 // in the child process.
 class NoExecDeathTest : public ForkingDeathTest {
  public:
   NoExecDeathTest(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex) :
       ForkingDeathTest(a_statement, a_regex) { }
   virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
 };
 
 // The AssumeRole process for a fork-and-run death test.  It implements a
 // straightforward fork, with a simple pipe to transmit the status byte.
 DeathTest::TestRole NoExecDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
   const size_t thread_count = GetThreadCount();
   if (thread_count != 1) {
     GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) << DeathTestThreadWarning(thread_count);
   }
 
   int pipe_fd[2];
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(pipe(pipe_fd) != -1);
 
   DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
   CaptureStderr();
   // When we fork the process below, the log file buffers are copied, but the
   // file descriptors are shared.  We flush all log files here so that closing
   // the file descriptors in the child process doesn't throw off the
   // synchronization between descriptors and buffers in the parent process.
   // This is as close to the fork as possible to avoid a race condition in case
   // there are multiple threads running before the death test, and another
   // thread writes to the log file.
   FlushInfoLog();
 
   const pid_t child_pid = fork();
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(child_pid != -1);
   set_child_pid(child_pid);
   if (child_pid == 0) {
     GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[0]));
     set_write_fd(pipe_fd[1]);
     // Redirects all logging to stderr in the child process to prevent
     // concurrent writes to the log files.  We capture stderr in the parent
     // process and append the child process' output to a log.
     LogToStderr();
     // Event forwarding to the listeners of event listener API mush be shut
     // down in death test subprocesses.
     GetUnitTestImpl()->listeners()->SuppressEventForwarding();
     g_in_fast_death_test_child = true;
     return EXECUTE_TEST;
   } else {
     GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[1]));
     set_read_fd(pipe_fd[0]);
     set_spawned(true);
     return OVERSEE_TEST;
   }
 }
 
 // A concrete death test class that forks and re-executes the main
 // program from the beginning, with command-line flags set that cause
 // only this specific death test to be run.
 class ExecDeathTest : public ForkingDeathTest {
  public:
   ExecDeathTest(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex,
                 const char* file, int line) :
       ForkingDeathTest(a_statement, a_regex), file_(file), line_(line) { }
   virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
  private:
   static ::std::vector<std::string> GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess() {
     ::std::vector<std::string> args = GetInjectableArgvs();
 #  if defined(GTEST_EXTRA_DEATH_TEST_COMMAND_LINE_ARGS_)
     ::std::vector<std::string> extra_args =
         GTEST_EXTRA_DEATH_TEST_COMMAND_LINE_ARGS_();
     args.insert(args.end(), extra_args.begin(), extra_args.end());
 #  endif  // defined(GTEST_EXTRA_DEATH_TEST_COMMAND_LINE_ARGS_)
     return args;
   }
   // The name of the file in which the death test is located.
   const char* const file_;
   // The line number on which the death test is located.
   const int line_;
 };
 
 // Utility class for accumulating command-line arguments.
 class Arguments {
  public:
   Arguments() {
     args_.push_back(NULL);
   }
 
   ~Arguments() {
     for (std::vector<char*>::iterator i = args_.begin(); i != args_.end();
          ++i) {
       free(*i);
     }
   }
   void AddArgument(const char* argument) {
     args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(argument));
   }
 
   template <typename Str>
   void AddArguments(const ::std::vector<Str>& arguments) {
     for (typename ::std::vector<Str>::const_iterator i = arguments.begin();
          i != arguments.end();
          ++i) {
       args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(i->c_str()));
     }
   }
   char* const* Argv() {
     return &args_[0];
   }
 
  private:
   std::vector<char*> args_;
 };
 
 // A struct that encompasses the arguments to the child process of a
 // threadsafe-style death test process.
 struct ExecDeathTestArgs {
   char* const* argv;  // Command-line arguments for the child's call to exec
   int close_fd;       // File descriptor to close; the read end of a pipe
 };
 
 #  if GTEST_OS_MAC
 inline char** GetEnviron() {
   // When Google Test is built as a framework on MacOS X, the environ variable
   // is unavailable. Apple's documentation (man environ) recommends using
   // _NSGetEnviron() instead.
   return *_NSGetEnviron();
 }
 #  else
 // Some POSIX platforms expect you to declare environ. extern "C" makes
 // it reside in the global namespace.
 extern "C" char** environ;
 inline char** GetEnviron() { return environ; }
 #  endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
 
 #  if !GTEST_OS_QNX
 // The main function for a threadsafe-style death test child process.
 // This function is called in a clone()-ed process and thus must avoid
 // any potentially unsafe operations like malloc or libc functions.
 static int ExecDeathTestChildMain(void* child_arg) {
   ExecDeathTestArgs* const args = static_cast<ExecDeathTestArgs*>(child_arg);
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(args->close_fd));
 
   // We need to execute the test program in the same environment where
   // it was originally invoked.  Therefore we change to the original
   // working directory first.
   const char* const original_dir =
       UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir();
   // We can safely call chdir() as it's a direct system call.
   if (chdir(original_dir) != 0) {
     DeathTestAbort(std::string("chdir(\"") + original_dir + "\") failed: " +
                    GetLastErrnoDescription());
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
 
   // We can safely call execve() as it's a direct system call.  We
   // cannot use execvp() as it's a libc function and thus potentially
   // unsafe.  Since execve() doesn't search the PATH, the user must
   // invoke the test program via a valid path that contains at least
   // one path separator.
   execve(args->argv[0], args->argv, GetEnviron());
   DeathTestAbort(std::string("execve(") + args->argv[0] + ", ...) in " +
                  original_dir + " failed: " +
                  GetLastErrnoDescription());
   return EXIT_FAILURE;
 }
 #  endif  // !GTEST_OS_QNX
 
 #  if GTEST_HAS_CLONE
 // Two utility routines that together determine the direction the stack
 // grows.
 // This could be accomplished more elegantly by a single recursive
 // function, but we want to guard against the unlikely possibility of
 // a smart compiler optimizing the recursion away.
 //
 // GTEST_NO_INLINE_ is required to prevent GCC 4.6 from inlining
 // StackLowerThanAddress into StackGrowsDown, which then doesn't give
 // correct answer.
 static void StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr,
                                   bool* result) GTEST_NO_INLINE_;
 static void StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr, bool* result) {
   int dummy;
   *result = (&dummy < ptr);
 }
 
 // Make sure AddressSanitizer does not tamper with the stack here.
 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
 static bool StackGrowsDown() {
   int dummy;
   bool result;
   StackLowerThanAddress(&dummy, &result);
   return result;
 }
 #  endif  // GTEST_HAS_CLONE
 
 // Spawns a child process with the same executable as the current process in
 // a thread-safe manner and instructs it to run the death test.  The
 // implementation uses fork(2) + exec.  On systems where clone(2) is
 // available, it is used instead, being slightly more thread-safe.  On QNX,
 // fork supports only single-threaded environments, so this function uses
 // spawn(2) there instead.  The function dies with an error message if
 // anything goes wrong.
 static pid_t ExecDeathTestSpawnChild(char* const* argv, int close_fd) {
   ExecDeathTestArgs args = { argv, close_fd };
   pid_t child_pid = -1;
 
 #  if GTEST_OS_QNX
   // Obtains the current directory and sets it to be closed in the child
   // process.
   const int cwd_fd = open(".", O_RDONLY);
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(cwd_fd != -1);
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fcntl(cwd_fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC));
   // We need to execute the test program in the same environment where
   // it was originally invoked.  Therefore we change to the original
   // working directory first.
   const char* const original_dir =
       UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir();
   // We can safely call chdir() as it's a direct system call.
   if (chdir(original_dir) != 0) {
     DeathTestAbort(std::string("chdir(\"") + original_dir + "\") failed: " +
                    GetLastErrnoDescription());
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
 
   int fd_flags;
   // Set close_fd to be closed after spawn.
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fd_flags = fcntl(close_fd, F_GETFD));
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fcntl(close_fd, F_SETFD,
                                         fd_flags | FD_CLOEXEC));
   struct inheritance inherit = {0};
   // spawn is a system call.
   child_pid = spawn(args.argv[0], 0, NULL, &inherit, args.argv, GetEnviron());
   // Restores the current working directory.
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(fchdir(cwd_fd) != -1);
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(cwd_fd));
 
 #  else   // GTEST_OS_QNX
 #   if GTEST_OS_LINUX
   // When a SIGPROF signal is received while fork() or clone() are executing,
   // the process may hang. To avoid this, we ignore SIGPROF here and re-enable
   // it after the call to fork()/clone() is complete.
   struct sigaction saved_sigprof_action;
   struct sigaction ignore_sigprof_action;
   memset(&ignore_sigprof_action, 0, sizeof(ignore_sigprof_action));
   sigemptyset(&ignore_sigprof_action.sa_mask);
   ignore_sigprof_action.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(sigaction(
       SIGPROF, &ignore_sigprof_action, &saved_sigprof_action));
 #   endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
 
 #   if GTEST_HAS_CLONE
   const bool use_fork = GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork);
 
   if (!use_fork) {
     static const bool stack_grows_down = StackGrowsDown();
     const size_t stack_size = getpagesize();
     // MMAP_ANONYMOUS is not defined on Mac, so we use MAP_ANON instead.
     void* const stack = mmap(NULL, stack_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
                              MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
     GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(stack != MAP_FAILED);
 
     // Maximum stack alignment in bytes:  For a downward-growing stack, this
     // amount is subtracted from size of the stack space to get an address
     // that is within the stack space and is aligned on all systems we care
     // about.  As far as I know there is no ABI with stack alignment greater
     // than 64.  We assume stack and stack_size already have alignment of
     // kMaxStackAlignment.
     const size_t kMaxStackAlignment = 64;
     void* const stack_top =
         static_cast<char*>(stack) +
             (stack_grows_down ? stack_size - kMaxStackAlignment : 0);
     GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(stack_size > kMaxStackAlignment &&
         reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(stack_top) % kMaxStackAlignment == 0);
 
     child_pid = clone(&ExecDeathTestChildMain, stack_top, SIGCHLD, &args);
 
     GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(munmap(stack, stack_size) != -1);
   }
 #   else
   const bool use_fork = true;
 #   endif  // GTEST_HAS_CLONE
 
   if (use_fork && (child_pid = fork()) == 0) {
       ExecDeathTestChildMain(&args);
       _exit(0);
   }
 #  endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
 #  if GTEST_OS_LINUX
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(
       sigaction(SIGPROF, &saved_sigprof_action, NULL));
 #  endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
 
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(child_pid != -1);
   return child_pid;
 }
 
 // The AssumeRole process for a fork-and-exec death test.  It re-executes the
 // main program from the beginning, setting the --gtest_filter
 // and --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags to cause only the current
 // death test to be re-run.
 DeathTest::TestRole ExecDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
   const UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
   const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
       impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
   const TestInfo* const info = impl->current_test_info();
   const int death_test_index = info->result()->death_test_count();
 
   if (flag != NULL) {
     set_write_fd(flag->write_fd());
     return EXECUTE_TEST;
   }
 
   int pipe_fd[2];
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(pipe(pipe_fd) != -1);
   // Clear the close-on-exec flag on the write end of the pipe, lest
   // it be closed when the child process does an exec:
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(fcntl(pipe_fd[1], F_SETFD, 0) != -1);
 
   const std::string filter_flag =
       std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kFilterFlag + "="
       + info->test_case_name() + "." + info->name();
   const std::string internal_flag =
       std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kInternalRunDeathTestFlag + "="
       + file_ + "|" + StreamableToString(line_) + "|"
       + StreamableToString(death_test_index) + "|"
       + StreamableToString(pipe_fd[1]);
   Arguments args;
   args.AddArguments(GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess());
   args.AddArgument(filter_flag.c_str());
   args.AddArgument(internal_flag.c_str());
 
   DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
 
   CaptureStderr();
   // See the comment in NoExecDeathTest::AssumeRole for why the next line
   // is necessary.
   FlushInfoLog();
 
   const pid_t child_pid = ExecDeathTestSpawnChild(args.Argv(), pipe_fd[0]);
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[1]));
   set_child_pid(child_pid);
   set_read_fd(pipe_fd[0]);
   set_spawned(true);
   return OVERSEE_TEST;
 }
 
 # endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 // Creates a concrete DeathTest-derived class that depends on the
 // --gtest_death_test_style flag, and sets the pointer pointed to
 // by the "test" argument to its address.  If the test should be
 // skipped, sets that pointer to NULL.  Returns true, unless the
 // flag is set to an invalid value.
 bool DefaultDeathTestFactory::Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
                                      const char* file, int line,
                                      DeathTest** test) {
   UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
   const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
       impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
   const int death_test_index = impl->current_test_info()
       ->increment_death_test_count();
 
   if (flag != NULL) {
     if (death_test_index > flag->index()) {
       DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(
           "Death test count (" + StreamableToString(death_test_index)
           + ") somehow exceeded expected maximum ("
           + StreamableToString(flag->index()) + ")");
       return false;
     }
 
     if (!(flag->file() == file && flag->line() == line &&
           flag->index() == death_test_index)) {
       *test = NULL;
       return true;
     }
   }
 
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
   if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe" ||
       GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "fast") {
     *test = new WindowsDeathTest(statement, regex, file, line);
   }
 
+# elif GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+
+  if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe" ||
+      GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "fast") {
+    *test = new FuchsiaDeathTest(statement, regex, file, line);
+  }
+
 # else
 
   if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe") {
     *test = new ExecDeathTest(statement, regex, file, line);
   } else if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "fast") {
     *test = new NoExecDeathTest(statement, regex);
   }
 
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
   else {  // NOLINT - this is more readable than unbalanced brackets inside #if.
     DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(
         "Unknown death test style \"" + GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style)
         + "\" encountered");
     return false;
   }
 
   return true;
 }
 
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 // Recreates the pipe and event handles from the provided parameters,
 // signals the event, and returns a file descriptor wrapped around the pipe
 // handle. This function is called in the child process only.
 static int GetStatusFileDescriptor(unsigned int parent_process_id,
                             size_t write_handle_as_size_t,
                             size_t event_handle_as_size_t) {
   AutoHandle parent_process_handle(::OpenProcess(PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE,
                                                    FALSE,  // Non-inheritable.
                                                    parent_process_id));
   if (parent_process_handle.Get() == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
     DeathTestAbort("Unable to open parent process " +
                    StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
   }
 
   // TODO(vladl@google.com): Replace the following check with a
   // compile-time assertion when available.
   GTEST_CHECK_(sizeof(HANDLE) <= sizeof(size_t));
 
   const HANDLE write_handle =
       reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(write_handle_as_size_t);
   HANDLE dup_write_handle;
 
   // The newly initialized handle is accessible only in the parent
   // process. To obtain one accessible within the child, we need to use
   // DuplicateHandle.
   if (!::DuplicateHandle(parent_process_handle.Get(), write_handle,
                          ::GetCurrentProcess(), &dup_write_handle,
                          0x0,    // Requested privileges ignored since
                                  // DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS is used.
                          FALSE,  // Request non-inheritable handler.
                          DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)) {
     DeathTestAbort("Unable to duplicate the pipe handle " +
                    StreamableToString(write_handle_as_size_t) +
                    " from the parent process " +
                    StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
   }
 
   const HANDLE event_handle = reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(event_handle_as_size_t);
   HANDLE dup_event_handle;
 
   if (!::DuplicateHandle(parent_process_handle.Get(), event_handle,
                          ::GetCurrentProcess(), &dup_event_handle,
                          0x0,
                          FALSE,
                          DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)) {
     DeathTestAbort("Unable to duplicate the event handle " +
                    StreamableToString(event_handle_as_size_t) +
                    " from the parent process " +
                    StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
   }
 
   const int write_fd =
       ::_open_osfhandle(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(dup_write_handle), O_APPEND);
   if (write_fd == -1) {
     DeathTestAbort("Unable to convert pipe handle " +
                    StreamableToString(write_handle_as_size_t) +
                    " to a file descriptor");
   }
 
   // Signals the parent that the write end of the pipe has been acquired
   // so the parent can release its own write end.
   ::SetEvent(dup_event_handle);
 
   return write_fd;
 }
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 // Returns a newly created InternalRunDeathTestFlag object with fields
 // initialized from the GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) flag if
 // the flag is specified; otherwise returns NULL.
 InternalRunDeathTestFlag* ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() {
   if (GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) == "") return NULL;
 
   // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have ::std::string, so we
   // can use it here.
   int line = -1;
   int index = -1;
   ::std::vector< ::std::string> fields;
   SplitString(GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).c_str(), '|', &fields);
   int write_fd = -1;
 
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
   unsigned int parent_process_id = 0;
   size_t write_handle_as_size_t = 0;
   size_t event_handle_as_size_t = 0;
 
   if (fields.size() != 6
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[1], &line)
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[2], &index)
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[3], &parent_process_id)
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[4], &write_handle_as_size_t)
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[5], &event_handle_as_size_t)) {
     DeathTestAbort("Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: " +
                    GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test));
   }
   write_fd = GetStatusFileDescriptor(parent_process_id,
                                      write_handle_as_size_t,
                                      event_handle_as_size_t);
 # else
 
   if (fields.size() != 4
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[1], &line)
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[2], &index)
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[3], &write_fd)) {
     DeathTestAbort("Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: "
         + GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test));
   }
 
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
   return new InternalRunDeathTestFlag(fields[0], line, index, write_fd);
 }
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 }  // namespace testing
diff --git a/googletest/src/gtest-port.cc b/googletest/src/gtest-port.cc
index d32afb1f..d6320894 100644
--- a/googletest/src/gtest-port.cc
+++ b/googletest/src/gtest-port.cc
@@ -1,1253 +1,1263 @@
 // Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
 // All rights reserved.
 //
 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 // met:
 //
 //     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 //     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
 // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 // distribution.
 //     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
 // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 // this software without specific prior written permission.
 //
 // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
 // Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <fstream>
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 # include <windows.h>
 # include <io.h>
 # include <sys/stat.h>
 # include <map>  // Used in ThreadLocal.
 #else
 # include <unistd.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 #if GTEST_OS_MAC
 # include <mach/mach_init.h>
 # include <mach/task.h>
 # include <mach/vm_map.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
 
 #if GTEST_OS_QNX
 # include <devctl.h>
 # include <fcntl.h>
 # include <sys/procfs.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
 
 #if GTEST_OS_AIX
 # include <procinfo.h>
 # include <sys/types.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_AIX
 
+#if GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+# include <zircon/syscalls.h>
+#endif
+
 #include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
 
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
 // MSVC and C++Builder do not provide a definition of STDERR_FILENO.
 const int kStdOutFileno = 1;
 const int kStdErrFileno = 2;
 #else
 const int kStdOutFileno = STDOUT_FILENO;
 const int kStdErrFileno = STDERR_FILENO;
 #endif  // _MSC_VER
 
 #if GTEST_OS_LINUX
 
 namespace {
 template <typename T>
 T ReadProcFileField(const std::string& filename, int field) {
   std::string dummy;
   std::ifstream file(filename.c_str());
   while (field-- > 0) {
     file >> dummy;
   }
   T output = 0;
   file >> output;
   return output;
 }
 }  // namespace
 
 // Returns the number of active threads, or 0 when there is an error.
 size_t GetThreadCount() {
   const std::string filename =
       (Message() << "/proc/" << getpid() << "/stat").GetString();
   return ReadProcFileField<int>(filename, 19);
 }
 
 #elif GTEST_OS_MAC
 
 size_t GetThreadCount() {
   const task_t task = mach_task_self();
   mach_msg_type_number_t thread_count;
   thread_act_array_t thread_list;
   const kern_return_t status = task_threads(task, &thread_list, &thread_count);
   if (status == KERN_SUCCESS) {
     // task_threads allocates resources in thread_list and we need to free them
     // to avoid leaks.
     vm_deallocate(task,
                   reinterpret_cast<vm_address_t>(thread_list),
                   sizeof(thread_t) * thread_count);
     return static_cast<size_t>(thread_count);
   } else {
     return 0;
   }
 }
 
 #elif GTEST_OS_QNX
 
 // Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
 // we cannot detect it.
 size_t GetThreadCount() {
   const int fd = open("/proc/self/as", O_RDONLY);
   if (fd < 0) {
     return 0;
   }
   procfs_info process_info;
   const int status =
       devctl(fd, DCMD_PROC_INFO, &process_info, sizeof(process_info), NULL);
   close(fd);
   if (status == EOK) {
     return static_cast<size_t>(process_info.num_threads);
   } else {
     return 0;
   }
 }
 
 #elif GTEST_OS_AIX
 
 size_t GetThreadCount() {
   struct procentry64 entry;
   pid_t pid = getpid();
   int status = getprocs64(&entry, sizeof(entry), NULL, 0, &pid, 1);
   if (status == 1) {
     return entry.pi_thcount;
   } else {
     return 0;
   }
 }
 
+#elif GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+
+size_t GetThreadCount() {
+  return static_cast<size_t>(zx_system_get_num_cpus());
+}
+
 #else
 
 size_t GetThreadCount() {
   // There's no portable way to detect the number of threads, so we just
   // return 0 to indicate that we cannot detect it.
   return 0;
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
 
 #if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 void SleepMilliseconds(int n) {
   ::Sleep(n);
 }
 
 AutoHandle::AutoHandle()
     : handle_(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {}
 
 AutoHandle::AutoHandle(Handle handle)
     : handle_(handle) {}
 
 AutoHandle::~AutoHandle() {
   Reset();
 }
 
 AutoHandle::Handle AutoHandle::Get() const {
   return handle_;
 }
 
 void AutoHandle::Reset() {
   Reset(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
 }
 
 void AutoHandle::Reset(HANDLE handle) {
   // Resetting with the same handle we already own is invalid.
   if (handle_ != handle) {
     if (IsCloseable()) {
       ::CloseHandle(handle_);
     }
     handle_ = handle;
   } else {
     GTEST_CHECK_(!IsCloseable())
         << "Resetting a valid handle to itself is likely a programmer error "
             "and thus not allowed.";
   }
 }
 
 bool AutoHandle::IsCloseable() const {
   // Different Windows APIs may use either of these values to represent an
   // invalid handle.
   return handle_ != NULL && handle_ != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
 }
 
 Notification::Notification()
     : event_(::CreateEvent(NULL,   // Default security attributes.
                            TRUE,   // Do not reset automatically.
                            FALSE,  // Initially unset.
                            NULL)) {  // Anonymous event.
   GTEST_CHECK_(event_.Get() != NULL);
 }
 
 void Notification::Notify() {
   GTEST_CHECK_(::SetEvent(event_.Get()) != FALSE);
 }
 
 void Notification::WaitForNotification() {
   GTEST_CHECK_(
       ::WaitForSingleObject(event_.Get(), INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0);
 }
 
 Mutex::Mutex()
     : owner_thread_id_(0),
       type_(kDynamic),
       critical_section_init_phase_(0),
       critical_section_(new CRITICAL_SECTION) {
   ::InitializeCriticalSection(critical_section_);
 }
 
 Mutex::~Mutex() {
   // Static mutexes are leaked intentionally. It is not thread-safe to try
   // to clean them up.
   // TODO(yukawa): Switch to Slim Reader/Writer (SRW) Locks, which requires
   // nothing to clean it up but is available only on Vista and later.
   // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa904937.aspx
   if (type_ == kDynamic) {
     ::DeleteCriticalSection(critical_section_);
     delete critical_section_;
     critical_section_ = NULL;
   }
 }
 
 void Mutex::Lock() {
   ThreadSafeLazyInit();
   ::EnterCriticalSection(critical_section_);
   owner_thread_id_ = ::GetCurrentThreadId();
 }
 
 void Mutex::Unlock() {
   ThreadSafeLazyInit();
   // We don't protect writing to owner_thread_id_ here, as it's the
   // caller's responsibility to ensure that the current thread holds the
   // mutex when this is called.
   owner_thread_id_ = 0;
   ::LeaveCriticalSection(critical_section_);
 }
 
 // Does nothing if the current thread holds the mutex. Otherwise, crashes
 // with high probability.
 void Mutex::AssertHeld() {
   ThreadSafeLazyInit();
   GTEST_CHECK_(owner_thread_id_ == ::GetCurrentThreadId())
       << "The current thread is not holding the mutex @" << this;
 }
 
 // Initializes owner_thread_id_ and critical_section_ in static mutexes.
 void Mutex::ThreadSafeLazyInit() {
   // Dynamic mutexes are initialized in the constructor.
   if (type_ == kStatic) {
     switch (
         ::InterlockedCompareExchange(&critical_section_init_phase_, 1L, 0L)) {
       case 0:
         // If critical_section_init_phase_ was 0 before the exchange, we
         // are the first to test it and need to perform the initialization.
         owner_thread_id_ = 0;
         critical_section_ = new CRITICAL_SECTION;
         ::InitializeCriticalSection(critical_section_);
         // Updates the critical_section_init_phase_ to 2 to signal
         // initialization complete.
         GTEST_CHECK_(::InterlockedCompareExchange(
                           &critical_section_init_phase_, 2L, 1L) ==
                       1L);
         break;
       case 1:
         // Somebody else is already initializing the mutex; spin until they
         // are done.
         while (::InterlockedCompareExchange(&critical_section_init_phase_,
                                             2L,
                                             2L) != 2L) {
           // Possibly yields the rest of the thread's time slice to other
           // threads.
           ::Sleep(0);
         }
         break;
 
       case 2:
         break;  // The mutex is already initialized and ready for use.
 
       default:
         GTEST_CHECK_(false)
             << "Unexpected value of critical_section_init_phase_ "
             << "while initializing a static mutex.";
     }
   }
 }
 
 namespace {
 
 class ThreadWithParamSupport : public ThreadWithParamBase {
  public:
   static HANDLE CreateThread(Runnable* runnable,
                              Notification* thread_can_start) {
     ThreadMainParam* param = new ThreadMainParam(runnable, thread_can_start);
     DWORD thread_id;
     // TODO(yukawa): Consider to use _beginthreadex instead.
     HANDLE thread_handle = ::CreateThread(
         NULL,    // Default security.
         0,       // Default stack size.
         &ThreadWithParamSupport::ThreadMain,
         param,   // Parameter to ThreadMainStatic
         0x0,     // Default creation flags.
         &thread_id);  // Need a valid pointer for the call to work under Win98.
     GTEST_CHECK_(thread_handle != NULL) << "CreateThread failed with error "
                                         << ::GetLastError() << ".";
     if (thread_handle == NULL) {
       delete param;
     }
     return thread_handle;
   }
 
  private:
   struct ThreadMainParam {
     ThreadMainParam(Runnable* runnable, Notification* thread_can_start)
         : runnable_(runnable),
           thread_can_start_(thread_can_start) {
     }
     scoped_ptr<Runnable> runnable_;
     // Does not own.
     Notification* thread_can_start_;
   };
 
   static DWORD WINAPI ThreadMain(void* ptr) {
     // Transfers ownership.
     scoped_ptr<ThreadMainParam> param(static_cast<ThreadMainParam*>(ptr));
     if (param->thread_can_start_ != NULL)
       param->thread_can_start_->WaitForNotification();
     param->runnable_->Run();
     return 0;
   }
 
   // Prohibit instantiation.
   ThreadWithParamSupport();
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadWithParamSupport);
 };
 
 }  // namespace
 
 ThreadWithParamBase::ThreadWithParamBase(Runnable *runnable,
                                          Notification* thread_can_start)
       : thread_(ThreadWithParamSupport::CreateThread(runnable,
                                                      thread_can_start)) {
 }
 
 ThreadWithParamBase::~ThreadWithParamBase() {
   Join();
 }
 
 void ThreadWithParamBase::Join() {
   GTEST_CHECK_(::WaitForSingleObject(thread_.Get(), INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0)
       << "Failed to join the thread with error " << ::GetLastError() << ".";
 }
 
 // Maps a thread to a set of ThreadIdToThreadLocals that have values
 // instantiated on that thread and notifies them when the thread exits.  A
 // ThreadLocal instance is expected to persist until all threads it has
 // values on have terminated.
 class ThreadLocalRegistryImpl {
  public:
   // Registers thread_local_instance as having value on the current thread.
   // Returns a value that can be used to identify the thread from other threads.
   static ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* GetValueOnCurrentThread(
       const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
     DWORD current_thread = ::GetCurrentThreadId();
     MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
     ThreadIdToThreadLocals* const thread_to_thread_locals =
         GetThreadLocalsMapLocked();
     ThreadIdToThreadLocals::iterator thread_local_pos =
         thread_to_thread_locals->find(current_thread);
     if (thread_local_pos == thread_to_thread_locals->end()) {
       thread_local_pos = thread_to_thread_locals->insert(
           std::make_pair(current_thread, ThreadLocalValues())).first;
       StartWatcherThreadFor(current_thread);
     }
     ThreadLocalValues& thread_local_values = thread_local_pos->second;
     ThreadLocalValues::iterator value_pos =
         thread_local_values.find(thread_local_instance);
     if (value_pos == thread_local_values.end()) {
       value_pos =
           thread_local_values
               .insert(std::make_pair(
                   thread_local_instance,
                   linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase>(
                       thread_local_instance->NewValueForCurrentThread())))
               .first;
     }
     return value_pos->second.get();
   }
 
   static void OnThreadLocalDestroyed(
       const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
     std::vector<linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase> > value_holders;
     // Clean up the ThreadLocalValues data structure while holding the lock, but
     // defer the destruction of the ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
     {
       MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
       ThreadIdToThreadLocals* const thread_to_thread_locals =
           GetThreadLocalsMapLocked();
       for (ThreadIdToThreadLocals::iterator it =
           thread_to_thread_locals->begin();
           it != thread_to_thread_locals->end();
           ++it) {
         ThreadLocalValues& thread_local_values = it->second;
         ThreadLocalValues::iterator value_pos =
             thread_local_values.find(thread_local_instance);
         if (value_pos != thread_local_values.end()) {
           value_holders.push_back(value_pos->second);
           thread_local_values.erase(value_pos);
           // This 'if' can only be successful at most once, so theoretically we
           // could break out of the loop here, but we don't bother doing so.
         }
       }
     }
     // Outside the lock, let the destructor for 'value_holders' deallocate the
     // ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
   }
 
   static void OnThreadExit(DWORD thread_id) {
     GTEST_CHECK_(thread_id != 0) << ::GetLastError();
     std::vector<linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase> > value_holders;
     // Clean up the ThreadIdToThreadLocals data structure while holding the
     // lock, but defer the destruction of the ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
     {
       MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
       ThreadIdToThreadLocals* const thread_to_thread_locals =
           GetThreadLocalsMapLocked();
       ThreadIdToThreadLocals::iterator thread_local_pos =
           thread_to_thread_locals->find(thread_id);
       if (thread_local_pos != thread_to_thread_locals->end()) {
         ThreadLocalValues& thread_local_values = thread_local_pos->second;
         for (ThreadLocalValues::iterator value_pos =
             thread_local_values.begin();
             value_pos != thread_local_values.end();
             ++value_pos) {
           value_holders.push_back(value_pos->second);
         }
         thread_to_thread_locals->erase(thread_local_pos);
       }
     }
     // Outside the lock, let the destructor for 'value_holders' deallocate the
     // ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
   }
 
  private:
   // In a particular thread, maps a ThreadLocal object to its value.
   typedef std::map<const ThreadLocalBase*,
                    linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase> > ThreadLocalValues;
   // Stores all ThreadIdToThreadLocals having values in a thread, indexed by
   // thread's ID.
   typedef std::map<DWORD, ThreadLocalValues> ThreadIdToThreadLocals;
 
   // Holds the thread id and thread handle that we pass from
   // StartWatcherThreadFor to WatcherThreadFunc.
   typedef std::pair<DWORD, HANDLE> ThreadIdAndHandle;
 
   static void StartWatcherThreadFor(DWORD thread_id) {
     // The returned handle will be kept in thread_map and closed by
     // watcher_thread in WatcherThreadFunc.
     HANDLE thread = ::OpenThread(SYNCHRONIZE | THREAD_QUERY_INFORMATION,
                                  FALSE,
                                  thread_id);
     GTEST_CHECK_(thread != NULL);
     // We need to pass a valid thread ID pointer into CreateThread for it
     // to work correctly under Win98.
     DWORD watcher_thread_id;
     HANDLE watcher_thread = ::CreateThread(
         NULL,   // Default security.
         0,      // Default stack size
         &ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::WatcherThreadFunc,
         reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(new ThreadIdAndHandle(thread_id, thread)),
         CREATE_SUSPENDED,
         &watcher_thread_id);
     GTEST_CHECK_(watcher_thread != NULL);
     // Give the watcher thread the same priority as ours to avoid being
     // blocked by it.
     ::SetThreadPriority(watcher_thread,
                         ::GetThreadPriority(::GetCurrentThread()));
     ::ResumeThread(watcher_thread);
     ::CloseHandle(watcher_thread);
   }
 
   // Monitors exit from a given thread and notifies those
   // ThreadIdToThreadLocals about thread termination.
   static DWORD WINAPI WatcherThreadFunc(LPVOID param) {
     const ThreadIdAndHandle* tah =
         reinterpret_cast<const ThreadIdAndHandle*>(param);
     GTEST_CHECK_(
         ::WaitForSingleObject(tah->second, INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0);
     OnThreadExit(tah->first);
     ::CloseHandle(tah->second);
     delete tah;
     return 0;
   }
 
   // Returns map of thread local instances.
   static ThreadIdToThreadLocals* GetThreadLocalsMapLocked() {
     mutex_.AssertHeld();
     static ThreadIdToThreadLocals* map = new ThreadIdToThreadLocals;
     return map;
   }
 
   // Protects access to GetThreadLocalsMapLocked() and its return value.
   static Mutex mutex_;
   // Protects access to GetThreadMapLocked() and its return value.
   static Mutex thread_map_mutex_;
 };
 
 Mutex ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::mutex_(Mutex::kStaticMutex);
 Mutex ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::thread_map_mutex_(Mutex::kStaticMutex);
 
 ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* ThreadLocalRegistry::GetValueOnCurrentThread(
       const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
   return ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::GetValueOnCurrentThread(
       thread_local_instance);
 }
 
 void ThreadLocalRegistry::OnThreadLocalDestroyed(
       const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
   ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::OnThreadLocalDestroyed(thread_local_instance);
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 #if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
 
 // Implements RE.  Currently only needed for death tests.
 
 RE::~RE() {
   if (is_valid_) {
     // regfree'ing an invalid regex might crash because the content
     // of the regex is undefined. Since the regex's are essentially
     // the same, one cannot be valid (or invalid) without the other
     // being so too.
     regfree(&partial_regex_);
     regfree(&full_regex_);
   }
   free(const_cast<char*>(pattern_));
 }
 
 // Returns true iff regular expression re matches the entire str.
 bool RE::FullMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
   if (!re.is_valid_) return false;
 
   regmatch_t match;
   return regexec(&re.full_regex_, str, 1, &match, 0) == 0;
 }
 
 // Returns true iff regular expression re matches a substring of str
 // (including str itself).
 bool RE::PartialMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
   if (!re.is_valid_) return false;
 
   regmatch_t match;
   return regexec(&re.partial_regex_, str, 1, &match, 0) == 0;
 }
 
 // Initializes an RE from its string representation.
 void RE::Init(const char* regex) {
   pattern_ = posix::StrDup(regex);
 
   // Reserves enough bytes to hold the regular expression used for a
   // full match.
   const size_t full_regex_len = strlen(regex) + 10;
   char* const full_pattern = new char[full_regex_len];
 
   snprintf(full_pattern, full_regex_len, "^(%s)$", regex);
   is_valid_ = regcomp(&full_regex_, full_pattern, REG_EXTENDED) == 0;
   // We want to call regcomp(&partial_regex_, ...) even if the
   // previous expression returns false.  Otherwise partial_regex_ may
   // not be properly initialized can may cause trouble when it's
   // freed.
   //
   // Some implementation of POSIX regex (e.g. on at least some
   // versions of Cygwin) doesn't accept the empty string as a valid
   // regex.  We change it to an equivalent form "()" to be safe.
   if (is_valid_) {
     const char* const partial_regex = (*regex == '\0') ? "()" : regex;
     is_valid_ = regcomp(&partial_regex_, partial_regex, REG_EXTENDED) == 0;
   }
   EXPECT_TRUE(is_valid_)
       << "Regular expression \"" << regex
       << "\" is not a valid POSIX Extended regular expression.";
 
   delete[] full_pattern;
 }
 
 #elif GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
 
 // Returns true iff ch appears anywhere in str (excluding the
 // terminating '\0' character).
 bool IsInSet(char ch, const char* str) {
   return ch != '\0' && strchr(str, ch) != NULL;
 }
 
 // Returns true iff ch belongs to the given classification.  Unlike
 // similar functions in <ctype.h>, these aren't affected by the
 // current locale.
 bool IsAsciiDigit(char ch) { return '0' <= ch && ch <= '9'; }
 bool IsAsciiPunct(char ch) {
   return IsInSet(ch, "^-!\"#$%&'()*+,./:;<=>?@[\\]_`{|}~");
 }
 bool IsRepeat(char ch) { return IsInSet(ch, "?*+"); }
 bool IsAsciiWhiteSpace(char ch) { return IsInSet(ch, " \f\n\r\t\v"); }
 bool IsAsciiWordChar(char ch) {
   return ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') || ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z') ||
       ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') || ch == '_';
 }
 
 // Returns true iff "\\c" is a supported escape sequence.
 bool IsValidEscape(char c) {
   return (IsAsciiPunct(c) || IsInSet(c, "dDfnrsStvwW"));
 }
 
 // Returns true iff the given atom (specified by escaped and pattern)
 // matches ch.  The result is undefined if the atom is invalid.
 bool AtomMatchesChar(bool escaped, char pattern_char, char ch) {
   if (escaped) {  // "\\p" where p is pattern_char.
     switch (pattern_char) {
       case 'd': return IsAsciiDigit(ch);
       case 'D': return !IsAsciiDigit(ch);
       case 'f': return ch == '\f';
       case 'n': return ch == '\n';
       case 'r': return ch == '\r';
       case 's': return IsAsciiWhiteSpace(ch);
       case 'S': return !IsAsciiWhiteSpace(ch);
       case 't': return ch == '\t';
       case 'v': return ch == '\v';
       case 'w': return IsAsciiWordChar(ch);
       case 'W': return !IsAsciiWordChar(ch);
     }
     return IsAsciiPunct(pattern_char) && pattern_char == ch;
   }
 
   return (pattern_char == '.' && ch != '\n') || pattern_char == ch;
 }
 
 // Helper function used by ValidateRegex() to format error messages.
 static std::string FormatRegexSyntaxError(const char* regex, int index) {
   return (Message() << "Syntax error at index " << index
           << " in simple regular expression \"" << regex << "\": ").GetString();
 }
 
 // Generates non-fatal failures and returns false if regex is invalid;
 // otherwise returns true.
 bool ValidateRegex(const char* regex) {
   if (regex == NULL) {
     // TODO(wan@google.com): fix the source file location in the
     // assertion failures to match where the regex is used in user
     // code.
     ADD_FAILURE() << "NULL is not a valid simple regular expression.";
     return false;
   }
 
   bool is_valid = true;
 
   // True iff ?, *, or + can follow the previous atom.
   bool prev_repeatable = false;
   for (int i = 0; regex[i]; i++) {
     if (regex[i] == '\\') {  // An escape sequence
       i++;
       if (regex[i] == '\0') {
         ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i - 1)
                       << "'\\' cannot appear at the end.";
         return false;
       }
 
       if (!IsValidEscape(regex[i])) {
         ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i - 1)
                       << "invalid escape sequence \"\\" << regex[i] << "\".";
         is_valid = false;
       }
       prev_repeatable = true;
     } else {  // Not an escape sequence.
       const char ch = regex[i];
 
       if (ch == '^' && i > 0) {
         ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
                       << "'^' can only appear at the beginning.";
         is_valid = false;
       } else if (ch == '$' && regex[i + 1] != '\0') {
         ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
                       << "'$' can only appear at the end.";
         is_valid = false;
       } else if (IsInSet(ch, "()[]{}|")) {
         ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
                       << "'" << ch << "' is unsupported.";
         is_valid = false;
       } else if (IsRepeat(ch) && !prev_repeatable) {
         ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
                       << "'" << ch << "' can only follow a repeatable token.";
         is_valid = false;
       }
 
       prev_repeatable = !IsInSet(ch, "^$?*+");
     }
   }
 
   return is_valid;
 }
 
 // Matches a repeated regex atom followed by a valid simple regular
 // expression.  The regex atom is defined as c if escaped is false,
 // or \c otherwise.  repeat is the repetition meta character (?, *,
 // or +).  The behavior is undefined if str contains too many
 // characters to be indexable by size_t, in which case the test will
 // probably time out anyway.  We are fine with this limitation as
 // std::string has it too.
 bool MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(
     bool escaped, char c, char repeat, const char* regex,
     const char* str) {
   const size_t min_count = (repeat == '+') ? 1 : 0;
   const size_t max_count = (repeat == '?') ? 1 :
       static_cast<size_t>(-1) - 1;
   // We cannot call numeric_limits::max() as it conflicts with the
   // max() macro on Windows.
 
   for (size_t i = 0; i <= max_count; ++i) {
     // We know that the atom matches each of the first i characters in str.
     if (i >= min_count && MatchRegexAtHead(regex, str + i)) {
       // We have enough matches at the head, and the tail matches too.
       // Since we only care about *whether* the pattern matches str
       // (as opposed to *how* it matches), there is no need to find a
       // greedy match.
       return true;
     }
     if (str[i] == '\0' || !AtomMatchesChar(escaped, c, str[i]))
       return false;
   }
   return false;
 }
 
 // Returns true iff regex matches a prefix of str.  regex must be a
 // valid simple regular expression and not start with "^", or the
 // result is undefined.
 bool MatchRegexAtHead(const char* regex, const char* str) {
   if (*regex == '\0')  // An empty regex matches a prefix of anything.
     return true;
 
   // "$" only matches the end of a string.  Note that regex being
   // valid guarantees that there's nothing after "$" in it.
   if (*regex == '$')
     return *str == '\0';
 
   // Is the first thing in regex an escape sequence?
   const bool escaped = *regex == '\\';
   if (escaped)
     ++regex;
   if (IsRepeat(regex[1])) {
     // MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead() calls MatchRegexAtHead(), so
     // here's an indirect recursion.  It terminates as the regex gets
     // shorter in each recursion.
     return MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(
         escaped, regex[0], regex[1], regex + 2, str);
   } else {
     // regex isn't empty, isn't "$", and doesn't start with a
     // repetition.  We match the first atom of regex with the first
     // character of str and recurse.
     return (*str != '\0') && AtomMatchesChar(escaped, *regex, *str) &&
         MatchRegexAtHead(regex + 1, str + 1);
   }
 }
 
 // Returns true iff regex matches any substring of str.  regex must be
 // a valid simple regular expression, or the result is undefined.
 //
 // The algorithm is recursive, but the recursion depth doesn't exceed
 // the regex length, so we won't need to worry about running out of
 // stack space normally.  In rare cases the time complexity can be
 // exponential with respect to the regex length + the string length,
 // but usually it's must faster (often close to linear).
 bool MatchRegexAnywhere(const char* regex, const char* str) {
   if (regex == NULL || str == NULL)
     return false;
 
   if (*regex == '^')
     return MatchRegexAtHead(regex + 1, str);
 
   // A successful match can be anywhere in str.
   do {
     if (MatchRegexAtHead(regex, str))
       return true;
   } while (*str++ != '\0');
   return false;
 }
 
 // Implements the RE class.
 
 RE::~RE() {
   free(const_cast<char*>(pattern_));
   free(const_cast<char*>(full_pattern_));
 }
 
 // Returns true iff regular expression re matches the entire str.
 bool RE::FullMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
   return re.is_valid_ && MatchRegexAnywhere(re.full_pattern_, str);
 }
 
 // Returns true iff regular expression re matches a substring of str
 // (including str itself).
 bool RE::PartialMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
   return re.is_valid_ && MatchRegexAnywhere(re.pattern_, str);
 }
 
 // Initializes an RE from its string representation.
 void RE::Init(const char* regex) {
   pattern_ = full_pattern_ = NULL;
   if (regex != NULL) {
     pattern_ = posix::StrDup(regex);
   }
 
   is_valid_ = ValidateRegex(regex);
   if (!is_valid_) {
     // No need to calculate the full pattern when the regex is invalid.
     return;
   }
 
   const size_t len = strlen(regex);
   // Reserves enough bytes to hold the regular expression used for a
   // full match: we need space to prepend a '^', append a '$', and
   // terminate the string with '\0'.
   char* buffer = static_cast<char*>(malloc(len + 3));
   full_pattern_ = buffer;
 
   if (*regex != '^')
     *buffer++ = '^';  // Makes sure full_pattern_ starts with '^'.
 
   // We don't use snprintf or strncpy, as they trigger a warning when
   // compiled with VC++ 8.0.
   memcpy(buffer, regex, len);
   buffer += len;
 
   if (len == 0 || regex[len - 1] != '$')
     *buffer++ = '$';  // Makes sure full_pattern_ ends with '$'.
 
   *buffer = '\0';
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
 
 const char kUnknownFile[] = "unknown file";
 
 // Formats a source file path and a line number as they would appear
 // in an error message from the compiler used to compile this code.
 GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatFileLocation(const char* file, int line) {
   const std::string file_name(file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file);
 
   if (line < 0) {
     return file_name + ":";
   }
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
   return file_name + "(" + StreamableToString(line) + "):";
 #else
   return file_name + ":" + StreamableToString(line) + ":";
 #endif  // _MSC_VER
 }
 
 // Formats a file location for compiler-independent XML output.
 // Although this function is not platform dependent, we put it next to
 // FormatFileLocation in order to contrast the two functions.
 // Note that FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation() does NOT append colon
 // to the file location it produces, unlike FormatFileLocation().
 GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(
     const char* file, int line) {
   const std::string file_name(file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file);
 
   if (line < 0)
     return file_name;
   else
     return file_name + ":" + StreamableToString(line);
 }
 
 GTestLog::GTestLog(GTestLogSeverity severity, const char* file, int line)
     : severity_(severity) {
   const char* const marker =
       severity == GTEST_INFO ?    "[  INFO ]" :
       severity == GTEST_WARNING ? "[WARNING]" :
       severity == GTEST_ERROR ?   "[ ERROR ]" : "[ FATAL ]";
   GetStream() << ::std::endl << marker << " "
               << FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str() << ": ";
 }
 
 // Flushes the buffers and, if severity is GTEST_FATAL, aborts the program.
 GTestLog::~GTestLog() {
   GetStream() << ::std::endl;
   if (severity_ == GTEST_FATAL) {
     fflush(stderr);
     posix::Abort();
   }
 }
 
 // Disable Microsoft deprecation warnings for POSIX functions called from
 // this class (creat, dup, dup2, and close)
 GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4996)
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 
 // Object that captures an output stream (stdout/stderr).
 class CapturedStream {
  public:
   // The ctor redirects the stream to a temporary file.
   explicit CapturedStream(int fd) : fd_(fd), uncaptured_fd_(dup(fd)) {
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
     char temp_dir_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = { '\0' };  // NOLINT
     char temp_file_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = { '\0' };  // NOLINT
 
     ::GetTempPathA(sizeof(temp_dir_path), temp_dir_path);
     const UINT success = ::GetTempFileNameA(temp_dir_path,
                                             "gtest_redir",
                                             0,  // Generate unique file name.
                                             temp_file_path);
     GTEST_CHECK_(success != 0)
         << "Unable to create a temporary file in " << temp_dir_path;
     const int captured_fd = creat(temp_file_path, _S_IREAD | _S_IWRITE);
     GTEST_CHECK_(captured_fd != -1) << "Unable to open temporary file "
                                     << temp_file_path;
     filename_ = temp_file_path;
 # else
     // There's no guarantee that a test has write access to the current
     // directory, so we create the temporary file in the /tmp directory
     // instead. We use /tmp on most systems, and /sdcard on Android.
     // That's because Android doesn't have /tmp.
 #  if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
     // Note: Android applications are expected to call the framework's
     // Context.getExternalStorageDirectory() method through JNI to get
     // the location of the world-writable SD Card directory. However,
     // this requires a Context handle, which cannot be retrieved
     // globally from native code. Doing so also precludes running the
     // code as part of a regular standalone executable, which doesn't
     // run in a Dalvik process (e.g. when running it through 'adb shell').
     //
     // The location /sdcard is directly accessible from native code
     // and is the only location (unofficially) supported by the Android
     // team. It's generally a symlink to the real SD Card mount point
     // which can be /mnt/sdcard, /mnt/sdcard0, /system/media/sdcard, or
     // other OEM-customized locations. Never rely on these, and always
     // use /sdcard.
     char name_template[] = "/sdcard/gtest_captured_stream.XXXXXX";
 #  else
     char name_template[] = "/tmp/captured_stream.XXXXXX";
 #  endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
     const int captured_fd = mkstemp(name_template);
     filename_ = name_template;
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
     fflush(NULL);
     dup2(captured_fd, fd_);
     close(captured_fd);
   }
 
   ~CapturedStream() {
     remove(filename_.c_str());
   }
 
   std::string GetCapturedString() {
     if (uncaptured_fd_ != -1) {
       // Restores the original stream.
       fflush(NULL);
       dup2(uncaptured_fd_, fd_);
       close(uncaptured_fd_);
       uncaptured_fd_ = -1;
     }
 
     FILE* const file = posix::FOpen(filename_.c_str(), "r");
     const std::string content = ReadEntireFile(file);
     posix::FClose(file);
     return content;
   }
 
  private:
   const int fd_;  // A stream to capture.
   int uncaptured_fd_;
   // Name of the temporary file holding the stderr output.
   ::std::string filename_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(CapturedStream);
 };
 
 GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 
 static CapturedStream* g_captured_stderr = NULL;
 static CapturedStream* g_captured_stdout = NULL;
 
 // Starts capturing an output stream (stdout/stderr).
 static void CaptureStream(int fd, const char* stream_name,
                           CapturedStream** stream) {
   if (*stream != NULL) {
     GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Only one " << stream_name
                       << " capturer can exist at a time.";
   }
   *stream = new CapturedStream(fd);
 }
 
 // Stops capturing the output stream and returns the captured string.
 static std::string GetCapturedStream(CapturedStream** captured_stream) {
   const std::string content = (*captured_stream)->GetCapturedString();
 
   delete *captured_stream;
   *captured_stream = NULL;
 
   return content;
 }
 
 // Starts capturing stdout.
 void CaptureStdout() {
   CaptureStream(kStdOutFileno, "stdout", &g_captured_stdout);
 }
 
 // Starts capturing stderr.
 void CaptureStderr() {
   CaptureStream(kStdErrFileno, "stderr", &g_captured_stderr);
 }
 
 // Stops capturing stdout and returns the captured string.
 std::string GetCapturedStdout() {
   return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stdout);
 }
 
 // Stops capturing stderr and returns the captured string.
 std::string GetCapturedStderr() {
   return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stderr);
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 
 
 
 
 
 size_t GetFileSize(FILE* file) {
   fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
   return static_cast<size_t>(ftell(file));
 }
 
 std::string ReadEntireFile(FILE* file) {
   const size_t file_size = GetFileSize(file);
   char* const buffer = new char[file_size];
 
   size_t bytes_last_read = 0;  // # of bytes read in the last fread()
   size_t bytes_read = 0;       // # of bytes read so far
 
   fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET);
 
   // Keeps reading the file until we cannot read further or the
   // pre-determined file size is reached.
   do {
     bytes_last_read = fread(buffer+bytes_read, 1, file_size-bytes_read, file);
     bytes_read += bytes_last_read;
   } while (bytes_last_read > 0 && bytes_read < file_size);
 
   const std::string content(buffer, bytes_read);
   delete[] buffer;
 
   return content;
 }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 static const std::vector<std::string>* g_injected_test_argvs = NULL;  // Owned.
 
 std::vector<std::string> GetInjectableArgvs() {
   if (g_injected_test_argvs != NULL) {
     return *g_injected_test_argvs;
   }
   return GetArgvs();
 }
 
 void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector<std::string>* new_argvs) {
   if (g_injected_test_argvs != new_argvs) delete g_injected_test_argvs;
   g_injected_test_argvs = new_argvs;
 }
 
 void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector<std::string>& new_argvs) {
   SetInjectableArgvs(
       new std::vector<std::string>(new_argvs.begin(), new_argvs.end()));
 }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector< ::string>& new_argvs) {
   SetInjectableArgvs(
       new std::vector<std::string>(new_argvs.begin(), new_argvs.end()));
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 
 void ClearInjectableArgvs() {
   delete g_injected_test_argvs;
   g_injected_test_argvs = NULL;
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 namespace posix {
 void Abort() {
   DebugBreak();
   TerminateProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), 1);
 }
 }  // namespace posix
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
 // Returns the name of the environment variable corresponding to the
 // given flag.  For example, FlagToEnvVar("foo") will return
 // "GTEST_FOO" in the open-source version.
 static std::string FlagToEnvVar(const char* flag) {
   const std::string full_flag =
       (Message() << GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ << flag).GetString();
 
   Message env_var;
   for (size_t i = 0; i != full_flag.length(); i++) {
     env_var << ToUpper(full_flag.c_str()[i]);
   }
 
   return env_var.GetString();
 }
 
 // Parses 'str' for a 32-bit signed integer.  If successful, writes
 // the result to *value and returns true; otherwise leaves *value
 // unchanged and returns false.
 bool ParseInt32(const Message& src_text, const char* str, Int32* value) {
   // Parses the environment variable as a decimal integer.
   char* end = NULL;
   const long long_value = strtol(str, &end, 10);  // NOLINT
 
   // Has strtol() consumed all characters in the string?
   if (*end != '\0') {
     // No - an invalid character was encountered.
     Message msg;
     msg << "WARNING: " << src_text
         << " is expected to be a 32-bit integer, but actually"
         << " has value \"" << str << "\".\n";
     printf("%s", msg.GetString().c_str());
     fflush(stdout);
     return false;
   }
 
   // Is the parsed value in the range of an Int32?
   const Int32 result = static_cast<Int32>(long_value);
   if (long_value == LONG_MAX || long_value == LONG_MIN ||
       // The parsed value overflows as a long.  (strtol() returns
       // LONG_MAX or LONG_MIN when the input overflows.)
       result != long_value
       // The parsed value overflows as an Int32.
       ) {
     Message msg;
     msg << "WARNING: " << src_text
         << " is expected to be a 32-bit integer, but actually"
         << " has value " << str << ", which overflows.\n";
     printf("%s", msg.GetString().c_str());
     fflush(stdout);
     return false;
   }
 
   *value = result;
   return true;
 }
 
 // Reads and returns the Boolean environment variable corresponding to
 // the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
 //
 // The value is considered true iff it's not "0".
 bool BoolFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, bool default_value) {
 #if defined(GTEST_GET_BOOL_FROM_ENV_)
   return GTEST_GET_BOOL_FROM_ENV_(flag, default_value);
 #else
   const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
   const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
   return string_value == NULL ?
       default_value : strcmp(string_value, "0") != 0;
 #endif  // defined(GTEST_GET_BOOL_FROM_ENV_)
 }
 
 // Reads and returns a 32-bit integer stored in the environment
 // variable corresponding to the given flag; if it isn't set or
 // doesn't represent a valid 32-bit integer, returns default_value.
 Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char* flag, Int32 default_value) {
 #if defined(GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_)
   return GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_(flag, default_value);
 #else
   const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
   const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
   if (string_value == NULL) {
     // The environment variable is not set.
     return default_value;
   }
 
   Int32 result = default_value;
   if (!ParseInt32(Message() << "Environment variable " << env_var,
                   string_value, &result)) {
     printf("The default value %s is used.\n",
            (Message() << default_value).GetString().c_str());
     fflush(stdout);
     return default_value;
   }
 
   return result;
 #endif  // defined(GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_)
 }
 
 // As a special case for the 'output' flag, if GTEST_OUTPUT is not
 // set, we look for XML_OUTPUT_FILE, which is set by the Bazel build
 // system.  The value of XML_OUTPUT_FILE is a filename without the
 // "xml:" prefix of GTEST_OUTPUT.
 // Note that this is meant to be called at the call site so it does
 // not check that the flag is 'output'
 // In essence this checks an env variable called XML_OUTPUT_FILE
 // and if it is set we prepend "xml:" to its value, if it not set we return ""
 std::string OutputFlagAlsoCheckEnvVar(){
   std::string default_value_for_output_flag = "";
   const char* xml_output_file_env = posix::GetEnv("XML_OUTPUT_FILE");
   if (NULL != xml_output_file_env) {
     default_value_for_output_flag = std::string("xml:") + xml_output_file_env;
   }
   return default_value_for_output_flag;
 }
 
 // Reads and returns the string environment variable corresponding to
 // the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
 const char* StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_value) {
 #if defined(GTEST_GET_STRING_FROM_ENV_)
   return GTEST_GET_STRING_FROM_ENV_(flag, default_value);
 #else
   const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
   const char* const value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
   return value == NULL ? default_value : value;
 #endif  // defined(GTEST_GET_STRING_FROM_ENV_)
 }
 
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing