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	<div>
	<div>
	<h1 class="title"><a id="idp425680" name="idp425680"></a>References
	for TeX and Friends</h1>
	</div>
	<div>
	<div class="author">
	<h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Michael</span>
	<span class="surname">Wiedmann</span></h3>
	<div class="affiliation">
	<div class="address">
	<p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href=
	"mailto:mw%20at%20miwie%20dot%20in-berlin%20dot%20de">mw at miwie dot in-berlin dot de</a>></code></p>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div>
	<p class="copyright">Copyright © ? Stephen Gilmore</p>
	</div>
	<div>
	<p class="copyright">Copyright © ? Torsten Martinsen</p>
	</div>
	<div>
	<p class="copyright">Copyright © 1988, 1994 Free Software
	Foundation, Inc.</p>
	</div>
	<div>
	<p class="copyright">Copyright © 1994 - 1996 Torsten
	Martinsen</p>
	</div>
	<div>
	<p class="copyright">Copyright © 2002, 2003 Peter Karp,
	Michael Wiedmann</p>
	</div>
	<div>
	<p class="copyright">Copyright © 2004 - 2012 Michael
	Wiedmann</p>
	</div>
	<div>
	<div class="legalnotice" title="License"><a id="idp270624" name=
	"idp270624"></a>
	<p class="legalnotice-title"><strong>License</strong></p>
	<p>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
	document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
	Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software
	Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and
	no Back-Cover Texts.</p>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div>
	<div class="revhistory">
	<table border="2" cellspacing="4" width="100%" summary=
	"Revision history">
	<tr>
	<th align="left" valign="top" colspan="2"><b>Revision
	History</b></th>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">Revision 0.4.1</td>
	<td align="left">2012-12-03</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left" colspan="2">Removed obsolete file still referenced
	in Makefile (no visible changes)</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">Revision 0.2.0</td>
	<td align="left">2003-01-11</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left" colspan="2">License changed to <a class="ulink"
	href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html" target="_top">GNU Free
	Documentation License</a>.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">Revision 0.0.1</td>
	<td align="left">2002-06-21</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left" colspan="2">This version was adapted from the
	edition 1.6 of the LaTeX2e documentation, converted to DocBook XML
	using <a class="ulink" href="http://www.tldp.org/downloads/"
	target="_top">texi2db</a>, and further edited manually.</td>
	</tr>
	</table>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<hr /></div>
	<div class="toc">
	<p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="preface"><a href=
	"#preface">Preface</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="preface"><a href=
	"#credits">Credits</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#tex">1 TeX</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#plaintex">1
	PlainTeX</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#plaintex-ovw">1.1
	Overview</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#latex">2 LaTeX</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#opt-latex">2.1
	Options</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#overview">2.2 Overview of LaTeX
	and Local Guide</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#commands">2.3
	Commands</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#parameters">2.4
	Parameters</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#latex-packages">3 LaTeX
	Packages</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#amsmath">3.1 <code class=
	"filename">amsmath</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#dcolumn">3.2 <code class=
	"filename">dcolumn</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#float">3.3 <code class=
	"filename">float</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#fontenc">3.4 <code class=
	"filename">fontenc</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#german">3.5 <code class=
	"filename">german</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#graphics">3.6 <code class=
	"filename">graphics</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#hyperref">3.7 <code class=
	"filename">hyperref</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#inputenc">3.8 <code class=
	"filename">inputenc</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#komascript">3.9 <code class=
	"filename">KOMA-Script</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#mathpazo">3.10 <code class=
	"filename">mathpazo</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#varioref">3.11 <code class=
	"filename">varioref</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#small-packages">3.12 Several
	Small Packages</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#generic-packages">4 Generic
	Packages</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pictex">4.1 PiCTeX
	(tbd.)</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pstricks">4.2
	PSTricks</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#fontinst">5 <code class=
	"filename">fontinst</code> (tbd.)</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#context">6 ConTeXt
	(tbd.)</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#context-ovw">6.1
	Overview</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#texinfo">7 Texinfo
	(tbd.)</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#pdftex">2
	pdfTeX</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-options">1
	Options</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#pdftex-option-file-line-error-style">1.1 <code class=
	"filename">--file-line-error-style</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-option-fmt">1.2
	<code class="filename">--fmt format</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-option-help">1.3
	<code class="filename">--help</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-option-ini">1.4
	<code class="filename">--ini</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#pdftex-option-interaction-mode">1.5 <code class=
	"filename">--interaction mode</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-option-ipc">1.6
	<code class="filename">--ipc</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-option-ipc-start">1.7
	<code class="filename">--ipc-start</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-option-jobname-name">1.8
	<code class="filename">--jobname name</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#pdftex-option-kpathsea-debug">1.9 <code class=
	"filename">--kpathsea-debug bitmask</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-option-maketex">1.10
	<code class="filename">--maketex fmt</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-option-no-maketex">1.11
	<code class="filename">--no-maketex fmt</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#pdftex-option-output-comment">1.12 <code class=
	"filename">--output-comment string</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#pdftex-option-parse-first-line">1.13 <code class=
	"filename">--parse-first-line</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-option-progname">1.14
	<code class="filename">--progname name</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-option-recorder">1.15
	<code class="filename">--recorder</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#pdftex-option-shell-escape">1.16 <code class=
	"filename">--shell-escape</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#pdftex-option-translate-file">1.17 <code class=
	"filename">--translate-file tcxname</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-option-version">1.18
	<code class="filename">--version</code></a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-environment">2
	Environment</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#metafont">3 Metafont
	(tbd.)</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#metapost">4
	MetaPost</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#metapost-options">1
	Options</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#metapost-option-file-line-error-style">1.1 <code class=
	"filename">--file-line-error-style</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#metapost-option-help">1.2
	<code class="filename">--help</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#metapost-option-ini">1.3
	<code class="filename">--ini</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#metapost-option-intercation">1.4 <code class=
	"filename">--interaction mode</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#metapost-option-jobname">1.5
	<code class="filename">--jobname name</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#metapost-option-kpathsea-debug">1.6 <code class=
	"filename">--kpathsea-debug bitmask</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#metapost-option-mem">1.7
	<code class="filename">--mem mem</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#metapost-option-parse-first-line">1.8 <code class=
	"filename">--parse-first-line</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#metapost-option-progname">1.9
	<code class="filename">--progname name</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#metapost-option-recorder">1.10
	<code class="filename">--recorder</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#metapost-option-T">1.11
	<code class="filename">-T</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#metapost-option-translate-file">1.12 <code class=
	"filename">--translate-file tcxname</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#metapost-option-troff">1.13
	<code class="filename">--troff</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#metapost-option-version">1.14
	<code class="filename">--version</code></a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#metapost-environment">2
	Environment</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#bibtex">5
	BibTeX</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-parameters">1
	Parameters</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-command-qualifiers">2
	Command Qualifiers</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-bib-files">3 bib
	files</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-string-command">3.1
	<code class="filename">@STRING</code> command</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-entry-format">3.2 Entry
	Format</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-entry-types">3.3 Entry
	Types</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-field-text">3.4 Field
	Text</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-field-types">3.5 Field
	Types</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-bst-files">4 bst
	files</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-bst-abbr">4.1
	<code class="filename">ABBRV.BST</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-bst-alpha">4.2
	<code class="filename">ALPHA.BST</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-bst-plain">4.3
	<code class="filename">PLAIN.BST</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-bst-sample">4.4
	<code class="filename">SAMPLE.BST</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-bst-unsrt">4.5
	<code class="filename">UNSRT.BST</code></a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#makeindex">6
	Make-Index</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-options">1
	Options</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-c">1.1
	<code class="filename">-c</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-g">1.2
	<code class="filename">-g</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-i">1.3
	<code class="filename">-i</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-l">1.4
	<code class="filename">-l</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-q">1.5
	<code class="filename">-q</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-r">1.6
	<code class="filename">-r</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-s-sty">1.7
	<code class="filename">-s sty</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-o-ind">1.8
	<code class="filename">-o ind</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-t-log">1.9
	<code class="filename">-t log</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-p-no">1.10
	<code class="filename">-p no</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-L">1.11
	<code class="filename">-L</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-T">1.12
	<code class="filename">-T</code></a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-style-file">2 Style
	File</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-style">2.1 Input
	Style Specifiers</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#makeindex-output-style-specs">2.2 Output Style
	Specifiers</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-example">3
	Example</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-ordering">4
	Ordering</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-special-effects">5
	Special Effects</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#xindy">7 xindy</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#xindy-command-list">1 Command
	List</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#xindy-command-list-processing">1.1 Processing
	Commands</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#xindy-command-list-markup">1.2
	Markup Commands</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#xindy-command-list-raw-index">1.3 Raw Index
	Interface</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#xindy-invoking">2 Invoking
	xindy</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#xindy-invoking-cmdline">2.1
	Command Line Options</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#xindy-search-path">2.2 Search
	Path</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#appendices">A
	Appendices</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#issues">1 Bugs / Known Issues /
	Missing Features</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#about">2 About this
	Document</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#release-news">3 Release
	News</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl">4 GNU Free Documentation
	License</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="index"><a href=
	"#tex-refs-idx">Index</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="list-of-tables">
	<p><strong>List of Tables</strong></p>
	<dl>
	<dt>1.1 <a href="#table-newcommand">Options for <code class=
	"literal">\newcommand</code></a></dt>
	<dt>1.2 <a href="#table-newenvironment">Options for <code class=
	"literal">\newenvironment</code></a></dt>
	<dt>1.3 <a href="#table-newtheorem">Options for <code class=
	"literal">\newtheorem</code></a></dt>
	<dt>1.4 <a href="#table-tabbing">Commands in a <code class=
	"literal">tabbing</code> environment</a></dt>
	<dt>1.5 <a href="#table-tabular">Commands used inside a
	<code class="literal">tabular</code> environment</a></dt>
	<dt>1.6 <a href="#table-standard-styles">Standard styles
	distributed with BibTeX</a></dt>
	<dt>1.7 <a href="#table-math-mode">Three environments that put
	LaTeX in math mode</a></dt>
	<dt>1.8 <a href="#table-math-miscellany">Math Miscellany</a></dt>
	<dt>1.9 <a href="#table-typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>1.10 <a href="#table-standard-type-size-commands">Standard type
	size commands</a></dt>
	<dt>1.11 <a href="#table-low-level-font-commands">Low-level font
	commands</a></dt>
	<dt>1.12 <a href="#table-special-coordinates">Special coordinates
	and angles</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="preface" title="Preface">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title"><a id="preface" name="preface"></a>Preface</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<p>LaTeX2e is a document preparation system implemented as a macro
	package for Donald E. Knuth's TeX typesetting program.</p>
	<p>LaTeX was originally conceived by Leslie Lamport.</p>
	<p>This updated LaTeX reference is by no means complete, but it's a
	first step towards a more complete LaTeX reference! We welcome if
	we'll get pointed to missing commands or even better when you make
	additions and further improvements and send them to the
	authors.</p>
	<p><a class="ulink" href="http://www.tug.org" target="_top">TUG
	(TeX User Group)</a> and <a class="ulink" href=
	"http://www.dante.de" target="_top">DANTE (German TeX User
	Group)</a> both have excellent FAQ's which answer many questions or
	give great pointers to additional resources both on the internet or
	in books. Most if not all missing packages can also be found on the
	CTAN servers.</p>
	<p>This reference is not meant to replace the package documentation
	or the standard literature like the LaTeX handbook and the LaTeX
	companion. Look there for detailed descriptions of the commands and
	even mostly more options and examples.</p>
	<p>The authors intend to extend this documentation to other TeX
	related packages (e.g. ConTeXt, MetaPost, Metafont, etc.).
	Contributions are very welcome!</p>
	</div>
	<div class="preface" title="Credits">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title"><a id="credits" name="credits"></a>Credits</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp250720" class="indexterm" name="idp250720"></a>
	<p>The following people have contributed substantial parts to this
	documentation project or helped in some other way (listed
	alphabetically):</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">
	<p class="simpara">Karl Berry</p>
	<a id="idp245776" class="indexterm" name="idp245776"></a></li>
	<li class="listitem">
	<p class="simpara">Wolfgang Borgert</p>
	<a id="idp248064" class="indexterm" name="idp248064"></a></li>
	<li class="listitem">
	<p class="simpara">Ramon Casellas</p>
	<a id="idp294304" class="indexterm" name="idp294304"></a></li>
	<li class="listitem">
	<p class="simpara">Holger Danielsson</p>
	<a id="idp296592" class="indexterm" name="idp296592"></a></li>
	<li class="listitem">
	<p class="simpara">James Devenish</p>
	<a id="idp298880" class="indexterm" name="idp298880"></a></li>
	<li class="listitem">
	<p class="simpara">Hubert Gaesslein</p>
	<a id="idp301168" class="indexterm" name="idp301168"></a></li>
	<li class="listitem">
	<p class="simpara">Peter Karp</p>
	<a id="idp303456" class="indexterm" name="idp303456"></a></li>
	<li class="listitem">
	<p class="simpara">Rolf Niepraschk</p>
	<a id="idp305744" class="indexterm" name="idp305744"></a></li>
	<li class="listitem">
	<p class="simpara">Hans Fredrik Nordhaug</p>
	<a id="idp308032" class="indexterm" name="idp308032"></a></li>
	<li class="listitem">
	<p class="simpara">Simon Pepping</p>
	<a id="idp2040400" class="indexterm" name="idp2040400"></a></li>
	<li class="listitem">
	<p class="simpara">Bob Stayton</p>
	<a id="idp2042688" class="indexterm" name="idp2042688"></a></li>
	<li class="listitem">
	<p class="simpara">Herbert Voss</p>
	<a id="idp2044976" class="indexterm" name="idp2044976"></a></li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div xml:lang="en" class="chapter" title="Chapter 1. TeX"
	lang="en">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title"><a id="tex" name=
	"tex"></a>Chapter 1. TeX</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="toc">
	<p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#plaintex">1
	PlainTeX</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#plaintex-ovw">1.1
	Overview</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#latex">2 LaTeX</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#opt-latex">2.1
	Options</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#overview">2.2 Overview of LaTeX
	and Local Guide</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#commands">2.3
	Commands</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#parameters">2.4
	Parameters</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#latex-packages">3 LaTeX
	Packages</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#amsmath">3.1 <code class=
	"filename">amsmath</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#dcolumn">3.2 <code class=
	"filename">dcolumn</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#float">3.3 <code class=
	"filename">float</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#fontenc">3.4 <code class=
	"filename">fontenc</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#german">3.5 <code class=
	"filename">german</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#graphics">3.6 <code class=
	"filename">graphics</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#hyperref">3.7 <code class=
	"filename">hyperref</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#inputenc">3.8 <code class=
	"filename">inputenc</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#komascript">3.9 <code class=
	"filename">KOMA-Script</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#mathpazo">3.10 <code class=
	"filename">mathpazo</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#varioref">3.11 <code class=
	"filename">varioref</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#small-packages">3.12 Several
	Small Packages</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#generic-packages">4 Generic
	Packages</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pictex">4.1 PiCTeX
	(tbd.)</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pstricks">4.2
	PSTricks</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#fontinst">5 <code class=
	"filename">fontinst</code> (tbd.)</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#context">6 ConTeXt
	(tbd.)</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#context-ovw">6.1
	Overview</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#texinfo">7 Texinfo
	(tbd.)</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1 PlainTeX">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="plaintex" name=
	"plaintex"></a>1 PlainTeX</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp2050448" class="indexterm" name="idp2050448"></a>
	<div class="section" title="1.1 Overview">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="plaintex-ovw" name="plaintex-ovw"></a>1.1
	Overview</h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<p>For a really excellent reference of all TeX primitive control
	sequences see David Bausum's<a id="idp2053504" class="indexterm"
	name="idp2053504"></a> <a class="ulink" href=
	"http://www.tug.org/utilities/plain/cseq.html" target=
	"_top"><span class="emphasis"><em>TeX Primitive Control
	Sequences</em></span></a>.</p>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2 LaTeX">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="latex" name=
	"latex"></a>2 LaTeX</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="note" title="Note" style=
	"margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
	<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
	<p>The original file <code class="filename">latex2e.texi</code>
	contains the following copyright and permission notice:</p>
	<p><span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Permission is
	granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual
	provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
	preserved on all copies.</span>”</span></p>
	<p><span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Permission is
	granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual
	under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire
	resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
	permission notice identical to this one.</span>”</span></p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1 Options">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="opt-latex" name="opt-latex"></a>2.1
	Options</h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6690976" class="indexterm" name="idp6690976"></a>
	<p>LaTeX understands the following command line options.</p>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.1 -file-line-error-style">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="opt-latex-file-line-error-style" name=
	"opt-latex-file-line-error-style"></a>2.1.1 <code class=
	"filename">-file-line-error-style</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6694720" class="indexterm" name="idp6694720"></a>
	<p>Print error messages in the form <code class=
	"literal">file:line:error</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.2 -fmt=FMTNAME">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="opt-latex-fmt" name=
	"opt-latex-fmt"></a>2.1.2 <code class=
	"filename">-fmt=FMTNAME</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6699120" class="indexterm" name="idp6699120"></a>
	<p>Use <code class="literal">FMTMAME</code> instead of program name
	or a %& line.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.3 -ini">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="opt-latex-ini" name=
	"opt-latex-ini"></a>2.1.3 <code class="filename">-ini</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6703520" class="indexterm" name="idp6703520"></a>
	<p>Be <span class="command"><strong>initex</strong></span>, for
	dumping formats; this is implicitly true if the program is called
	as <span class="command"><strong>initex</strong></span>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.4 -interaction=STRING">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="opt-latex-interaction-mode" name=
	"opt-latex-interaction-mode"></a>2.1.4 <code class=
	"filename">-interaction=STRING</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6708544" class="indexterm" name="idp6708544"></a>
	<p>Set interaction mode (<code class=
	"literal">STRING=batchmode/nonstopmode/scrollmode/errorstopmode</code>).</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.5 -ipc">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="opt-latex-ipc" name=
	"opt-latex-ipc"></a>2.1.5 <code class="filename">-ipc</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6712944" class="indexterm" name="idp6712944"></a>
	<p>Send DVI output to a socket as well as the usual output
	file.</p>
	<p>Note: not available on all systems.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.6 -ipc-start">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="opt-latex-ipc-start" name=
	"opt-latex-ipc-start"></a>2.1.6 <code class=
	"filename">-ipc-start</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6717104" class="indexterm" name="idp6717104"></a>
	<p>As <code class="literal">-ipc</code>, and also start the server
	at the other end.</p>
	<p>Note: not available on all systems.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.7 -jobname=STRING">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="opt-latex-jobname-name" name=
	"opt-latex-jobname-name"></a>2.1.7 <code class=
	"filename">-jobname=STRING</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6721888" class="indexterm" name="idp6721888"></a>
	<p>Set the job name to <code class="literal">STRING</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.8 -kpathsea-debug=NUMBER">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="opt-latex-kpathsea-debug" name=
	"opt-latex-kpathsea-debug"></a>2.1.8 <code class=
	"filename">-kpathsea-debug=NUMBER</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6726288" class="indexterm" name="idp6726288"></a>
	<p>Sets path searching debugging flags according to the bits of
	<code class="literal">NUMBER</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.9 [-no]-maketex=FMT">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="opt-latex-no-maketex" name=
	"opt-latex-no-maketex"></a>2.1.9 <code class=
	"filename">[-no]-maketex=FMT</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6730688" class="indexterm" name="idp6730688"></a>
	<p>Disable/enable <span class=
	"command"><strong>mktexFMT</strong></span> generation
	(FMT=tex/tfm).</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.10 -mltex">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="opt-latex-mltex" name=
	"opt-latex-mltex"></a>2.1.10 <code class=
	"filename">-mltex</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6735088" class="indexterm" name="idp6735088"></a>
	<p>Enable MLTeX extensions such as <code class=
	"literal">\charsubdef</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.11 -output-comment=STRING">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="opt-latex-output-comment" name=
	"opt-latex-output-comment"></a>2.1.11 <code class=
	"filename">-output-comment=STRING</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6739488" class="indexterm" name="idp6739488"></a>
	<p>use <code class="literal">STRING</code> for DVI file comment
	instead of date.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.12 -parse-first-line">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="opt-latex-parse-first-line" name=
	"opt-latex-parse-first-line"></a>2.1.12 <code class=
	"filename">-parse-first-line</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6743888" class="indexterm" name="idp6743888"></a>
	<p>Parse of the first line of the input file.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.13 -progname=STRING">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="opt-latex-progname" name=
	"opt-latex-progname"></a>2.1.13 <code class=
	"filename">-progname=STRING</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6747664" class="indexterm" name="idp6747664"></a>
	<p>Set program (and fmt) name to <code class=
	"literal">STRING</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.14 -recorder">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="opt-latex-recorder" name=
	"opt-latex-recorder"></a>2.1.14 <code class=
	"filename">-recorder</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6752064" class="indexterm" name="idp6752064"></a>
	<p>Enable filename recorder.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.15 -shell-escape">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="opt-latex-shell-escape" name=
	"opt-latex-shell-escape"></a>2.1.15 <code class=
	"filename">-shell-escape</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6755840" class="indexterm" name="idp6755840"></a>
	<p>Enable <code class="literal">\write18{SHELL COMMAND}</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.16 -src-specials">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="opt-latex-src-specials" name=
	"opt-latex-src-specials"></a>2.1.16 <code class=
	"filename">-src-specials</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6760240" class="indexterm" name="idp6760240"></a>
	<p>Insert source specials into the DVI file.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.17 -src-specials=WHERE">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="opt-latex-src-specials-where" name=
	"opt-latex-src-specials-where"></a>2.1.17 <code class=
	"filename">-src-specials=WHERE</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6764016" class="indexterm" name="idp6764016"></a>
	<p>Insert source specials in certain places of the DVI file.
	<code class="literal">WHERE</code> is a comma-separated value list:
	<code class="literal">cr display hbox math par parend
	vbox</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.18 -translate-file=TCXNAME">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="opt-latex-translate-file-tcxname" name=
	"opt-latex-translate-file-tcxname"></a>2.1.18 <code class=
	"filename">-translate-file=TCXNAME</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6769040" class="indexterm" name="idp6769040"></a>
	<p>Use the <code class="literal">TCX</code> file <code class=
	"literal">TCXNAME</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.19 -help">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="opt-latex-help" name=
	"opt-latex-help"></a>2.1.19 <code class=
	"filename">-help</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6774064" class="indexterm" name="idp6774064"></a>
	<p>Display this help and exit.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.20 -version">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="opt-latex-version" name=
	"opt-latex-version"></a>2.1.20 <code class=
	"filename">-version</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6777840" class="indexterm" name="idp6777840"></a>
	<p>Output version information and exit.</p>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2 Overview of LaTeX and Local Guide">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="overview" name="overview"></a>2.2 Overview
	of LaTeX and Local Guide</h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6781760" class="indexterm" name="idp6781760"></a><a id=
	"idp6782512" class="indexterm" name="idp6782512"></a>
	<p>The LaTeX command typesets a file of text using the TeX program
	and the LaTeX Macro package for TeX. To be more specific, it
	processes an input file containing the text of a document with
	interspersed commands that describe how the text should be
	formatted. It produces at least three files as output:</p>
	<div class="orderedlist">
	<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
	<li class="listitem">
	<p>A <span class="emphasis"><em>Device Independent</em></span>, or
	<code class="filename">.dvi</code> file. This contains commands
	that can be translated into commands for a variety of output
	devices. You can view the output of LaTeX by using a program such
	as <code class="literal">xdvi</code>, which actually uses the
	<code class="filename">.dvi</code> file.</p>
	</li>
	<li class="listitem">
	<p>A <span class="emphasis"><em>transcript</em></span> or
	<code class="filename">.log</code> file that contains summary
	information and diagnostic messages for any errors discovered in
	the input file.</p>
	</li>
	<li class="listitem">
	<p>An <span class="emphasis"><em>auxiliary</em></span> or
	<code class="filename">.aux</code> file. This is used by LaTeX
	itself, for things such as sectioning.</p>
	</li>
	</ol>
	</div>
	<p>For a description of what goes on inside TeX, you should consult
	<em class="citetitle">The TeXbook</em> by Donald E. Knuth, ISBN
	0-201-13448-9, published jointly by the American Mathematical
	Society and Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.</p>
	<p>For a description of LaTeX, you should consult:</p>
	<p><em class="citetitle">LaTeX: A Document Preparation System</em>,
	by Leslie Lamport,<a id="idp6796768" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp6796768"></a> Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 2nd edition,
	1994.</p>
	<p><em class="citetitle">The LaTeX Companion</em>, by Michel
	Goossens,<a id="idp6798800" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp6798800"></a> Frank Mittelbach, <a id="idp6799808" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp6799808"></a> and Alexander Samarin,<a id=
	"idp6800816" class="indexterm" name="idp6800816"></a>
	Addison-Wesley, 1994.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3 Commands">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="commands" name="commands"></a>2.3
	Commands</h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<p>A LaTeX command begins with the command name, which consists of
	a <code class="literal">\</code> followed by either (a) a string of
	letters or (b) a single non-letter. Arguments contained in square
	brackets, <code class="literal">[]</code>, are optional while
	arguments contained in braces, <code class="literal">{}</code>, are
	required.</p>
	<p>NOTE: LaTeX is case sensitive. Enter all commands in lower case
	unless explicitly directed to do otherwise.</p>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.1 Counters">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="counters" name="counters"></a>2.3.1
	Counters</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6807984" class="indexterm" name="idp6807984"></a><a id=
	"idp6808736" class="indexterm" name="idp6808736"></a>
	<p>Everything LaTeX numbers for you has a counter associated with
	it. The name of the counter is the same as the name of the
	environment or command that produces the number, except with no
	<code class="literal">\</code> (<code class="literal">enumi</code>
	- <code class="literal">enumiv</code> are used for the nested
	enumerate environment). Below is a list of the counters used in
	LaTeX's standard document classes to control numbering.</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	part paragraph figure enumi
	chapter subparagraph table enumii
	section page footnote enumiii
	subsection equation mpfootnote enumiv
	subsubsection
	</pre>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-addtocounter" name=
	"cmd-addtocounter"></a><code class=
	"literal">\addtocounter</code></h5>
	<a id="idp6814944" class="indexterm" name="idp6814944"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\addtocounter</code> command
	increments the <code class="literal">counter</code> by the amount
	specified by the <code class="literal">value</code> argument. The
	<code class="literal">value</code> argument can be negative.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-alph-title" name=
	"cmd-alph-title"></a><code class=
	"literal">\alph{counter}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp6819808" class="indexterm" name="idp6819808"></a><a id=
	"idp6820560" class="indexterm" name="idp6820560"></a>
	<p>This command causes the value of the <code class=
	"literal">counter</code> to be printed in alphabetic characters.
	The <code class="literal">\alph</code> command uses lower case
	alphabetic alphabetic characters, i.e., <code class="literal">a, b,
	c...</code> while the <code class="literal">\Alph</code> command
	uses upper case alphabetic characters, i.e., <code class=
	"literal">A, B, C...</code>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-arabic-title" name=
	"cmd-arabic-title"></a><code class=
	"literal">\arabic{counter}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp6826048" class="indexterm" name="idp6826048"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\arabic</code> command causes the
	value of the <code class="literal">counter</code> to be printed in
	Arabic numbers, i.e., <code class="literal">3</code>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-fnsymbol-title" name=
	"cmd-fnsymbol-title"></a><code class=
	"literal">\fnsymbol{counter}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp6830288" class="indexterm" name="idp6830288"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\fnsymbol</code> command causes the
	value of the <code class="literal">counter</code> to be printed in
	a specific sequence of nine symbols that can be used for numbering
	footnotes.</p>
	<p>NB. <code class="literal">counter</code> must have a value
	between 1 and 9 inclusive.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-newcounter-title" name=
	"cmd-newcounter-title"></a><code class=
	"literal">\newcounter{foo}[counter]</code></h5>
	<a id="idp6835040" class="indexterm" name="idp6835040"></a><a id=
	"idp6835792" class="indexterm" name="idp6835792"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\newcounter</code> command defines a
	new counter named <code class="literal">foo</code>. The counter is
	initialized to zero.</p>
	<p>The optional argument <code class="literal">[counter]</code>
	causes the counter <code class="literal">foo</code> to be reset
	whenever the counter named in the optional argument is
	incremented.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-refstepcounter-title" name=
	"cmd-refstepcounter-title"></a><code class=
	"literal">\refstepcounter{counter}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp6841152" class="indexterm" name="idp6841152"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\refstepcounter</code> command works
	like <code class="literal">\stepcounter</code>. See <a class="link"
	href="#cmd-stepcounter-title" title=
	"2.3.1. \stepcounter{counter}">\stepcounter</a>, except it
	also defines the current <code class="literal">\ref</code> value to
	be the result of <code class="literal">\thecounter</code>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-roman-title" name=
	"cmd-roman-title"></a><code class=
	"literal">\roman{counter}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp6858944" class="indexterm" name="idp6858944"></a><a id=
	"idp6859696" class="indexterm" name="idp6859696"></a>
	<p>This command causes the value of the <code class=
	"literal">counter</code> to be printed in Roman numerals. The
	<code class="literal">\roman</code> command uses lower case Roman
	numerals, i.e., <code class="literal">i, ii, iii...</code>, while
	the <code class="literal">\Roman</code> command uses upper case
	Roman numerals, i.e., <code class="literal">I, II,
	III...</code>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-stepcounter-title" name=
	"cmd-stepcounter-title"></a><code class=
	"literal">\stepcounter{counter}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp6865184" class="indexterm" name="idp6865184"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\stepcounter</code> command adds one
	to the <code class="literal">counter</code> and resets all
	subsidiary counters.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-setcounter-title" name=
	"cmd-setcounter-title"></a><code class=
	"literal">\setcounter{counter}{value}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp6868800" class="indexterm" name="idp6868800"></a><a id=
	"idp6869552" class="indexterm" name="idp6869552"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\setcounter</code> command sets the
	value of the <code class="literal">counter</code> to that specified
	by the <code class="literal">value</code> argument.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-usecounter-title" name=
	"cmd-usecounter-title"></a><code class=
	"literal">\usecounter{counter}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp6873792" class="indexterm" name="idp6873792"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\usecounter</code> command is used in
	the second argument of the <code class="literal">list</code>
	environment to allow the counter specified to be used to number the
	list items.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-value-title" name=
	"cmd-value-title"></a><code class=
	"literal">\value{counter}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp6877520" class="indexterm" name="idp6877520"></a><a id=
	"idp6878272" class="indexterm" name="idp6878272"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\value</code> command produces the
	value of the <code class="literal">counter</code> named in the
	mandatory argument. It can be used where LaTeX expects an integer
	or number, such as the second argument of a <code class=
	"literal">\setcounter</code> or <code class=
	"literal">\addtocounter</code> command, or in:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\hspace{\value{foo}\parindent}
	</pre>
	<p>It is useful for doing arithmetic with counters.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.2 Cross References">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="cross-references" name=
	"cross-references"></a>2.3.2 Cross References</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6884544" class="indexterm" name="idp6884544"></a>
	<p>One reason for numbering things like figures and equations is to
	refer the reader to them, as in <span class="emphasis"><em>See
	Figure 3 for more details.</em></span> A smarter version of the
	cross reference commands is available in the package <a class=
	"link" href="#varioref" title="3.11 varioref"><code class=
	"literal">varioref</code></a>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-label-title" name=
	"cmd-label-title"></a><code class="literal">\label{key}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp6888528" class="indexterm" name="idp6888528"></a>
	<p>A <code class="literal">\label</code> command appearing in
	ordinary text assigns to the <code class="literal">key</code> the
	number of the current sectional unit; one appearing inside a
	numbered environment assigns that number to the <code class=
	"literal">key</code>.</p>
	<p>A <code class="literal">key</code> can consist of any sequence
	of letters, digits, or punctuation characters. Upper and lowercase
	letters are different.</p>
	<p>To avoid accidentally creating two labels with the same name, it
	is common to use labels consisting of a prefix and a suffix
	separated by a colon. The prefixes conventionally used are</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">cha</code> for
	chapters</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">sec</code> for
	lower-level sectioning commands</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">fig</code> for
	figures</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">tab</code> for
	tables</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">eq</code> for
	equations</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>Thus, a label for a figure would look like <code class=
	"literal">fig:bandersnatch</code>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-pageref" name=
	"cmd-pageref"></a><code class="literal">\pageref{key}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp6902624" class="indexterm" name="idp6902624"></a><a id=
	"idp6903376" class="indexterm" name="idp6903376"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\pageref</code> command produces the
	page number of the place in the text where the corresponding
	<code class="literal">\label</code> command appears. ie. where
	<code class="literal">\label{key}</code> appears. For a smart
	version see <a class="link" href="#cmd-vpageref"><code class=
	"literal">\vpageref</code></a>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-ref-title" name=
	"cmd-ref-title"></a><code class="literal">\ref{key}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp6908720" class="indexterm" name="idp6908720"></a><a id=
	"idp6909472" class="indexterm" name="idp6909472"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\ref</code> command produces the
	number of the sectional unit, equation number, ... of the
	corresponding <code class="literal">\label</code> command. For a
	smart version see <a class="link" href="#cmd-vref">\vref</a>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.3 Definitions">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="definitions" name="definitions"></a>2.3.3
	Definitions</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-newcommand-title" name=
	"cmd-newcommand-title"></a><code class=
	"literal">\newcommand</code></h5>
	<a id="idp6915344" class="indexterm" name="idp6915344"></a><a id=
	"idp6916096" class="indexterm" name="idp6916096"></a><a id=
	"idp6916848" class="indexterm" name="idp6916848"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\newcommand{cmd}[args]{definition}
	\newcommand{cmd}[args][default]{definition}
	\renewcommand{cmd}[args]{definition}
	\renewcommand{cmd}[args][default]{definition}
	</pre>
	<p>These commands define (or redefine) a command.</p>
	<div class="table"><a id="table-newcommand" name=
	"table-newcommand"></a>
	<p class="title"><strong>Table 1.1. Options for
	<code class="literal">\newcommand</code></strong></p>
	<div class="table-contents">
	<table summary="Options for \newcommand" border="0">
	<colgroup>
	<col align="left" />
	<col align="justify" /></colgroup>
	<tbody>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">cmd</td>
	<td align="justify">A command name beginning with a <code class=
	"literal">\</code>. For <code class="literal">\newcommand</code> it
	must not be already defined and must not begin with <code class=
	"literal">\end</code>; for <code class=
	"literal">\renewcommand</code> it must already be defined.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">args</td>
	<td align="justify">An integer from 1 to 9 denoting the number of
	arguments of the command being defined. The default is for the
	command to have no arguments.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">def</td>
	<td align="justify">If this optional parameter is present, it means
	that the command's first argument is optional. The default value of
	the optional argument is <code class="literal">def</code>.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">definition</td>
	<td align="justify">The text to be substituted for every occurrence
	of <code class="literal">cmd</code>; a parameter of the form
	<code class="literal">#n</code> in <code class="literal">cmd</code>
	is replaced by the text of the nth argument when this substitution
	takes place.</td>
	</tr>
	</tbody>
	</table>
	</div>
	</div>
	<br class="table-break" />
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-newenvironment-title" name=
	"cmd-newenvironment-title"></a><code class=
	"literal">\newenvironment</code></h5>
	<a id="idp6935872" class="indexterm" name="idp6935872"></a><a id=
	"idp6936624" class="indexterm" name="idp6936624"></a><a id=
	"idp6937376" class="indexterm" name="idp6937376"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\newenvironment{nam}[args]{begdef}{enddef}
	\newenvironment{nam}[args][default]{begdef}{enddef}
	\renewenvironment{nam}[args]{begdef}{enddef}
	</pre>
	<p>These commands define or redefine an environment.</p>
	<div class="table"><a id="table-newenvironment" name=
	"table-newenvironment"></a>
	<p class="title"><strong>Table 1.2. Options for
	<code class="literal">\newenvironment</code></strong></p>
	<div class="table-contents">
	<table summary="Options for \newenvironment" border="0">
	<colgroup>
	<col align="left" />
	<col align="justify" /></colgroup>
	<tbody>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">nam</td>
	<td align="justify">The name of the environment. For <code class=
	"literal">\newenvironment</code> there must be no currently defined
	environment by that name, and the command <code class=
	"literal">\nam</code> must be undefined. For <code class=
	"literal">\renewenvironment</code> the environment must already be
	defined.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">args</td>
	<td align="justify">An integer from 1 to 9 denoting the number of
	arguments of the newly-defined environment. The default is no
	arguments. Arguments can only be used in te <code class=
	"literal">{begdef}</code> part.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">default</td>
	<td align="justify">If this is specified, the first argument is
	optional, and <code class="literal">default</code> gives the
	default value for that argument.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">begdef</td>
	<td align="justify">The text substituted for every occurrence of
	<code class="literal">\begin{nam}</code>; a parameter of the form
	<code class="literal">#n</code> in <code class="literal">cmd</code>
	is replaced by the text of the nth argument when this substitution
	takes place.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">enddef</td>
	<td align="justify">The text substituted for every occurrence of
	<code class="literal">\end{nam}</code>. It may not contain any
	argument parameters.</td>
	</tr>
	</tbody>
	</table>
	</div>
	</div>
	<br class="table-break" />
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-newtheorem-title" name=
	"cmd-newtheorem-title"></a><code class=
	"literal">\newtheorem</code></h5>
	<a id="idp6957904" class="indexterm" name="idp6957904"></a><a id=
	"idp6958656" class="indexterm" name="idp6958656"></a><a id=
	"idp6959408" class="indexterm" name="idp6959408"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\newtheorem{env_name}{caption}[within]
	\newtheorem{env_name}[numbered_like]{caption}
	</pre>
	<p>This command defines a theorem-like environment.</p>
	<div class="table"><a id="table-newtheorem" name=
	"table-newtheorem"></a>
	<p class="title"><strong>Table 1.3. Options for
	<code class="literal">\newtheorem</code></strong></p>
	<div class="table-contents">
	<table summary="Options for \newtheorem" border="0">
	<colgroup>
	<col align="left" />
	<col align="justify" /></colgroup>
	<tbody>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">env_name</td>
	<td align="justify">The name of the environment to be defined. A
	string of letters. It must not be the name of an existing
	environment or counter.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">caption</td>
	<td align="justify">The text printed at the beginning of the
	environment, right before the number. This may simply say
	<span class="emphasis"><em>Theorem</em></span>, for example.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">within</td>
	<td align="justify">The name of an already defined counter, usually
	of a sectional unit. Provides a means of resetting the new theorem
	counter <span class="bold"><strong>within</strong></span> the
	sectional unit.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">numbered_like</td>
	<td align="justify">The name of an already defined theorem-like
	environment.</td>
	</tr>
	</tbody>
	</table>
	</div>
	</div>
	<br class="table-break" />
	<p>The <code class="literal">\newtheorem</code> command may have at
	most one optional argument.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-newfont-title" name=
	"cmd-newfont-title"></a><code class="literal">\newfont</code></h5>
	<a id="idp6974816" class="indexterm" name="idp6974816"></a><a id=
	"idp6975568" class="indexterm" name="idp6975568"></a><a id=
	"idp6976320" class="indexterm" name="idp6976320"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\newfont{cmd}{font_name}</code></p>
	<p>Defines the command name <code class="literal">cmd</code>, which
	must not be currently defined, to be a declaration that selects the
	font named <code class="literal">font_name</code> to be the current
	font.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.4 Document Classes">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="document-classes" name=
	"document-classes"></a>2.3.4 Document Classes</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp6980944" class="indexterm" name="idp6980944"></a><a id=
	"idp6981696" class="indexterm" name="idp6981696"></a><a id=
	"idp6982448" class="indexterm" name="idp6982448"></a><a id=
	"idp6983200" class="indexterm" name="idp6983200"></a><a id=
	"idp6983952" class="indexterm" name="idp6983952"></a><a id=
	"idp6984704" class="indexterm" name="idp6984704"></a><a id=
	"idp6985456" class="indexterm" name="idp6985456"></a>
	<p>Valid LaTeX document classes include:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">article</li>
	<li class="listitem">report</li>
	<li class="listitem">letter</li>
	<li class="listitem">book</li>
	<li class="listitem">slides</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>Other document classes are often available. See <a class="link"
	href="#overview" title=
	"2.2 Overview of LaTeX and Local Guide">Overview</a>, for details.
	They are selected with the following command:</p>
	<p><code class="literal">\documentclass [options]
	{class}</code></p>
	<p>All the standard classes (except slides) accept the following
	options for selecting the typeface size (<code class=
	"literal">10pt</code> is default):</p>
	<p><code class="literal">10pt, 11pt, 12pt</code></p>
	<p>All classes accept these options for selecting the paper size
	(default is letter):</p>
	<p>a4paper, a5paper, b5paper, letterpaper, legalpaper,
	executivepaper</p>
	<p>Miscellaneous options:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">landscape --- selects landscape format.
	Default is portrait.</li>
	<li class="listitem">titlepage, notitlepage --- selects if there
	should be a separate title page.</li>
	<li class="listitem">leqno --- equation number on left side of
	equations. Default is right side.</li>
	<li class="listitem">fleqn --- displayed formulas flush left.
	Default is centered.</li>
	<li class="listitem">openbib --- use <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>open</em></span> bibliography format.</li>
	<li class="listitem">draft, final --- mark/do not mark overfull
	boxes with a rule. Default is final.</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>These options are not available with the slides class:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">oneside, twoside --- selects one- or twosided
	layout. Default is oneside, except for the book class.</li>
	<li class="listitem">openright, openany --- determines if a chapter
	should start on a right-hand page. Default is openright for
	book.</li>
	<li class="listitem">onecolumn, twocolumn --- one or two columns.
	Defaults to one column.</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>The slides class offers the option <code class=
	"literal">clock</code> for printing the time at the bottom of each
	note.</p>
	<p>If you specify more than one option, they must be separated by a
	comma.</p>
	<p>Additional packages are loaded by a</p>
	<p><a id="usepackage-linkend" name="usepackage-linkend"></a>
	<code class="literal">\usepackage[options]{pkg}</code> <a id=
	"idp7008832" class="indexterm" name="idp7008832"></a></p>
	<p>command. If you specify more than one package, they must be
	separated by a comma. <a id="idp7010080" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp7010080"></a> <a id="idp7010832" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp7010832"></a></p>
	<p>Any options given in the <code class=
	"literal">\documentclass</code> command that are unknown by the
	selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with
	<code class="literal">\usepackage</code>. <a id="idp7013344" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp7013344"></a> <a id="idp7014096" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp7014096"></a></p>
	<a id="idp7014976" class="indexterm" name="idp7014976"></a></div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.5 Layout">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="layout" name="layout"></a>2.3.5
	Layout</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<p>Miscellaneous commands for controlling the general layout of the
	page.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-flushbottom-title" name=
	"cmd-flushbottom-title"></a><code class=
	"literal">\flushbottom</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7018688" class="indexterm" name="idp7018688"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\flushbottom</code> declaration makes
	all text pages the same height, adding extra vertical space when
	necessary to fill out the page.</p>
	<p>This is the standard if twocolumn mode is selected.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-onecolumn-title" name=
	"cmd-onecolumn-title"></a><code class=
	"literal">\onecolumn</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7022208" class="indexterm" name="idp7022208"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\onecolumn</code> declaration starts a
	new page and produces single-column output.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-raggedbottom-title" name=
	"cmd-raggedbottom-title"></a><code class=
	"literal">\raggedbottom</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7025296" class="indexterm" name="idp7025296"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\raggedbottom</code> declaration makes
	all pages the height of the text on that page. No extra vertical
	space is added.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-twocolumn-title" name=
	"cmd-twocolumn-title"></a><code class=
	"literal">\twocolumn</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7028416" class="indexterm" name="idp7028416"></a><a id=
	"idp7029168" class="indexterm" name="idp7029168"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\twocolumn[text]</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\twocolumn</code> declaration starts a
	new page and produces two-column output. If the optional
	<code class="literal">text</code> argument is present, it is
	typeset in one-column mode.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.6 Environments">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="env-latex" name="env-latex"></a>2.3.6
	Environments</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp7034128" class="indexterm" name="idp7034128"></a><a id=
	"idp7034880" class="indexterm" name="idp7034880"></a><a id=
	"idp7035632" class="indexterm" name="idp7035632"></a>
	<p>LaTeX provides a number of different paragraph-making
	environments. Each environment begins and ends in the same
	manner.</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{environment-name}
	.
	.
	.
	\end{environment-name}
	</pre>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-array" name="env-array"></a>array</h5>
	<a id="idp7038736" class="indexterm" name="idp7038736"></a><a id=
	"idp7039488" class="indexterm" name="idp7039488"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{array}{col1col2...coln}
	column 1 entry & column 2 entry ... & column n entry \\
	.
	.
	.
	\end{array}
	</pre>
	<p>Math arrays are produced with the array environment. It has a
	single mandatory argument describing the number of columns and the
	alignment within them. Each column, <code class=
	"literal">coln</code>, is specified by a single letter that tells
	how items in that row should be formatted.</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">c</code> --- for
	centered</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">l</code> --- for flush
	left</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">r</code> --- for flush
	right</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>Column entries must be separated by an <code class=
	"literal">&</code>. Column entries may include other LaTeX
	commands. Each row of the array must be terminated with the string
	<code class="literal">\\</code>.</p>
	<p>Note that the <code class="literal">array</code> environment can
	only be used in math mode, so normally it is used inside an
	<code class="literal">equation</code> environment.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-center" name=
	"env-center"></a><code class="literal">center</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7051984" class="indexterm" name="idp7051984"></a><a id=
	"idp7052736" class="indexterm" name="idp7052736"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{center}
	Text on line 1 \\
	Text on line 2 \\
	.
	.
	.
	\end{center}
	</pre>
	<p>The <code class="literal">center</code> environment allows you
	to create a paragraph consisting of lines that are centered within
	the left and right margins on the current page. Each line must be
	terminated with the string <code class="literal">\\</code>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-centering" name=
	"cmd-centering"></a><code class="literal">\centering</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7057296" class="indexterm" name="idp7057296"></a><a id=
	"idp7058048" class="indexterm" name="idp7058048"></a><a id=
	"idp7058800" class="indexterm" name="idp7058800"></a>
	<p>This declaration corresponds to the <code class=
	"literal">center</code> environment. This declaration can be used
	inside an environment such as <code class="literal">quote</code> or
	in a <code class="literal">parbox</code>. The text of a figure or
	table can be centered on the page by putting a <code class=
	"literal">\centering</code> command at the beginning of the figure
	or table environment.</p>
	<p>Unlike the <code class="literal">center</code> environment, the
	<code class="literal">\centering</code> command does not start a
	new paragraph; it simply changes how LaTeX formats paragraph units.
	To affect a paragraph unit's format, the scope of the declaration
	must contain the blank line or <code class="literal">\end</code>
	command (of an environment like quote) that ends the paragraph
	unit.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-description" name=
	"env-description"></a><code class="literal">description</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7066928" class="indexterm" name="idp7066928"></a><a id=
	"idp7067680" class="indexterm" name="idp7067680"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{description}
	\item [label] First item
	\item [label] Second item
	.
	.
	.
	\end{description}
	</pre>
	<p>The <code class="literal">description</code> environment is used
	to make labelled lists. The <code class="literal">label</code> is
	bold face and flushed right.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-enumerate" name=
	"env-enumerate"></a><code class="literal">enumerate</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7072112" class="indexterm" name="idp7072112"></a><a id=
	"idp7072864" class="indexterm" name="idp7072864"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{enumerate}
	\item First item
	\item Second item
	.
	.
	.
	\end{enumerate}
	</pre>
	<p>The <code class="literal">enumerate</code> environment produces
	a numbered list. Enumerations can be nested within one another, up
	to four levels deep. They can also be nested within other
	paragraph-making environments.</p>
	<p>Each item of an enumerated list begins with an <code class=
	"literal">\item</code> command. There must be at least one
	<code class="literal">\item</code> command within the
	environment.</p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">enumerate</code> environment uses the
	<code class="literal">enumi</code> through <code class=
	"literal">enumiv</code> counters (see <a class="link" href=
	"#counters" title="2.3.1 Counters">Counters</a>). The type of
	numbering can be changed by redefining <code class=
	"literal">\theenumi</code> etc.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-eqnarray" name=
	"env-eqnarray"></a><code class="literal">eqnarray</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7082000" class="indexterm" name="idp7082000"></a><a id=
	"idp7082752" class="indexterm" name="idp7082752"></a><a id=
	"idp7083504" class="indexterm" name="idp7083504"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{eqnarray}
	math formula 1 \\
	math formula 2 \\
	.
	.
	.
	\end{eqnarray}
	</pre>
	<p>The <code class="literal">eqnarray</code> environment is used to
	display a sequence of equations or inequalities. It is very much
	like a three-column <code class="literal">array</code> environment,
	with consecutive rows separated by <code class="literal">\\</code>
	and consecutive items within a row separated by an <code class=
	"literal">&</code>.</p>
	<p>An equation number is placed on every line unless that line has
	a <code class="literal">\nonumber</code> command.</p>
	<a id="idp7089168" class="indexterm" name="idp7089168"></a>
	<p>The command <code class="literal">\lefteqn</code> is used for
	splitting long formulas across lines. It typesets its argument in
	display style flush left in a box of zero width.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-equation" name=
	"env-equation"></a><code class="literal">equation</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7092320" class="indexterm" name="idp7092320"></a><a id=
	"idp7093072" class="indexterm" name="idp7093072"></a><a id=
	"idp7093824" class="indexterm" name="idp7093824"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{equation}
	math formula
	\end{equation}
	</pre>
	<p>The <code class="literal">equation</code> environment centers
	your equation on the page and places the equation number in the
	right margin.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-figure" name=
	"env-figure"></a><code class="literal">figure</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7097568" class="indexterm" name="idp7097568"></a><a id=
	"idp7098320" class="indexterm" name="idp7098320"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{figure}[placement]

	body of the figure

	\caption{figure title}
	\end{figure}
	</pre>
	<a id="idp7099792" class="indexterm" name="idp7099792"></a>
	<p>Figures are objects that are not part of the normal text, and
	are usually <span class="emphasis"><em>floated</em></span> to a
	convenient place, like the top of a page. Figures will not be split
	between two pages.</p>
	<p>The optional argument <code class="literal">[placement]</code>
	determines where LaTeX will try to place your figure. There are
	four places where LaTeX can possibly put a float:</p>
	<div class="orderedlist">
	<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
	<li class="listitem">
	<p><code class="literal">h</code> (Here) - at the position in the
	text where the figure environment appears.</p>
	</li>
	<li class="listitem">
	<p><code class="literal">t</code> (Top) - at the top of a text
	page.</p>
	</li>
	<li class="listitem">
	<p><code class="literal">b</code> (Bottom) - at the bottom of a
	text page.</p>
	</li>
	<li class="listitem">
	<p><code class="literal">p</code> (Page of floats) - on a separate
	float page, which is a page containing no text, only floats.</p>
	</li>
	</ol>
	</div>
	<p>The standard report and article classes use the default
	placement <code class="literal">tbp</code>.</p>
	<p>The body of the figure is made up of whatever text, LaTeX
	commands, etc. you wish. The <code class="literal">\caption</code>
	command allows you to title your figure.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-flushleft" name=
	"env-flushleft"></a><code class="literal">flushleft</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7113328" class="indexterm" name="idp7113328"></a><a id=
	"idp7114080" class="indexterm" name="idp7114080"></a><a id=
	"idp7114832" class="indexterm" name="idp7114832"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{flushleft}
	Text on line 1 \\
	Text on line 2 \\
	.
	.
	.
	\end{flushleft}
	</pre>
	<p>The <code class="literal">flushleft</code> environment allows
	you to create a paragraph consisting of lines that are flushed
	left, to the left-hand margin. Each line must be terminated with
	the string <code class="literal">\\</code>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-raggedright" name=
	"cmd-raggedright"></a><code class=
	"literal">\raggedright</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7119376" class="indexterm" name="idp7119376"></a><a id=
	"idp7120128" class="indexterm" name="idp7120128"></a><a id=
	"idp7120880" class="indexterm" name="idp7120880"></a><a id=
	"idp7121632" class="indexterm" name="idp7121632"></a>
	<p>This declaration corresponds to the <code class=
	"literal">flushleft</code> environment. This declaration can be
	used inside an environment such as <code class=
	"literal">quote</code> or in a <code class=
	"literal">parbox</code>.</p>
	<p>Unlike the <code class="literal">flushleft</code> environment,
	the <code class="literal">\raggedright</code> command does not
	start a new paragraph; it simply changes how LaTeX formats
	paragraph units. To affect a paragraph unit's format, the scope of
	the declaration must contain the blank line or <code class=
	"literal">\end</code> command (of an environment like quote) that
	ends the paragraph unit.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-flushright" name=
	"env-flushright"></a><code class="literal">flushright</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7128960" class="indexterm" name="idp7128960"></a><a id=
	"idp7129712" class="indexterm" name="idp7129712"></a><a id=
	"idp7130464" class="indexterm" name="idp7130464"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{flushright}
	Text on line 1 \\
	Text on line 2 \\
	.
	.
	.
	\end{flushright}
	</pre>
	<p>The <code class="literal">flushright</code> environment allows
	you to create a paragraph consisting of lines that are flushed
	right, to the right-hand margin. Each line must be terminated with
	the string <code class="literal">\\</code>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-raggedleft" name=
	"cmd-raggedleft"></a><code class="literal">\raggedleft</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7134992" class="indexterm" name="idp7134992"></a><a id=
	"idp7135744" class="indexterm" name="idp7135744"></a><a id=
	"idp7136496" class="indexterm" name="idp7136496"></a><a id=
	"idp7137248" class="indexterm" name="idp7137248"></a>
	<p>This declaration corresponds to the <code class=
	"literal">flushright</code> environment. This declaration can be
	used inside an environment such as <code class=
	"literal">quote</code> or in a <code class=
	"literal">parbox</code>.</p>
	<p>Unlike the <code class="literal">flushright</code> environment,
	the <code class="literal">\raggedleft</code> command does not start
	a new paragraph; it simply changes how LaTeX formats paragraph
	units. To affect a paragraph unit's format, the scope of the
	declaration must contain the blank line or <code class=
	"literal">\end</code> command (of an environment like quote) that
	ends the paragraph unit.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-itemize" name=
	"env-itemize"></a><code class="literal">itemize</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7144576" class="indexterm" name="idp7144576"></a><a id=
	"idp7145328" class="indexterm" name="idp7145328"></a><a id=
	"idp7146080" class="indexterm" name="idp7146080"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{itemize}
	\item First item
	\item Second item
	.
	.
	.
	\end{itemize}
	</pre>
	<p>The <code class="literal">itemize</code> environment produces a
	<span class="emphasis"><em>bulleted</em></span> list. Itemizations
	can be nested within one another, up to four levels deep. They can
	also be nested within other paragraph-making environments.</p>
	<p>Each item of an <code class="literal">itemized</code> list
	begins with an <code class="literal">\item</code> command. There
	must be at least one <code class="literal">\item</code> command
	within the environment.</p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">itemize</code> environment uses the
	<code class="literal">itemi</code> through <code class=
	"literal">itemiv</code> counters (see <a class="link" href=
	"#counters" title="2.3.1 Counters">Counters</a>). The type of
	numbering can be changed by redefining <code class=
	"literal">\theitemi</code> etc.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-letter" name=
	"env-letter"></a><code class="literal">letter</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7156192" class="indexterm" name="idp7156192"></a>
	<p>This environment is used for creating letters. See <a class=
	"link" href="#letters" title="2.3.9 Letters">Letters</a>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-list" name="env-list"></a><code class=
	"literal">list</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7159264" class="indexterm" name="idp7159264"></a><a id=
	"idp7160016" class="indexterm" name="idp7160016"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">list</code> environment is a generic
	environment which is used for defining many of the more specific
	environments. It is seldom used in documents, but often in
	macros.</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{list}{label}{spacing}
	\item First item
	\item Second item
	.
	.
	.
	\end{list}
	</pre>
	<p>The <code class="literal">{label}</code> argument specifies how
	items should be labelled. This argument is a piece of text that is
	inserted in a box to form the label. This argument can and usually
	does contain other LaTeX commands.</p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">{spacing}</code> argument contains
	commands to change the spacing parameters for the list. This
	argument will most often be null, i.e., <code class=
	"literal">{}</code>. This will select all default spacing which
	should suffice for most cases.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-minipage" name=
	"env-minipage"></a><code class="literal">minipage</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7167424" class="indexterm" name="idp7167424"></a><a id=
	"idp7168176" class="indexterm" name="idp7168176"></a><a id=
	"idp7168928" class="indexterm" name="idp7168928"></a><a id=
	"idp7169680" class="indexterm" name="idp7169680"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{minipage}[position][height][inner-pos]{width}
	text
	\end{minipage}
	</pre>
	<p>The <code class="literal">minipage</code> environment is similar
	to a <code class="literal">\parbox</code> command. It takes the
	same optional <code class="literal">position</code> argument and
	mandatory <code class="literal">width</code> argument. You may use
	other paragraph-making environments inside a minipage.</p>
	<p>Footnotes in a <code class="literal">minipage</code> environment
	are handled in a way that is particularly useful for putting
	footnotes in figures or tables. A <code class=
	"literal">\footnote</code> or <code class=
	"literal">\footnotetext</code> command puts the footnote at the
	bottom of the minipage instead of at the bottom of the page, and it
	uses the <code class="literal">mpfootnote</code> counter instead of
	the ordinary <code class="literal">footnote</code> counter See
	<a class="link" href="#counters" title=
	"2.3.1 Counters">Counters</a>.</p>
	<p>NOTE: Don't put one minipage inside another if you are using
	footnotes; they may wind up at the bottom of the wrong
	minipage.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-picture" name=
	"env-picture"></a><code class="literal">picture</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7180336" class="indexterm" name="idp7180336"></a><a id=
	"idp7181088" class="indexterm" name="idp7181088"></a><a id=
	"idp7181840" class="indexterm" name="idp7181840"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{picture}(width,height)(x offset,y offset)
	.
	.
	picture commands
	.
	.
	\end{picture}
	</pre>
	<p>The <code class="literal">picture</code> environment allows you
	to create just about any kind of picture you want containing text,
	lines, arrows and circles. You tell LaTeX where to put things in
	the picture by specifying their coordinates. A coordinate is a
	number that may have a decimal point and a minus sign --- a number
	like <code class="literal">5</code>, <code class=
	"literal">2.3</code> or <code class="literal">-3.1416</code>. A
	coordinate specifies a length in multiples of the unit length
	<code class="literal">\unitlength</code>, so if <code class=
	"literal">\unitlength</code> has been set to <code class=
	"literal">1cm</code>, then the coordinate 2.54 specifies a length
	of 2.54 centimetres. You can change the value of <code class=
	"literal">\unitlength</code> anywhere you want, using the
	<code class="literal">\setlength</code> command, but strange things
	will happen if you try changing it inside the picture
	environment.</p>
	<p>A position is a pair of coordinates, such as <code class=
	"literal">(2.4,-5)</code>, specifying the point with x-coordinate
	<code class="literal">2.4</code> and y-coordinate <code class=
	"literal">-5</code>. Coordinates are specified in the usual way
	with respect to an origin, which is normally at the lower-left
	corner of the picture. Note that when a position appears as an
	argument, it is not enclosed in braces; the parentheses serve to
	delimit the argument.</p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">picture</code> environment has one
	mandatory argument, which is a <code class=
	"literal">position</code>. It specifies the size of the picture.
	The environment produces a rectangular box with width and height
	determined by this argument's x- and y-coordinates.</p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">picture</code> environment also has an
	optional <code class="literal">position</code> argument, following
	the <code class="literal">size</code> argument, that can change the
	origin. (Unlike ordinary optional arguments, this argument is not
	contained in square brackets.) The optional argument gives the
	coordinates of the point at the lower-left corner of the picture
	(thereby determining the origin). For example, if <code class=
	"literal">\unitlength</code> has been set to <code class=
	"literal">1mm</code>, the command</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{picture}(100,200)(10,20)
	</pre>
	<p>produces a picture of width 100 millimetres and height 200
	millimetres, whose lower-left corner is the point (10,20) and whose
	upper-right corner is therefore the point (110,220). When you first
	draw a picture, you will omit the optional argument, leaving the
	origin at the lower-left corner. If you then want to modify your
	picture by shifting everything, you just add the appropriate
	optional argument.</p>
	<p>The environment's mandatory argument determines the nominal size
	of the picture. This need bear no relation to how large the picture
	really is; LaTeX will happily allow you to put things outside the
	picture, or even off the page. The picture's nominal size is used
	by LaTeX in determining how much room to leave for it.</p>
	<p>Everything that appears in a picture is drawn by the
	<code class="literal">\put</code> command. The command</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\put (11.3,-.3){...}
	</pre>
	<p>puts the object specified by <code class="literal">...</code> in
	the picture, with its reference point at coordinates (11.3,-.3).
	The reference points for various objects will be described
	below.</p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\put</code> command creates an
	<span class="bold"><strong>LR box</strong></span>. You can put
	anything in the text argument of the <code class=
	"literal">\put</code> command that you'd put into the argument of
	an <code class="literal">\mbox</code> and related commands. When
	you do this, the reference point will be the lower left corner of
	the box.</p>
	<p>Picture commands:</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-circle" name=
	"cmd-circle"></a><code class="literal">\circle{diameter},
	\circle*{diameter}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7208560" class="indexterm" name="idp7208560"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\circle</code> command produces a
	circle with a diameter as close to the specified one as possible.
	If the <code class="literal">*</code>-form of the command is used,
	LaTeX draws a solid circle.</p>
	<p>Note that only circles up to 40 pt can be drawn.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-dashbox" name=
	"cmd-dashbox"></a><code class="literal">\dashbox</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7213072" class="indexterm" name="idp7213072"></a>
	<p>Draws a box with a dashed line.</p>
	<p><code class=
	"literal">\dashbox{dash_length}(width,height){...}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\dashbox</code> has an extra argument
	which specifies the width of each dash. A dashed box looks best
	when the <code class="literal">width</code> and <code class=
	"literal">height</code> are multiples of the <code class=
	"literal">dash_length</code>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-frame" name=
	"cmd-frame"></a><code class="literal">\frame{...}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7219472" class="indexterm" name="idp7219472"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\frame</code> command puts a
	rectangular frame around the object specified in the argument. The
	reference point is the bottom left corner of the frame. No extra
	space is put between the frame and the object.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-framebox-op-picture-cp" name=
	"cmd-framebox-op-picture-cp"></a><code class=
	"literal">\framebox(width,height)[position]{...}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7222592" class="indexterm" name="idp7222592"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\framebox</code> command is exactly
	the same as the <code class="literal">\makebox</code> command,
	except that it puts a frame around the outside of the box that it
	creates.</p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">framebox</code> command produces a
	rule of thickness <code class="literal">\fboxrule</code>, and
	leaves a space <code class="literal">\fboxsep</code> between the
	rule and the contents of the box.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-line" name="cmd-line"></a><code class=
	"literal">\line(x slope,y slope){length}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7228576" class="indexterm" name="idp7228576"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\line</code> command draws a line of
	the specified <code class="literal">length</code> and <code class=
	"literal">slope</code>.</p>
	<p>Note that LaTeX can only draw lines with slope = x/y, where x
	and y have integer values from -6 through 6.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-linethickness" name=
	"cmd-linethickness"></a><code class=
	"literal">\linethickness{dimension}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7233712" class="indexterm" name="idp7233712"></a>
	<p>Declares the thickness of horizontal and vertical lines in a
	picture environment to be <code class="literal">dimension</code>,
	which must be a positive length. It does not affect the thickness
	of slanted lines and circles, or the quarter circles drawn by
	<code class="literal">\oval</code> to form the corners of an
	oval.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-makebox-op-picture-cp" name=
	"cmd-makebox-op-picture-cp"></a><code class=
	"literal">\makebox(width,height)[position]{...}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7237616" class="indexterm" name="idp7237616"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\makebox</code> command for the
	picture environment is similar to the normal <code class=
	"literal">\makebox</code> command except that you must specify a
	<code class="literal">width</code> and <code class=
	"literal">height</code> in multiples of <code class=
	"literal">\unitlength</code>.</p>
	<p>The optional argument, <code class="literal">[position]</code>,
	specifies the quadrant that your text appears in. You may select up
	to two of the following:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">t</code> - Moves the
	item to the top of the rectangle</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">b</code> - Moves the
	item to the bottom</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">l</code> - Moves the
	item to the left</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">r</code> - Moves the
	item to the right</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>See <a class="link" href="#cmd-makebox" title=
	"2.3.17. \makebox">\makebox</a>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-multiput" name=
	"cmd-multiput"></a><code class="literal">\multiput(x coord,y
	coord)(delta x,delta y){number of copies}{object}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7251104" class="indexterm" name="idp7251104"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\multiput</code> command can be used
	when you are putting the same object in a regular pattern across a
	picture.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-oval" name="cmd-oval"></a><code class=
	"literal">\oval(width,height)[portion]</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7254224" class="indexterm" name="idp7254224"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\oval</code> command produces a
	rectangle with rounded corners. The optional argument, <code class=
	"literal">[portion]</code>, allows you to select part of the
	oval.</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">t</code> - Selects the
	top portion</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">b</code> - Selects the
	bottom portion</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">r</code> - Selects the
	right portion</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">l</code> - Selects the
	left portion</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>Note that the <span class="emphasis"><em>corners</em></span> of
	the oval are made with quarter circles with a maximum radius of 20
	pt, so large <span class="emphasis"><em>ovals</em></span> will look
	more like boxes with rounded corners.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-put" name="cmd-put"></a><code class=
	"literal">\put(x coord,y coord){ ... }</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7264976" class="indexterm" name="idp7264976"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\put</code> command places the item
	specified by the mandatory argument at the given coordinates.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-shortstack" name=
	"cmd-shortstack"></a><code class=
	"literal">\shortstack[position]{... \\ ... \\ ...}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7268080" class="indexterm" name="idp7268080"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\shortstack</code> command produces a
	stack of objects. The valid positions are:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">r</code> - Moves the
	objects to the right of the stack</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">l</code> - Moves the
	objects to the left of the stack</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">c</code> - Moves the
	objects to the centre of the stack (default)</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-vector" name=
	"cmd-vector"></a><code class="literal">\vector(x slope,y
	slope){length}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7275744" class="indexterm" name="idp7275744"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\vector</code> command draws a line
	with an arrow of the specified length and slope. The <code class=
	"literal">x</code> and <code class="literal">y</code> values must
	lie between -4 and +4, inclusive.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-quotation" name=
	"env-quotation"></a><code class="literal">quotation</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7280080" class="indexterm" name="idp7280080"></a><a id=
	"idp7280832" class="indexterm" name="idp7280832"></a><a id=
	"idp7281584" class="indexterm" name="idp7281584"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{quotation}
	text
	\end{quotation}
	</pre>
	<p>The margins of the <code class="literal">quotation</code>
	environment are indented on the left and the right. The text is
	justified at both margins and there is paragraph indentation.
	Leaving a blank line between text produces a new paragraph.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-quote" name=
	"env-quote"></a><code class="literal">quote</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7285424" class="indexterm" name="idp7285424"></a><a id=
	"idp7286176" class="indexterm" name="idp7286176"></a><a id=
	"idp7286928" class="indexterm" name="idp7286928"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{quote}
	text
	\end{quote}
	</pre>
	<p>The margins of the <code class="literal">quote</code>
	environment are indented on the left and the right. The text is
	justified at both margins. Leaving a blank line between text
	produces a new paragraph.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-tabbing" name=
	"env-tabbing"></a><code class="literal">tabbing</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7290736" class="indexterm" name="idp7290736"></a><a id=
	"idp7291488" class="indexterm" name="idp7291488"></a><a id=
	"idp7292240" class="indexterm" name="idp7292240"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{tabbing}
	text \= more text \= still more text \= last text \\
	second row \> \> more \\
	.
	.
	.
	\end{tabbing}
	</pre>
	<p>The <code class="literal">tabbing</code> environment provides a
	way to align text in columns. It works by setting tab stops and
	tabbing to them much the way you do with an ordinary
	typewriter.</p>
	<p>It is best suited for cases where the width of each column is
	constant and known in advance.</p>
	<p>This environment can be broken across pages, unlike the
	<code class="literal">tabular</code> environment.</p>
	<p>The following commands can be used inside a <code class=
	"literal">tabbing</code> environment:</p>
	<div class="table"><a id="table-tabbing" name="table-tabbing"></a>
	<p class="title"><strong>Table 1.4. Commands in a
	<code class="literal">tabbing</code> environment</strong></p>
	<div class="table-contents">
	<table summary="Commands in a tabbing environment" border="0">
	<colgroup>
	<col align="left" />
	<col align="justify" /></colgroup>
	<tbody>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\= <a id="idp7302176" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp7302176"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Sets a tab stop at the current position.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\> <a id="idp7304192" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp7304192"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Advances to the next tab stop.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\< <a id="idp7306208" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp7306208"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">This command allows you to put something to the
	left of the local margin without changing the margin. Can only be
	used at the start of the line.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\+ <a id="idp7308416" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp7308416"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Moves the left margin of the next and all the
	following commands one tab stop to the right.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\- <a id="idp7310560" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp7310560"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Moves the left margin of the next and all the
	following commands one tab stop to the left.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\' <a id="idp7312704" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp7312704"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Moves everything that you have typed so far in
	the current column, i.e. everything from the most recent
	<code class="literal">\></code>, <code class=
	"literal">\<</code>, <code class="literal">\'</code>,
	<code class="literal">\\</code>, or <code class=
	"literal">\kill</code> command, to the right of the previous
	column, flush against the current column's tab stop.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\` <a id="idp7318112" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp7318112"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Allows you to put text flush right against any
	tab stop, including tab stop 0. However, it can't move text to the
	right of the last column because there's no tab stop there. The
	<code class="literal">\`</code> command moves all the text that
	follows it, up to the <code class="literal">\\</code> or
	<code class="literal">\end{tabbing}</code> command that ends the
	line, to the right margin of the tabbing environment. There must be
	no <code class="literal">\></code> or <code class=
	"literal">\'</code> command between the <code class=
	"literal">\`</code> and the command that ends the line.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\kill <a id="idp7324320" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp7324320"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Sets tab stops without producing text. Works
	just like <code class="literal">\\</code> except that it throws
	away the current line instead of producing output for it. The
	effect of any <code class="literal">\=</code>, <code class=
	"literal">\+</code> or <code class="literal">\-</code> commands in
	that line remain in effect.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\pushtabs <a id="idp7329056" class="indexterm"
	name="idp7329056"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Saves all current tab stop positions. Useful
	for temporarily changing tab stop positions in the middle of a
	<code class="literal">tabbing</code> environment.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\poptabs <a id="idp7331840" class="indexterm"
	name="idp7331840"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Restores the tab stop positions saved by the
	last <code class="literal">\pushtabs</code>.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\a <a id="idp7334560" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp7334560"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">In a <code class="literal">tabbing</code>
	environment, the commands <code class="literal">\=</code>,
	<code class="literal">\'</code> and <code class="literal">\`</code>
	do not produce accents as normal. Instead, the commands
	<code class="literal">\a=</code>, <code class="literal">\a'</code>
	and <code class="literal">\a`</code> are used.</td>
	</tr>
	</tbody>
	</table>
	</div>
	</div>
	<br class="table-break" />
	<p>This example typesets a Pascal function in a traditional
	format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{tabbing}
	function \= fact(n : integer) : integer;\\
	\> begin \= \+ \\
	\> if \= n $>$ 1 then \+ \\
	fact := n * fact(n-1) \- \\
	else \+ \\
	fact := 1; \-\- \\
	end;\\
	\end{tabbing}
	</pre>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-table" name=
	"env-table"></a><code class="literal">table</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7343712" class="indexterm" name="idp7343712"></a><a id=
	"idp7344464" class="indexterm" name="idp7344464"></a><a id=
	"idp7345216" class="indexterm" name="idp7345216"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{table}[placement]

	body of the table

	\caption{table title}
	\end{table}
	</pre>
	<p>Tables are objects that are not part of the normal text, and are
	usually <span class="emphasis"><em>floated</em></span> to a
	convenient place, like the top of a page. Tables will not be split
	between two pages.</p>
	<p>The optional argument <code class="literal">[placement]</code>
	determines where LaTeX will try to place your table. There are four
	places where LaTeX can possibly put a float:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">h</code> : Here - at the
	position in the text where the table environment appears.</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">t</code> : Top - at the
	top of a text page.</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">b</code> : Bottom - at
	the bottom of a text page.</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">p</code> : Page of
	floats - on a separate float page, which is a page containing no
	text, only floats.</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>The standard <code class="literal">report</code> and
	<code class="literal">article</code> classes use the default
	placement <code class="literal">[tbp]</code>.</p>
	<p>The body of the table is made up of whatever text, LaTeX
	commands, etc., you wish. The <code class="literal">\caption</code>
	command allows you to title your table.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-tabular" name=
	"env-tabular"></a><code class="literal">tabular</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7360416" class="indexterm" name="idp7360416"></a><a id=
	"idp7361168" class="indexterm" name="idp7361168"></a><a id=
	"idp7361920" class="indexterm" name="idp7361920"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{tabular}[pos]{cols}
	column 1 entry & column 2 entry ... & column n entry \\
	.
	.
	.
	\end{tabular}
	</pre>
	<p>or</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{tabular*}{width}[pos]{cols}
	column 1 entry & column 2 entry ... & column n entry \\
	.
	.
	.
	\end{tabular*}
	</pre>
	<p>These environments produce a box consisting of a sequence of
	rows of items, aligned vertically in columns. The mandatory and
	optional arguments consist of:</p>
	<div class="table"><a id="table-tabular" name="table-tabular"></a>
	<p class="title"><strong>Table 1.5. Commands used inside
	a <code class="literal">tabular</code> environment</strong></p>
	<div class="table-contents">
	<table summary="Commands used inside a tabular environment" border=
	"0">
	<colgroup>
	<col align="left" />
	<col align="justify" /></colgroup>
	<tbody>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">width</td>
	<td align="justify">Specifies the width of the <code class=
	"literal">tabular*</code> environment. There must be rubber space
	between columns that can stretch to fill out the specified
	width.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">pos</td>
	<td align="justify">Specifies the vertical position; default is
	alignment on the centre of the environment.
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">t</code> - align on top
	row</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">b</code> - align on
	bottom row</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">cols</td>
	<td align="justify">Specifies the column formatting. It consists of
	a sequence of the following specifiers, corresponding to the
	sequence of columns and intercolumn material.
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">l</code> - A column of
	left-aligned items.</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">r</code> - A column of
	right-aligned items.</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">c</code> - A column of
	centred items.</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\|</code> - A vertical
	line the full height and depth of the environment.</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">@{text}</code> - This
	inserts <code class="literal">text</code> in every row. An
	@-expression suppresses the intercolumn space normally inserted
	between columns; any desired space between the inserted text and
	the adjacent items must be included in text. An <code class=
	"literal">\extracolsep{wd}</code> command in an @-expression causes
	an extra space of width <code class="literal">wd</code> to appear
	to the left of all subsequent columns, until countermanded by
	another <code class="literal">\extracolsep</code> command. Unlike
	ordinary intercolumn space, this extra space is not suppressed by
	an @-expression. An <code class="literal">\extracolsep</code>
	command can be used only in an @-expression in the <code class=
	"literal">cols</code> argument.</li>
	<li class="listitem">
	<p class="simpara"><code class="literal">p{wd}</code> - Produces a
	column with each item typeset in a parbox of width <code class=
	"literal">wd</code>, as if it were the argument of a <code class=
	"literal">\parbox[t]{wd}</code> command. However, a <code class=
	"literal">\\</code> may not appear in the item, except in the
	following situations:</p>
	<div class="orderedlist">
	<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
	<li class="listitem">inside an environment like <code class=
	"literal">minipage</code>, <code class="literal">array</code>, or
	<code class="literal">tabular</code>.</li>
	<li class="listitem">inside an explicit <code class=
	"literal">\parbox</code>.</li>
	<li class="listitem">in the scope of a <code class=
	"literal">\centering</code>, <code class=
	"literal">\raggedright</code>, or <code class=
	"literal">\raggedleft</code> declaration. The latter declarations
	must appear inside braces or an environment when used in a
	<code class="literal">p</code>-column element.</li>
	</ol>
	</div>
	</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">*{num}{cols}</code> -
	Equivalent to <code class="literal">num</code> copies of
	<code class="literal">cols</code>, where <code class=
	"literal">num</code> is any positive integer and <code class=
	"literal">cols</code> is any list of column-specifiers, which may
	contain another <code class="literal">*-expression</code>.</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</td>
	</tr>
	</tbody>
	</table>
	</div>
	</div>
	<br class="table-break" />
	<p>These commands can be used inside a <code class=
	"literal">tabular</code> environment:</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-cline" name=
	"cmd-cline"></a><code class="literal">\cline{i-j}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7407632" class="indexterm" name="idp7407632"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\cline</code> command draws horizontal
	lines across the columns specified, beginning in column
	<code class="literal">i</code> and ending in column <code class=
	"literal">j</code>, which are identified in the mandatory
	argument.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-hline" name=
	"cmd-hline"></a><code class="literal">\hline</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7412064" class="indexterm" name="idp7412064"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\hline</code> command will draw a
	horizontal line the width of the table. It's most commonly used to
	draw a line at the top, bottom, and between the rows of the
	table.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-multicolumn" name=
	"cmd-multicolumn"></a><code class=
	"literal">\multicolumn</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7415248" class="indexterm" name="idp7415248"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\multicolumn{cols}{pos}{text}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\multicolumn</code> is used to make an
	entry that spans several columns. The first mandatory argument,
	<code class="literal">cols</code>, specifies the number of columns
	to span. The second mandatory argument, <code class=
	"literal">pos</code>, specifies the formatting of the entry;
	<code class="literal">c</code> for centred, <code class=
	"literal">l</code> for flushleft, <code class="literal">r</code>
	for flushright. The third mandatory argument, <code class=
	"literal">text</code>, specifies what text is to make up the
	entry.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-vline" name=
	"cmd-vline"></a><code class="literal">\vline</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7423152" class="indexterm" name="idp7423152"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\vline</code> command will draw a
	vertical line extending the full height and depth of its row. An
	<code class="literal">\hfill</code> command can be used to move the
	line to the edge of the column. It can also be used in an
	@-expression.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-thebibliography" name=
	"env-thebibliography"></a><code class=
	"literal">thebibliography</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7427024" class="indexterm" name="idp7427024"></a><a id=
	"idp7427776" class="indexterm" name="idp7427776"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{thebibliography}{widest-label}
	\bibitem[label]{cite_key}
	.
	.
	.
	\end{thebibliography}
	</pre>
	<p>The <code class="literal">thebibliography</code> environment
	produces a bibliography or reference list. In the <code class=
	"literal">article</code> class, this reference list is labelled
	<span class="emphasis"><em>References</em></span>; in the
	<code class="literal">report</code> class, it is labelled
	<span class="emphasis"><em>Bibliography</em></span>.</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">widest-label</code>:
	Text that, when printed, is approximately as wide as the widest
	item label produces by the <code class="literal">\bibitem</code>
	commands.</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-bibitem" name=
	"cmd-bibitem"></a><code class=
	"literal">\bibitem[label]{cite_key}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7436240" class="indexterm" name="idp7436240"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\bibitem</code> command generates an
	entry labelled by <code class="literal">label</code>. If the
	<code class="literal">label</code> argument is missing, a number is
	generated as the <code class="literal">label</code>, using the
	<code class="literal">enumi</code> counter. The <code class=
	"literal">cite_key</code> is any sequence of letters, numbers, and
	punctuation symbols not containing a comma. This command writes an
	entry on the <code class="filename">.aux</code> file containing
	<code class="literal">cite_key</code> and the item's <code class=
	"literal">label</code>. When this <code class=
	"filename">.aux</code> file is read by the <code class=
	"literal">\begin{document}</code> command, the item's <code class=
	"literal">label</code> is associated with <code class=
	"literal">cite_key</code>, causing the reference to <code class=
	"literal">cite_key</code> by a <code class="literal">\cite</code>
	command to produce the associated <code class=
	"literal">label</code>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-cite" name="cmd-cite"></a><code class=
	"literal">\cite[text]{key_list}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7448832" class="indexterm" name="idp7448832"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">key_list</code> argument is a list of
	citation keys. This command generates an in-text citation to the
	references associated with the keys in <code class=
	"literal">key_list</code> by entries on the <code class=
	"filename">.aux</code> file read by the <code class=
	"literal">\begin{document}</code> command.</p>
	<p>The optional <code class="literal">text</code> argument will
	appear after the citation, i.e. <code class=
	"literal">\cite[p.~2f.]{knuth}</code> might produce `[Knuth, p.
	2]'.</p>
	<p><a id="idp7454592" class="indexterm" name="idp7454592"></a> The
	package <code class="literal">cite.sty</code> allows a line break
	in the <code class="literal">\cite</code> reference and can sort
	numerical entries.</p>
	<p><a id="idp7457232" class="indexterm" name="idp7457232"></a>
	<code class="literal">overcite.sty</code> makes citations like
	footnotes.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-nocite" name=
	"cmd-nocite"></a><code class=
	"literal">\nocite{key_list}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7460224" class="indexterm" name="idp7460224"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\nocite</code> command produces no
	text, but writes <code class="literal">key_list</code>, which is a
	list of one or more citation keys, on the <code class=
	"filename">.aux</code> file. <code class=
	"literal">\nocite{*}</code> uses all entries from the BibTeX
	database.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="using-bibtex" name=
	"using-bibtex"></a>Using BibTeX</h5>
	<a id="idp7465232" class="indexterm" name="idp7465232"></a><a id=
	"idp7466016" class="indexterm" name="idp7466016"></a><a id=
	"idp7467504" class="indexterm" name="idp7467504"></a><a id=
	"idp7468336" class="indexterm" name="idp7468336"></a><a id=
	"idp7469504" class="indexterm" name="idp7469504"></a>
	<p>If you use the BibTeX program by Oren Patashnik (highly
	recommended if you need a bibliography of more than a couple of
	titles) to maintain your bibliography, you don't use the
	<code class="literal">thebibliography</code> environment. Instead,
	you include the lines</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\bibliographystyle{style}
	\bibliography{bibfile}
	</pre>
	<p>where <code class="literal">style</code> refers to a file
	<code class="literal">style.bst</code>, which defines how your
	citations will look.</p>
	<div class="table"><a id="table-standard-styles" name=
	"table-standard-styles"></a>
	<p class="title"><strong>Table 1.6. Standard styles
	distributed with BibTeX</strong></p>
	<div class="table-contents">
	<table summary="Standard styles distributed with BibTeX" border=
	"0">
	<colgroup>
	<col align="left" />
	<col align="justify" /></colgroup>
	<tbody>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">alpha</td>
	<td align="justify">Sorted alphabetically. Labels are formed from
	name of author and year of publication.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">plain</td>
	<td align="justify">Sorted alphabetically. Labels are numeric.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">unsrt</td>
	<td align="justify">Like <code class="literal">plain</code>, but
	entries are in order of citation.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">abbrv</td>
	<td align="justify">Like <code class="literal">plain</code>, but
	more compact labels.</td>
	</tr>
	</tbody>
	</table>
	</div>
	</div>
	<br class="table-break" />
	<p>In addition, numerous other BibTeX style files exist tailored to
	the demands of various publications.</p>
	<p>The argument to <code class="literal">\bibliography</code>
	refers to the file <code class="literal">bibfile.bib</code>, which
	should contain your database in BibTeX format. Only the entries
	referred to via <code class="literal">\cite</code> and <code class=
	"literal">\nocite</code> will be listed in the bibliography.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-theorem" name=
	"env-theorem"></a><code class="literal">theorem</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7489328" class="indexterm" name="idp7489328"></a><a id=
	"idp7490080" class="indexterm" name="idp7490080"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{theorem}
	theorem text
	\end{theorem}
	</pre>
	<p>The <code class="literal">theorem</code> environment produces
	<span class="emphasis"><em>Theorem x</em></span> in boldface
	followed by your theorem text.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-titlepage" name=
	"env-titlepage"></a><code class="literal">titlepage</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7494080" class="indexterm" name="idp7494080"></a><a id=
	"idp7494832" class="indexterm" name="idp7494832"></a><a id=
	"idp7495584" class="indexterm" name="idp7495584"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{titlepage}
	text
	\end{titlepage}
	</pre>
	<p>The <code class="literal">titlepage</code> environment creates a
	title page, i.e. a page with no printed page number or heading. It
	also causes the following page to be numbered page one. Formatting
	the title page is left to you. The <code class=
	"literal">\today</code> command comes in handy for title pages.
	<a id="idp7498704" class="indexterm" name="idp7498704"></a></p>
	<p>Note that you can use the <code class=
	"literal">\maketitle</code> (see <a class="link" href=
	"#cmd-maketitle" title="2.3.15. \maketitle">\maketitle</a>)
	command to produce a standard title page.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-verbatim" name=
	"env-verbatim"></a><code class="literal">verbatim</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7502448" class="indexterm" name="idp7502448"></a><a id=
	"idp7503200" class="indexterm" name="idp7503200"></a><a id=
	"idp7503952" class="indexterm" name="idp7503952"></a><a id=
	"idp7504704" class="indexterm" name="idp7504704"></a><a id=
	"idp7505456" class="indexterm" name="idp7505456"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{verbatim}
	text
	\end{verbatim}
	</pre>
	<p>The <code class="literal">verbatim</code> environment is a
	paragraph-making environment that gets LaTeX to print exactly what
	you type in. It turns LaTeX into a typewriter with carriage returns
	and blanks having the same effect that they would on a
	typewriter.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-verb" name="cmd-verb"></a><code class=
	"literal">\verb char literal_text char</code> <code class=
	"literal">\verb*char literal_text char</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7510608" class="indexterm" name="idp7510608"></a><a id=
	"idp7511360" class="indexterm" name="idp7511360"></a>
	<p>Typesets <code class="literal">literal_text</code> exactly as
	typed, including special characters and spaces, using a typewriter
	(<code class="literal">\tt</code>) type style. There may be no
	space between <code class="literal">\verb</code> or <code class=
	"literal">\verb*</code> and <code class="literal">char</code>
	(space is shown here only for clarity). The <code class=
	"literal">*-form</code> differs only in that spaces are printed</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-verse" name=
	"env-verse"></a><code class="literal">verse</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7517584" class="indexterm" name="idp7517584"></a><a id=
	"idp7518336" class="indexterm" name="idp7518336"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{verse}
	text
	\end{verse}
	</pre>
	<p>The <code class="literal">verse</code> environment is designed
	for poetry, though you may find other uses for it.</p>
	<p>The margins are indented on the left and the right. Separate the
	lines of each stanza with <code class="literal">\\</code>, and use
	one or more blank lines to separate the stanzas.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.7 Footnotes">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="footnotes" name="footnotes"></a>2.3.7
	Footnotes</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp7523456" class="indexterm" name="idp7523456"></a>
	<p>Footnotes can be produced in one of two ways. They can be
	produced with one command, the <code class=
	"literal">\footnote</code> command. They can also be produced with
	two commands, the <code class="literal">\footnotemark</code> and
	the <code class="literal">\footnotetext</code> commands. See the
	specific command for information on why you would use one over the
	other.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-cmd-footnote" name=
	"cmd-cmd-footnote"></a><code class=
	"literal">\footnote[number]{text}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7527936" class="indexterm" name="idp7527936"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\footnote</code> command places the
	numbered footnote <code class="literal">text</code> at the bottom
	of the current page. The optional argument, <code class=
	"literal">number</code>, is used to change the default footnote
	number. This command can only be used in outer paragraph mode;
	i.e., you cannot use it in sectioning commands like <code class=
	"literal">\chapter</code>, in figures, tables or in a <code class=
	"literal">tabular</code> environment.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-footnotemark" name=
	"cmd-footnotemark"></a><code class=
	"literal">\footnotemark</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7533616" class="indexterm" name="idp7533616"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\footnotemark</code> command puts the
	footnote <code class="literal">number</code> in the text. This
	command can be used in inner paragraph mode. The text of the
	footnote is supplied by the <code class=
	"literal">\footnotetext</code> command.</p>
	<p>This command can be used to produce several consecutive footnote
	markers referring to the same footnote by using</p>
	<p><code class="literal">\footnotemark[\value{footnote}]</code></p>
	<p>after the first <code class="literal">\footnote</code>
	command.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-footnotetext" name=
	"cmd-footnotetext"></a><code class=
	"literal">\footnotetext[number]{text}</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7540416" class="indexterm" name="idp7540416"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\footnotetext</code> command produces
	the <code class="literal">text</code> to be placed at the bottom of
	the page. This command can come anywhere after the <code class=
	"literal">\footnotemark</code> command. The <code class=
	"literal">\footnotetext</code> command must appear in outer
	paragraph mode.</p>
	<p>The optional argument, <code class="literal">number</code>, is
	used to change the default footnote number.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.8 Lengths">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="lengths" name="lengths"></a>2.3.8
	Lengths</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp7546496" class="indexterm" name="idp7546496"></a>
	<p>A <code class="literal">length</code> is a measure of distance.
	Many LaTeX commands take a length as an argument.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-newlength" name=
	"cmd-newlength"></a><code class="literal">\newlength</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7549872" class="indexterm" name="idp7549872"></a><a id=
	"idp7550624" class="indexterm" name="idp7550624"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\newlength{\gnat}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\newlength</code> command defines the
	mandatory argument, <code class="literal">\gnat</code>, as a
	<code class="literal">length</code> command with a value of
	<code class="literal">0in</code>. An error occurs if a <code class=
	"literal">\gnat</code> command already exists.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-setlength" name=
	"cmd-setlength"></a><code class="literal">\setlength</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7556992" class="indexterm" name="idp7556992"></a><a id=
	"idp7557744" class="indexterm" name="idp7557744"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\setlength{\gnat}{length}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\setlength</code> command is used to
	set the value of a <code class="literal">length</code> command. The
	<code class="literal">length</code> argument can be expressed in
	any terms of length LaTeX understands, i.e., inches (<code class=
	"literal">in</code>), millimetres (<code class=
	"literal">mm</code>), points (<code class="literal">pt</code>),
	etc.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-addtolength" name=
	"cmd-addtolength"></a><code class=
	"literal">\addtolength</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7564992" class="indexterm" name="idp7564992"></a><a id=
	"idp7565744" class="indexterm" name="idp7565744"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\addtolength{\gnat}{length}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\addtolength</code> command increments
	<span class="emphasis"><em>length command</em></span> by the amount
	specified in the <code class="literal">length</code> argument. It
	can be a negative amount.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-settodepth" name=
	"cmd-settodepth"></a><code class="literal">\settodepth</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7570496" class="indexterm" name="idp7570496"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\settodepth{\gnat}{text}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\settodepth</code> command sets the
	value of a <code class="literal">length</code> command equal to the
	depth of the <code class="literal">text</code> argument.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-settoheight" name=
	"cmd-settoheight"></a><code class=
	"literal">\settoheight</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7575488" class="indexterm" name="idp7575488"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\settoheight{\gnat}{text}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\settoheight</code> command sets the
	value of a <code class="literal">length</code> command equal to the
	height of the <code class="literal">text</code> argument.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-settowidth" name=
	"cmd-settowidth"></a><code class="literal">\settowidth</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7580480" class="indexterm" name="idp7580480"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\settowidth{\gnat}{text}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\settowidth</code> command sets the
	value of a <code class="literal">length</code> command equal to the
	width of the <code class="literal">text</code> argument.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="predefined-lengths-title" name=
	"predefined-lengths-title"></a><code class="literal">Predefined
	lengths</code></h5>
	<a id="idp7585472" class="indexterm" name="idp7585472"></a><a id=
	"idp7586224" class="indexterm" name="idp7586224"></a>
	<p><a id="cmd-length-pre-width" name=
	"cmd-length-pre-width"></a><code class="literal">\width</code>
	<a id="idp7587968" class="indexterm" name="idp7587968"></a></p>
	<p><a id="cmd-length-pre-height" name=
	"cmd-length-pre-height"></a><code class="literal">\height</code>
	<a id="idp7589840" class="indexterm" name="idp7589840"></a></p>
	<p><a id="cmd-length-pre-depth" name=
	"cmd-length-pre-depth"></a><code class="literal">\depth</code>
	<a id="idp7591712" class="indexterm" name="idp7591712"></a></p>
	<p><a id="cmd-length-pre-totalheight" name=
	"cmd-length-pre-totalheight"></a><code class=
	"literal">\totalheight</code> <a id="idp7593584" class="indexterm"
	name="idp7593584"></a></p>
	<p>These length parameters can be used in the arguments of the
	box-making commands See <a class="link" href="#spaces-and-boxes"
	title="2.3.17 Spaces & Boxes">Spaces & Boxes</a>. They
	specify the natural width etc. of the text in the box. <code class=
	"literal">\totalheight</code> equals <code class=
	"literal">\height</code> + <code class="literal">\depth</code>. To
	make a box with the text stretched to double the natural size,
	e.g., say</p>
	<p><code class="literal">\makebox[2\width]{Get a
	stretcher}</code></p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.9 Letters">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="letters" name="letters"></a>2.3.9
	Letters</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp7599872" class="indexterm" name="idp7599872"></a><a id=
	"idp7600624" class="indexterm" name="idp7600624"></a>
	<p>You can use LaTeX to typeset letters, both personal and
	business. The <code class="literal">letter</code> document class is
	designed to make a number of letters at once, although you can make
	just one if you so desire.</p>
	<p>Your <code class="filename">.tex</code> source file has the same
	minimum commands as the other document classes, i.e., you must have
	the following commands as a minimum:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\documentclass{letter}
	\begin{document}
	... letters ...
	\end{document}
	</pre>
	<p>Each letter is a <code class="literal">letter</code>
	environment, whose argument is the name and address of the
	recipient. For example, you might have:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\begin{letter}{Mr. Joe Smith\\ 2345 Princess St.\\ Edinburgh, EH1 1AA}
	...
	\end{letter}
	</pre>
	<p>The letter itself begins with the <code class=
	"literal">\opening</code> command. The text of the letter follows.
	It is typed as ordinary LaTeX input. Commands that make no sense in
	a letter, like <code class="literal">\chapter</code>, do not work.
	The letter closes with a <code class="literal">\closing</code>
	command.</p>
	<p>After the <code class="literal">closing</code>, you can have
	additional material. The <code class="literal">\cc</code> command
	produces the usual <span class="emphasis"><em>cc: ...</em></span>.
	There's also a similar <code class="literal">\encl</code> command
	for a list of enclosures. With both these commands, use
	<code class="literal">\\</code> to separate the items.</p>
	<p>These commands are used with the <code class=
	"literal">letter</code> class:</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-address" name=
	"cmd-address"></a>\address</h5>
	<a id="idp7614784" class="indexterm" name="idp7614784"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\address{Return address}</code></p>
	<p>The return address, as it should appear on the letter and the
	envelope. Separate lines of the address should be separated by
	<code class="literal">\\</code> commands. If you do not make an
	<code class="literal">\address</code> declaration, then the letter
	will be formatted for copying onto your organisation's standard
	letterhead. (See <a class="link" href="#overview" title=
	"2.2 Overview of LaTeX and Local Guide">Overview</a>, for details
	on your local implementation). If you give an <code class=
	"literal">\address</code> declaration, then the letter will be
	formatted as a personal letter.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-cc" name="cmd-cc"></a>\cc</h5>
	<a id="idp7620624" class="indexterm" name="idp7620624"></a><a id=
	"idp7621376" class="indexterm" name="idp7621376"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\cc{Kate Schechter\\Rob
	McKenna}</code></p>
	<p>Generate a list of other persons the letter was sent to. Each
	name is printed on a separate line.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-closing" name=
	"cmd-closing"></a>\closing</h5>
	<a id="idp7624384" class="indexterm" name="idp7624384"></a><a id=
	"idp7625136" class="indexterm" name="idp7625136"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\closing{text}</code></p>
	<p>The letter closes with a <code class="literal">\closing</code>
	command, i.e.,</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\closing{Best Regards,}
	</pre>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-encl" name="cmd-encl"></a>\encl</h5>
	<a id="idp7629264" class="indexterm" name="idp7629264"></a><a id=
	"idp7630016" class="indexterm" name="idp7630016"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\encl{CV\\Certificates}</code></p>
	<p>Generate a list of enclosed material.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-location" name=
	"cmd-location"></a>\location</h5>
	<a id="idp7632896" class="indexterm" name="idp7632896"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\location{address}</code></p>
	<p>This modifies your organisation's standard address. This only
	appears if the <code class="literal">firstpage</code> pagestyle is
	selected.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-makelabels" name=
	"cmd-makelabels"></a>\makelabels</h5>
	<a id="idp7636496" class="indexterm" name="idp7636496"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\makelabels{number}</code></p>
	<p>If you issue this command in the preamble, LaTeX will create a
	sheet of address labels. This sheet will be output before the
	letters.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-name" name="cmd-name"></a>\name</h5>
	<a id="idp7639872" class="indexterm" name="idp7639872"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\name{June Davenport}</code></p>
	<p>Your name, used for printing on the envelope together with the
	return address.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-opening" name=
	"cmd-opening"></a>\opening</h5>
	<a id="idp7642848" class="indexterm" name="idp7642848"></a><a id=
	"idp7643600" class="indexterm" name="idp7643600"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\opening{text}</code></p>
	<p>The letter begins with the <code class="literal">\opening</code>
	command. The mandatory argument, <code class="literal">text</code>,
	is whatever text you wish to start your letter, i.e.,</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\opening{Dear Joe,}
	</pre>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-ps" name="cmd-ps"></a>\ps</h5>
	<a id="idp7648432" class="indexterm" name="idp7648432"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\ps</code></p>
	<p>Use this command before a postscript.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-signature" name=
	"cmd-signature"></a>\signature</h5>
	<a id="idp7651312" class="indexterm" name="idp7651312"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\signature{Harvey Swick}</code></p>
	<p>Your name, as it should appear at the end of the letter
	underneath the space for your signature. Items that should go on
	separate lines should be separated by <code class=
	"literal">\\</code> commands.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-startbreaks" name=
	"cmd-startbreaks"></a>\startbreaks</h5>
	<a id="idp7655008" class="indexterm" name="idp7655008"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\startbreaks</code></p>
	<p>Used after a <code class="literal">\stopbreaks</code> command to
	allow page breaks again.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-stopbreaks" name=
	"cmd-stopbreaks"></a>\stopbreaks</h5>
	<a id="idp7658512" class="indexterm" name="idp7658512"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\stopbreaks</code></p>
	<p>Inhibit page breaks until a <code class=
	"literal">\startbreaks</code> command occurs.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-telephone" name=
	"cmd-telephone"></a>\telephone</h5>
	<a id="idp7662016" class="indexterm" name="idp7662016"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\telephone{number}</code></p>
	<p>This is your telephone number. This only appears if the
	<code class="literal">firstpage</code> pagestyle is selected.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.10 Line & Page Breaking">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="line-and-page-breaking" name=
	"line-and-page-breaking"></a>2.3.10 Line & Page Breaking</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp7665984" class="indexterm" name="idp7665984"></a><a id=
	"idp7666736" class="indexterm" name="idp7666736"></a><a id=
	"idp7667488" class="indexterm" name="idp7667488"></a>
	<p>The first thing LaTeX does when processing ordinary text is to
	translate your input file into a string of glyphs and spaces. To
	produce a printed document, this string must be broken into lines,
	and these lines must be broken into pages. In some environments,
	you do the line breaking yourself with the <code class=
	"literal">\\</code> command, but LaTeX usually does it for you.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-bslash" name="cmd-bslash"></a>\\</h5>
	<a id="idp7671200" class="indexterm" name="idp7671200"></a><a id=
	"idp7671952" class="indexterm" name="idp7671952"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\\[extra-space],
	\\*[extra-space]</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\\</code> command tells LaTeX to start
	a new line. It has an optional argument, <code class=
	"literal">extra-space</code>, that specifies how much extra
	vertical space is to be inserted before the next line. This can be
	a negative amount.</p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\\*</code> command is the same as the
	ordinary <code class="literal">\\</code> command except that it
	tells LaTeX not to start a new page after the line.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-dash-op-hyphenation-cp" name=
	"cmd-dash-op-hyphenation-cp"></a>\-</h5>
	<a id="idp7678704" class="indexterm" name="idp7678704"></a><a id=
	"idp7679456" class="indexterm" name="idp7679456"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\-</code> command tells LaTeX that it
	may hyphenate the word at that point. LaTeX is very good at
	hyphenating, and it will usually find all correct hyphenation
	points. The <code class="literal">\-</code> command is used for the
	exceptional cases.</p>
	<p>Note that when you insert <code class="literal">\-</code>
	commands in a word, the word will only be hyphenated at those
	points and not at any of the hyphenation points that LaTeX might
	otherwise have chosen.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-cleardoublepage" name=
	"cmd-cleardoublepage"></a>\cleardoublepage</h5>
	<a id="idp7685120" class="indexterm" name="idp7685120"></a><a id=
	"idp7685872" class="indexterm" name="idp7685872"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\cleardoublepage</code> command ends
	the current page and causes all figures and tables that have so far
	appeared in the input to be printed. In a two-sided printing style,
	it also makes the next page a right-hand (odd-numbered) page,
	producing a blank page if necessary.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-clearpage" name=
	"cmd-clearpage"></a>\clearpage</h5>
	<a id="idp7688784" class="indexterm" name="idp7688784"></a><a id=
	"idp7689536" class="indexterm" name="idp7689536"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\clearpage</code> command ends the
	current page and causes all figures and tables that have so far
	appeared in the input to be printed.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-enlargethispage" name=
	"cmd-enlargethispage"></a>\enlargethispage</h5>
	<a id="idp7692304" class="indexterm" name="idp7692304"></a><a id=
	"idp7693056" class="indexterm" name="idp7693056"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\enlargethispage{size}</code></p>
	<p><code class="literal">\enlargethispage*{size}</code></p>
	<p>Enlarge the <code class="literal">\textheight</code> for the
	current page by the specified amount; e.g. <code class=
	"literal">\enlargethispage{\baselineskip}</code> will allow one
	additional line.</p>
	<p>The starred form tries to squeeze the material together on the
	page as much as possible. This is normally used together with an
	explicit <code class="literal">\pagebreak</code>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-samepage" name=
	"cmd-samepage"></a>\samepage</h5>
	<a id="idp7699312" class="indexterm" name="idp7699312"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\samepage</code></p>
	<p>The object in the argument <code class="literal">{}</code>
	should be on the current page.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-fussy" name=
	"cmd-fussy"></a>\fussy</h5>
	<a id="idp7702816" class="indexterm" name="idp7702816"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\fussy</code></p>
	<p>This declaration (which is the default) makes TeX more fussy
	about line breaking. This can avoids too much space between words,
	but may produce overfull boxes.</p>
	<p>This command cancels the effect of a previous <code class=
	"literal">\sloppy</code> command. <a class="link" href=
	"#cmd-sloppy" title="2.3.10. \sloppy">\sloppy</a></p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-hyphenation" name=
	"cmd-hyphenation"></a>\hyphenation</h5>
	<a id="idp7707856" class="indexterm" name="idp7707856"></a><a id=
	"idp7708608" class="indexterm" name="idp7708608"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\hyphenation{words}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\hyphenation</code> command declares
	allowed hyphenation points, where <code class=
	"literal">words</code> is a list of words, separated by spaces, in
	which each hyphenation point is indicated by a <code class=
	"literal">-</code> character.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-linebreak" name=
	"cmd-linebreak"></a>\linebreak</h5>
	<a id="idp7713552" class="indexterm" name="idp7713552"></a><a id=
	"idp7714304" class="indexterm" name="idp7714304"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\linebreak[number]</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\linebreak</code> command tells LaTeX
	to break the current line at the point of the command. With the
	optional argument, <code class="literal">number</code>, you can
	convert the <code class="literal">\linebreak</code> command from a
	demand to a request. The number must be a number from 0 to 4. The
	higher the number, the more insistent the request is.</p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\linebreak</code> command causes LaTeX
	to stretch the line so it extends to the right margin.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-newline" name=
	"cmd-newline"></a>\newline</h5>
	<a id="idp7721184" class="indexterm" name="idp7721184"></a><a id=
	"idp7721936" class="indexterm" name="idp7721936"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\newline</code> command breaks the
	line right where it is. It can only be used in paragraph mode.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-newpage" name=
	"cmd-newpage"></a>\newpage</h5>
	<a id="idp7724672" class="indexterm" name="idp7724672"></a><a id=
	"idp7725424" class="indexterm" name="idp7725424"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\newpage</code> command ends the
	current page. In contrast to <a class="link" href="#cmd-pagebreak"
	title="2.3.10. \pagebreak">\pagebreak</a> it can produce a
	partly empty page, even when <a class="link" href=
	"#cmd-flushbottom-title" title=
	"2.3.5. \flushbottom">\flushbottom</a> is active.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-nolinebreak" name=
	"cmd-nolinebreak"></a>\nolinebreak</h5>
	<a id="idp7729456" class="indexterm" name="idp7729456"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\nolinebreak[number]</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\nolinebreak</code> command prevents
	LaTeX from breaking the current line at the point of the command.
	With the optional argument, <code class="literal">number</code>,
	you can convert the <code class="literal">\nolinebreak</code>
	command from a demand to a request. The number must be a number
	from 0 to 4. The higher the number, the more insistent the request
	is.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-nopagebreak" name=
	"cmd-nopagebreak"></a>\nopagebreak</h5>
	<a id="idp7734864" class="indexterm" name="idp7734864"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\nopagebreak[number]</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\nopagebreak</code> command prevents
	LaTeX from breaking the current page at the point of the command.
	With the optional argument, <code class="literal">number</code>,
	you can convert the <code class="literal">\nopagebreak</code>
	command from a demand to a request. The number must be a number
	from 0 to 4. The higher the number, the more insistent the request
	is.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-pagebreak" name=
	"cmd-pagebreak"></a>\pagebreak</h5>
	<a id="idp7740272" class="indexterm" name="idp7740272"></a><a id=
	"idp7741024" class="indexterm" name="idp7741024"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\pagebreak[number]</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\pagebreak</code> command tells LaTeX
	to break the current page at the point of the command. With the
	optional argument, <code class="literal">number</code>, you can
	convert the <code class="literal">\pagebreak</code> command from a
	demand to a request. The number must be a number from 0 to 4. The
	higher the number, the more insistent the request is.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-sloppy" name=
	"cmd-sloppy"></a>\sloppy</h5>
	<a id="idp7746448" class="indexterm" name="idp7746448"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\sloppy</code></p>
	<p>This declaration makes TeX less fussy about line breaking. This
	can prevent overfull boxes, but may leave too much space between
	words.</p>
	<p>Lasts until a <code class="literal">\fussy</code> command is
	issued. <a class="link" href="#cmd-fussy" title=
	"2.3.10. \fussy">\fussy</a>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.11 Making Paragraphs">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="making-paragraphs" name=
	"making-paragraphs"></a>2.3.11 Making Paragraphs</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp7751872" class="indexterm" name="idp7751872"></a><a id=
	"idp7752624" class="indexterm" name="idp7752624"></a>
	<p>A paragraph is ended by one or more completely blank lines ---
	lines not containing even a <code class="literal">%</code>. A blank
	line should not appear where a new paragraph cannot be started,
	such as in math mode or in the argument of a sectioning
	command.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-indent" name=
	"cmd-indent"></a>\indent</h5>
	<a id="idp7755536" class="indexterm" name="idp7755536"></a><a id=
	"idp7756288" class="indexterm" name="idp7756288"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\indent</code></p>
	<p>This produces a horizontal space whose width equals the width of
	the paragraph indentation. It is used to add paragraph indentation
	where it would otherwise be suppressed.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-noindent" name=
	"cmd-noindent"></a>\noindent</h5>
	<a id="idp7759376" class="indexterm" name="idp7759376"></a><a id=
	"idp7760128" class="indexterm" name="idp7760128"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\noindent</code></p>
	<p>When used at the beginning of the paragraph, it suppresses the
	paragraph indentation. It has no effect when used in the middle of
	a paragraph.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-par" name="cmd-par"></a>\par</h5>
	<a id="idp7763184" class="indexterm" name="idp7763184"></a><a id=
	"idp7763936" class="indexterm" name="idp7763936"></a>
	<p>Equivalent to a blank line; often used to make command or
	environment definitions easier to read.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.12 Margin Notes">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="margin-notes" name=
	"margin-notes"></a>2.3.12 Margin Notes</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp7766448" class="indexterm" name="idp7766448"></a><a id=
	"idp7767200" class="indexterm" name="idp7767200"></a><a id=
	"idp7767952" class="indexterm" name="idp7767952"></a>
	<p>The command <code class="literal">\marginpar[left]{right}</code>
	creates a note in the margin. The first line will be at the same
	height as the line in the text where the <code class=
	"literal">\marginpar</code> occurs.</p>
	<p>When you only specify the mandatory argument <code class=
	"literal">right</code>, the text will be placed</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">in the right margin for one-sided layout</li>
	<li class="listitem">in the outside margin for two-sided
	layout</li>
	<li class="listitem">in the nearest margin for two-column
	layout.</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>By issuing the command <code class=
	"literal">\reversemarginpar</code>, you can force the marginal
	notes to go into the opposite (inside) margin.</p>
	<p>When you specify both arguments, <code class=
	"literal">left</code> is used for the left margin, and <code class=
	"literal">right</code> is used for the right margin.</p>
	<p>The first word will normally not be hyphenated; you can enable
	hyphenation by prefixing the first word with a <code class=
	"literal">\hspace{0pt}</code> command.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.13 Math Formulae">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="math-formulae" name=
	"math-formulae"></a>2.3.13 Math Formulae</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp7779168" class="indexterm" name="idp7779168"></a><a id=
	"idp7779920" class="indexterm" name="idp7779920"></a><a id=
	"idp7780672" class="indexterm" name="idp7780672"></a><a id=
	"idp7781424" class="indexterm" name="idp7781424"></a><a id=
	"idp7782176" class="indexterm" name="idp7782176"></a><a id=
	"idp7782928" class="indexterm" name="idp7782928"></a><a id=
	"idp7783680" class="indexterm" name="idp7783680"></a><a id=
	"idp7784432" class="indexterm" name="idp7784432"></a>
	<div class="table"><a id="table-math-mode" name=
	"table-math-mode"></a>
	<p class="title"><strong>Table 1.7. Three environments
	that put LaTeX in math mode</strong></p>
	<div class="table-contents">
	<table summary="Three environments that put LaTeX in math mode"
	border="0">
	<colgroup>
	<col align="left" />
	<col align="justify" /></colgroup>
	<tbody>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">math</td>
	<td align="justify">For Formulae that appear right in the
	text.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">displaymath</td>
	<td align="justify">For Formulae that appear on their own
	line.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">equation</td>
	<td align="justify">The same as the displaymath environment except
	that it adds an equation number in the right margin.</td>
	</tr>
	</tbody>
	</table>
	</div>
	</div>
	<br class="table-break" />
	<p>The <code class="literal">math</code> environment can be used in
	both paragraph and LR mode, but the <code class=
	"literal">displaymath</code> and <code class=
	"literal">equation</code> environments can be used only in
	paragraph mode. The <code class="literal">math</code> and
	<code class="literal">displaymath</code> environments are used so
	often that they have the following short forms:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	$...$ instead of \begin{math}...\end{math}

	\[...\] instead of \begin{displaymath}...\end{displaymath}
	</pre>
	<p>In fact, the <code class="literal">math</code> environment is so
	common that it has an even shorter form:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	$ ... $ instead of $...$
	</pre>
	<a id="idp7799472" class="indexterm" name="idp7799472"></a>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="subscripts-and-superscripts-title" name=
	"subscripts-and-superscripts-title"></a>Subscripts &
	Superscripts</h5>
	<a id="idp7801088" class="indexterm" name="idp7801088"></a><a id=
	"idp7801840" class="indexterm" name="idp7801840"></a><a id=
	"idp7802592" class="indexterm" name="idp7802592"></a><a id=
	"idp7803344" class="indexterm" name="idp7803344"></a>
	<p>To get an expression <span class="emphasis"><em>exp</em></span>
	to appear as a subscript, you just type <code class=
	"literal">_{</code><span class=
	"emphasis"><em>exp</em></span><code class="literal">}</code> . To
	get <span class="emphasis"><em>exp</em></span> to appear as a
	superscript, you type <code class="literal">^{</code><span class=
	"emphasis"><em>exp</em></span> <code class="literal">}</code>.
	LaTeX handles superscripted superscripts and all of that stuff in
	the natural way. It even does the right thing when something has
	both a subscript and a superscript.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="math-symbols-title" name=
	"math-symbols-title"></a>Math Symbols</h5>
	<a id="idp7809568" class="indexterm" name="idp7809568"></a><a id=
	"idp7810320" class="indexterm" name="idp7810320"></a><a id=
	"idp7811072" class="indexterm" name="idp7811072"></a>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="spacing-in-math-mode-title" name=
	"spacing-in-math-mode-title"></a>Spacing in Math Mode</h5>
	<a id="idp7812688" class="indexterm" name="idp7812688"></a><a id=
	"idp7813440" class="indexterm" name="idp7813440"></a>
	<p>In a <code class="literal">math</code> environment, LaTeX
	ignores the spaces you type and puts in the spacing that it thinks
	is best. LaTeX formats mathematics the way it's done in mathematics
	texts. If you want different spacing, LaTeX provides the following
	four commands for use in math mode:</p>
	<a id="idp7816656" class="indexterm" name="idp7816656"></a><a id=
	"idp7817408" class="indexterm" name="idp7817408"></a><a id=
	"idp7818160" class="indexterm" name="idp7818160"></a><a id=
	"idp7818912" class="indexterm" name="idp7818912"></a>
	<div class="orderedlist">
	<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
	<li class="listitem">
	<p><code class="literal">\;</code> - a thick space</p>
	</li>
	<li class="listitem">
	<p><code class="literal">\:</code> - a medium space</p>
	</li>
	<li class="listitem">
	<p><code class="literal">\,</code> - a thin space</p>
	</li>
	<li class="listitem">
	<p><code class="literal">\!</code> - a negative thin space</p>
	</li>
	</ol>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="math-miscellany-title" name=
	"math-miscellany-title"></a>Math Miscellany</h5>
	<a id="idp7825808" class="indexterm" name="idp7825808"></a>
	<div class="table"><a id="table-math-miscellany" name=
	"table-math-miscellany"></a>
	<p class="title"><strong>Table 1.8. Math
	Miscellany</strong></p>
	<div class="table-contents">
	<table summary="Math Miscellany" border="0">
	<colgroup>
	<col align="left" />
	<col align="justify" /></colgroup>
	<tbody>
	<tr>
	<td align="left"><a id="cmd-math-misc-cdots" name=
	"cmd-math-misc-cdots"></a>\cdots<a id="idp7830896" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp7830896"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Produces a horizontal ellipsis where the dots
	are raised to the centre of the line.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left"><a id="cmd-math-misc-ddots" name=
	"cmd-math-misc-ddots"></a>\ddots <a id="idp7833520" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp7833520"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Produces a diagonal ellipsis.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left"><a id="cmd-math-misc-frac" name=
	"cmd-math-misc-frac"></a>\frac{num}{den} <a id="idp7835776" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp7835776"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Produces the fraction <code class=
	"literal">num</code> divided by <code class=
	"literal">den</code>.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left"><a id="cmd-math-misc-ldots" name=
	"cmd-math-misc-ldots"></a>\ldots <a id="idp7839280" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp7839280"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Produces an ellipsis. This command works in any
	mode, not just math mode.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left"><a id="cmd-math-misc-overbrace" name=
	"cmd-math-misc-overbrace"></a>\overbrace{text} <a id="idp7841632"
	class="indexterm" name="idp7841632"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Generates a brace over text.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left"><a id="cmd-math-misc-overline" name=
	"cmd-math-misc-overline"></a>\overline{text} <a id="idp7843888"
	class="indexterm" name="idp7843888"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Causes the argument text to be overlined.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left"><a id="cmd-math-misc-sqrt" name=
	"cmd-math-misc-sqrt"></a>\sqrt[root]{arg} <a id="idp7846144" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp7846144"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Produces the square root of its argument. The
	optional argument, <code class="literal">root</code>, determines
	what root to produce, i.e., the cube root of <code class=
	"literal">x+y</code> would be typed as <code class=
	"literal">$\sqrt[3]{x+y}$</code>.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left"><a id="cmd-math-misc-underbrace" name=
	"cmd-math-misc-underbrace"></a>\underbrace{text} <a id="idp7850448"
	class="indexterm" name="idp7850448"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Generates text with a brace underneath.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left"><a id="cmd-math-misc-underline" name=
	"cmd-math-misc-underline"></a>\underline{text} <a id="idp7852704"
	class="indexterm" name="idp7852704"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Causes the argument text to be underlined. This
	command can also be used in paragraph and LR modes.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left"><a id="cmd-math-misc-vdots" name=
	"cmd-math-misc-vdots"></a>\vdots <a id="idp7855216" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp7855216"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Produces a vertical ellipsis.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left"><a id="cmd-math-misc-ensuremath" name=
	"cmd-math-misc-ensuremath"></a>\ensuremath{} <a id="idp7857600"
	class="indexterm" name="idp7857600"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">It's argument is set in math mode. This is
	needed for own definitions.</td>
	</tr>
	</tbody>
	</table>
	</div>
	</div>
	<br class="table-break" /></div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.14 Modes">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="modes" name="modes"></a>2.3.14 Modes</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp7860720" class="indexterm" name="idp7860720"></a><a id=
	"idp7861472" class="indexterm" name="idp7861472"></a><a id=
	"idp7862224" class="indexterm" name="idp7862224"></a><a id=
	"idp7862976" class="indexterm" name="idp7862976"></a><a id=
	"idp7863728" class="indexterm" name="idp7863728"></a>
	<p>When LaTeX is processing your input text, it is always in one of
	three modes:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">paragraph mode</li>
	<li class="listitem">Math mode</li>
	<li class="listitem">Left-to-right mode, called LR mode for
	short</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>LaTeX changes mode only when it goes up or down a staircase to a
	different level, though not all level changes produce mode changes.
	Mode changes occur only when entering or leaving an environment, or
	when LaTeX is processing the argument of certain text-producing
	commands.</p>
	<p><span class="emphasis"><em>Paragraph mode</em></span> is the
	most common; it's the one LaTeX is in when processing ordinary
	text. In that mode, LaTeX breaks your text into lines and breaks
	the lines into pages. LaTeX is in <span class="emphasis"><em>math
	mode</em></span> when it's generating a mathematical formula. In
	<span class="emphasis"><em>LR mode</em></span>, as in paragraph
	mode, LaTeX considers the output that it produces to be a string of
	words with spaces between them. However, unlike paragraph mode,
	LaTeX keeps going from left to right; it never starts a new line in
	LR mode. Even if you put a hundred words into an <code class=
	"literal">\mbox</code>, LaTeX would keep typesetting them from left
	to right inside a single box, and then complain because the
	resulting box was too wide to fit on the line.</p>
	<p>LaTeX is in LR mode when it starts making a box with an
	<code class="literal">\mbox</code> command. You can get it to enter
	a different mode inside the box - for example, you can make it
	enter math mode to put a formula in the box. There are also several
	text-producing commands and environments for making a box that put
	LaTeX in paragraph mode. The box make by one of these commands or
	environments will be called a <code class="literal">parbox</code>.
	When LaTeX is in paragraph mode while making a box, it is said to
	be in <span class="emphasis"><em>inner paragraph mode</em></span>.
	Its normal paragraph mode, which it starts out in, is called
	<span class="emphasis"><em>outer paragraph mode</em></span>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.15 Page Styles">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="page-styles" name="page-styles"></a>2.3.15
	Page Styles</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp7879632" class="indexterm" name="idp7879632"></a><a id=
	"idp7880384" class="indexterm" name="idp7880384"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\documentclass</code> command
	determines the size and position of the page's head and foot. The
	page style determines what goes in them.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-maketitle" name=
	"cmd-maketitle"></a>\maketitle</h5>
	<a id="idp7883152" class="indexterm" name="idp7883152"></a><a id=
	"idp7883904" class="indexterm" name="idp7883904"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\maketitle</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\maketitle</code> command generates a
	title on a separate title page. In the <code class=
	"literal">article</code> class, <code class=
	"literal">\maketitle</code> will also switch to pagestyle
	<code class="literal">plain</code>. See <a class="link" href=
	"#page-styles" title="2.3.15 Page Styles">Page Styles</a> for
	commands to change page numbering.</p>
	<p>Information used to produce the title is obtained from the
	following declarations:</p>
	<p>See <a class="link" href="#page-styles" title=
	"2.3.15 Page Styles">Page Styles</a> for the commands to give the
	information.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-author" name=
	"cmd-author"></a>\author</h5>
	<a id="idp7891680" class="indexterm" name="idp7891680"></a><a id=
	"idp7892432" class="indexterm" name="idp7892432"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\author{names}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\author</code> command declares the
	author(s), where <code class="literal">names</code> is a list of
	authors separated by <code class="literal">\and</code> commands.
	Use <code class="literal">\\</code> to separate lines within a
	single author's entry -- for example, to give the author's
	institution or address.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-date" name="cmd-date"></a>\date</h5>
	<a id="idp7897952" class="indexterm" name="idp7897952"></a><a id=
	"idp7898704" class="indexterm" name="idp7898704"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\date{text}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\date</code> command declares
	<span class="emphasis"><em>text</em></span> to be the document's
	date. With no <code class="literal">\date</code> command, the
	current date is used.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-thanks" name=
	"cmd-thanks"></a>\thanks</h5>
	<a id="idp7903216" class="indexterm" name="idp7903216"></a><a id=
	"idp7903968" class="indexterm" name="idp7903968"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\thanks{text}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\thanks</code> command produces a
	<code class="literal">\footnote</code> to the title.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-title" name=
	"cmd-title"></a>\title</h5>
	<a id="idp7908096" class="indexterm" name="idp7908096"></a><a id=
	"idp7908848" class="indexterm" name="idp7908848"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\title{text}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\title</code> command declares
	<code class="literal">text</code> to be the title. Use <code class=
	"literal">\\</code> to tell LaTeX where to start a new line in a
	long title.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-pagenumbering" name=
	"cmd-pagenumbering"></a>\pagenumbering</h5>
	<a id="idp7913984" class="indexterm" name="idp7913984"></a><a id=
	"idp7914736" class="indexterm" name="idp7914736"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\pagenumbering{num_style}</code></p>
	<p>Specifies the style of page numbers. Possible values of
	<code class="literal">num_style</code> are:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">arabic</code> - Arabic
	numerals</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">roman</code> - Lowercase
	Roman numerals</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">Roman</code> - Uppercase
	Roman numerals</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">alph</code> - Lowercase
	letters</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">Alph</code> - Uppercase
	letters</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-pagestyle" name=
	"cmd-pagestyle"></a>\pagestyle</h5>
	<a id="idp7924624" class="indexterm" name="idp7924624"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\pagestyle{option}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\pagestyle</code> command changes the
	style from the current page on throughout the remainder of your
	document.</p>
	<p>The valid options are:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">plain</code> - Just a
	plain page number.</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">empty</code> - Produces
	empty heads and feet - no page numbers.</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">headings</code> - Puts
	running headings on each page. The document style specifies what
	goes in the headings.</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">myheadings</code> - You
	specify what is to go in the heading with the <code class=
	"literal">\markboth</code> or the <code class=
	"literal">\markright</code> commands.</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-markboth" name=
	"cmd-markboth"></a>\markboth</h5>
	<a id="idp7935344" class="indexterm" name="idp7935344"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\markboth{left head}{right head}
	</pre>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\markboth</code> command is used in
	conjunction with the page style <code class=
	"literal">myheadings</code> for setting both the left and the right
	heading. You should note that a <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>left-hand heading</em></span> is generated by the
	last <code class="literal">\markboth</code> command before the end
	of the page, while a <span class="emphasis"><em>right-hand
	heading</em></span> is generated by the first <code class=
	"literal">\markboth</code> or <code class=
	"literal">\markright</code> that comes on the page if there is one,
	otherwise by the last one before the page.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-markright" name=
	"cmd-markright"></a>\markright</h5>
	<a id="idp7942144" class="indexterm" name="idp7942144"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\markright{right head}
	</pre>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\markright</code> command is used in
	conjunction with the page style <code class=
	"literal">myheadings</code> for setting the right heading, leaving
	the left heading unchanged. You should note that a <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>left-hand heading</em></span> is generated by the
	last <code class="literal">\markboth</code> command before the end
	of the page, while a <span class="emphasis"><em>right-hand
	heading</em></span> is generated by the first <code class=
	"literal">\markboth</code> or <code class=
	"literal">\markright</code> that comes on the page if there is one,
	otherwise by the last one before the page.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-thispagestyle" name=
	"cmd-thispagestyle"></a>\thispagestyle</h5>
	<a id="idp7948960" class="indexterm" name="idp7948960"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\thispagestyle{option}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\thispagestyle</code> command works in
	the same manner as the <code class="literal">\pagestyle</code>
	command except that it changes the style for the current page
	only.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.16 Sectioning">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="sectioning" name="sectioning"></a>2.3.16
	Sectioning</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp7953568" class="indexterm" name="idp7953568"></a><a id=
	"idp7954320" class="indexterm" name="idp7954320"></a><a id=
	"idp7955072" class="indexterm" name="idp7955072"></a><a id=
	"idp7955824" class="indexterm" name="idp7955824"></a><a id=
	"idp7956576" class="indexterm" name="idp7956576"></a><a id=
	"idp7957328" class="indexterm" name="idp7957328"></a>
	<p>Sectioning commands provide the means to structure your text
	into units.</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-sectioning-part" name=
	"cmd-sectioning-part"></a><code class="literal">\part</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-sectioning-chapter" name=
	"cmd-sectioning-chapter"></a><code class="literal">\chapter</code>
	(report and book class only)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-sectioning-section" name=
	"cmd-sectioning-section"></a><code class=
	"literal">\section</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-sectioning-subsection" name=
	"cmd-sectioning-subsection"></a><code class=
	"literal">\subsection</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-sectioning-subsubsection" name=
	"cmd-sectioning-subsubsection"></a><code class=
	"literal">\subsubsection</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-sectioning-paragraph" name=
	"cmd-sectioning-paragraph"></a><code class=
	"literal">\paragraph</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-sectioning-subparagraph" name=
	"cmd-sectioning-subparagraph"></a><code class=
	"literal">\subparagraph</code></li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>All sectioning commands take the same general form, i.e.,</p>
	<p><code class="literal">\chapter[optional]{title}</code></p>
	<p>In addition to providing the heading in the text, the mandatory
	argument of the sectioning command can appear in two other
	places:</p>
	<div class="orderedlist">
	<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
	<li class="listitem">
	<p>The table of contents</p>
	</li>
	<li class="listitem">
	<p>The running head at the top of the page</p>
	</li>
	</ol>
	</div>
	<p>You may not want the same thing to appear in these other two
	places as appears in the text heading. To handle this situation,
	the sectioning commands have an <code class=
	"literal">optional</code> argument that provides the text for these
	other two purposes.</p>
	<p>All sectioning commands have <code class=
	"literal">*</code>-forms that print a <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>title</em></span>, but do not include a number and
	do not make an entry in the table of contents.</p>
	<a id="idp7975504" class="indexterm" name="idp7975504"></a><a id=
	"idp7976256" class="indexterm" name="idp7976256"></a>
	<p><a id="cmd-sectioning-appendix" name=
	"cmd-sectioning-appendix"></a><code class=
	"literal">\appendix</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\appendix</code> command changes the
	way sectional units are numbered. The <code class=
	"literal">\appendix</code> command generates no text and does not
	affect the numbering of parts. The normal use of this command is
	something like</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\chapter{The First Chapter}
	...
	\appendix
	\chapter{The First Appendix}
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.17 Spaces & Boxes">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="spaces-and-boxes" name=
	"spaces-and-boxes"></a>2.3.17 Spaces & Boxes</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp7981952" class="indexterm" name="idp7981952"></a><a id=
	"idp7982704" class="indexterm" name="idp7982704"></a>
	<p>All the predefined length parameters See <a class="link" href=
	"#predefined-lengths-title" title=
	"2.3.8. Predefined lengths">Predefined lengths</a> can be used
	in the arguments of the box-making commands.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-dotfill" name=
	"cmd-dotfill"></a>\dotfill</h5>
	<a id="idp7985408" class="indexterm" name="idp7985408"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\dotfill</code> command produces a
	<span class="emphasis"><em>rubber length</em></span> that produces
	dots instead of just spaces.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-hfill" name=
	"cmd-hfill"></a>\hfill</h5>
	<a id="idp7988416" class="indexterm" name="idp7988416"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\hfill</code> fill command produces a
	<span class="emphasis"><em>rubber length</em></span> which can
	stretch or shrink horizontally. It will be filled with spaces.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-hrulefill" name=
	"cmd-hrulefill"></a>\hrulefill</h5>
	<a id="idp7991520" class="indexterm" name="idp7991520"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\hrulefill</code> fill command
	produces a <span class="emphasis"><em>rubber length</em></span>
	which can stretch or shrink horizontally. It will be filled with a
	horizontal rule.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-hspace" name=
	"cmd-hspace"></a>\hspace</h5>
	<a id="idp7994640" class="indexterm" name="idp7994640"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\hspace{length},
	\hspace*{length}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\hspace</code> command adds horizontal
	space. The length of the space can be expressed in any terms that
	LaTeX understands, i.e., points, inches, etc. You can add negative
	as well as positive space with an <code class=
	"literal">\hspace</code> command. Adding negative space is like
	backspacing.</p>
	<p>LaTeX removes horizontal space that comes at the end of a line.
	If you don't want LaTeX to remove this space, include the optional
	<code class="literal">*</code> argument. Then the space is never
	removed.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-addvspace" name=
	"cmd-addvspace"></a>\addvspace</h5>
	<a id="idp8001216" class="indexterm" name="idp8001216"></a><a id=
	"idp8001968" class="indexterm" name="idp8001968"></a><a id=
	"idp8002720" class="indexterm" name="idp8002720"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\addvspace{length}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\addvspace</code> command normally
	adds a vertical space of height length. However, if vertical space
	has already been added to the same point in the output by a
	previous <code class="literal">\addvspace</code> command, then this
	command will not add more space than needed to make the natural
	length of the total vertical space equal to <code class=
	"literal">length</code>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-bigskip" name=
	"cmd-bigskip"></a>\bigskip</h5>
	<a id="idp8008256" class="indexterm" name="idp8008256"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\bigskip</code> command is equivalent
	to <code class="literal">\vspace{bigskipamount}</code> where
	<code class="literal">bigskipamount</code> is determined by the
	document class.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-medskip" name=
	"cmd-medskip"></a>\medskip</h5>
	<a id="idp8012864" class="indexterm" name="idp8012864"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\medskip</code> command is equivalent
	to <code class="literal">\vspace{medskipamount}</code> where
	<code class="literal">medskipamount</code> is determined by the
	document class.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-smallskip" name=
	"cmd-smallskip"></a>\smallskip</h5>
	<a id="idp8017408" class="indexterm" name="idp8017408"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\smallskip</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\smallskip</code> command is
	equivalent to <code class="literal">\vspace{smallskipamount}</code>
	where <code class="literal">smallskipamount</code> is determined by
	the document class.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-vfill" name=
	"cmd-vfill"></a>\vfill</h5>
	<a id="idp8022928" class="indexterm" name="idp8022928"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\vfill</code> fill command produces a
	rubber length which can stretch or shrink vertically.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-vspace" name=
	"cmd-vspace"></a>\vspace</h5>
	<a id="idp8026048" class="indexterm" name="idp8026048"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\vspace{length},
	\vspace*{length}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\vspace</code> command adds vertical
	space. The length of the space can be expressed in any terms that
	LaTeX understands, i.e., points, inches, etc. You can add negative
	as well as positive space with an <code class=
	"literal">\vspace</code> command.</p>
	<p>LaTeX removes vertical space that comes at the end of a page. If
	you don't want LaTeX to remove this space, include the optional
	<code class="literal">*</code> argument. Then the space is never
	removed.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-fbox" name="cmd-fbox"></a>\fbox</h5>
	<a id="idp8033392" class="indexterm" name="idp8033392"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\fbox{text}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\fbox</code> command is exactly the
	same as the <code class="literal">\mbox</code> command, except that
	it puts a frame around the outside of the box that it creates.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-framebox" name=
	"cmd-framebox"></a>\framebox</h5>
	<a id="idp8037904" class="indexterm" name="idp8037904"></a>
	<p><code class=
	"literal">\framebox[width][position]{text}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\framebox</code> command is exactly
	the same as the <code class="literal">\makebox</code> command,
	except that it puts a frame around the outside of the box that it
	creates.</p>
	<p>The framebox command produces a rule of thickness <code class=
	"literal">\fboxrule</code>, and leaves a space <code class=
	"literal">\fboxsep</code> between the rule and the contents of the
	box.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="env-lrbox" name="env-lrbox"></a>lrbox</h5>
	<a id="idp8044752" class="indexterm" name="idp8044752"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\begin{lrbox}{cmd} text
	\end{lrbox}</code></p>
	<p>This is the environment form of <code class=
	"literal">\sbox</code>.</p>
	<p>The text inside the environment is saved in the box <code class=
	"literal">cmd</code>, which must have been declared with
	<code class="literal">\newsavebox</code>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-makebox" name=
	"cmd-makebox"></a>\makebox</h5>
	<a id="idp8050640" class="indexterm" name="idp8050640"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\makebox[width][position]{text}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\makebox</code> command creates a box
	just wide enough to contain the <code class="literal">text</code>
	specified. The width of the box is specified by the optional
	<code class="literal">width</code> argument. The position of the
	text within the box is determined by the optional <code class=
	"literal">position</code> argument.</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">c</code> --- centred
	(default)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">l</code> ---
	flushleft</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">r</code> ---
	flushright</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">s</code> --- stretch
	from left to right margin. The text must contain stretchable space
	for this to work.</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>See <a class="link" href="#cmd-makebox-op-picture-cp" title=
	"2.3.6. \makebox(width,height)[position]{...}">\makebox
	(picture)</a>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-mbox" name="cmd-mbox"></a>\mbox</h5>
	<a id="idp8064032" class="indexterm" name="idp8064032"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\mbox{text}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\mbox</code> command creates a box
	just wide enough to hold the text created by its argument.</p>
	<p>Use this command to prevent text from being split across
	lines.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-newsavebox" name=
	"cmd-newsavebox"></a>\newsavebox</h5>
	<a id="idp8068592" class="indexterm" name="idp8068592"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\newsavebox{cmd}</code></p>
	<p>Declares <code class="literal">cmd</code>, which must be a
	command name that is not already defined, to be a bin for saving
	boxes.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-parbox" name=
	"cmd-parbox"></a>\parbox</h5>
	<a id="idp8072704" class="indexterm" name="idp8072704"></a>
	<p><code class=
	"literal">\parbox[position][height][inner-pos]{width}{text}</code></p>
	<p>A <code class="literal">parbox</code> is a box whose contents
	are created in <code class="literal">paragraph</code> mode. The
	<code class="literal">\parbox</code> has two mandatory
	arguments:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">width</code> - specifies
	the width of the parbox, and</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">text</code> - the text
	that goes inside the parbox.</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>LaTeX will position a <code class="literal">parbox</code> so its
	centre lines up with the centre of the text line. The optional
	<span class="emphasis"><em>position</em></span> argument allows you
	to line up either the top or bottom line in the parbox (default is
	top).</p>
	<p>If the <span class="emphasis"><em>height</em></span> argument is
	not given, the box will have the natural height of the text.</p>
	<p>The <span class="emphasis"><em>inner-pos</em></span> argument
	controls the placement of the text inside the box. If it is not
	specified, <span class="emphasis"><em>position</em></span> is
	used.</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">t</code> --- text is
	placed at the top of the box.</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">c</code> --- text is
	centred in the box.</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">b</code> --- text is
	placed at the bottom of the box.</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">s</code> --- stretch
	vertically. The text must contain vertically stretchable space for
	this to work.</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>A <code class="literal">\parbox</code> command is used for a
	parbox containing a small piece of text, with nothing fancy inside.
	In particular, you shouldn't use any of the paragraph-making
	environments inside a <code class="literal">\parbox</code>
	argument. For larger pieces of text, including ones containing a
	paragraph-making environment, you should use a <code class=
	"literal">minipage</code> environment See <a class="link" href=
	"#env-minipage" title="2.3.6. minipage">minipage</a>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-raisebox" name=
	"cmd-raisebox"></a>\raisebox</h5>
	<a id="idp8094976" class="indexterm" name="idp8094976"></a>
	<p><code class=
	"literal">\raisebox{distance}[extend-above][extend-below]{text}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\raisebox</code> command is used to
	raise or lower text. The first mandatory argument specifies how
	high the text is to be raised (or lowered if it is a negative
	amount). The text itself is processed in <code class="literal">LR
	mode</code>.</p>
	<p>Sometimes it's useful to make LaTeX think something has a
	different size than it really does - or a different size than LaTeX
	would normally think it has. The <code class=
	"literal">\raisebox</code> command lets you tell LaTeX how tall it
	is.</p>
	<p>The first optional argument, <code class=
	"literal">extend-above</code>, makes LaTeX think that the text
	extends above the line by the amount specified. The second optional
	argument, <code class="literal">extend-below</code>, makes LaTeX
	think that the text extends below the line by the amount
	specified.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-rule" name="cmd-rule"></a>\rule</h5>
	<a id="idp8105536" class="indexterm" name="idp8105536"></a>
	<p><code class=
	"literal">\rule[raise-height]{width}{thickness}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\rule</code> command is used to
	produce horizontal lines. The arguments are defined as follows:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">raise-height</code> -
	specifies how high to raise the rule (optional)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">width</code> - specifies
	the length of the rule (mandatory)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">thickness</code> -
	specifies the thickness of the rule (mandatory)</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-savebox" name=
	"cmd-savebox"></a>\savebox</h5>
	<a id="idp8114176" class="indexterm" name="idp8114176"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\savebox{cmd}[width][pos]{text}</code></p>
	<p>This command typeset <code class="literal">text</code> in a box
	just as for <code class="literal">\makebox</code>. However, instead
	of printing the resulting box, it saves it in bin <code class=
	"literal">cmd</code>, which must have been declared with
	<code class="literal">\newsavebox</code>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-sbox" name="cmd-sbox"></a>\sbox</h5>
	<a id="idp8120368" class="indexterm" name="idp8120368"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\sbox{cmd}\{text}</code></p>
	<p>This commands typesets <code class="literal">text</code> in a
	box just as for <code class="literal">\mbox</code>. However,
	instead of printing the resulting box, it saves it in <code class=
	"literal">cmd</code>, which must have been declared with
	<code class="literal">\newsavebox</code>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-usebox" name=
	"cmd-usebox"></a>\usebox</h5>
	<a id="idp8126672" class="indexterm" name="idp8126672"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\usebox{cmd}</code></p>
	<p>Prints the box most recently saved in bin <code class=
	"literal">cmd</code> by a <code class="literal">\savebox</code>
	command.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.18 Special Characters">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="special-characters" name=
	"special-characters"></a>2.3.18 Special Characters</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp8132064" class="indexterm" name="idp8132064"></a><a id=
	"idp8132880" class="indexterm" name="idp8132880"></a><a id=
	"idp8133696" class="indexterm" name="idp8133696"></a><a id=
	"idp8134512" class="indexterm" name="idp8134512"></a>
	<p>The following characters play a special role in LaTeX and are
	called <span class="emphasis"><em>special printing
	characters</em></span>, or simply <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>special characters</em></span>.</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	# $ % & ~ _ ^ \ { }
	</pre>
	<p>Whenever you put one of these special characters into your file,
	you are doing something special. If you simply want the character
	to be printed just as any other letter, include a <code class=
	"literal">\</code> in front of the character. For example,
	<code class="literal">\$</code> will produce <code class=
	"literal">$</code> in your output.</p>
	<p>One exception to this rule is the <code class="literal">\</code>
	itself because <code class="literal">\\</code> has its own special
	meaning. A <code class="literal">\</code> is produced by typing
	<code class="literal">$\backslash$</code> in your file.</p>
	<p>Also, <code class="literal">\~</code> means `place a tilde
	accent over the following letter', so you will probably want to use
	<code class="literal">\verb</code> instead.</p>
	<a id="idp8145728" class="indexterm" name="idp8145728"></a><a id=
	"idp8146544" class="indexterm" name="idp8146544"></a><a id=
	"idp8147360" class="indexterm" name="idp8147360"></a>
	<p>In addition, you can access any character of a font once you
	know its number by using the <code class="literal">\symbol</code>
	command. For example, the character used for displaying spaces in
	the <code class="literal">\verb*</code> command has the code
	decimal 32, so it can be typed as <code class=
	"literal">\symbol{32}</code>.</p>
	<p>You can also specify octal numbers with <code class=
	"literal">'</code> or hexadecimal numbers with <code class=
	"literal">"</code>, so the previous example could also be written
	as <code class="literal">\symbol{'40}</code> or <code class=
	"literal">\symbol{"20}</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.19 Special Symbols">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="special-symbols" name=
	"special-symbols"></a>2.3.19 Special Symbols</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp8156048" class="indexterm" name="idp8156048"></a>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="accents-on-chars-title" name=
	"accents-on-chars-title"></a>Accents on Characters</h5>
	<a id="idp8158960" class="indexterm" name="idp8158960"></a>
	<p>The rules differ somewhat depending whether you are in <a class=
	"link" href="#modes" title="2.3.14 Modes">text mode</a>, <a class=
	"link" href="#modes" title="2.3.14 Modes">math modes</a>, or the
	<a class="link" href="#env-tabbing" title=
	"2.3.6. tabbing">tabbing environment</a>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp8163120" name="idp8163120"></a>Text
	Mode</h5>
	<p>The following accents may be placed on letters. Although
	<span class="emphasis"><em>o</em></span> is used in most of the
	example, the accents may be placed on any letter. Accents may even
	be placed above a <span class="emphasis"><em>missing</em></span>
	letter; for example, <code class="literal">\~{}</code> produces a
	tilde over a blank space.</p>
	<p>The following commands may be used only in paragraph or LR
	mode:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\`{o}</code> produces a
	grave accent, <span class="emphasis"><em>ò</em></span></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\'{o}</code> produces an
	acute accent, <span class="emphasis"><em>ó</em></span></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\^{o}</code> produces a
	circumflex, <span class="emphasis"><em>ô</em></span></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\"{o}</code> produces an
	umlaut or dieresis, <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>ö</em></span></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\H{o}</code> produces a
	long Hungarian umlaut</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\~{o}</code> produces a
	tilde, <span class="emphasis"><em>õ</em></span></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\c{c}</code> produces a
	cedilla, <span class="emphasis"><em>ç</em></span></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\={o}</code> produces a
	macron accent (a bar over the letter)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\b{o}</code> produces a
	bar under the letter</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\.{o}</code> produces a
	dot over the letter</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\d{o}</code> produces a
	dot under the letter</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\u{o}</code> produces a
	breve over the letter</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\v{o}</code> produces a
	<span class="emphasis"><em>v</em></span> over the letter</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\t{oo}</code> produces a
	<span class="emphasis"><em>tie</em></span> (inverted u) over the
	two letters</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>Note that the letters <span class="emphasis"><em>i</em></span>
	and <span class="emphasis"><em>j</em></span> require special
	treatment when they are given accents because it is often desirable
	to replace the dot with the accent. For this purpose, the commands
	<code class="literal">\i</code> and <code class="literal">\j</code>
	can be used to produce dotless letters.</p>
	<p>For example,</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\^{\i}</code> should be
	used for i, circumflex, î</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\"{\i}</code> should be
	used for i, umlaut, ï</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="accents-chars-math" name=
	"accents-chars-math"></a>Math Mode</h5>
	<p>Several of the above and some similar accents can also be
	produced in math mode. The following commands may be used
	<span class="emphasis"><em>only</em></span> in math mode:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\hat{o}</code> is
	similar to the circumflex (cf. <code class=
	"literal">\^</code>)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\widehat{oo}</code> is a
	wide version of <span class="emphasis"><em>\hat</em></span> over
	several letters</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\check{o}</code> is a
	vee or check (cf. <code class="literal">\v</code>)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\tilde{o}</code> is a
	tilde (cf. <code class="literal">\~</code>)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\widetilde{oo}</code> is
	a wide version of <code class="literal">\tilde</code> over several
	letters</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\acute{o}</code> is an
	acute accent (cf. <code class="literal">\`</code>)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\grave{o}</code> is a
	grave accent (cf. <code class="literal">>\'</code>)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\dot{o}</code> is a dot
	over the letter (cf. <code class="literal">\.</code>)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\ddot{o}</code> is a
	double dot over the letter</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\breve{o}</code> is a
	breve (cf. <code class="literal">\u</code>)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\bar{o}</code> is a
	macron (cf. <code class="literal">\=</code>)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\vec{o}</code> is a
	vector (arrow) over the letter</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="accents-chars-tabbing" name=
	"accents-chars-tabbing"></a>Tabbing Environment</h5>
	<p>Some of the accent marks used in running text have other uses in
	the <a class="link" href="#env-tabbing" title=
	"2.3.6. tabbing">Tabbing Environment</a>. In that case they
	can be created with the following command:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">>\a'</code> for an
	acute accent</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\a`</code> for a grave
	accent</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\a=</code> for a macron
	accent</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="arrows-title" name=
	"arrows-title"></a>Arrows</h5>
	<a id="idp8231888" class="indexterm" name="idp8231888"></a>
	<p>LaTeX provides commands for all sorts of arrows. The following
	commands are used only in math mode.</p>
	<p>In general the command names are created from <code class=
	"literal">left</code>, <code class="literal">right</code>,
	<code class="literal">up</code>, or <code class=
	"literal">down</code>. <code class="literal">leftright</code> gives
	a double headed arrow. Prefacing with <code class=
	"literal">long</code> gives a longer arrow. Capitalizing the first
	letter gives a double-shanked arrow.</p>
	<p>Examples are:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\leftarrow</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\Leftarrow</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class=
	"literal">\longleftarrow</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class=
	"literal">\Longleftarrow</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\rightarrow</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\Rightarrow</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class=
	"literal">\longrightarrow</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class=
	"literal">\Longrightarrow</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class=
	"literal">\leftrightarrow</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class=
	"literal">\Leftrightarrow</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class=
	"literal">\longleftrightarrow</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\uparrow</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\downarrow</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\Uparrow</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">>\nearrow</code>
	points from southwest to northeast</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\searrow</code> points
	from northwest to southeast</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\swarrow</code> points
	from northeast to southwest</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\nwarrow</code> points
	from southeast to northwest</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\stackrel</code> command is useful for
	putting things over or under your arrow.</p>
	<p>See also:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><a class="link" href="#math-symbols-title"
	title="2.3.13. Math Symbols">Math Symbols</a></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a class="link" href=
	"#binary-and-relational-ops-title" title=
	"2.3.19. Binary and Relational Operators">Binary and
	Relational Operators</a></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a class="link" href="#greek-letters-title"
	title="2.3.19. Greek Letters">Greek Letters</a></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a class="link" href="#misc-symbols-title"
	title="2.3.19. Miscellaneous Symbols">Miscellaneous
	Symbols</a></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a class="link" href=
	"#variable-math-size-symbols-title" title=
	"2.3.19. Variable Size Math Symbols">Variable Size Math
	Symbols</a></li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="binary-and-relational-ops-title" name=
	"binary-and-relational-ops-title"></a>Binary and Relational
	Operators</h5>
	<a id="idp8273408" class="indexterm" name="idp8273408"></a><a id=
	"idp8274480" class="indexterm" name="idp8274480"></a><a id=
	"idp8275552" class="indexterm" name="idp8275552"></a><a id=
	"idp8277040" class="indexterm" name="idp8277040"></a>
	<p>Some <span class="emphasis"><em>math</em></span> symbols are
	obtained by typing the corresponding keyboard character. Examples
	include</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	+ - = < >
	</pre>
	<div class="note" title="Note" style=
	"margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
	<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
	<p>plus, minus, and equal sign may be used in either text or math
	mode, but < and > are math mode only (they produce inverted
	exclamation and question marks, respectively, in text mode).</p>
	</div>
	<p>The following commands may be used only in math mode:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\pm</code> plus or minus
	sign</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\mp</code> minus or plus
	sign</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\times</code> times (an
	"x")</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\div</code> divided by
	sign</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\ast</code> an asterisk
	(centered)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\star</code> a
	five-point star (centered)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\bullet</code> a
	bullet</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\circ</code> an open
	bullet</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\cdot</code> a centered
	dot</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\leq</code> less than or
	equal to</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\ll</code> much less
	than</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\subset</code> is a
	subset of</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\geq</code> greater than
	or equal to</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\gg</code> much greater
	than</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\equiv</code>
	equivalence symbol</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\sim</code> similar
	to</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\simeq</code> similar or
	equal to</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\approx</code>
	approximately equal to</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\neq</code> not equal
	to</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\per</code>
	"perpendicular to" symbols</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\propto</code>
	proportional to</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>Note that <span class="emphasis"><em>greater than</em></span>
	and <span class="emphasis"><em>less than</em></span> are obtained
	simply by entering <code class="literal">></code> and
	<code class="literal"><</code>.</p>
	<p>A slash, indicating <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span>
	can be placed through a symbol (or a letter) with the <code class=
	"literal">\not</code> command. For example, not less than is
	<code class="literal">\not<</code> and not less than or equal to
	is <code class="literal">\not\leq</code>. If the slash isn't
	properly positioned it can be moved by putting a math mode spacing
	command between the <code class="literal">\not</code>and the
	symbol.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="delimiters-title" name=
	"delimiters-title"></a>Delimiters</h5>
	<a id="idp8319136" class="indexterm" name="idp8319136"></a>
	<p>Delimiters are objects which act logically like parentheses.
	These can be used only in math mode.</p>
	<p>The delimiters recognized by LaTeX include:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">(</code> (left
	parenthesis)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">)</code> (right
	parenthesis)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">[</code> (left
	bracket)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">]</code> (right
	bracket)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\{</code> (left
	brace)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\}</code> (right
	brace)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\|</code> (vertical
	line)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\vert</code> (vertical
	line)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\\|</code> (double
	vertical lines)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\Vert</code> (double
	vertical lines)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">/</code> (slash)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\backslash</code>
	(backslash)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\langle</code> (left
	angle bracket)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\rangle</code> (right
	angle bracket)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\uparrow</code>
	(uparrow)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\downarrow</code> (down
	arrow)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\updownarrow</code>
	(up/down arrow)</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp8345328" name="idp8345328"></a>Making
	Delimiters the Right Size</h5>
	<p>Delimiters in formulas should be big enough to <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>fit</em></span> around the formulas they delimit
	(for example arround arrays). To obtain <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>stretchable</em></span> delimiters (LaTeX makes them
	the appropriate size) type a <code class="literal">\left</code> or
	<code class="literal">\right</code> command before the delimiter.
	<code class="literal">\left</code> and <code class=
	"literal">\right</code> commands must come in matching pairs,
	although the delimiters themselves need not be the same. Thus,
	<code class="literal">\left \{ ... \right \[</code> produces a
	legal pair. In cases where only one delimiter is desired, it is
	possible to make the matching delimiter <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>invisible</em></span> by typing a period
	(<code class="literal">.</code>) after the command, i.e.,
	<code class="literal">\left.</code> or <code class=
	"literal">\right.</code></p>
	<p>In an <a class="link" href="#env-eqnarray" title=
	"2.3.6. eqnarray">eqnarray</a> environment the matching
	<code class="literal">\left</code> and <code class=
	"literal">\right</code> cannot be split between lines and it may be
	necessary to use an <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>invisible</em></span> <code class=
	"literal">\right.</code> and <code class="literal">\left.</code> to
	terminate and begin parts on different lines. In this case a second
	problem may arise, since the size of the delimiters will be chosen
	only for the <span class="emphasis"><em>local part</em></span>, so
	that the size of the <span class="emphasis"><em>visible</em></span>
	<span class="emphasis"><em>left</em></span> and <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>right</em></span> delimiters might not match. The
	solution is to trick LaTeX into thinking that both parts have the
	same vertical height. This can be done by placing a strut, that is
	a zero-width <code class="literal">\rule</code>. It can also be
	accomplished with the <code class="literal">\vphantom</code>
	command, which I have not found documented, but which appears to
	work.</p>
	<p><code class="literal">\vphantom{construct}</code> creates a
	zero-width object with the height of <code class=
	"literal">construct</code>. The argument can contain things such as
	<code class="literal">\frac</code> or the <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>variable size math symbols</em></span> and should be
	chosen according to what is in the section with the delimiter you
	want to match.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp8366256" name="idp8366256"></a>Some
	Examples</h5>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp8366944" name="idp8366944"></a>A six-j
	symbol</h5>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\[ \left\{
	\begin{array}{ccc}
	a & b & c \\
	d & e & f \end{array}
	\right>\} \]
	</pre>
	<p>This should be displayed something like (insofar as it can be
	rendered in "ascii art"):</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	( a b c )
	- -
	( d e f )
	</pre>
	<p>Note that the <code class="literal">\[ ... \]</code> set this
	off as <span class="emphasis"><em>Display Math</em></span>, and
	that the <span class="emphasis"><em>Array Environment</em></span>
	is used to generate the three centered columns inside the
	braces.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp8371424" name="idp8371424"></a>A
	"multiple choice" equation</h5>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\[ f(x) =
	\left\{ \begin{array}{l}
	0, x < 0 \\ 1, x = 0 \\
	2, x > 0 \end{array} \right. \]
	</pre>
	<p>will be displayed as</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	( 0, x < 0
	f(x) = - 1, x = 0
	( 2, x > 0
	</pre>
	<p>Note that the <span class="emphasis"><em>invisible</em></span>
	<code class="literal">\right</code> delimiter is specified using a
	<span class="emphasis"><em>period</em></span>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="ellipsis-title" name=
	"ellipsis-title"></a>Ellipsis</h5>
	<a id="idp8377040" class="indexterm" name="idp8377040"></a>
	<p>Ellipses (three dots) can be produced by the following
	commands</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\ldots</code>
	horizontally at bottom of line</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\cdots</code>
	horizontally center of line (math mode only)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\ddots</code> diagonal
	(math mode only)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\vdots</code> vertical
	(math mode only)</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="greek-letters-title" name=
	"greek-letters-title"></a>Greek Letters</h5>
	<a id="idp8385840" class="indexterm" name="idp8385840"></a>
	<p>These commands may be used only in math mode:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\alpha</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\beta</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\gamma</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\delta</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\epsilon</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\varepsilon</code>
	(variation, script-like)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\zeta</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\eta</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\theta</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\vartheta</code>
	(variation, script-like)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\iota</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\kappa</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\lambda</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\mu</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\nu</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\xi</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\pi</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\varpi</code>
	(variation)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\rho</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\varrho</code>
	(variation, with the tail)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\sigma</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\varsigma</code>
	(variation, script-like)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\tau</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\upsilon</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\phi</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\varphi</code>
	(variation, script-like)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\chi</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\psi</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\omega</code></li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>Capital letters:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\Gamma</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\Delta</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\Theta</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\Lambda</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\Xi</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\Pi</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\Sigma</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\Upsilon</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\Phi</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\Psi</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">\Omega</code></li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>See also:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><a class="link" href="#math-symbols-title"
	title="2.3.13. Math Symbols">Math Symbols</a></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a class="link" href="#accents-on-chars-title"
	title="2.3.19. Accents on Characters">Accents</a></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a class="link" href="#misc-symbols-title"
	title="2.3.19. Miscellaneous Symbols">Miscellaneous
	Symbols</a></li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="misc-symbols-title" name=
	"misc-symbols-title"></a>Miscellaneous Symbols</h5>
	<a id="idp8444672" class="indexterm" name="idp8444672"></a>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp8446160" name="idp8446160"></a>Some
	symbols for math</h5>
	<p>The following symbols are also used only in math mode</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-aleph" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-aleph"></a><code class="literal">\aleph</code>
	Hebrew aleph</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-hbar" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-hbar"></a><code class="literal">\hbar</code>
	h-bar, Planck's constant</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-imath" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-imath"></a><code class="literal">\imath</code>
	variation on <span class="emphasis"><em>i</em></span>; no dot</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-jmath" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-jmath"></a><code class="literal">\jmath</code>
	variation on <span class="emphasis"><em>j</em></span>; no dot</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-ell" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-ell"></a><code class="literal">\ell</code> script
	(loop) <span class="emphasis"><em>l</em></span></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-wp" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-wp"></a><code class="literal">\wp</code> fancy
	script lowercase <span class="emphasis"><em>P</em></span></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-re" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-re"></a><code class="literal">\Re</code> script
	capital <span class="emphasis"><em>R</em></span> (<span class=
	"emphasis"><em>Real</em></span>)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-im" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-im"></a><code class="literal">\Im</code> script
	capital <span class="emphasis"><em>I</em></span> (<span class=
	"emphasis"><em>Imaginary</em></span>)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-prime" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-prime"></a><code class="literal">\prime</code>
	prime (also obtained by typing <code class="literal">'</code>)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-nabla" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-nabla"></a><code class="literal">\nabla</code>
	inverted capital Delta</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-surd" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-surd"></a><code class="literal">\surd</code>
	radical (square root) symbol</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-angle" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-angle"></a><code class="literal">\angle</code>
	angle symbol</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-forall" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-forall"></a><code class="literal">\forall</code>
	<span class="emphasis"><em>for all</em></span> (inverted A)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-exists" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-exists"></a><code class="literal">\exists</code>
	<span class="emphasis"><em>exists</em></span> (left-facing E)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-partial" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-partial"></a><code class="literal">\partial</code>
	partial derivative symbol</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-infty" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-infty"></a><code class="literal">\infty</code>
	infinity symbol</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-triangle" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-triangle"></a><code class=
	"literal">\triangle</code> open triangle symbol</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-box" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-box"></a><code class="literal">\Box</code> open
	square</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-diamond" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-diamond"></a><code class="literal">\Diamond</code>
	open diamond</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-flat" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-flat"></a><code class="literal">\flat</code>
	music: flat symbol</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-natural" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-natural"></a><code class="literal">\natural</code>
	music: natural symbol</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-clubsuit" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-clubsuit"></a><code class=
	"literal">\clubsuit</code> playing cards: club suit symbol</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-diamondsuit" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-diamondsuit"></a><code class=
	"literal">\diamondsuit</code> playing cards: diamond suit
	symbol</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-heartsuit" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-heartsuit"></a><code class=
	"literal">\heartsuit</code> playing cards: heart suit symbol</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-misc-symbol-spadsuit" name=
	"cmd-misc-symbol-spadsuit"></a><code class=
	"literal">\spadesuit</code> playing cards: space suit symbol</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp8498480" name="idp8498480"></a>Some
	Other Symbols</h5>
	<p>The following symbols can be used in any mode:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-other-symbol-dag" name=
	"cmd-other-symbol-dag"></a><code class="literal">\dag</code>
	dagger</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-other-symbol-ddag" name=
	"cmd-other-symbol-ddag"></a>><code class="literal">\ddag</code>
	double dagger</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-other-symbol-s" name=
	"cmd-other-symbol-s"></a>><code class="literal">\S</code>
	section symbol</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-other-symbol-p" name=
	"cmd-other-symbol-p"></a>><code class="literal">\P</code>
	paragraph symbol</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-other-symbol-copyright" name=
	"cmd-other-symbol-copyright"></a>><code class=
	"literal">\copyright</code> copyright symbol</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-other-symbol-pounds" name=
	"cmd-other-symbol-pounds"></a>><code class=
	"literal">\pounds</code> British pound sterling symbol</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp8511904" name=
	"idp8511904"></a>Calligraphic Style Letters</h5>
	<p>Twenty-six calligraphic letters are provided (the upper case
	alphabet). These can only be used in math mode.</p>
	<p>In LaTeX 2.09 they are produced with the <code class=
	"literal">\cal</code> declaration:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	${\cal A}$
	</pre>
	<p>In LaTeX2e they are obtained with the <code class=
	"literal">\mathcal</code> command:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	$\mathcal{CAL}$
	</pre>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="math-functions-title" name=
	"math-functions-title"></a>Math Functions</h5>
	<a id="idp8518432" class="indexterm" name="idp8518432"></a>
	<p>Functions like <span class="emphasis"><em>log</em></span> or
	<span class="emphasis"><em>cos</em></span> are normally used in
	math mode. However, inmath mode strings of letters are treated as a
	product of variables, which would normally be displayed in math
	italics rather than a text font which would be appropriate for
	these functions. To get proper display of such functions they are
	generated with LaTeX commands.</p>
	<p>Some of these commands are:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-arccos" name=
	"cmd-math-func-arccos"></a><code class=
	"literal">\arccos</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-arcsin" name=
	"cmd-math-func-arcsin"></a><code class=
	"literal">\arcsin</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-arctan" name=
	"cmd-math-func-arctan"></a><code class=
	"literal">\arctan</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-cos" name=
	"cmd-math-func-cos"></a><code class="literal">\cos</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-cosh" name=
	"cmd-math-func-cosh"></a><code class="literal">\cosh</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-cot" name=
	"cmd-math-func-cot"></a><code class="literal">\cot</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-coth" name=
	"cmd-math-func-coth"></a><code class="literal">\coth</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-csc" name=
	"cmd-math-func-csc"></a><code class="literal">\csc</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-deg" name=
	"cmd-math-func-deg"></a><code class="literal">\deg</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-det" name=
	"cmd-math-func-det"></a><code class="literal">\det</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-dim" name=
	"cmd-math-func-dim"></a><code class="literal">\dim</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-exp" name=
	"cmd-math-func-exp"></a><code class="literal">\exp</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-gcd" name=
	"cmd-math-func-gcd"></a><code class="literal">\gcd</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-hom" name=
	"cmd-math-func-hom"></a><code class="literal">\hom</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-inf" name=
	"cmd-math-func-inf"></a><code class="literal">\inf</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-ker" name=
	"cmd-math-func-ker"></a><code class="literal">\ker</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-lg" name=
	"cmd-math-func-lg"></a><code class="literal">\lg</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-lim" name=
	"cmd-math-func-lim"></a><code class="literal">\lim</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-liminf" name=
	"cmd-math-func-liminf"></a><code class=
	"literal">\liminf</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-limsup" name=
	"cmd-math-func-limsup"></a><code class=
	"literal">\limsup</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-ln" name=
	"cmd-math-func-ln"></a><code class="literal">\ln</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-log" name=
	"cmd-math-func-log"></a><code class="literal">\log</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-max" name=
	"cmd-math-func-max"></a><code class="literal">\max</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-min" name=
	"cmd-math-func-min"></a><code class="literal">\min</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-sec" name=
	"cmd-math-func-sec"></a><code class="literal">\sec</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-sin" name=
	"cmd-math-func-sin"></a><code class="literal">\sin</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-sinh" name=
	"cmd-math-func-sinh"></a><code class="literal">\sinh</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-sup" name=
	"cmd-math-func-sup"></a><code class="literal">\sup</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-tan" name=
	"cmd-math-func-tan"></a><code class="literal">\tan</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-tanh" name=
	"cmd-math-func-tanh"></a><code class="literal">\tanh</code></li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>Two commands are provided for the "modulus" function</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-bmod" name=
	"cmd-math-func-bmod"></a><code class="literal">\bmod</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-func-pmod" name=
	"cmd-math-func-pmod"></a><code class="literal">\pmod{}</code></li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>The former would be used to write "a mod b" as <code class=
	"literal">a \bmod b</code> and the latter, which requires an
	argument that is displayed in parentheses, would be used to write
	"n = i (mod j)" as <code class="literal">n = i \pmod{j}</code></p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="variable-math-size-symbols-title" name=
	"variable-math-size-symbols-title"></a>Variable Size Math
	Symbols</h5>
	<a id="idp8579440" class="indexterm" name="idp8579440"></a>
	<p>The size of some mathematical symbols, notably summation signs,
	product signs, and integral signs, depends on the environment in
	which they appear (i.e., <code class="literal">displaymath</code>
	as opposed to <code class="literal">math</code> environments.</p>
	<p>These include:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-symbol-sum" name=
	"cmd-math-symbol-sum"></a><code class="literal">\sum</code> a
	summation sign (capital sigma)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-symbol-prod" name=
	"cmd-math-symbol-prod"></a><code class="literal">\prod</code> a
	product (capital pi)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-symbol-coprod" name=
	"cmd-math-symbol-coprod"></a><code class="literal">\coprod</code> a
	coproduct (inverted capital pi)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-symbol-int" name=
	"cmd-math-symbol-int"></a><code class="literal">\int</code> an
	integral sign</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-symbol-oint" name=
	"cmd-math-symbol-oint"></a><code class="literal">\oint</code> a
	surface (circular) integral sign</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-symbol-bigcup" name=
	"cmd-math-symbol-bigcup"></a><code class="literal">\bigcup</code>
	big "U"</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-symbol-bigcap" name=
	"cmd-math-symbol-bigcap"></a><code class="literal">\bigcap</code>
	big inverted "U"</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-symbol-bigvee" name=
	"cmd-math-symbol-bigvee"></a><code class="literal">\bigvee</code>
	big "V"</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-symbol-bigwedge" name=
	"cmd-math-symbol-bigwedge"></a><code class=
	"literal">\bigwedge</code> big inverted "V"</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-symbol-bigodot" name=
	"cmd-math-symbol-bigodot"></a><code class="literal">\bigodot</code>
	big "O" with dot at center</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-symbol-bigotimes" name=
	"cmd-math-symbol-bigotimes"></a><code class=
	"literal">\bigotimes</code> big "O" with cross inside</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-symbol-bigoplus" name=
	"cmd-math-symbol-bigoplus"></a><code class=
	"literal">\bigoplus</code> big "O" with a + inside</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a id="cmd-math-symbol-biguplus" name=
	"cmd-math-symbol-biguplus"></a><code class=
	"literal">\biguplus</code> big "U" with a + inside</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\sqrt</code> command also produces a
	variable size symbol appropriate for the size of hte radicand
	argument.</p>
	<p>The "limits" associated with these symbols are entered as
	<span class="emphasis"><em>subscripts</em></span> for entries
	appearing below the symbol and as <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>superscripts</em></span> for entries appearing above
	the symbol. For example the sum from n=0 to infinity of
	x<sup>n</sup> would be entered as</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} x_{n}
	</pre>
	<p>The actual placement of the limits depends on whether this is in
	<code class="literal">displaymath</code> mode in which case they
	are placed below/above or in <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>math</em></span> mode in running text in which case
	they are placed as regular subscripts and superscripts.</p>
	<p>Note that it is possible to treat several of these symbols (a
	common example would be a double sum) as a single symbol for
	placing limits above and/or below by using the <code class=
	"literal">\mathop</code> command.</p>
	<p><span class="emphasis"><em>Hats</em></span> and <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>tildes</em></span> over symbols which stretch (as
	best they can) to the correct size for their arguments are produced
	by <code class="literal">\widehat</code> and <code class=
	"literal">\widetilde</code></p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.20 Splitting the Input">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="splitting-the-input" name=
	"splitting-the-input"></a>2.3.20 Splitting the Input</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp8618352" class="indexterm" name="idp8618352"></a><a id=
	"idp8619136" class="indexterm" name="idp8619136"></a>
	<p>A large document requires a lot of input. Rather than putting
	the whole input in a single large file, it's more efficient to
	split it into several smaller ones. Regardless of how many separate
	files you use, there is one that is the root file; it is the one
	whose name you type when you run LaTeX.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-include-title" name=
	"cmd-include-title"></a>\include</h5>
	<a id="idp8622240" class="indexterm" name="idp8622240"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\include{file}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\include</code> command is used in
	conjunction with the <code class="literal">\includeonly</code>
	command for selective inclusion of files. The <code class=
	"literal">file</code> argument is the first name of a file,
	denoting <code class="filename">file.tex</code>. If <code class=
	"literal">file</code> is one the file names in the file list of the
	<code class="literal">\includeonly</code> command or if there is no
	<code class="literal">\includeonly</code> command, the <code class=
	"literal">\include</code> command is equivalent to</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\clearpage \input{file} \clearpage
	</pre>
	<p>except that if the file <code class="filename">file.tex</code>
	does not exist, then a warning message rather than an error is
	produced. If the file is not in the file list, the <code class=
	"literal">\include</code> command is equivalent to <code class=
	"literal">\clearpage</code>.</p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\include</code> command may not appear
	in the preamble or in a file read by another <code class=
	"literal">\include</code> command.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-includeonly-title" name=
	"cmd-includeonly-title"></a>\includeonly</h5>
	<a id="idp8636864" class="indexterm" name="idp8636864"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\includeonly{</code><span class=
	"emphasis"><em>file_list</em></span><code class=
	"literal">}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\includeonly</code> command controls
	which files will be read in by an <code class=
	"literal">\include</code> command. <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>file_list</em></span> should be a comma-separated
	list of filenames. Each filename must match exactly a filename
	specified in a <code class="literal">\include</code> command. This
	command can only appear in the preamble.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-input-title" name=
	"cmd-input-title"></a>\input</h5>
	<a id="idp8643840" class="indexterm" name="idp8643840"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\input{file}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\input</code> command causes the
	indicated <code class="literal">file</code> to be read and
	processed, exactly as if its contents had been inserted in the
	current file at that point. The file name may be a complete file
	name with extension or just a first name, in which case the file
	<code class="filename">file.tex</code> is used.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.21 Starting & Ending">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="starting-and-ending" name=
	"starting-and-ending"></a>2.3.21 Starting & Ending</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp8650144" class="indexterm" name="idp8650144"></a><a id=
	"idp8650960" class="indexterm" name="idp8650960"></a>
	<p>Your input file must contain the following commands as a
	minimum:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\documentclass{class}
	\begin{document}
	... your text goes here ...
	\end{document}
	</pre>
	<p>where the <code class="literal">class</code> selected is one of
	the valid classes for LaTeX. See <a class="link" href=
	"#document-classes" title="2.3.4 Document Classes">Document
	Classes</a> (and see <a class="link" href="#overview" title=
	"2.2 Overview of LaTeX and Local Guide">Overview</a>), for details
	of the various document classes available locally.</p>
	<p>You may include other LaTeX commands between the <code class=
	"literal">\documentclass</code> and the <code class=
	"literal">\begin{document}</code> commands (i.e., in the
	`preamble').</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.22 Table of Contents">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="table-of-contents" name=
	"table-of-contents"></a>2.3.22 Table of Contents</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp8660416" class="indexterm" name="idp8660416"></a>
	<p>A table of contents is produced with the <code class=
	"literal">\tableofcontents</code> <a id="idp8662256" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8662256"></a> command. You put the command
	right where you want the table of contents to go; LaTeX does the
	rest for you. It produces a heading, but it does not automatically
	start a new page. If you want a new page after the table of
	contents, include a <code class="literal">\newpage</code> command
	after the <code class="literal">\tableofcontents</code>
	command.</p>
	<p>There are similar commands <code class=
	"literal">\listoffigures</code> <a id="idp8666416" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8666416"></a> and <code class=
	"literal">\listoftables</code> <a id="idp8667952" class="indexterm"
	name="idp8667952"></a> for producing a list of figures and a list
	of tables, respectively. Everything works exactly the same as for
	the table of contents.</p>
	<p>NOTE: If you want any of these items to be generated, you cannot
	have the <code class="literal">\nofiles</code> <a id="idp8670096"
	class="indexterm" name="idp8670096"></a> command in your
	document.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-addcontentsline-title" name=
	"cmd-addcontentsline-title"></a>\addcontentsline</h5>
	<a id="idp8672336" class="indexterm" name="idp8672336"></a>
	<p><code class=
	"literal">\addcontentsline{file}{sec_unit}{entry}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\addcontentsline</code> command adds
	an entry to the specified list or table where:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">file</code> is the
	extension of the file on which information is to be written:
	<code class="literal">toc</code> (table of contents), <code class=
	"literal">lof</code> (list of figures), or <code class=
	"literal">lot</code> (list of tables).</li>
	<li class="listitem">
	<p class="simpara"><code class="literal">sec_unit</code> controls
	the formatting of the entry. It should be one of the following,
	depending upon the value of the file argument:</p>
	<div class="orderedlist">
	<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">toc</code> --- the name
	of the sectional unit, such as part or subsection.</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">lof</code> ---
	figure</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">lot</code> ---
	table</li>
	</ol>
	</div>
	</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">entry</code> is the text
	of the entry.</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-addtocontents-title" name=
	"cmd-addtocontents-title"></a>\addtocontents</h5>
	<a id="idp8687536" class="indexterm" name="idp8687536"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\addtocontents{file}{text}</code></p>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\addtocontents</code> command adds
	text (or formatting commands) directly to the file that generates
	the table of contents or list of figures or tables.</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">file</code> is the
	extension of the file on which information is to be written:
	<code class="literal">toc</code> (table of contents), <code class=
	"literal">lof</code> (list of figures), or <code class=
	"literal">lot</code> (list of tables).</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">text</code> is the
	information to be written.</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.23 Terminal Input/Output">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="terminal-input-slash-output" name=
	"terminal-input-slash-output"></a>2.3.23 Terminal Input/Output</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp8697776" class="indexterm" name="idp8697776"></a><a id=
	"idp8698592" class="indexterm" name="idp8698592"></a>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-typein-title" name=
	"cmd-typein-title"></a>\typein</h5>
	<a id="idp8700464" class="indexterm" name="idp8700464"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\typein[cmd]{msg}</code></p>
	<p>Prints <code class="literal">msg</code> on the terminal and
	causes LaTeX to stop and wait for you to type a line of input,
	ending with return. If the <code class="literal">cmd</code>
	argument is missing, the typed input is processed as if it had been
	included in the input file in place of the <code class=
	"literal">\typein</code> command. If the <code class=
	"literal">cmd</code> argument is present, it must be a command
	name. This command name is then defined or redefined to be the
	typed input.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="cmd-typeout-title" name=
	"cmd-typeout-title"></a>\typeout</h5>
	<a id="idp8707360" class="indexterm" name="idp8707360"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\typeout{msg}</code></p>
	<p>Prints <code class="literal">msg</code> on the terminal and in
	the <code class="literal">log</code> file. Commands in <code class=
	"literal">msg</code> that are defined with <code class=
	"literal">\newcommand</code> or <code class=
	"literal">\renewcommand</code> are replaced by their definitions
	before being printed.</p>
	<p>LaTeX's usual rules for treating multiple spaces as a single
	space and ignoring spaces after a command name apply to
	<code class="literal">msg</code>. A <code class=
	"literal">\space</code> command in <code class="literal">msg</code>
	causes a single space to be printed. A <code class=
	"literal">^^J</code> in <code class="literal">msg</code> prints a
	newline.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.3.24 Typefaces">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="typefaces" name="typefaces"></a>2.3.24
	Typefaces</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp8719168" class="indexterm" name="idp8719168"></a><a id=
	"idp8719984" class="indexterm" name="idp8719984"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">typeface</code> is specified by giving
	the <span class="emphasis"><em>size</em></span> and <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>style</em></span>. A typeface is also called a
	<span class="emphasis"><em>font</em></span>.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="styles-title" name=
	"styles-title"></a>\Styles</h5>
	<a id="idp8724480" class="indexterm" name="idp8724480"></a><a id=
	"idp8725296" class="indexterm" name="idp8725296"></a><a id=
	"idp8726112" class="indexterm" name="idp8726112"></a>
	<p>The following type style commands are supported by LaTeX.</p>
	<p>These commands are used like <code class=
	"literal">\textit{italics text}</code>. The corresponding command
	in parenthesis is the <span class="emphasis"><em>declaration
	form</em></span>, which takes no arguments. The scope of the
	declaration form lasts until the next type style command or the end
	of the current group.</p>
	<p>The declaration forms are cumulative; i.e., you can say
	<code class="literal">\sffamily\bfseries</code> to get sans serif
	boldface.</p>
	<p>You can also use the environment form of the declaration forms;
	e.g. <code class=
	"literal">\begin{ttfamily}...\end{ttfamily}</code>.</p>
	<div class="table"><a id="table-typefaces" name=
	"table-typefaces"></a>
	<p class="title">
	<strong>Table 1.9. Typefaces</strong></p>
	<div class="table-contents">
	<table summary="Typefaces" border="0">
	<colgroup>
	<col align="left" />
	<col align="justify" /></colgroup>
	<tbody>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\textrm (\rmfamily) <a id="idp8736432" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8736432"></a> <a id="idp8737248" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8737248"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Roman.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\textit (\itshape) <a id="idp8739408" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8739408"></a> <a id="idp8740224" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8740224"></a>, \emph <a id="idp8741072" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8741072"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Emphasis (toggles between \textit and
	\textrm).</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\textmd (\mdseries) <a id="idp8743264" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8743264"></a> <a id="idp8744080" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8744080"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Medium weight (default). The opposite of
	boldface.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\textbf (\bfseries) <a id="idp8746288" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8746288"></a> <a id="idp8747104" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8747104"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Boldface.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\textup (\upshape) <a id="idp8749264" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8749264"></a> <a id="idp8750080" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8750080"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Upright (default). The opposite of
	slanted.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\textsl (\slshape) <a id="idp8752272" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8752272"></a> <a id="idp8753088" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8753088"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Slanted.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\textsf (\sffamily) <a id="idp8755248" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8755248"></a> <a id="idp8756064" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8756064"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Sans serif.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\textsc (\scshape) <a id="idp8758224" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8758224"></a> <a id="idp8759040" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8759040"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Small caps.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\texttt (\ttfamily) <a id="idp8761200" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8761200"></a> <a id="idp8762016" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8762016"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Typewriter.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\textnormal (\normalfont) <a id="idp8764176"
	class="indexterm" name="idp8764176"></a> <a id="idp8764992" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8764992"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Main document font.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\mathrm <a id="idp8767152" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8767152"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Roman, for use in math mode.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\mathbf <a id="idp8769312" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8769312"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Boldface, for use in math mode. For bold
	symbols or complete equations take a look at <a class="link" href=
	"#boldsymbol-linkend"><code class="literal">\boldsymbol</code></a>
	and <a class="link" href="#cmd-bm"><code class=
	"literal">\bm</code></a>.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\mathsf <a id="idp8774144" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8774144"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Sans serif, for use in math mode.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\mathtt <a id="idp8776304" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8776304"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Typewriter, for use in math mode.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\mathit <a id="idp8778464" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8778464"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Italics, for use in math mode, e.g. variable
	names with several letters.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\mathnormal <a id="idp8780672" class="indexterm"
	name="idp8780672"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">For use in math mode, e.g. inside another type
	style declaration.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\mathcal <a id="idp8782880" class="indexterm"
	name="idp8782880"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">`Calligraphic' letters, for use in math
	mode.</td>
	</tr>
	</tbody>
	</table>
	</div>
	</div>
	<br class="table-break" />
	<p>In addition, the command <code class=
	"literal">\mathversion{bold}</code> <a id="idp8785776" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8785776"></a> can be used for switching to
	bold letters and symbols in formulas. <code class=
	"literal">\mathversion{normal}</code> restores the default.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="sizes-title" name=
	"sizes-title"></a>Sizes</h5>
	<a id="idp8788656" class="indexterm" name="idp8788656"></a><a id=
	"idp8789472" class="indexterm" name="idp8789472"></a><a id=
	"idp8790288" class="indexterm" name="idp8790288"></a>
	<p>The following standard type size commands are supported by
	LaTeX.</p>
	<p>The commands as listed here are "declaration forms". The scope
	of the declaration form lasts until the next type style command or
	the end of the current group.</p>
	<p>You can also use the environment form of these commands; e.g.
	<code class="literal">\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}</code>.</p>
	<div class="table"><a id="table-standard-type-size-commands" name=
	"table-standard-type-size-commands"></a>
	<p class="title"><strong>Table 1.10. Standard type size
	commands</strong></p>
	<div class="table-contents">
	<table summary="Standard type size commands" border="0">
	<colgroup>
	<col align="left" />
	<col align="justify" /></colgroup>
	<tbody>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\tiny<a id="idp8798272" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8798272"></a></td>
	<td align="justify"></td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\scriptsize <a id="idp8800768" class="indexterm"
	name="idp8800768"></a></td>
	<td align="justify"></td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\footnotesize <a id="idp8803008" class="indexterm"
	name="idp8803008"></a></td>
	<td align="justify"></td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\small <a id="idp8805248" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8805248"></a></td>
	<td align="justify"></td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\normalsize <a id="idp8807488" class="indexterm"
	name="idp8807488"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">(default)</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\large <a id="idp8809760" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8809760"></a></td>
	<td align="justify"></td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\Large <a id="idp8812000" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8812000"></a></td>
	<td align="justify"></td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\LARGE <a id="idp8814240" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8814240"></a></td>
	<td align="justify"></td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\huge <a id="idp8816480" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8816480"></a></td>
	<td align="justify"></td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\Huge <a id="idp8818720" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8818720"></a></td>
	<td align="justify"> </td>
	</tr>
	</tbody>
	</table>
	</div>
	</div>
	<br class="table-break" />
	<h5 class="title"><a id="low-dash-level-font-commands-title" name=
	"low-dash-level-font-commands-title"></a>Low-level font
	commands</h5>
	<a id="idp8821680" class="indexterm" name="idp8821680"></a><a id=
	"idp8822496" class="indexterm" name="idp8822496"></a>
	<p>These commands are primarily intended for writers of macros and
	packages. The commands listed here are only a subset of the
	available ones. For full details, you should consult Chapter 7 of
	<em class="citetitle">The LaTeX Companion</em>.</p>
	<div class="table"><a id="table-low-level-font-commands" name=
	"table-low-level-font-commands"></a>
	<p class="title"><strong>Table 1.11. Low-level font
	commands</strong></p>
	<div class="table-contents">
	<table summary="Low-level font commands" border="0">
	<colgroup>
	<col align="left" />
	<col align="justify" /></colgroup>
	<tbody>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\fontencoding{enc} <a id="idp8829152" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8829152"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Select font encoding. Valid encodings include
	<code class="literal">OT1</code> and <code class=
	"literal">T1</code>.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\fontfamily{family} <a id="idp8832816" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8832816"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Select font family. Valid families include:
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">cmr</code> for Computer
	Modern Roman</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">cmss</code> for Computer
	Modern Sans Serif</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">cmtt</code> for Computer
	Modern Typewriter</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	and numerous others.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\fontseries{series} <a id="idp8839504" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8839504"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Select font series. Valid series include:
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">m</code> Medium
	(normal)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">b</code> Bold</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">c</code> Condensed</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">bc</code> Bold
	condensed</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">bx</code> Bold
	extended</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	and various other combinations.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\fontshape{shape} <a id="idp8848528" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8848528"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Select font shape. Valid shapes are:
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">n</code> Upright
	(normal)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">it</code> Italic</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">sl</code> Slanted
	(oblique)</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">sc</code> Small
	caps</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">ui</code> Upright
	italics</li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">ol</code> Outline</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	The two last shapes are not available for most font families.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\fontsize{size}{skip} <a id="idp8858864" class=
	"indexterm" name="idp8858864"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Set font size. The first parameter is the font
	size to switch to; the second is the <code class=
	"literal">\baselineskip</code> to use. The unit of both parameters
	defaults to pt. A rule of thumb is that the baselineskip should be
	1.2 times the font size.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\selectfont <a id="idp8861936" class="indexterm"
	name="idp8861936"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">The changes made by calling the four font
	commands described above do not come into effect until <code class=
	"literal">\selectfont</code> is called.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">\usefont{enc}{family}{series}{shape} <a id=
	"idp8864928" class="indexterm" name="idp8864928"></a></td>
	<td align="justify">Equivalent to calling <code class=
	"literal">\fontencoding</code>, <code class=
	"literal">\fontfamily</code>, <code class=
	"literal">\fontseries</code> and <code class=
	"literal">\fontshape</code> with the given parameters, followed by
	<code class="literal">\selectfont</code>.</td>
	</tr>
	</tbody>
	</table>
	</div>
	</div>
	<br class="table-break" /></div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.4 Parameters">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="parameters" name="parameters"></a>2.4
	Parameters</h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp8872224" class="indexterm" name="idp8872224"></a>
	<p>The input file specification indicates the file to be formatted;
	TeX uses <code class="filename">.tex</code> as a default file
	extension. If you omit the input file entirely, TeX accepts input
	from the terminal. You specify command options by supplying a
	string as a parameter to the command; e.g.</p>
	<p><code class="literal">latex \scrollmode\input foo.tex</code></p>
	<p>will process <code class="filename">foo.tex</code> without
	pausing after every error.</p>
	<p>Output files are always created in the current directory. When
	you fail to specify an input file name, TeX bases the output names
	on the file specification associated with the logical name
	TEX_OUTPUT, typically <code class="literal">texput.log</code>.</p>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3 LaTeX Packages">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="latex-packages" name=
	"latex-packages"></a>3 LaTeX Packages</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp8881376" class="indexterm" name="idp8881376"></a>
	<div class="section" title="3.1 amsmath">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="amsmath" name="amsmath"></a>3.1
	<code class="filename">amsmath</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp8884448" class="indexterm" name="idp8884448"></a><a id=
	"idp8885264" class="indexterm" name="idp8885264"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">amsmath</code> consists of several
	packages to aid in typesetting math.</p>
	<div class="variablelist"><a id="boldsymbol-linkend" name=
	"boldsymbol-linkend"></a>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\boldsymbol</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp8889984" class="indexterm" name="idp8889984"></a>
	<p>Produces a bold math symbol. When not only a single symbol, but
	a complete equation has to be bold you might consider using the
	superior <a class="link" href="#cmd-bm"><code class=
	"literal">\bm</code></a> command which takes better care of
	spacing.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><a id="pmb-linkend" name="pmb-linkend"></a><span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\pmb</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp8894896" class="indexterm" name="idp8894896"></a>
	<p>Can be used for mathematic symbols, when no bold version is
	available. It prints the standard symbol several times slightly
	shifted and is inferior to a real bold font!</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.2 dcolumn">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="dcolumn" name="dcolumn"></a>3.2
	<code class="filename">dcolumn</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp8899488" class="indexterm" name="idp8899488"></a><a id=
	"idp8900304" class="indexterm" name="idp8900304"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\usepackage{dcolumn}</code></p>
	<p>Defines a system for defining columns of entries in an
	<code class="literal">array</code> or <code class=
	"literal">tabular</code> which are to be aligned on a <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>decimal point</em></span>.</p>
	<p>This package defines <code class="literal">D</code> to be a
	column specifier with three arguments:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	D{sep.tex}{sep.dvi}{decimal places}
	</pre>
	<p><code class="literal">sep.tex</code> should be a single
	character, this is used as the separator in the <code class=
	"literal">.tex</code> file. It will usually be '<code class=
	"literal">.</code>' or '<code class="literal">,</code>'.</p>
	<p><code class="literal">sep.dvi</code> is used as the separator in
	the output.</p>
	<p><code class="literal">decimal places</code> should be the
	maximum number of decimal places in the column.</p>
	<p><code class="literal">\newcolumntype</code> can be used to
	define own column types.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.3 float">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="float" name="float"></a>3.3 <code class=
	"filename">float</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp8915328" class="indexterm" name="idp8915328"></a>
	<div class="note" title="Note" style=
	"margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
	<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
	<p>The contents of this section was taken from the documentation of
	<code class="filename">float</code> v1.3d of 2001/11/08.</p>
	</div>
	<p><span class="quote">“<span class="quote">This style option
	improves the interface for defining objects such as figures and
	tabels in LaTeX. It adds the notion of a <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>float style</em></span> that governs the appearance
	of floats.</span>”</span></p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\newfloat{<placement>}{<ext>}[<within>]</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp8921072" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8921072"></a><a id="idp8921888" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8921888"></a>
	<p>Add a new class of floats.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\floatstyle{<style>}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp8925456" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8925456"></a><a id="idp8926272" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8926272"></a>
	<p>Sets a default float style.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\floatname{<style>}{<name>}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp8929808" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8929808"></a><a id="idp8930624" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8930624"></a>
	<p>Define the <span class="emphasis"><em>float name</em></span>
	used in the caption of a float.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\floatplacement{<>}{<placement>}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp8934608" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8934608"></a><a id="idp8935424" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8935424"></a>
	<p>Resets the default placement specifier of a class of floats.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\restylefloat<style></code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp8938976" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8938976"></a><a id="idp8939792" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8939792"></a>
	<p>Change styles for the standard float types <code class=
	"literal">figure</code> and <code class="literal">table</code>.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\listof{<type>}{<title>}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp8944768" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8944768"></a><a id="idp8945584" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp8945584"></a>
	<p>Produces a list of all floats of a given class.</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.4 fontenc">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="fontenc" name="fontenc"></a>3.4
	<code class="filename">fontenc</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp8950272" class="indexterm" name="idp8950272"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}</code></p>
	<p>chooses T1-fonts and allows correct automatic hyphenation.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5 german">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="german" name="german"></a>3.5 <code class=
	"filename">german</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp8954880" class="indexterm" name="idp8954880"></a><a id=
	"idp8955696" class="indexterm" name="idp8955696"></a>
	<p>Das <code class="literal">german</code> Paket muß geladen
	sein:</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">"a</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp8960208" class="indexterm" name="idp8960208"></a>
	<p>erzeugt ein <span class="emphasis"><em>ä</em></span></p>
	<p>entsprechend <code class="literal">"o</code>, <code class=
	"literal">"u</code>, <code class="literal">"A</code>, <code class=
	"literal">"O</code>, <code class="literal">"U</code>, <code class=
	"literal">"s (ß)</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">"ck</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp8968464" class="indexterm" name="idp8968464"></a>
	<p>wird bei Trennung zu <code class="literal">k-k</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">"ff</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp8972512" class="indexterm" name="idp8972512"></a>
	<p>wird bei Trennung zu <code class="literal">ff-f</code></p>
	<p>entsprechend <code class="literal">"ll</code>, <code class=
	"literal">"mm</code>, <code class="literal">"pp</code>,
	<code class="literal">"rr</code>, <code class=
	"literal">"tt</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\glqq</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp8980512" class="indexterm" name="idp8980512"></a>
	<p>oder <code class="literal">"`</code> erzeugt untere doppelte
	Anführungszeichen</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><a id="cmd-grqq" name="cmd-grqq"></a><span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\grqq</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp8985248" class="indexterm" name="idp8985248"></a>
	<p>oder <code class="literal">"'</code> erzeugt obere doppelte
	Anführungszeichen</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\glq</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp8989552" class="indexterm" name="idp8989552"></a>
	<p>erzeugt untere einfache Anführungszeichen</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\flqq</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp8993120" class="indexterm" name="idp8993120"></a>
	<p>oder <code class="literal">"<</code> doppelte linke
	französische Anführungszeichen</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\frqq</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp8997424" class="indexterm" name="idp8997424"></a>
	<p>oder <code class="literal">"></code> doppelte rechte
	französische Anführungszeichen</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\flq</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9001728" class="indexterm" name="idp9001728"></a>
	<p>einfache linke französische Anführungszeichen</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\frq</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9005296" class="indexterm" name="idp9005296"></a>
	<p>einfache rechte französische Anführungszeichen</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">"\|</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9008832" class="indexterm" name="idp9008832"></a>
	<p>verhindert eine Ligatur an der Stelle</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">\-</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9012272" class="indexterm" name="idp9012272"></a>
	<p>markiert mögliche Trennstelle, im restlichen Wort ist keine
	Trennung mehr möglich</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">"-</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9015904" class="indexterm" name="idp9015904"></a>
	<p>Trennvorschlag, der Rest des Wortes kann noch automatisch
	getrennt werden</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">""</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9019488" class="indexterm" name="idp9019488"></a>
	<p>Trennvorschlag, bei dem bei einer Trennung kein Bindestrich
	eingefügt wird</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">"~</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9023056" class="indexterm" name="idp9023056"></a>
	<p>Bindestrich, an dem nicht getrennt werden darf</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">"=</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9026512" class="indexterm" name="idp9026512"></a>
	<p>Bindestrich, an dem getrennt werden darf</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">\dq</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9030016" class="indexterm" name="idp9030016"></a>
	<p>erzeugt ein nicht-typographisches gerades
	Anführungszeichen</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\texttt{\dq}
	</pre></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal"><</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9034288" class="indexterm" name="idp9034288"></a>
	<p>oder <code class="literal">\dq</code> ergibt das
	Zoll-Zeichen</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.6 graphics">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="graphics" name="graphics"></a>3.6
	<code class="filename">graphics</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp9039840" class="indexterm" name="idp9039840"></a><a id=
	"idp9040656" class="indexterm" name="idp9040656"></a>
	<p>Look up details in <code class="filename">grfguide</code>.</p>
	<div class="section" title="3.6.1 \includegraphics">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="includegraphics" name=
	"includegraphics"></a>3.6.1 \includegraphics</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp9044768" class="indexterm" name="idp9044768"></a>
	<p><code class=
	"literal">\includegraphics[]{picture-name}</code></p>
	<p>File extensions of the graphics should be omitted, so it's
	easier to change the format (for example for pdf or ps output).</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.6.2 \graphicspath">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="graphicspath" name=
	"graphicspath"></a>3.6.2 \graphicspath</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp9048736" class="indexterm" name="idp9048736"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\graphicspath{dir-list}</code></p>
	<p><code class="literal">dir-list</code> is a list of absolute or
	relative paths, where the command <a class="link" href=
	"#includegraphics" title="3.6.1 \includegraphics"><code class=
	"literal">\includegraphics{}</code></a> searches for the graphic
	files:</p>
	<p><code class="literal">\graphicspath{{eps/}{tiff/}}</code> would
	cause the system to look in the subdirectories <code class=
	"literal">eps</code> and <code class="literal">tiff</code> of the
	current directory. This is unix syntax, on a Mac it would be:</p>
	<p><code class="literal">\graphicspath{{:eps:}{:tiff:}}</code></p>
	<p>Under Windows/DOS use also the slash <code class=
	"literal">/</code> to separate directories. Not all tex
	installations can handle filenames with spaces. So it's better to
	avoid them.</p>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.7 hyperref">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="hyperref" name="hyperref"></a>3.7
	<code class="filename">hyperref</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp9060176" class="indexterm" name="idp9060176"></a><a id=
	"idp9061248" class="indexterm" name="idp9061248"></a>
	<p>For more infos read in the book <span class="emphasis"><em>LaTeX
	Web Companion</em></span> or <span class="emphasis"><em>Mit LaTeX
	ins Web</em></span>.</p>
	<div class="section" title="3.7.1 Options">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="hyperref-options" name=
	"hyperref-options"></a>3.7.1 Options</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term">4</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9067600" class="indexterm" name="idp9067600"></a>
	<p>use Acrobat 4 features (default: <code class=
	"literal">false</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">a4paper, a5paper, b5paper, legalpaper,
	letterpaper, executivepaper</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9071872" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9071872"></a><a id="idp9073776" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9073776"></a><a id="idp9075680" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9075680"></a><a id="idp9077584" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9077584"></a><a id="idp9079488" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9079488"></a><a id="idp9081392" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9081392"></a>
	<p>use the specified paper size.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">anchorcolor</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9084912" class="indexterm" name="idp9084912"></a>
	<p>set color of anchors (default: <code class=
	"literal">black</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">backref</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9089152" class="indexterm" name="idp9089152"></a>
	<p>do bibliographical back references (default: <code class=
	"literal">false</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">baseurl</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9093408" class="indexterm" name="idp9093408"></a>
	<p>set base URL for document (default: <code class=
	"literal">empty</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">bookmarks</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9097664" class="indexterm" name="idp9097664"></a>
	<p>make bookmarks (default: <code class="literal">true</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">bookmarksnumbered</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9101904" class="indexterm" name="idp9101904"></a>
	<p>put section numbers in bookmarks (default: <code class=
	"literal">false</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">bookmarksopen</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9106160" class="indexterm" name="idp9106160"></a>
	<p>open up bookmark tree (default: <code class=
	"literal">false</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">bookmarksopenlevel</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9110448" class="indexterm" name="idp9110448"></a>
	<p>level to which bookmarks are open (default: <code class=
	"literal">\maxdimen</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">bookmarkstype</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9114704" class="indexterm" name="idp9114704"></a>
	<p>to specify which `toc' file to mimic toc.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">breaklinks</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9118240" class="indexterm" name="idp9118240"></a>
	<p>allow links to break over lines (default: <code class=
	"literal">false</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">citebordercolor</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9122496" class="indexterm" name="idp9122496"></a>
	<p>color of border around cites (default: <code class="literal">0 1
	0</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">citecolor</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9126752" class="indexterm" name="idp9126752"></a>
	<p>color of citation links (default: <code class=
	"literal">green</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">colorlinks</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9130992" class="indexterm" name="idp9130992"></a>
	<p>color links (default: <code class="literal">false</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">debug</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9135232" class="indexterm" name="idp9135232"></a>
	<p>provide details of anchors defined (same as verbose, default:
	<code class="literal">false</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">draft</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9139520" class="indexterm" name="idp9139520"></a>
	<p>do not do any hyper linking (default: <code class=
	"literal">false</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">dvipdf, dvipdfm, dvips, dvipsone, dviwindo,
	hypertex,</span> <span class="term">latex2html, pdftex, tex4ht,
	textures, ps2pdf, vtex</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9144256" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9144256"></a><a id="idp9146160" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9146160"></a><a id="idp9148064" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9148064"></a><a id="idp9149968" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9149968"></a><a id="idp9151872" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9151872"></a><a id="idp9153776" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9153776"></a><a id="idp9155680" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9155680"></a><a id="idp9157584" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9157584"></a><a id="idp9159488" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9159488"></a><a id="idp9161392" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9161392"></a><a id="idp9163296" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9163296"></a>
	<p>use the specified backend.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">extension</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9166816" class="indexterm" name="idp9166816"></a>
	<p>suffix of linked files (default: <code class=
	"literal">dvi</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">filebordercolor</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9171072" class="indexterm" name="idp9171072"></a>
	<p>color of border around file links (default: <code class=
	"literal">0 .5 .5</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">filecolor</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9175328" class="indexterm" name="idp9175328"></a>
	<p>color of file links (default: <code class=
	"literal">cyan</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">frenchlinks</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9179568" class="indexterm" name="idp9179568"></a>
	<p>use small caps instead of color for links (default: <code class=
	"literal">false</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">hyperfigures</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9183840" class="indexterm" name="idp9183840"></a>
	<p>make figures hyper links (default: <code class=
	"literal">false</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">hyperindex</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9188096" class="indexterm" name="idp9188096"></a>
	<p>set up hyperlinked indices (default: <code class=
	"literal">true</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">hypertexnames</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9192352" class="indexterm" name="idp9192352"></a>
	<p>use guessable names for links (default: <code class=
	"literal">true</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">implicit</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9196608" class="indexterm" name="idp9196608"></a>
	<p>redefine LaTeX internals (default: <code class=
	"literal">true</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">linkbordercolor</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9201296" class="indexterm" name="idp9201296"></a>
	<p>color of border around links (default: <code class="literal">1 0
	0</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">linkcolor</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9205552" class="indexterm" name="idp9205552"></a>
	<p>color of links (default: <code class="literal">red</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">linktocpage</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9209808" class="indexterm" name="idp9209808"></a>
	<p>make page number, not text, be link on TOC, LOF and LOT
	(default: <code class="literal">false</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">menubordercolor</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9214096" class="indexterm" name="idp9214096"></a>
	<p>color of border around menu links (default: <code class=
	"literal">1 0 0</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">menucolor</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9218352" class="indexterm" name="idp9218352"></a>
	<p>color for menu links (default: <code class=
	"literal">red</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">naturalnames</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9222560" class="indexterm" name="idp9222560"></a>
	<p>use LaTeX-computed names for links (default: <code class=
	"literal">false</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">nesting</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9227264" class="indexterm" name="idp9227264"></a>
	<p>allow nesting of links (default: <code class=
	"literal">false</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pageanchor</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9231504" class="indexterm" name="idp9231504"></a>
	<p>put an anchor on every page (default: <code class=
	"literal">true</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pagebackref</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9235760" class="indexterm" name="idp9235760"></a>
	<p>backreference by page number (default: <code class=
	"literal">false</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pagebordercolor</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9240016" class="indexterm" name="idp9240016"></a>
	<p>color of border around page links (default: <code class=
	"literal">1 1 0</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pagecolor</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9244272" class="indexterm" name="idp9244272"></a>
	<p>color of page links (default: <code class=
	"literal">red</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pdfauthor</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9248480" class="indexterm" name="idp9248480"></a>
	<p>text for PDF Author field (default: empty).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pdfborder</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9252016" class="indexterm" name="idp9252016"></a>
	<p>width of PDF link border (default: <code class="literal">0 0
	1</code>; <code class="literal">0 0 0</code> for <code class=
	"literal">colorlinks</code>)</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pdfcenterwindow</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9257712" class="indexterm" name="idp9257712"></a>
	<p>position the document window center of the screen (default:
	<code class="literal">false</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pdfcreator</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9261984" class="indexterm" name="idp9261984"></a>
	<p>text for PDF Creator field (default: LaTeX with hyperref
	package).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pdffitwindow</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9265984" class="indexterm" name="idp9265984"></a>
	<p>resize document window to fit document size (default:
	<code class="literal">false</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pdfhighlight</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9270256" class="indexterm" name="idp9270256"></a>
	<p>set highlighting of PDF links (default: <code class=
	"literal">/I</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pdfkeywords</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9274480" class="indexterm" name="idp9274480"></a>
	<p>text for PDF Keywords field (default: empty).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pdfmenubar</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9278016" class="indexterm" name="idp9278016"></a>
	<p>make PDF viewer's menu bar visible (default: <code class=
	"literal">true</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pdfnewwindow</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9282272" class="indexterm" name="idp9282272"></a>
	<p>make links that open another PDF file start a new window
	(default: <code class="literal">false</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pdfpagelayout</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9286560" class="indexterm" name="idp9286560"></a>
	<p>set layout of PDF pages (default: empty).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pdfpagemode</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9290096" class="indexterm" name="idp9290096"></a>
	<p>set default mode of PDF display (default: empty).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pdfpagescrop</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9293648" class="indexterm" name="idp9293648"></a>
	<p>set crop size of PDF document (default: empty).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pdfpagetransition</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9297184" class="indexterm" name="idp9297184"></a>
	<p>set PDF page transition style (default: empty).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pdfproducer</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9300720" class="indexterm" name="idp9300720"></a>
	<p>text for PDF Producer field (default: empty).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pdfstartpage</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9304256" class="indexterm" name="idp9304256"></a>
	<p>page at which PDF document opens (default: <code class=
	"literal">1</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pdfstartview</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9308480" class="indexterm" name="idp9308480"></a>
	<p>starting view of PDF document (default: <code class=
	"literal">/Fit</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pdfsubject</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9312736" class="indexterm" name="idp9312736"></a>
	<p>text for PDF Subject field (default: empty).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pdftitle</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9316368" class="indexterm" name="idp9316368"></a>
	<p>text for PDF Title field(default: empty).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pdftoolbar</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9319840" class="indexterm" name="idp9319840"></a>
	<p>make PDF toolbar visible (default: <code class=
	"literal">true</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pdfview</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9324096" class="indexterm" name="idp9324096"></a>
	<p>PDF `view' when on link traversal (default: empty).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">pdfwindowui</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9327696" class="indexterm" name="idp9327696"></a>
	<p>make PDF user interface elements visible (default: <code class=
	"literal">true</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">plainpages</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9331968" class="indexterm" name="idp9331968"></a>
	<p>do page number anchors as plain arabic (default: <code class=
	"literal">true</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">raiselinks</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9336240" class="indexterm" name="idp9336240"></a>
	<p>raise up links (for HyperTeX backend; default: <code class=
	"literal">false</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">runbordercolor</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9340512" class="indexterm" name="idp9340512"></a>
	<p>color of border around run links (default: <code class=
	"literal">0 .7 .7</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">unicode</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9344768" class="indexterm" name="idp9344768"></a>
	<p>Unicode encoded pdf strings (default: <code class=
	"literal">true</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">urlbordercolor</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9349024" class="indexterm" name="idp9349024"></a>
	<p>color of border around URL links (default: <code class=
	"literal">0 1 1</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">urlcolor</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9353280" class="indexterm" name="idp9353280"></a>
	<p>color of URL links (default: <code class=
	"literal">magenta</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">verbose</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9357520" class="indexterm" name="idp9357520"></a>
	<p>be chatty (default: <code class="literal">false</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.7.2 Commands">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="hyperref-commands" name=
	"hyperref-commands"></a>3.7.2 Commands</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\texorpdfstring{TeX-string}{pdf-string}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9364528" class="indexterm" name="idp9364528"></a>
	<p>allows different texts for PDF or TeX creation.</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\section{The role of \texorpdfstring{H$_2$O}{water}}
	</pre></dd>
	<dt><a id="href" name="href"></a><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\href{URL}{Text}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9370096" class="indexterm" name="idp9370096"></a>
	<p>the text will be resolved into a URL. The URL must be complete,
	according to a base-url which might be defined in a <a class="link"
	href="#cmd-hyperbaseurl"><code class=
	"literal">\hyperbaseurl</code></a>.</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\href{http://www.karpfenteich.net/pit/}{Peter's input tips}
	</pre></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><a id="cmd-hyperbaseurl" name=
	"cmd-hyperbaseurl"></a><code class=
	"literal">\hyperbaseurl{URL}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9376624" class="indexterm" name="idp9376624"></a>
	<p>defines a base URL, which is preset to a given URL. This helps
	to make portable documents.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\hyperimage{image-URL}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9380608" class="indexterm" name="idp9380608"></a>
	<p>includes the picture of the URL reference.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\hyperref{URL}{category}{name}{text}</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\hyperref[mark]{text}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9385424" class="indexterm" name="idp9385424"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">text</code> is activated as a hyperlink to
	the point which is defined with a <a class="link" href=
	"#cmd-label-title" title="2.3.2. \label{key}"><code class=
	"filename">\label</code></a> command with the symbolic name
	<code class="literal">mark</code>.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\hyperlink{name}{text}</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class=
	"literal">\hyertarget{name}{text}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9393072" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9393072"></a><a id="idp9394976" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9394976"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\hyperlink</code> creates an internal link
	to an object which is somewhere defined with a <code class=
	"literal">\hypertarget</code> command.</p>
	<p>For HTML the command <code class="literal">\hyperlink</code>
	inserts a <code class="literal">#</code> character in front of each
	link. Thus it'll refer to the topical document, while <code class=
	"literal">\href</code> will expect a complete URL.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\autoref{marker}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9402864" class="indexterm" name="idp9402864"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\autoref</code> is a substitution for the
	standard <code class="literal">\ref</code> command. It inserts a
	context sensitive phrase.</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	see \autoref{foo}
	</pre>
	<p>for a <code class="literal">\label</code> in a section will
	output <span class="emphasis"><em>see section 3</em></span> for an
	example.</p>
	<p>There are macros to change the default output with the help of
	the <code class="literal">\renewcommand</code>:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\figurename \figurename
	\tablename \tablename
	\partname \partname
	\appendixname \appendixname
	\equationname \equationname
	\Itemname \Itemname
	\chaptername \chaptername
	\sectionname \sectionname
	\subsectionname \subsesctionname
	\subsubsectionname \subsubsectionname
	\paragraphname \paragraphname
	\Hfootnotename \Hfootnotename
	\AMSname \AMSname
	\theoremname \theoremname
	</pre></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><a id="cmd-nolinkurl" name=
	"cmd-nolinkurl"></a><code class=
	"literal">\nolinkurl</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9413248" class="indexterm" name="idp9413248"></a>
	<p>Allows line breaks in a verbatim like environment like
	<code class="literal">\url</code>, but without the hyperlink
	function. This is useful to define own commands like this
	example:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\newcommand*{\urlw}[1]{\href{http://www.#1}%
	{\nolinkurl{www.#1}}}
	</pre>
	<p>This new defined command <code class="literal">\urlw</code>
	allows the user to typeset a linkable (this function is offered by
	<code class="literal">\href</code>) <code class=
	"literal">www.example.org</code> address in the latex source like
	this:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\urlw{example.org}
	</pre>
	<p>This will produce the string <code class=
	"literal">www.example.org</code> which is hyperlinked and breakable
	(when the driver like pdfTeX allows line breaks in links).</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.8 inputenc">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="inputenc" name="inputenc"></a>3.8
	<code class="filename">inputenc</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp9424944" class="indexterm" name="idp9424944"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\usepackage[encoding
	name]{inputenc}</code></p>
	<p>Allows to specify an input encoding for direct input of
	character codes > 127, e.g. accented characters.</p>
	<p>Important encodings are:</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">latin9,
	latin1</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p class="simpara">Linux, Unix, VMS</p>
	<a id="idp9429952" class="indexterm" name="idp9429952"></a><a id=
	"idp9430768" class="indexterm" name="idp9430768"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">ansinew</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p class="simpara">Windows (codepage 1252)</p>
	<a id="idp9433584" class="indexterm" name="idp9433584"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">cp850</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p class="simpara">OS/2, MSDOS (codpage 850)</p>
	<a id="idp9436544" class="indexterm" name="idp9436544"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">applemac</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p class="simpara">Apple Macintosh</p>
	<a id="idp9439360" class="indexterm" name="idp9439360"></a></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.9 KOMA-Script">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="komascript" name="komascript"></a>3.9
	<code class="filename">KOMA-Script</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp9442992" class="indexterm" name="idp9442992"></a><a id=
	"idp9444032" class="indexterm" name="idp9444032"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">KOMA-Script</code> package has a very
	detailed and well written documentation. Read the <code class=
	"literal">scrguide</code> for further information! :-)</p>
	<div class="section" title="3.9.1 Page-Layout">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="komascript-page-layout" name=
	"komascript-page-layout"></a>3.9.1 Page-Layout</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<p><code class="literal">\typearea[BCOR]{DIV}</code></p>
	<a id="idp9450080" class="indexterm" name="idp9450080"></a>
	<p><code class=
	"literal">\areaset[BCOR]{Breite}{Höhe}</code></p>
	<a id="idp9451936" class="indexterm" name="idp9451936"></a></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.9.2 Options">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="komascript-options" name=
	"komascript-options"></a>3.9.2 Options</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term">headinclude, headexclude,</span>
	<span class="term">footinclude, footexclude</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9456288" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9456288"></a><a id="idp9457472" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9457472"></a><a id="idp9458544" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9458544"></a><a id="idp9459616" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9459616"></a>
	<p>will determine if headers and footers are used in the
	calculation of the page size. Default is exclude. Include will make
	the text area smaller.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">DIV</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9462448" class="indexterm" name="idp9462448"></a>
	<p>is a factor which determins how large the used page size is.
	This method takes care of good typography.</p>
	<p>Try values between 10 and 15. Higher values will cause smaller
	margins. An example would be: <code class=
	"literal">DIV12</code>.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">BCOR</span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9466400" class="indexterm" name="idp9466400"></a>
	<p>Binding correction. Takes care of the loss of the visible paper
	size when the paper is cut and a book is bound.</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.9.3 Letter Class scrlttr2">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="komascript-scrlttr2" name=
	"komascript-scrlttr2"></a>3.9.3 Letter Class <code class=
	"literal">scrlttr2</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp9470720" class="indexterm" name="idp9470720"></a>
	<p>This reference is based on the excellent <code class=
	"literal">scrguien.pdf</code> from 2002-09-06.</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp9473376" name=
	"idp9473376"></a>Options</h5>
	<a id="idp9474064" class="indexterm" name="idp9474064"></a>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp9475968" name="idp9475968"></a>Defining
	Options Later</h5>
	<a id="idp9476656" class="indexterm" name="idp9476656"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">\KOMAoptions{options
	list}</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Use this to change options after loading the class. List single
	or multiple options, separated by commas.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp9481408" name="idp9481408"></a>Page
	Layout Options</h5>
	<a id="idp9482096" class="indexterm" name="idp9482096"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">paper=format</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Defines the paper format.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">BCOR=length</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">DIV=value</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">headlines=count</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Divisor, binding correction, and number of headlines.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">enlargefirstpage</code></span></dt>
	<dd>If <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span> some more text
	would fit on the first page</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp9492960" name="idp9492960"></a>Other
	Layout Options</h5>
	<a id="idp9493648" class="indexterm" name="idp9493648"></a><a id=
	"idp9495552" class="indexterm" name="idp9495552"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">twoside</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Activate possibilities of a double-sided document, but stay
	with with the one-sided layout as far as possible.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">cleardoublepage=style</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p class="simpara">Inserted pages by <code class=
	"literal">\cleardoublepage</code> get one of these page styles:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc">
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">empty</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">plain</code></li>
	<li class="listitem"><code class="literal">standard</code></li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">headsepline</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">footsepline</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Insert a separator line below the head or above the foot.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">mpinclude</code>,</span> <span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">mpexclude</code></span></dt>
	<dd>These two options of the <code class="literal">typearea</code>
	package should not be used with <code class=
	"literal">scrlttr2</code>.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">pagenumber=position</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p class="simpara">This option defines if and where a page number
	will be placed. Possible values are:</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">bot</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">foot</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Page number in foot, horizontal position not changed</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">botcenter</code>,</span> <span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">botcentered</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">botmiddle</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">footcenter</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">footcentered</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">footmiddle</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Page number infoot,centered</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">botleft</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">footleft</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Page number in foot, left justified</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">botrigth</code>,</span> <span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">footright</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Page number in foot, right justified</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">center</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">centered</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">middle</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Page number centered horizontally, vertical position not
	changed</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">false</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">no</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">off</code></span></dt>
	<dd>No page number</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">head</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">top</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Page number in head, horizontal position not changed</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">headcenter</code>,</span> <span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">headcentered</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">headmiddle</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">topcenter</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">topcentered</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">topmiddle</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Page number in head, centered</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">headleft</code>,</span> <span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">topleft</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Page number in head, left justified</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">headright</code>,</span> <span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">topright</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Page number in head, right justified</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">left</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Page number left, vertical position not changed</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">right</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Page number right, vertical position not changed</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<p class="simpara">Default is <code class=
	"literal">botcenter</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">parskip=value</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p class="simpara">Mark paragraphs alternatively by vertical skip.
	Possible values are:</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">false</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">off</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Paragraph indentation instead of verticalk space</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">full</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">on</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">true</code></span></dt>
	<dd>One line vertical space between paragraphs; at least 1 em free
	space in the last line.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">full*</code></span></dt>
	<dd>One line vertical space betwen paragraphs; at least a quarter
	of a line free space at the end of a paragraph.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">full+</code></span></dt>
	<dd>One line vertical space betwen paragraphs; at least a third of
	aline free space at the end of a paragraph.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">full-</code></span></dt>
	<dd>One line vertical space betwen paragraphs; last line of a
	paragraph may be arbitrarily filled.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">half</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Half a line vertical space between paragraphs; at least 1 em
	free space in the last line.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">half*</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Half a line vertical space between paragraphs; at least a
	quarter of a line free space at the end of a paragraph.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">half+</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Half a line vertical space between paragraphs; at least a third
	of a line free space at the end of a paragraph.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">half-</code></span></dt>
	<dd>One line vertical space between paragraphs; last line may be
	arbitrarily filled.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<p class="simpara">Default is <code class=
	"literal">false</code>.</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp9584448" name="idp9584448"></a>Font
	Options</h5>
	<a id="idp9585136" class="indexterm" name="idp9585136"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">fontsize=size</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Font size of the document. Defaults to <code class=
	"literal">12pt</code>.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp9590560" name="idp9590560"></a>Options
	for Letterhead and Address</h5>
	<a id="idp9591264" class="indexterm" name="idp9591264"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">fromalign</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p class="simpara">Defines the placement of the from address in the
	letterhead. Possible values are:</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">center</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">centered</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">middle</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Return address centered.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">false</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">no</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">off</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Standard design for return address.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">left</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Left justified return address.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">rigth</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Right justified return address.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<p class="simpara">Default is <code class="literal">left</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">fromrule</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p class="simpara">Allows to place a horizontal rule within return
	address. Possible values are:</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">afteraddress</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">below</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">true</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">yes</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Line below return address</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">aftername</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Line right below sender's name</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">false</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">no</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">off</code></span></dt>
	<dd>No line.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<p class="simpara">Default is <code class=
	"literal">false</code>.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">fromphone</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Defines whether the phone number will be part of the return
	address.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">fromfax</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Defines whether the facsimile number will be part of the return
	address.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">fromemail</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Defines whether the email address will be part of the return
	address.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">fromurl</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Defines whether the URL will be part of the return
	address.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">fromlogo</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Defines whether the logo will be part of the return
	address.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">addrfield</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Defines whether a return address field will be set.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">backaddress</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Defines whether a return address for window envelopes will be
	set.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">subject</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p class="simpara">Choose of your subject should have a title and
	if the subject should be set before or after the opening. Possible
	values are:</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">afteropening</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Set subject after opening.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">beforeopening</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Set subject before opening.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">titled</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Add title to subject.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">untitled</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Do not add title to subject.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<p class="simpara">Defaults are <code class=
	"literal">beforeopening</code> and <code class=
	"literal">untitled</code>.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">locfield</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p class="simpara">Toggle between presets for the field width of
	additionbal sender attributes.</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">narrow</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Small sender supplement field.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">wide</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Wide sender supplement field.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<p class="simpara">Default is <code class=
	"literal">narrow</code>.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">foldmarks</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Activates fold marks.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">numericaldate</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Toggles between standard, language-dependent date presentation
	and a short, numerical one.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">refline</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Defines that the reference line may extend beyond the normal
	type area.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp9664320" name="idp9664320"></a>Format
	Options</h5>
	<a id="idp9665008" class="indexterm" name="idp9665008"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">draft</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Toggles between the final and the draft version.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp9669728" name="idp9669728"></a>Letter
	Class Option Files</h5>
	<a id="idp9670432" class="indexterm" name="idp9670432"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\LoadLetterOption{name}</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p class="simpara">Load a <code class="literal">lco</code> file.
	<code class="literal">name</code> is the filename without
	suffix.</p>
	<p>Predefined <code class="literal">lco</code> files:</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">DIN</code></span></dt>
	<dd>For A4 size paper, complying with DIN 676.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">DINmtext</code></span></dt>
	<dd>For A4 size paper, complying with DIN 676, but using an
	alternate layout with more text on the first page.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">KOMAold</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Fo AQ4 paper size using a layout close to the obsolete
	<code class="literal">scrlettr</code> class.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">SN</code></span></dt>
	<dd>For Swiss letters with address field on the right side,
	according to SN 010 130</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">SNleft</code></span></dt>
	<dd>For Swiss letters with address field on the left side.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\LetterOptionNeedsPaperSize{option name}{paper
	size}</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Useful to be abel to emit warnings if the user selects a
	different paper size from the one the <code class=
	"literal">lco</code> file is based on.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp9692256" name="idp9692256"></a>General
	Document Properties</h5>
	<a id="idp9692928" class="indexterm" name="idp9692928"></a>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp9694848" name="idp9694848"></a>Font
	Selection</h5>
	<a id="idp9695536" class="indexterm" name="idp9695536"></a>
	<p>See also the section for <span class="emphasis"><em>Changing
	Fonts</em></span> in KOMA-Script (still to be written).</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">backaddress</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Back address for a window envelope</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">descriptionlabel</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Label in a <code class="literal">description</code>
	environment</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">fromaddress</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Sender's address in letterhead</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">fromname</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Sender's address in letterhead if different from <code class=
	"literal">fromaddress</code></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">pagefoot</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Footer, sometimes header of a page</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">pagehead</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Header, sometimes footer of a page</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">pagenumber</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Page number in footer or header</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">subject</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Subject in the opening</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">title</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Headline in the opening</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp9718656" name="idp9718656"></a>Page
	Style</h5>
	<a id="idp9719344" class="indexterm" name="idp9719344"></a>
	<p>See also the section for <span class="emphasis"><em>Page
	Style</em></span> in KOMA-Script (still to be written).</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">empty</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Entirely empty headers and footers</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">plain</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Empty head and and only page number in header or footer</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">headings</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Automatic page headings</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">myheadings</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Manual page headings</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp9731008" name=
	"idp9731008"></a>Variables</h5>
	<a id="idp9731696" class="indexterm" name="idp9731696"></a>
	<p>The main difference between a <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>command</em></span> and a <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>variable</em></span> is that a command usually
	triggers an action whereas a variable only consists of plain text.
	Furthermore a variable can have an additional description.</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\newkomavar[description]{name}</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\newkomavar*[description]{name}</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\addtoreffields{name}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9738592" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9738592"></a><a id="idp9740496" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp9740496"></a>
	<p class="simpara"><code class="literal">\newkomavar</code> defines
	a new variable, addressed with <code class=
	"literal">name</code>.</p>
	<p class="simpara">The command <code class=
	"literal">\addtoreffields</code> adds the variable <code class=
	"literal">name</code> to the reference fields. See section
	<a class="link" href="#scrlttr-business-line" title=
	"3.9.3. Business Line">Business Line</a>.</p>
	<p class="simpara">The command <code class=
	"literal">\newkomavar*</code> works like <code class=
	"literal">\newkomavar</code> with an additional call of the command
	<code class="literal">\addtoreffields</code>.</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<p>Overview of all variables:</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">backaddress</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9752048" class="indexterm" name="idp9752048"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Back address for window envelopes</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">backaddressseparator</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9755968" class="indexterm" name="idp9755968"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Separator within the back address</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">ccseparator</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9759888" class="indexterm" name="idp9759888"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Separator between title of additional recipients
	and additional recipients</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">customer</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9763856" class="indexterm" name="idp9763856"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Customer number</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">date</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9767760" class="indexterm" name="idp9767760"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Date</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">emailseparator</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9771664" class="indexterm" name="idp9771664"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Separator between e-mail name and e-mail
	address</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">enclseparator</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9775616" class="indexterm" name="idp9775616"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Separator between title of enclosure and and
	enclosures</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">faxseparator</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9779568" class="indexterm" name="idp9779568"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Separator between title of fax and fax
	number</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">fromaddress</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9783520" class="indexterm" name="idp9783520"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Sender's address without its name</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">frombank</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9787440" class="indexterm" name="idp9787440"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Sender's bank account</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">fromemail</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9791344" class="indexterm" name="idp9791344"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Sender's e-mail</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">fromfax</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9795248" class="indexterm" name="idp9795248"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Sender's fax number</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">fromlogo</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9799152" class="indexterm" name="idp9799152"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Commands for inserting the sender's logo</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">fromname</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9803088" class="indexterm" name="idp9803088"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Complete name of the sender</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">fromphone</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9807008" class="indexterm" name="idp9807008"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Sender's telephone number</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">fromurl</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9810928" class="indexterm" name="idp9810928"></a>
	<p class="simpara">URL of the sender</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">invoice</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9814832" class="indexterm" name="idp9814832"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Invoice number</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">location</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9818736" class="indexterm" name="idp9818736"></a>
	<p class="simpara">More details of the sender</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">myref</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9822656" class="indexterm" name="idp9822656"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Sender's reference</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">place</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9826560" class="indexterm" name="idp9826560"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Place</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">placeseparator</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9830464" class="indexterm" name="idp9830464"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Separator between place and date</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">phoneseparator</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9834384" class="indexterm" name="idp9834384"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Separator between title of telephone and
	telephone number</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">signature</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9838336" class="indexterm" name="idp9838336"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Signature beneath the ending of the letter</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">specialmail</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9842272" class="indexterm" name="idp9842272"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Special mail</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">subject</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9846176" class="indexterm" name="idp9846176"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Subject</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">subjectseparator</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9850080" class="indexterm" name="idp9850080"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Separator between title of subject and
	subject</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">title</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9854032" class="indexterm" name="idp9854032"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Letter title</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">toname</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9857936" class="indexterm" name="idp9857936"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Complete name of recipient</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">toaddress</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9861856" class="indexterm" name="idp9861856"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Address of recipient without its name</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">yourmail</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9865776" class="indexterm" name="idp9865776"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Date of recipient's mail</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">yourref</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9869696" class="indexterm" name="idp9869696"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Recipient's reference</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\setkomavar{name}[description]{content}</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\setkomavar*{name}{description}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9875216" class="indexterm" name="idp9875216"></a>
	<p class="simpara"><code class="literal">\setkomavar</code> sets
	the content of the variable <code class="literal">name</code>. The
	optional argument sets the <code class="literal">description</code>
	of the variable.</p>
	<p class="simpara"><code class="literal">\setkomavar*</code> only
	sets the <code class="literal">description</code>.</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\usekomavar[command]{name}</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class=
	"literal">\usekomavar*[command]{name}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9884544" class="indexterm" name="idp9884544"></a>
	<p class="simpara"><code class="literal">\usekomavar</code> gives
	you access to the content of the variable <code class=
	"literal">name</code>.</p>
	<p class="simpara"><code class="literal">\usekomavar*</code> gives
	you access to the <code class="literal">description</code> of the
	variable <code class="literal">name</code>.</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\ifkomavarempty{name}{true}{false}</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\ifkomavarempty*{name}{true}{false}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp9893824" class="indexterm" name="idp9893824"></a>
	<p class="simpara">The <code class="literal">true</code> argument
	will be executed if the content or description is empty. Otherwise
	the <code class="literal">false</code> argument will be
	executed.</p>
	<p class="simpara">The starred version handles the description of a
	variable, the variant without star the content.</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp9898704" name="idp9898704"></a>Pseudo
	Lengths</h5>
	<a id="idp9899392" class="indexterm" name="idp9899392"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\@newplength{name}</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Defines a new pseudo length</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\useplength{name}</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Access value of pseudo length <code class=
	"literal">name</code></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\setlengthtoplength[factor]{length}{pseudo length}</code>
	,</span> <span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\addtolengthplength[factor]{length}{pseudo
	length}</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Assign a multiple of <code class="literal">pseudo length</code>
	to a real <code class="literal">length</code>. Adds a multiple of
	<code class="literal">pseudo length</code> to <code class=
	"literal">length</code>.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\@setplength[factor]{pseudo length}{value}</code>
	,</span> <span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\@addtoplength[factor]{pseudo
	length}{value}</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Assign a multiple of a <code class="literal">value</code> to a
	<code class="literal">pseudo length</code>. Adds <code class=
	"literal">value</code> to <code class="literal">pseudo
	length</code>.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp9919360" name="idp9919360"></a>Letter
	Declaration</h5>
	<a id="idp9920048" class="indexterm" name="idp9920048"></a>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp9921952" name=
	"idp9921952"></a>Letterhead</h5>
	<a id="idp9922640" class="indexterm" name="idp9922640"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">firstheadvpos</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Distance between the top of the sheet and the letterhead.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">firstheadwidth</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Width of the letterhead.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">fromname</code>,</span> <span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">fromaddress</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">fromphone</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">fromfax</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">fromemail</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">fromurl</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">fromlogo</code></span></dt>
	<dd>This variables give all statements concerning the sender
	necessary to create the letterhead.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">phoneseparator</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">faxseparator</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">emailseparator</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">urlseparator</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Separators for variables in letterhead.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\firsthead{construction}</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Create letterhead freely.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp9942880" name=
	"idp9942880"></a>Footer</h5>
	<a id="idp9943568" class="indexterm" name="idp9943568"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">firstfootvpos</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Distance between footer and upper border of the sheet.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">firstfootwidth</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Width of letter's firstpage footer.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\firstfoot{Construction}</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Set definition for first page's footer</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp9952336" name=
	"idp9952336"></a>Address</h5>
	<a id="idp9953024" class="indexterm" name="idp9953024"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">toaddrvpos</code>,</span> <span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">toaddrhpos</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Distance between address window of a window envelope and the
	upper and left border of the sheet.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">toaddrwidth</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Width of the address window.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">toaddrindent</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Value of indentation for the address from the left border.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">backaddress</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">backaddressseparator</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">backaddrheight</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Double backslashes within return address will be exchanged with
	<code class="literal">backaddressseparator</code>. Height of the
	return address field.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">specialmail</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">specialmailindent</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">specialmailrightindent</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Optionally set between return address and addressee.
	<code class="literal">specialmailindent</code> and <code class=
	"literal">specialmailrightindent</code> determine left and right
	indentation.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">toname</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">toaddress</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Usually not set directly by the user.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\begin{letter}[options]{address}</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Major point of the letter class.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\AtBeginLetter{command}</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Hook for commands run at begin of a letter.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp9979184" name="idp9979184"></a>Sender's
	Extension</h5>
	<a id="idp9979872" class="indexterm" name="idp9979872"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">locwidth</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Declares width of sender's extensions.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">location</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Content of sender's extension.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="scrlttr-business-line" name=
	"scrlttr-business-line"></a>Business Line</h5>
	<a id="idp9987696" class="indexterm" name="idp9987696"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">refvpos</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Distance between upper border of sheet and business line.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">refwidth</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Available width for the business line.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">refaftervskip</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Vertical space to be inserted beneath business line.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">place</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">placeseparator</code></span></dt>
	<dd>If all variables for business line are empty, the content of
	<code class="literal">place</code> and <code class=
	"literal">placeseparator</code> will be set, followed by content of
	<code class="literal">date</code>.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">yourref</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">yourmail</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">myref</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">customer</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">invoice</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">date</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Typical fields for business lines.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp10007648" name="idp10007648"></a>Title
	and Subject Line</h5>
	<a id="idp10008336" class="indexterm" name="idp10008336"></a><a id=
	"idp10010240" class="indexterm" name="idp10010240"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">title</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Additional tile. Set centered beneath the business line.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">subject</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">subjectseparator</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Set the subject of the letter, optional prefixed by a
	label.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp10017824" name=
	"idp10017824"></a>Further Issues</h5>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">tfoldmarkvpos</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">bfoldmarkvpos</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Position of upper and lower fold mark.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">foldmarkhpos</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Distance between fold marks and the sheet's left border.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">frombank</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Internally not used yet.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\nexthead{construction}</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class=
	"literal">\nextfoot{construction}</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Create letter head or foot for the following pages freely.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp10029040" name="idp10029040"></a>The
	Text</h5>
	<a id="idp10029728" class="indexterm" name="idp10029728"></a>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp10031632" name=
	"idp10031632"></a>Opening</h5>
	<a id="idp10032320" class="indexterm" name="idp10032320"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\opening{opening}</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Set the opening of the letter.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp10037008" name=
	"idp10037008"></a>Footnotes</h5>
	<a id="idp10037696" class="indexterm" name="idp10037696"></a>
	<p>See section <span class="emphasis"><em>Footnotes</em></span> in
	KOMA-Script (still to be written).</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp10040560" name=
	"idp10040560"></a>Lists</h5>
	<a id="idp10041184" class="indexterm" name="idp10041184"></a>
	<p>See section <span class="emphasis"><em>Lists</em></span> in
	KOMA-Script (still to be written).</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp10044048" name="idp10044048"></a>Margin
	Notes</h5>
	<a id="idp10044672" class="indexterm" name="idp10044672"></a>
	<p>See section <span class="emphasis"><em>Margin Notes</em></span>
	in KOMA-Script (still to be written).</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp10047536" name="idp10047536"></a>Text
	Emphasis</h5>
	<a id="idp10048160" class="indexterm" name="idp10048160"></a>
	<p>See section <span class="emphasis"><em>Logical Markup of
	Text</em></span> in KOMA-Script (still to be written).</p>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp10051024" name=
	"idp10051024"></a>Closing Part</h5>
	<a id="idp10051648" class="indexterm" name="idp10051648"></a>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp10053552" name=
	"idp10053552"></a>Closing</h5>
	<a id="idp10054240" class="indexterm" name="idp10054240"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">signature</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Inlcudes an explanation for the inscription. Defaults to
	<code class="literal">\usekomavar{fromname}</code>.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">\closing{closing
	phrase}</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Typesets the colsing phrase follwoed by a vertical space and
	the contents fo variable <code class=
	"literal">signature</code>.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">sigindent</code>,</span> <span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">sigbeforevskip</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\raggedsignature</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Indentation of the box for closing phrase, inscription and
	signature (defaults to 0mm). Vertical space between closing phrase
	and signature (defaults to two lines). Alignment inside the
	box.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp10066320" name=
	"idp10066320"></a>Postscript, Carbon Copy, and Enclosures</h5>
	<a id="idp10067024" class="indexterm" name="idp10067024"></a><a id=
	"idp10068928" class="indexterm" name="idp10068928"></a><a id=
	"idp10070832" class="indexterm" name="idp10070832"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">\ps</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Set a postscript.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">\cc{distribution
	list}</code>,</span> <span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">ccseparator</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Set a ddistribution list. If the contents of <code class=
	"literal">ccseparator</code> isn't empty then the name and the
	content of the variable is inserted prior to distribution
	list.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\encl{enclosures}</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">enclseparator</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Same structur as the distribution list.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp10081984" name=
	"idp10081984"></a>Language Support</h5>
	<a id="idp10082672" class="indexterm" name="idp10082672"></a>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp10084576" name=
	"idp10084576"></a>Language Selection</h5>
	<a id="idp10085264" class="indexterm" name="idp10085264"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\captionenglish</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\captionUSenglish</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\captionamerican</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\captionbritish</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\captionUKenglish</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\captiongerman</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\captionngerman</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\captionaustrian</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\captionfrench</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\captionitalian</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\captionspanish</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\captiondutch</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\captioncroatian</code></span></dt>
	<dd>If the used language selection scheme does not support
	switching the language the above commands can be used
	directly.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\dateenglish</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\dateUSenglish</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\dateamerican</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\datebritish</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\dateUKenglish</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\dategerman</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\datengerman</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\dateaustrian</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">\datefrench</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\dateitalian</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\datespanish</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">\datedutch</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\datecrotian</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Numerical date representation.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp10111648" name=
	"idp10111648"></a>Language-Dependent Terms</h5>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\yourrefname</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\youremailname</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">\myrefname</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\customername</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\invoicename</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\subjectname</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\ccname</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\enclname</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\headtoname</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\headfromname</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\datename</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\pagename</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\phonename</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\faxname</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\emailname</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\wwwname</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\bankname</code></span></dt>
	<dd>These defintions can be modified to support a new language of
	for private customization.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp10128272" name=
	"idp10128272"></a>Defining Language Terms</h5>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\providecaptioname{language}{term}{definition}</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\newcaptioname{language}{term}{defintion}</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\renewcaptionname{language}{term}{definition}</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Assign a <span class="emphasis"><em>definition</em></span> for
	a <span class="emphasis"><em>language</em></span> to a <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>term</em></span>.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp10134800" name=
	"idp10134800"></a>Address Files and Circular Letters</h5>
	<a id="idp10135504" class="indexterm" name="idp10135504"></a><a id=
	"idp10137408" class="indexterm" name="idp10137408"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\adrentry{Lastname}{Firstname}{Address}{Telephone}{F1}{F2}{Comment}{Key}</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Address entry for address files. The file extension has to be
	<code class="literal">.adr</code>!</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\addrentry{Lastname}{Firstname}{Address}{Telephone}{F1}{F2}{F3}{F4}{Key}</code></span></dt>
	<dd>This command supports four freely definable parameters for an
	address entry.</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">\adrchar{initial
	letter}</code>,</span> <span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\addrchar{initial letter}</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Separator for address entries. Ignored by <code class=
	"literal">scrlttr2</code>.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.9.4 Address Files with scraddr">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="komascript-scraddr" name=
	"komascript-scraddr"></a>3.9.4 Address Files with <code class=
	"literal">scraddr</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp10151008" class="indexterm" name="idp10151008"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">\InputAddressFile{file
	name}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10154304" class="indexterm" name="idp10154304"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Read the contents of the given address file.
	Filename extension has to be <code class="literal">.adr</code> and
	has to be omitted in the argument.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\Name{Key}</code>,</span> <span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\FirstName{Key}</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\LastName{Key}</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\Address{Key}</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\Telephone{Key}</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">\FreeI{Key}</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\FreeII{Key}</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\Comment{Key}</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\FreeIII{Key}</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\FreeIV{Key}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10166368" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10166368"></a><a id="idp10168272" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10168272"></a><a id="idp10170176" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10170176"></a><a id="idp10172080" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10172080"></a><a id="idp10173984" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10173984"></a><a id="idp10175888" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10175888"></a><a id="idp10177792" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10177792"></a><a id="idp10179696" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10179696"></a><a id="idp10181600" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10181600"></a><a id="idp10183504" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10183504"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Access to the data in address file. <code class=
	"literal">\Name</code> is a concatenation of <code class=
	"literal">\FirstName</code> and <code class=
	"literal">\LastName</code>.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">AdrFreeIVempty</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">AdrFreeIVshow</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">AdrFreeIVwarn</code>,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">AdrFreeIVstop</code></span></dt>
	<dd>Package warning options. Defaults to <code class=
	"literal">AdrFreeIVshow</code>.</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.10 mathpazo">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="mathpazo" name="mathpazo"></a>3.10
	<code class="filename">mathpazo</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp10196240" class="indexterm" name="idp10196240"></a><a id=
	"idp10197056" class="indexterm" name="idp10197056"></a>
	<p>Math fonts for the use with the Palatino font.</p>
	<div class="section" title="3.10.1 \upDelta / \upOmega">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="upDelta-upOmega" name=
	"upDelta-upOmega"></a>3.10.1 \upDelta / \upOmega</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp10200624" class="indexterm" name="idp10200624"></a><a id=
	"idp10201440" class="indexterm" name="idp10201440"></a>
	<p>Math fonts for the use with the Palatino font.</p>
	<p>Package options are:</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">[slantedGreek]</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>Uppercase Greek will be typeset slanted.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">[noBBpl]</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>Do not use PazoMathBlackboardBold as (partial) blackboard bold
	font (e.g with <code class="literal">\mathbb{R}</code>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">[osf]</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>Make the font family <code class="literal">pplj</code> (Palatino
	with old style numerals) the default roman font, and use an
	alternative version of the virtual math italic fonts (<code class=
	"literal">zplmrj7m</code> and <code class=
	"literal">zplmbj7m</code>) with upright Palatino old style numerals
	for use with the <code class="literal">\oldstylenums</code>
	command.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">[osfeqnnum]</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>Use old style numerals for equation numbering.</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.11 varioref">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="varioref" name="varioref"></a>3.11
	<code class="filename">varioref</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp10217888" class="indexterm" name="idp10217888"></a><a id=
	"idp10218704" class="indexterm" name="idp10218704"></a>
	<p>Smarter version of the original latex2e <a class="link" href=
	"#cross-references" title="2.3.2 Cross References">cross reference
	commands</a>. Generated strings are customizable, Babel options are
	recognized (further info in the package documentation).</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><a id="cmd-vref" name=
	"cmd-vref"></a><code class="literal">\vref</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><a id="cmd-vpageref" name=
	"cmd-vpageref"></a><code class=
	"literal">\vpageref</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10225120" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10225120"></a><a id="idp10226192" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10226192"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">\vref</code> is similar to <code class=
	"literal">\ref</code> but adds an additional page reference, like
	<span class="emphasis"><em>on the facing page</em></span> or
	<span class="emphasis"><em>on page 27</em></span> whenever the
	corresponding <a class="link" href="#cmd-label-title" title=
	"2.3.2. \label{key}"><code class="filename">\label</code></a>
	is not on the same page.</p>
	<p><code class="literal">\vpageref</code> is a variation of
	<code class="literal">\pageref</code> with similar
	functionality.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\vrefrange</code>,</span> <span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\vpagerefrange</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10235552" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10235552"></a><a id="idp10236624" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10236624"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">\v...range</code> commands take two
	labels as arguments and produce strings which depend on wether or
	not these labels fall onto a single page or on different pages.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">\vref*</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">\vpageref*</code>,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\vpagerefrange*</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>Star * variants do not add any space before the generated text
	for situations like:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(\vref{foo} ...)
	</pre></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.12 Several Small Packages">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="small-packages" name=
	"small-packages"></a>3.12 Several Small Packages</h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp10245536" class="indexterm" name="idp10245536"></a><a id=
	"idp10246352" class="indexterm" name="idp10246352"></a><a id=
	"idp10247168" class="indexterm" name="idp10247168"></a>
	<p>Must be loaded with the usual <a class="link" href=
	"#usepackage-linkend"><code class="literal">\usepackage</code></a>
	command. Further info for a package to be found in the
	documentation (dvi, pdf, ps) or in the <code class=
	"literal">sty</code>-file itself.</p>
	<div class="section" title="3.12.1 bm">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bm-package" name="bm-package"></a>3.12.1
	<code class="filename">bm</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp10253488" class="indexterm" name="idp10253488"></a><a id=
	"idp10254528" class="indexterm" name="idp10254528"></a><a id=
	"idp10255984" class="indexterm" name="idp10255984"></a>
	<p>Bold math symbols or equations with better spacing then the
	<code class="literal">\boldsymbold</code> command. <a id=
	"idp10258528" class="indexterm" name="idp10258528"></a> If possible
	load after other packages which redefine the fonts. When no bold
	font is available for a certain char <code class=
	"literal">bm</code> will use <span class="emphasis"><em>poor man's
	bold</em></span> <a class="link" href="#pmb-linkend"><code class=
	"literal">\pmb</code></a>.</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><a id="cmd-bm" name=
	"cmd-bm"></a><code class="literal">\bm</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10264528" class="indexterm" name="idp10264528"></a>
	<p>Produces bold math symbol or equation.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\unboldmath</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10267584" class="indexterm" name="idp10267584"></a>
	<p>Can be used to set parts of an equation unbold.</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.12.2 url">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="url-package" name="url-package"></a>3.12.2
	<code class="filename">url</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp10272016" class="indexterm" name="idp10272016"></a><a id=
	"idp10273056" class="indexterm" name="idp10273056"></a>
	<p>Defines line breakable hyperlinked (uses <a class="link" href=
	"#hyperref" title="3.7 hyperref">hyperref</a> package) verbatim
	input for urls and e-mail addresses.</p>
	<p>Example: <code class="literal">\url{http://example.org}</code>
	outputs <code class="literal">http://example.org</code>.</p>
	<p>Related commands are <a class="link" href="#href"><code class=
	"literal">\href</code></a> and <a class="link" href=
	"#cmd-nolinkurl"><code class="literal">\nolinkurl</code></a>.</p>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4 Generic Packages">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="generic-packages"
	name="generic-packages"></a>4 Generic Packages</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.1 PiCTeX (tbd.)">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="pictex" name="pictex"></a>4.1 PiCTeX
	(tbd.)</h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp10284000" class="indexterm" name="idp10284000"></a>
	<p>tbd.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2 PSTricks">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="pstricks" name="pstricks"></a>4.2
	PSTricks</h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp10287792" class="indexterm" name="idp10287792"></a>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.1 Overview">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="pstricks-ovw" name=
	"pstricks-ovw"></a>4.2.1 Overview</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<p>The idea behind the PSTricks package of Timothy van Zandt <a id=
	"idp10288208" class="indexterm" name="idp10288208"></a> is to
	provide most of the PostScript language in LaTeX and TeX
	syntax.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2 Commands and Parameters">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="pstricks-commands" name=
	"pstricks-commands"></a>4.2.2 Commands and Parameters</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.1 Color">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-color" name=
	"pstricks-color"></a>4.2.2.1 Color</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp10296496" class="indexterm" name="idp10296496"></a><a id=
	"idp10298576" class="indexterm" name="idp10298576"></a><a id=
	"idp10300416" class="indexterm" name="idp10300416"></a><a id=
	"idp10302320" class="indexterm" name="idp10302320"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\newgray{color}{num}</code> ,</span> <span class=
	"term"><code class="literal">\newrgbcolor{color}{num1 num2
	num3}</code> ,</span> <span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\newhsbcolor{color}{num1 num2 num3}</code> ,</span>
	<span class="term"><code class="literal">\newcmykcolor{color}{num1
	num2 num3 num4}</code></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<p>Note that these commands are obsolete for LaTeX. Load PSTricks
	with <code class="literal">\usepackage{pstcol}</code> and use the
	standard LaTeX color commands instead.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.2 Setting graphics parameters">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-setting" name=
	"pstricks-setting"></a>4.2.2.2 Setting graphics parameters</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\psset{par1=value1,par2=value2,...}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10315824" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10315824"></a></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title=
	"4.2.2.3 Dimensions, coordinates and angles">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-dimensions" name=
	"pstricks-dimensions"></a>4.2.2.3 Dimensions, coordinates and
	angles</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pssetlength{cmd}{dim}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10321808" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10321808"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">unit=dim, xunit=dim,
	yunit=dim, yunit=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10325584" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10325584"></a><a id="idp10327536" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10327536"></a><a id="idp10329440" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10329440"></a><a id="idp10331344" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10331344"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">1cm</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\degrees[num]</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10336160" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10336160"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\radians</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10339904" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10339904"></a></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.4 Basic graphics parameters">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-basic" name=
	"pstricks-basic"></a>4.2.2.4 Basic graphics parameters</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">linewidth=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10345760" class="indexterm" name="idp10345760"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">.8pt</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">linecolor=color</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10350608" class="indexterm" name="idp10350608"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">black</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">showpoints=true/false</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10355456" class="indexterm" name="idp10355456"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">false</code></p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.5 Lines and polygons">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-lines" name=
	"pstricks-lines"></a>4.2.2.5 Lines and polygons</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">linearc=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10362448" class="indexterm" name="idp10362448"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">0pt</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">framearc=num</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10367152" class="indexterm" name="idp10367152"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">0</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">cornersize=relative/absolute</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10371984" class="indexterm" name="idp10371984"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">relative</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\psline*[par]{arrows}(x0,y0)(x1,y1)...(xn,yn)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10376864" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10376864"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\qline(coor0)(coor1)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10380656" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10380656"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pspolygon*[par](x0,y0)(x1,y1)(x2,y2)...(xn,yn)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10384480" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10384480"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\psframe*[par](x0,y0)(x1,y1)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10388240" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10388240"></a></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.6 Arcs, circles and ellipses">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-arcs" name=
	"pstricks-arcs"></a>4.2.2.6 Arcs, circles and ellipses</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pscircle*[par](x0,y0){radius}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10394160" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10394160"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\qdisk(coor){radius}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10397904" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10397904"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pswedge*[par](x0,y0){radius}{angle1}{angle2}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10401680" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10401680"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\psellipse*[par](x0,y0)(x1,y1)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10405440" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10405440"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\psarc*[par]{arrows}(x,y){radius}{angleA}{angleB}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10409216" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10409216"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\psarcn*[par]{arrows}(x,y){radius}{angleA}{angleB}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10412992" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10412992"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">arcsep=dim,
	arcsepA=dim, arcsepB=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10416800" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10416800"></a><a id="idp10418704" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10418704"></a><a id="idp10420608" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10420608"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">0pt</code></p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.7 Curves">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-curves" name=
	"pstricks-curves"></a>4.2.2.7 Curves</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\psbezier*[par]{arrows}(x0,y0)(x1,y1)(x2,y2)(x3,y3)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10427600" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10427600"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\parabola*[par]{arrows}(x0,y0)(x1,y1)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10431360" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10431360"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pscurve*[par]{arrows}(x1,y1)...(xn,yn)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10435120" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10435120"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\psecurve*[par]{arrows}(x1,y1)...(xn,yn)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10438896" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10438896"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\psccurve*[par]{arrows}(x1,y1)...(xn,yn)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10442672" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10442672"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">curvature=num1 num2
	num3</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10446480" class="indexterm" name="idp10446480"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">1 .1 0</code></p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.8 Dots">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-dots" name=
	"pstricks-dots"></a>4.2.2.8 Dots</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\psdots*[par](x1,y1)(x2,y2)...(xn,yn)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10453424" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10453424"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">dotstyle=style</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10457168" class="indexterm" name="idp10457168"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">*</code></p>
	<p class="simpara">Dots: <code class="literal">*, o, +, triangle,
	triangle, square, square, pentagon, pentagon*, \|</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">dotscale=num1
	num2</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10463024" class="indexterm" name="idp10463024"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">1</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">dotangle=angle</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10467840" class="indexterm" name="idp10467840"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">0</code></p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.9 Grids">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-grids" name=
	"pstricks-grids"></a>4.2.2.9 Grids</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\psgrid(x0,y0)(x1,y1)(x2,y2)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10474768" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10474768"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">gridwidth=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10478512" class="indexterm" name="idp10478512"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">.8pt</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">gridcolor=color</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10483232" class="indexterm" name="idp10483232"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">black</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">griddots=num</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10487952" class="indexterm" name="idp10487952"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">0</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">gridlabels=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10492640" class="indexterm" name="idp10492640"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">10pt</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">gridlabelcolor=color</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10497360" class="indexterm" name="idp10497360"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">black</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">subgriddiv=int</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10502080" class="indexterm" name="idp10502080"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">5</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">subgridwidth=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10506768" class="indexterm" name="idp10506768"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">.4pt</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">subgridcolor=color</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10511488" class="indexterm" name="idp10511488"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">gray</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">subgriddots=num</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10516208" class="indexterm" name="idp10516208"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">0</code></p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.10 Plots">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-plots" name=
	"pstricks-plots"></a>4.2.2.10 Plots</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\fileplot*[par]{file}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10522928" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10522928"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\dataplot*[par]{commands}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10526688" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10526688"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\savedata{command}[data]</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10530448" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10530448"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\readdata{command}{file}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10534208" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10534208"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\listplot*[par]{list}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10537952" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10537952"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\psplot*[par]{xmin}{xmax}{function}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10541712" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10541712"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\parametricplot*[par]{tmin}{tmax}{function}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10545488" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10545488"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">plotstyle=style</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10549232" class="indexterm" name="idp10549232"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">line</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">plotpoints=int</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10553952" class="indexterm" name="idp10553952"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">50</code></p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.11 Coordinate systems">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-coordinate" name=
	"pstricks-coordinate"></a>4.2.2.11 Coordinate systems</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">origin={coor}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10561008" class="indexterm" name="idp10561008"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class=
	"literal">0pt,0pt</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">swapaxes=true</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10565728" class="indexterm" name="idp10565728"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">false</code></p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.12 Line styles">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-line-styles" name=
	"pstricks-line-styles"></a>4.2.2.12 Line styles</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">linestyle=style</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10572624" class="indexterm" name="idp10572624"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">solid</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">dash=dim1
	dim2</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10577344" class="indexterm" name="idp10577344"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">5pt
	3pt</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">dotsep=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10582064" class="indexterm" name="idp10582064"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">3pt</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">border=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10586752" class="indexterm" name="idp10586752"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">0pt</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">bordercolor=color</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10591440" class="indexterm" name="idp10591440"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">white</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">doubleline=true/false</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10596160" class="indexterm" name="idp10596160"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">false</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">doublesep=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10600880" class="indexterm" name="idp10600880"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class=
	"literal">1.25\pslinewidth</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">doublecolor=color</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10605600" class="indexterm" name="idp10605600"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">white</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">shadow=true/false</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10610320" class="indexterm" name="idp10610320"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">false</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">shadowsize=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10615040" class="indexterm" name="idp10615040"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">3pt</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">shadowangle=angle</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10619728" class="indexterm" name="idp10619728"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">-45</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">shadowcolor=color</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10624416" class="indexterm" name="idp10624416"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class=
	"literal">darkgray</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">dimen=outer/inner/middle</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10629152" class="indexterm" name="idp10629152"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">outer</code></p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.13 Fill styles">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-fill-styles" name=
	"pstricks-fill-styles"></a>4.2.2.13 Fill styles</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">fillstyle=style</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10636048" class="indexterm" name="idp10636048"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">none</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">fillcolor=color</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10640768" class="indexterm" name="idp10640768"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">white</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">hatchwidth=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10645488" class="indexterm" name="idp10645488"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">.8pt</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">hatchsep=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10650208" class="indexterm" name="idp10650208"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">4pt</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">hatchcolor=color</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10654944" class="indexterm" name="idp10654944"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">black</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">hatchangle=rot</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10659664" class="indexterm" name="idp10659664"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">45</code></p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.14 Arrowheads and such">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-arrowheads" name=
	"pstricks-arrowheads"></a>4.2.2.14 Arrowheads and such</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">arrows=style</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10666624" class="indexterm" name="idp10666624"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">-</code></p>
	<p class="simpara">Arrows: <code class="literal">-, <->,
	>-<, <<->>, >>-<<, \|-\|, \|-\|, [-],
	(-), o-o, -, oo-oo, -, c-c, cc-cc, C-C</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">arrowsize=dim
	num</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10672640" class="indexterm" name="idp10672640"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">2pt 3</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">arrowlength=num</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10677360" class="indexterm" name="idp10677360"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">1.4</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">arrowinset=num</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10682048" class="indexterm" name="idp10682048"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">.4</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">tbarsize=dim
	num</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10686736" class="indexterm" name="idp10686736"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">2pt 5</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">bracketlength=num,
	rbracketlength=num</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10691472" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10691472"></a><a id="idp10693376" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10693376"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">.15</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">dotsize=dim
	num</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10698112" class="indexterm" name="idp10698112"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">.5pt
	2.5</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">arrowscale=num1
	num2</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10702832" class="indexterm" name="idp10702832"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">1</code></p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.15 Custom styles">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-custom" name=
	"pstricks-custom"></a>4.2.2.15 Custom styles</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\newpsobject{name}{object}{par1=value1,...}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10709648" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10709648"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\newpsstyle{name}{par1=value1,...}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10713456" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10713456"></a></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.16 The basics">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-basics" name=
	"pstricks-basics"></a>4.2.2.16 The basics</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pscustom*[par]{commands}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10719232" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10719232"></a></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.17 Parameters">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-parameters" name=
	"pstricks-parameters"></a>4.2.2.17 Parameters</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">linetype=int</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10725200" class="indexterm" name="idp10725200"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">0</code></p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.18 Graphics objects">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-graphics-objects" name=
	"pstricks-graphics-objects"></a>4.2.2.18 Graphics objects</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">liftpen=0/1/2</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10732144" class="indexterm" name="idp10732144"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Default: <code class="literal">0</code></p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.19 Safe tricks">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="safe-tricks" name=
	"safe-tricks"></a>4.2.2.19 Safe tricks</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\newpath</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10738960" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10738960"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\moveto(coor)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10742704" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10742704"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\closepath</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10746448" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10746448"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\stroke[par]</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10750192" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10750192"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\fill[par]</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10753936" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10753936"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\gsave</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10757680" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10757680"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\grestore</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10761424" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10761424"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\translate(coor)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10765168" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10765168"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">\scale{num1
	num2}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10768912" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10768912"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\rotate{angle}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10772656" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10772656"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\swapaxes</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10776400" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10776400"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\msave</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10780144" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10780144"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\mrestore</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10783888" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10783888"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\openshadow[par]</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10787632" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10787632"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\closedshadow[par]</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10791376" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10791376"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\movepath(coor)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10795120" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10795120"></a></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.20 Pretty safe tricks">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pretty-safe-tricks" name=
	"pretty-safe-tricks"></a>4.2.2.20 Pretty safe tricks</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\lineto(coor)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10800848" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10800848"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\rlineto(coor)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10804592" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10804592"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\curveto(x1,y1)(x2,y2)(x3,y3)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10808352" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10808352"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\rcurveto(x1,y1)(x2,y2)(x3,y3)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10812112" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10812112"></a></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.21 For hackers only">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="hackers" name="hackers"></a>4.2.2.21 For
	hackers only</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\code{code}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10818000" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10818000"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\dim{dim}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10821744" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10821744"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\coor(x1,y1)(x2,y2)...(xn,yn)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10825504" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10825504"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\rcoor(x1,y1)(x2,y2)...(xn,yn)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10829264" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10829264"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\file{file}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10833008" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10833008"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\arrows{arrows}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10836752" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10836752"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\setcolor{color}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10840496" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10840496"></a></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.22 Pictures">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pictures" name="pictures"></a>4.2.2.22
	Pictures</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pspicture*[baseline](x0,y0)(x1,y1)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10846400" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10846400"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\endpspicture</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10850144" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10850144"></a></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title=
	"4.2.2.23 Placing and rotating whatever">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="placing" name="placing"></a>4.2.2.23
	Placing and rotating whatever</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\rput*[refpoint]{rotation}(x,y){stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10856016" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10856016"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\uput*{labelsep}[refangle]{rotation}(x,y){stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10859792" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10859792"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pslabelsep</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10863536" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10863536"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">labelsep=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10867280" class="indexterm" name="idp10867280"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">5pt</code></p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.24 Repetition">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-repetition" name=
	"pstricks-repetition"></a>4.2.2.24 Repetition</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\multirput*[refpoint]{angle}(x0,y0)(x1,y1){int}{stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10874352" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10874352"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\multips{angle}(x0,y0)(x1,y1){int}{graphics}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10878128" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10878128"></a></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.25 Axes">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-axes" name=
	"pstricks-axes"></a>4.2.2.25 Axes</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp10882176" class="indexterm" name="idp10882176"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\psaxes*[par]{arrows}(x0,y0)(x1,y1)(x2,y2)</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="informaltable">
	<table border="0">
	<colgroup>
	<col align="left" />
	<col align="left" />
	<col align="left" />
	<col align="justify" /></colgroup>
	<tbody>
	<tr>
	<td align="left"><span class=
	"emphasis"><em>Horizontal</em></span></td>
	<td align="left"><span class=
	"emphasis"><em>Vertical</em></span></td>
	<td align="left"><span class="emphasis"><em>Dflt</em></span></td>
	<td align="justify"><span class=
	"emphasis"><em>Description</em></span></td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">Ox=num</td>
	<td align="left">Oy=num</td>
	<td align="left">0</td>
	<td align="justify">Label at origin.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">Dx=num</td>
	<td align="left">Dy=num</td>
	<td align="left">1</td>
	<td align="justify">Label increment.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">dx=dim</td>
	<td align="left">oy=dim</td>
	<td align="left">0pt</td>
	<td align="justify">Dist btwn labels.</td>
	</tr>
	</tbody>
	</table>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">labels=all/x/y/none</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10902272" class="indexterm" name="idp10902272"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">all</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">showorigin=true/false</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10907184" class="indexterm" name="idp10907184"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">true</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">ticks=all/x/y/none</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10912032" class="indexterm" name="idp10912032"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">all</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">tickstyle=full/top/bottom</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10916864" class="indexterm" name="idp10916864"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">full</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">ticksize=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10921760" class="indexterm" name="idp10921760"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">3pt</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">\psxlabel,
	\psylabel</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10926624" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10926624"></a><a id="idp10928528" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10928528"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">axesstyle=axes/frame/none</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10932336" class="indexterm" name="idp10932336"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">axes</code></p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.26 Framed boxes">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-framed" name=
	"pstricks-framed"></a>4.2.2.26 Framed boxes</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">framesep=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10939376" class="indexterm" name="idp10939376"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">3pt</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">boxsep=true/false</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10944192" class="indexterm" name="idp10944192"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">true</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\psframebox*[par]{stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10949104" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10949104"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\psdblframebox*[par]{stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10952912" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10952912"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\psshadowbox*[par]{stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10956672" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10956672"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pscirclebox*[par]{stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10960432" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10960432"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\cput*[par]{angle}(x,y){stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10964192" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10964192"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\psovalbox*[par]{stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10967984" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10967984"></a></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.27 Clipping">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-clipping" name=
	"pstricks-clipping"></a>4.2.2.27 Clipping</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\clipbox[dim]{stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10973760" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10973760"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">\psclip{graphics} ...
	\endpsclip</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10977520" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10977520"></a></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.28 Rotation and scaling boxes">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-rotation" name=
	"pstricks-rotation"></a>4.2.2.28 Rotation and scaling boxes</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\rotateleft{stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10983360" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10983360"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\rotateright{stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10987104" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10987104"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\rotatedown{stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10990848" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10990848"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">\scalebox{num1
	num2}{stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10994656" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10994656"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\scaleboxto(x,y){stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp10998400" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp10998400"></a></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.29 Nodes">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-nodes" name=
	"pstricks-nodes"></a>4.2.2.29 Nodes</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\rnode[refpoint]{name}{stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11004144" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11004144"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\Rnode(x,y){name}{stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11007904" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11007904"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\RnodeRef</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11011648" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11011648"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pnode(x,y){name}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11015392" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11015392"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\cnode*[par](x,y){radius}{name}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11019152" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11019152"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\circlenode*[par]{name}{stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11022912" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11022912"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\cnodeput*[par]{angle}(x,y){name}{stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11026688" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11026688"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\ovalnode*[par]{name}{stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11030448" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11030448"></a></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.30 Node connections">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-connections" name=
	"pstricks-connections"></a>4.2.2.30 Node connections</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">nodesep=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11036352" class="indexterm" name="idp11036352"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">0</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">offset=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11041216" class="indexterm" name="idp11041216"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">0</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">arm=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11046032" class="indexterm" name="idp11046032"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">10pt</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">angle=angle</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11050848" class="indexterm" name="idp11050848"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">0</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">arcangle=angle</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11055712" class="indexterm" name="idp11055712"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">8</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">ncurv=num</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11060528" class="indexterm" name="idp11060528"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">.67</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">loopsize=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11065440" class="indexterm" name="idp11065440"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">1cm</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\ncline*[par]{arrows}{nodeA}{nodeB}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11070272" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11070272"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\ncLine*[par]{arrows}{nodeA}{nodeB}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11074032" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11074032"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\nccurve*[par]{arrows}{nodeA}{nodeB}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11077792" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11077792"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\ncarc*[par]{arrows}{nodeA}{nodeB}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11081552" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11081552"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\ncbar*[par]{arrows}{nodeA}{nodeB}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11085312" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11085312"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\ncdiag*[par]{arrows}{nodeA}{nodeB}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11089120" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11089120"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\ncdiagg*[par]{arrows}{nodeA}{nodeB}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11092880" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11092880"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\ncangle*[par]{arrows}{nodeA}{nodeB}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11096640" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11096640"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\ncangles*[par]{arrows}{nodeA}{nodeB}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11100400" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11100400"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\ncloop*[par]{arrows}{nodeA}{nodeB}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11104160" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11104160"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\nccircle*[par]{arrows}{node}{radius}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11107920" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11107920"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pcline*[par]{arrows}(x1,y1)(x2,y2)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11111728" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11111728"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pccurve*[par]{arrows}(x1,y1)(x2,y2)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11115488" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11115488"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pcarc*[par]{arrows}(x1,y1)(x2,y2)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11119248" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11119248"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pcbar*[par]{arrows}(x1,y1)(x2,y2)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11123008" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11123008"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pcdiag*[par]{arrows}(x1,y1)(x2,y2)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11126768" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11126768"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pcangle*[par]{arrows}(x1,y1)(x2,y2)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11130528" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11130528"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pcloop*[par]{arrows}(x1,y1)(x2,y2)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11134288" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11134288"></a></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title=
	"4.2.2.31 Attaching labels to node connections">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-attaching" name=
	"pstricks-attaching"></a>4.2.2.31 Attaching labels to node
	connections</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\lput*[refpoint]{rotation}(pos){stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11140336" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11140336"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\aput*[labelsep]{angle}(pos){stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11144096" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11144096"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\bput*[labelsep]{angle}(pos){stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11147856" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11147856"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\mput*[refpoint]{stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11151600" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11151600"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\Aput*[labelsep]{stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11155344" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11155344"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\Bput*[labelsep]{stuff}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11159088" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11159088"></a></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.32 Coils and zigzags">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-coils" name=
	"pstricks-coils"></a>4.2.2.32 Coils and zigzags</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pscoil*[par]{arrows}(x0,y0)(x1,y1)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11164944" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11164944"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\psCoil*[par]{angle1}{angle2}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11168704" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11168704"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pszigzag*[par]{arrows}(x0,y0)(x1,y1)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11172464" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11172464"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">coilwidth=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11176208" class="indexterm" name="idp11176208"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">1cm</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">coilheight=num</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11181024" class="indexterm" name="idp11181024"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">1</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">coilarm=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11185840" class="indexterm" name="idp11185840"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">.5cm</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">coilaspect=angle</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11190736" class="indexterm" name="idp11190736"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">45</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">coilinc=angle</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11195552" class="indexterm" name="idp11195552"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">10</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\nccoil*[par]{arrows}{nodeA}{nodeB}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11200432" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11200432"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\nczigzag*[par]{arrows}{nodeA}{nodeB}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11204192" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11204192"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pccoil*[par]{arrows}(x1,y1)(x2,y2)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11208000" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11208000"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pczigzag*[par]{arrows}(x1,y1)(x2,y2)</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11211760" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11211760"></a></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.33 Special coordinates">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-coordinates" name=
	"pstricks-coordinates"></a>4.2.2.33 Special coordinates</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<p><code class="literal">\SpecialCoor</code></p>
	<a id="idp11216848" class="indexterm" name="idp11216848"></a>
	<div class="table"><a id="table-special-coordinates" name=
	"table-special-coordinates"></a>
	<p class="title"><strong>Table 1.12. Special coordinates
	and angles</strong></p>
	<div class="table-contents">
	<table summary="Special coordinates and angles" border="0">
	<colgroup>
	<col align="left" />
	<col align="left" />
	<col align="justify" /></colgroup>
	<tbody>
	<tr>
	<td align="left"><span class=
	"emphasis"><em>Coordinate</em></span></td>
	<td align="left"><span class=
	"emphasis"><em>Example</em></span></td>
	<td align="justify"><span class=
	"emphasis"><em>Description</em></span></td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">(x,y)</td>
	<td align="left">(3,4)</td>
	<td align="justify">Cartesian coordinate.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">(r;a)</td>
	<td align="left">(3;110)</td>
	<td align="justify">Polar coordinate.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">(node)</td>
	<td align="left">(A)</td>
	<td align="justify">Center of node.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">([par]node)</td>
	<td align="left">([angle=45]A)</td>
	<td align="justify">Relative to node.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">(!ps)</td>
	<td align="left">(!5 3.3 2 exp)</td>
	<td align="justify">Raw PostScript.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">(coor1\|coor2)</td>
	<td align="left">(A\|1in;30)</td>
	<td align="justify">Combination.</td>
	</tr>
	</tbody>
	</table>
	<table summary="Special coordinates and angles" border="0">
	<colgroup>
	<col align="left" />
	<col align="left" />
	<col align="justify" /></colgroup>
	<tbody>
	<tr>
	<td align="left"> </td>
	<td class="auto-generated"> </td>
	<td class="auto-generated"> </td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left"><span class="emphasis"><em>Angle</em></span></td>
	<td align="left"><span class=
	"emphasis"><em>Example</em></span></td>
	<td align="justify"><span class=
	"emphasis"><em>Description</em></span></td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">num</td>
	<td align="left">45</td>
	<td align="justify">Angle.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">(coor)</td>
	<td align="left">(-1,1)</td>
	<td align="justify">Coordinate (vector).</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">!ps</td>
	<td align="left">!33 sqrt</td>
	<td align="justify">Raw PostScript.</td>
	</tr>
	</tbody>
	</table>
	</div>
	</div>
	<br class="table-break" />
	<p><code class="literal">\NormalCoor</code></p>
	<a id="idp11251264" class="indexterm" name="idp11251264"></a></div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.34 Overlays">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-overlays" name=
	"pstricks-overlays"></a>4.2.2.34 Overlays</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">\overlaybox
	stuff\endoverlaybox</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11256768" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11256768"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\psoverlay{string}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11260512" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11260512"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\putoverlaybox{string}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11264304" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11264304"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">gradbegin=color</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11268048" class="indexterm" name="idp11268048"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">gradbegin</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">gradend=color</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11272896" class="indexterm" name="idp11272896"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">gradend</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">gradlines=int</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11277744" class="indexterm" name="idp11277744"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">500</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">gradmidpoint=num</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11282608" class="indexterm" name="idp11282608"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">.9</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">gradangle=angle</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11287472" class="indexterm" name="idp11287472"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">0</code></p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title=
	"4.2.2.35 Typesetting text along a path">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-path" name=
	"pstricks-path"></a>4.2.2.35 Typesetting text along a path</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pstextpath[pos](x,y){graphics
	object}{text}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11294528" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11294528"></a></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title=
	"4.2.2.36 Stroking and filling character paths">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-stroking" name=
	"pstricks-stroking"></a>4.2.2.36 Stroking and filling character
	paths</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pscharpath*[par]{text}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11300480" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11300480"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pscharclip*[par]{text} ...
	\endpscharclip</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11304304" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11304304"></a></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.37 Exporting EPS files">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-exporting" name=
	"pstricks-exporting"></a>4.2.2.37 Exporting EPS files</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">\TeXtoEPS ...
	\endTeXtoEPS</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11310240" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11310240"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\PSTtoEPS[par]{file}{graphics objects}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11314000" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11314000"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">bbllx=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11317744" class="indexterm" name="idp11317744"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">-1pt</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">bblly=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11322592" class="indexterm" name="idp11322592"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">-1pt</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">bburx=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11327440" class="indexterm" name="idp11327440"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">1pt</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">bbury=dim</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11332304" class="indexterm" name="idp11332304"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">1pt</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">headerfile=file</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11337120" class="indexterm" name="idp11337120"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">s</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">headers=none/all/user</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11341936" class="indexterm" name="idp11341936"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">none</code></p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.38 Boxes">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-boxes" name=
	"pstricks-boxes"></a>4.2.2.38 Boxes</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">\psmathboxtrue,
	\psmathboxfalse</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11348944" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11348944"></a><a id="idp11350848" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11350848"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\everypsbox{commands}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11354592" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11354592"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">\pslongbox{name}{cmd}</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11358336" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11358336"></a></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">\psverbboxtrue,
	\psverbboxfalse</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11362096" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11362096"></a><a id="idp11364000" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11364000"></a></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2.2.39 Tips and More Tricks">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="pstricks-tricks" name=
	"pstricks-tricks"></a>4.2.2.39 Tips and More Tricks</h5>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">\pslbrace,
	\psrbrace</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11369824" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11369824"></a><a id="idp11371728" class="indexterm" name=
	"idp11371728"></a></dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title=
	"4.2.3 List of Additional PSTricks Packages">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="pstricks-add-packages" name=
	"pstricks-add-packages"></a>4.2.3 List of Additional PSTricks
	Packages</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><a class="ulink" href=
	"ftp://ftp.dante.de/pub/tex/graphics/pstricks/contrib/psgo/"
	target="_top"><code class="literal">psgo</code></a></span></dt>
	<dd>Draw Go diagrams</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><a class="ulink" href=
	"ftp://ftp.dante.de/pub/tex/graphics/pstricks/contrib/pst-blur/"
	target="_top"><code class="literal">pst-blur</code></a></span></dt>
	<dd>PSTricks package for "blurred" shadows</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><a class="ulink" href=
	"http://dominique.rodriguez.9online.fr/pst-eucl/" target=
	"_top"><code class="literal">pst-euc</code></a></span></dt>
	<dd>Géométrie en LaTeX et PSTricks</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><a class="ulink" href=
	"http://www.tug.org/applications/PSTricks/More/pst-fr3d.tar.gz"
	target="_top"><code class="literal">pst-fr3d</code></a></span></dt>
	<dd>Three dimensional framed Boxes</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><a class="ulink" href=
	"ftp://ftp.dante.de/pub/tex/graphics/pstricks/contrib/pst-ghsb/"
	target="_top"><code class="literal">pst-ghsb</code></a></span></dt>
	<dd>PSTricks package for HSB Gradients</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><a class="ulink" href=
	"ftp://ftp.dante.de/pub/tex/graphics/pstricks/contrib/pst-gr3d/"
	target="_top"><code class="literal">pst-gr3d</code></a></span></dt>
	<dd>PSTricks package for 3D grids</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><a class="ulink" href=
	"http://members.aol.com/ManuelLuque2/optique.htm" target=
	"_top"><code class="literal">pst-lens</code></a></span></dt>
	<dd>Optique géométrique</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><a class="ulink" href=
	"ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/graphics/pstricks/generic/" target=
	"_top"><code class="literal">pst-node</code></a></span></dt>
	<dd>PSTricks package for nodes</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><a class="ulink" href=
	"http://members.aol.com/Mluque5130/pst-ob3d.tar.gz" target=
	"_top"><code class="literal">pst-ob3d</code></a></span></dt>
	<dd>A PSTricks package for three dimensional basic objects</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><a class="ulink" href=
	"http://www.tug.org/applications/PSTricks/Physics/Oscilloscopes/"
	target="_top"><code class="literal">pst-osci</code></a></span></dt>
	<dd>Oscilloscopes with PSTricks</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><a class="ulink" href=
	"ftp://ftp.dante.de/pub/tex/graphics/pstricks/contrib/pst-poly/"
	target="_top"><code class="literal">pst-poly</code></a></span></dt>
	<dd>Polygons with PSTricks</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><a class="ulink" href=
	"ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/graphics/pstricks/generic/" target=
	"_top"><code class="literal">pst-tree</code></a></span></dt>
	<dd>PSTricks package for trees</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><a class="ulink" href=
	"http://www.ensta.fr/~diam/latex/pst-uml/" target=
	"_top"><code class="literal">pst-uml</code></a></span></dt>
	<dd>Draw easily diagrams with UML notation</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><a class="ulink" href=
	"http://perso.enst.fr/~lombardy/Vauc/" target="_top"><code class=
	"literal">vaucansom.sty</code></a></span></dt>
	<dd>Drawing automata</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="5 fontinst (tbd.)">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="fontinst" name=
	"fontinst"></a>5 <code class="filename">fontinst</code> (tbd.)</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11414640" class="indexterm" name="idp11414640"></a>
	<p>tbd.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="6 ConTeXt (tbd.)">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="context" name=
	"context"></a>6 ConTeXt (tbd.)</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11417680" class="indexterm" name="idp11417680"></a><a id=
	"idp11418688" class="indexterm" name="idp11418688"></a>
	<div class="section" title="6.1 Overview">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="context-ovw" name="context-ovw"></a>6.1
	Overview</h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<p>ConTeXt is based on PlainTeX and MetaPost and gets controlled
	with some Perl scripts. It's mainly targeted towards layout
	oriented users and especially useful for presentations. It's
	extensible by the use of modules and has in it's base distribution
	already a large amount of functionality. The preferred output
	format is PDF, but DVI is possible too.</p>
	<p>Some of the unique features of ConTeXt are:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Inline XML (including MathML, ChemML, and
	PhysML)</li>
	<li class="listitem">really good XML support in general</li>
	<li class="listitem">inline MetaPost</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="7 Texinfo (tbd.)">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="texinfo" name=
	"texinfo"></a>7 Texinfo (tbd.)</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11428560" class="indexterm" name="idp11428560"></a>
	<p>tbd.</p>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div xml:lang="en" class="chapter" title=
	"Chapter 2. pdfTeX" lang="en">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title"><a id="pdftex" name=
	"pdftex"></a>Chapter 2. pdfTeX</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="toc">
	<p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-options">1
	Options</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#pdftex-option-file-line-error-style">1.1 <code class=
	"filename">--file-line-error-style</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-option-fmt">1.2
	<code class="filename">--fmt format</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-option-help">1.3
	<code class="filename">--help</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-option-ini">1.4
	<code class="filename">--ini</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#pdftex-option-interaction-mode">1.5 <code class=
	"filename">--interaction mode</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-option-ipc">1.6
	<code class="filename">--ipc</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-option-ipc-start">1.7
	<code class="filename">--ipc-start</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-option-jobname-name">1.8
	<code class="filename">--jobname name</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#pdftex-option-kpathsea-debug">1.9 <code class=
	"filename">--kpathsea-debug bitmask</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-option-maketex">1.10
	<code class="filename">--maketex fmt</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-option-no-maketex">1.11
	<code class="filename">--no-maketex fmt</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#pdftex-option-output-comment">1.12 <code class=
	"filename">--output-comment string</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#pdftex-option-parse-first-line">1.13 <code class=
	"filename">--parse-first-line</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-option-progname">1.14
	<code class="filename">--progname name</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-option-recorder">1.15
	<code class="filename">--recorder</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#pdftex-option-shell-escape">1.16 <code class=
	"filename">--shell-escape</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#pdftex-option-translate-file">1.17 <code class=
	"filename">--translate-file tcxname</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-option-version">1.18
	<code class="filename">--version</code></a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#pdftex-environment">2
	Environment</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11432784" class="indexterm" name="idp11432784"></a>
	<div class="note" title="Note" style=
	"margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
	<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
	<p>The contents of this section was taken from <code class=
	"filename">pdftex(1)</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1 Options">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="pdftex-options" name=
	"pdftex-options"></a>1 Options</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11436624" class="indexterm" name="idp11436624"></a>
	<p>pdfTeX understands the following command line options.</p>
	<div class="section" title="1.1 --file-line-error-style">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="pdftex-option-file-line-error-style" name=
	"pdftex-option-file-line-error-style"></a>1.1 <code class=
	"filename">--file-line-error-style</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11440816" class="indexterm" name="idp11440816"></a>
	<p>Print error messages in the form <code class=
	"literal">file:line:error</code> which is similar to the way many
	compilers format them.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.2 --fmt format">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="pdftex-option-fmt" name=
	"pdftex-option-fmt"></a>1.2 <code class="filename">--fmt
	format</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11445776" class="indexterm" name="idp11445776"></a>
	<p>Use <code class="literal">format</code> as the name of the
	format to be used, instead of the name by which pdfTeX was called
	or a <code class="literal">%&</code> line.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.3 --help">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="pdftex-option-help" name=
	"pdftex-option-help"></a>1.3 <code class=
	"filename">--help</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11452096" class="indexterm" name="idp11452096"></a>
	<p>Print help message and exit.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.4 --ini">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="pdftex-option-ini" name=
	"pdftex-option-ini"></a>1.4 <code class=
	"filename">--ini</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11456384" class="indexterm" name="idp11456384"></a>
	<p>Be <span class="command"><strong>pdfinitex</strong></span>, for
	dumping formats; this is implicitly true if the program is called
	as <span class="command"><strong>pdfinitex</strong></span>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.5 --interaction mode">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="pdftex-option-interaction-mode" name=
	"pdftex-option-interaction-mode"></a>1.5 <code class=
	"filename">--interaction mode</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11462112" class="indexterm" name="idp11462112"></a>
	<p>Sets the interaction mode. The mode can be one of <code class=
	"literal">batchmode</code>, <code class=
	"literal">nonstopmode</code>, <code class=
	"literal">scrollmode</code>, and <code class=
	"literal">errorstopmode</code>. The meaning of these modes is the
	same as that of the corresponding <code class=
	"literal">\commands</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.6 --ipc">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="pdftex-option-ipc" name=
	"pdftex-option-ipc"></a>1.6 <code class=
	"filename">--ipc</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11469856" class="indexterm" name="idp11469856"></a>
	<p>Send DVI or PDF output to a socket as well as the usual output
	file. Whether this option is available is the choice of the
	installer.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.7 --ipc-start">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="pdftex-option-ipc-start" name=
	"pdftex-option-ipc-start"></a>1.7 <code class=
	"filename">--ipc-start</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11474208" class="indexterm" name="idp11474208"></a>
	<p>As <code class="literal">--ipc</code>, and starts the server at
	the other end as well. Whether this option is available is the
	choice of the installer.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.8 --jobname name">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="pdftex-option-jobname-name" name=
	"pdftex-option-jobname-name"></a>1.8 <code class=
	"filename">--jobname name</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11479360" class="indexterm" name="idp11479360"></a>
	<p>Use <code class="literal">name</code> for the job name, instead
	of deriving it from the name of the input file.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.9 --kpathsea-debug bitmask">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="pdftex-option-kpathsea-debug" name=
	"pdftex-option-kpathsea-debug"></a>1.9 <code class=
	"filename">--kpathsea-debug bitmask</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11484304" class="indexterm" name="idp11484304"></a>
	<p>Sets path searching debugging flags according to the
	<code class="literal">bitmask</code>. See the Kpathsea manual for
	details.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.10 --maketex fmt">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="pdftex-option-maketex" name=
	"pdftex-option-maketex"></a>1.10 <code class="filename">--maketex
	fmt</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11489376" class="indexterm" name="idp11489376"></a>
	<p>Enable <span class="command"><strong>mktexfmt</strong></span>,
	where <code class="literal">fmt</code> must be one of <code class=
	"literal">tex</code> or <code class="literal">tfm</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.11 --no-maketex fmt">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="pdftex-option-no-maketex" name=
	"pdftex-option-no-maketex"></a>1.11 <code class=
	"filename">--no-maketex fmt</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11496608" class="indexterm" name="idp11496608"></a>
	<p>Disable <span class="command"><strong>mktexfmt</strong></span>,
	where <code class="literal">fmt</code> must be one of <code class=
	"literal">tex</code> or <code class="literal">tfm</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.12 --output-comment string">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="pdftex-option-output-comment" name=
	"pdftex-option-output-comment"></a>1.12 <code class=
	"filename">--output-comment string</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11503648" class="indexterm" name="idp11503648"></a>
	<p>Use <code class="literal">string</code> for the DVI file comment
	instead of the date.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.13 --parse-first-line">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="pdftex-option-parse-first-line" name=
	"pdftex-option-parse-first-line"></a>1.13 <code class=
	"filename">--parse-first-line</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11508704" class="indexterm" name="idp11508704"></a>
	<p>If the first line of the main input file begins with
	<code class="literal">%&</code> parse it to look for a dump
	name or a <code class="literal">--translate-file</code> option.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.14 --progname name">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="pdftex-option-progname" name=
	"pdftex-option-progname"></a>1.14 <code class="filename">--progname
	name</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11514432" class="indexterm" name="idp11514432"></a>
	<p>Pretend to be program <code class="literal">name</code>. This
	affects both the format used and the search paths.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.15 --recorder">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="pdftex-option-recorder" name=
	"pdftex-option-recorder"></a>1.15 <code class=
	"filename">--recorder</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11519424" class="indexterm" name="idp11519424"></a>
	<p>Enable the filename recorder. This leaves a trace of the files
	opened for input and output in a file with extension <code class=
	"literal">.fls</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.16 --shell-escape">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="pdftex-option-shell-escape" name=
	"pdftex-option-shell-escape"></a>1.16 <code class=
	"filename">--shell-escape</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11524592" class="indexterm" name="idp11524592"></a>
	<p>Enable the <code class="literal">\write18{command}</code>
	construct. The command can be any Bourne shell command. This
	construct is normally disallowed for security reasons.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.17 --translate-file tcxname">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="pdftex-option-translate-file" name=
	"pdftex-option-translate-file"></a>1.17 <code class=
	"filename">--translate-file tcxname</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11529696" class="indexterm" name="idp11529696"></a>
	<p>Use the <code class="literal">tcxname</code> translation
	table.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.18 --version">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="pdftex-option-version" name=
	"pdftex-option-version"></a>1.18 <code class=
	"filename">--version</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11534720" class="indexterm" name="idp11534720"></a>
	<p>Print version information and exit.</p>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2 Environment">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="pdftex-environment"
	name="pdftex-environment"></a>2 Environment</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11538416" class="indexterm" name="idp11538416"></a>
	<p>See the Kpathsearch library documentation (the `Path
	specifications' node) for the details of how the environment
	variables are used when searching. The <span class=
	"command"><strong>kpsewhich</strong></span> utility can be used to
	query the values of the variables.</p>
	<p>One caveat: In most pdfTeX formats, you cannot use ~ in a
	filename you give directly to pdfTeX, because ~ is an active
	character, and hence is expanded, not taken as part of the
	filename. Other programs, such as Metafont, do not have this
	problem.</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">TEXMFOUTPUT</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11544928" class="indexterm" name="idp11544928"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Normally, pdfTeX puts its output files in the
	current directory. If any output file cannot be opened there, it
	tries to open it in the directory specified in the environment
	variable <code class="literal">TEXMFOUTPUT</code>. There is no
	default value for that variable. For example, if you say
	<span class="command"><strong>pdftex paper</strong></span> and the
	current directory is not writable, if <code class=
	"literal">TEXMFOUTPUT</code> has the value <code class=
	"literal">/tmp</code>, pdfTeX attempts to create <code class=
	"literal">/tmp/paper.log</code> (and <code class=
	"literal">/tmp/paper.pdf</code>, if any output is produced.)</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">TEXINPUTS</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11555008" class="indexterm" name="idp11555008"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Search path for <code class=
	"literal">\input</code> and <code class="literal">\openin</code>
	files. This should probably start with ``.'', so that user files
	are found before system files. An empty path component will be
	replaced with the paths defined in the <code class=
	"filename">texmf.cnf</code> file. For example, set <code class=
	"literal">TEXINPUTS</code> to <code class=
	"literal">".:/home/usr/tex:"</code> to prepend the current direcory
	and <code class="literal">``/home/user/tex''</code> to the standard
	search path.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">TEXFONTS</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11563792" class="indexterm" name="idp11563792"></a>
	<p class="simpara">earch path for font metric (<code class=
	"literal">.tfm</code>) files.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">TEXFORMATS</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11568720" class="indexterm" name="idp11568720"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Search path for format files.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">TEXPOOL</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11572928" class="indexterm" name="idp11572928"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Search path for <span class=
	"command"><strong>pdfinitex</strong></span> internal strings.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">TEXEDIT</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11577856" class="indexterm" name="idp11577856"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Command template for switching to editor. The
	default, usually <span class="command"><strong>vi</strong></span>,
	is set when pdfTeX is compiled.</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div xml:lang="en" class="chapter" title=
	"Chapter 3. Metafont (tbd.)" lang="en">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title"><a id="metafont" name=
	"metafont"></a>Chapter 3. Metafont (tbd.)</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11584672" class="indexterm" name="idp11584672"></a>
	<p>tbd.</p>
	</div>
	<div xml:lang="en" class="chapter" title=
	"Chapter 4. MetaPost" lang="en">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title"><a id="metapost" name=
	"metapost"></a>Chapter 4. MetaPost</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="toc">
	<p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#metapost-options">1
	Options</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#metapost-option-file-line-error-style">1.1 <code class=
	"filename">--file-line-error-style</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#metapost-option-help">1.2
	<code class="filename">--help</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#metapost-option-ini">1.3
	<code class="filename">--ini</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#metapost-option-intercation">1.4 <code class=
	"filename">--interaction mode</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#metapost-option-jobname">1.5
	<code class="filename">--jobname name</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#metapost-option-kpathsea-debug">1.6 <code class=
	"filename">--kpathsea-debug bitmask</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#metapost-option-mem">1.7
	<code class="filename">--mem mem</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#metapost-option-parse-first-line">1.8 <code class=
	"filename">--parse-first-line</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#metapost-option-progname">1.9
	<code class="filename">--progname name</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#metapost-option-recorder">1.10
	<code class="filename">--recorder</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#metapost-option-T">1.11
	<code class="filename">-T</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#metapost-option-translate-file">1.12 <code class=
	"filename">--translate-file tcxname</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#metapost-option-troff">1.13
	<code class="filename">--troff</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#metapost-option-version">1.14
	<code class="filename">--version</code></a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#metapost-environment">2
	Environment</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11588048" class="indexterm" name="idp11588048"></a>
	<div class="note" title="Note" style=
	"margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
	<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
	<p>The contents of this section was taken from <code class=
	"filename">mpost(1)</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<p>MetaPost is a programming language much like Knuth's Metafont
	except that it outputs PostScript programs instead of bitmaps.
	Borrowed from Metafont are the basic tools for creating and
	manipulating pictures. These include numbers, coordinate pairs,
	cubic splines, affine transformations, text strings, and boolean
	quantities. Additional features facilitate integrating text and
	graphics and accessing special features of PostScript such as
	clipping, shading, and dashed lines. Another feature borrowed from
	Metafont is the ability to solve linear equations that are given
	implicitly, thus allowing many programs to be written in a largely
	declarative style. By building complex operations from simpler
	ones, MetaPost achieves both power and exibility.</p>
	<div class="section" title="1 Options">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="metapost-options"
	name="metapost-options"></a>1 Options</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11593248" class="indexterm" name="idp11593248"></a>
	<p>MetaPost understands the following command line options.</p>
	<div class="section" title="1.1 --file-line-error-style">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="metapost-option-file-line-error-style"
	name="metapost-option-file-line-error-style"></a>1.1 <code class=
	"filename">--file-line-error-style</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11597104" class="indexterm" name="idp11597104"></a>
	<p>Print error messages in the form <code class=
	"literal">file:line:error</code> which is similar to the way many
	compilers format them.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.2 --help">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="metapost-option-help" name=
	"metapost-option-help"></a>1.2 <code class=
	"filename">--help</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11602064" class="indexterm" name="idp11602064"></a>
	<p>Print help message and exit.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.3 --ini">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="metapost-option-ini" name=
	"metapost-option-ini"></a>1.3 <code class=
	"filename">--ini</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11606304" class="indexterm" name="idp11606304"></a>
	<p>Be <span class="command"><strong>inimpost</strong></span>, for
	dumping bases; this is implicitly true if the program is called as
	<span class="command"><strong>inimpost</strong></span>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.4 --interaction mode">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="metapost-option-intercation" name=
	"metapost-option-intercation"></a>1.4 <code class=
	"filename">--interaction mode</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11612032" class="indexterm" name="idp11612032"></a>
	<p>Sets the interaction mode. The mode can be one of <code class=
	"literal">batchmode</code>, <code class=
	"literal">nonstopmode</code>, <code class=
	"literal">scrollmode</code>, and <code class=
	"literal">errorstopmode</code>. The meaning of these modes is the
	same as that of the corresponding commands.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.5 --jobname name">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="metapost-option-jobname" name=
	"metapost-option-jobname"></a>1.5 <code class="filename">--jobname
	name</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11619200" class="indexterm" name="idp11619200"></a>
	<p>Use <code class="literal">name</code> for the job name, instead
	of deriving it from the name of the input file.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.6 --kpathsea-debug bitmask">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="metapost-option-kpathsea-debug" name=
	"metapost-option-kpathsea-debug"></a>1.6 <code class=
	"filename">--kpathsea-debug bitmask</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11624256" class="indexterm" name="idp11624256"></a>
	<p>Sets path searching debugging flags according to the
	<code class="literal">bitmask</code>. See the Kpathsea manual for
	details.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.7 --mem mem">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="metapost-option-mem" name=
	"metapost-option-mem"></a>1.7 <code class="filename">--mem
	mem</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11629312" class="indexterm" name="idp11629312"></a>
	<p>Use <code class="literal">mem</code> as the name of the mem to
	be used, instead of the name by which MetaPost was called or a
	<code class="literal">%&</code> line.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.8 --parse-first-line">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="metapost-option-parse-first-line" name=
	"metapost-option-parse-first-line"></a>1.8 <code class=
	"filename">--parse-first-line</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11635168" class="indexterm" name="idp11635168"></a>
	<p>If the first line of the main input file begins with
	<code class="literal">%&</code> parse it to look for a dump
	name or a <code class="literal">--translate-file</code> option.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.9 --progname name">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="metapost-option-progname" name=
	"metapost-option-progname"></a>1.9 <code class=
	"filename">--progname name</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11640976" class="indexterm" name="idp11640976"></a>
	<p>Pretend to be program <code class="literal">name</code>. This
	affects both the format used and the search paths.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.10 --recorder">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="metapost-option-recorder" name=
	"metapost-option-recorder"></a>1.10 <code class=
	"filename">--recorder</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11645920" class="indexterm" name="idp11645920"></a>
	<p>Enable the filename recorder. This leaves a trace of the files
	opened for input and output in a file with extension <code class=
	"literal">.fls.</code></p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.11 -T">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="metapost-option-T" name=
	"metapost-option-T"></a>1.11 <code class="filename">-T</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11650768" class="indexterm" name="idp11650768"></a>
	<p>Produce TROFF output.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.12 --translate-file tcxname">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="metapost-option-translate-file" name=
	"metapost-option-translate-file"></a>1.12 <code class=
	"filename">--translate-file tcxname</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11655008" class="indexterm" name="idp11655008"></a>
	<p>Use the <code class="literal">tcxname</code> translation
	table.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.13 --troff">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="metapost-option-troff" name=
	"metapost-option-troff"></a>1.13 <code class=
	"filename">--troff</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11659968" class="indexterm" name="idp11659968"></a>
	<p>As -T.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.14 --version">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="metapost-option-version" name=
	"metapost-option-version"></a>1.14 <code class=
	"filename">--version</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11664192" class="indexterm" name="idp11664192"></a>
	<p>Print version information and exit.</p>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2 Environment">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="metapost-environment"
	name="metapost-environment"></a>2 Environment</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11667936" class="indexterm" name="idp11667936"></a>
	<p>See the Kpathsearch library documentation (the `Path
	specifications' node) for the details of how the environment
	variables are use when searching. The <span class=
	"command"><strong>kpsewhich</strong></span> utility can be used to
	query the values of the variables.</p>
	<p>If the environment variable <code class=
	"literal">TEXMFOUTPUT</code> is set, MetaPost attempts to put its
	output files in it, if they cannot be put in the current
	directory.</p>
	<p>Here is a list of the environment variables which affect the
	behavior of MetaPost:</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">MPINPUTS</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11674064" class="indexterm" name="idp11674064"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Search path for input files.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">MFINPUTS</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11677984" class="indexterm" name="idp11677984"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Auxiliary search path for input files with
	<code class="literal">.mf</code> extensions.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">MPSUPPORT</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11682656" class="indexterm" name="idp11682656"></a>
	<p class="simpara">Directory for various tables for handling
	included TeX and troff.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">MPXCOMMAND</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11687056" class="indexterm" name="idp11687056"></a>
	<p class="simpara">The name of a shell script that converts
	embedded typesetting commands to a form that MetaPost understands.
	Defaults: <code class="literal">makempx</code> for TeX and
	<code class="literal">troffmpx</code> for troff.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">TEX</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11692944" class="indexterm" name="idp11692944"></a>
	<p class="simpara">The version of TeX - or LaTeX - to use when
	processing <span class="command"><strong>btex</strong></span> and
	<span class="command"><strong>verbatimtex</strong></span> commands.
	Default TeX. This version of MetaPost allows you to use a
	<code class="literal">`%&format'</code> line instead.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">TROFF</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11700416" class="indexterm" name="idp11700416"></a>
	<p class="simpara">The troff pipeline for <span class=
	"command"><strong>btex</strong></span> and <span class=
	"command"><strong>verbatimtex</strong></span> commands. Default
	<code class="literal">eqn -d\$\$ \| troff</code></p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">MPEDIT</code></span></dt>
	<dd><a id="idp11706336" class="indexterm" name="idp11706336"></a>
	<p class="simpara">A command template for invoking an editor.</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<p>A <code class="literal">.mem</code> file is a binary file that
	permits fast loading of macro packages. MetaPost reads the default
	<code class="literal">plain.mem</code> unless another <code class=
	"literal">.mem</code> file is specified at the start of the first
	line with an <code class="literal">&</code> just before it.
	There is also an <code class="literal">mfplain.mem</code> that
	simulates plain Metafont so that MetaPost can read <code class=
	"literal">.mf</code> fonts. (Plain Metafont is described in
	<span class="emphasis"><em>The Metafontbook</em></span>).</p>
	<p>Experts can create <code class="literal">.mem</code> files by
	invoking <span class="command"><strong>inimpost</strong></span> and
	giving macro definitions followed by a dump command.</p>
	<p>The MetaPost language is similar to Metafont, but the manual
	<span class="emphasis"><em>A User's Manual for MetaPost</em></span>
	assumes no knowledge of Metafont. MetaPost does not have bitmap
	output commands or Metafont's online display mechanism.</p>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div xml:lang="en" class="chapter" title=
	"Chapter 5. BibTeX" lang="en">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title"><a id="bibtex" name=
	"bibtex"></a>Chapter 5. BibTeX</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="toc">
	<p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-parameters">1
	Parameters</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-command-qualifiers">2
	Command Qualifiers</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-bib-files">3 bib
	files</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-string-command">3.1
	<code class="filename">@STRING</code> command</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-entry-format">3.2 Entry
	Format</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-entry-types">3.3 Entry
	Types</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-field-text">3.4 Field
	Text</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-field-types">3.5 Field
	Types</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-bst-files">4 bst
	files</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-bst-abbr">4.1
	<code class="filename">ABBRV.BST</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-bst-alpha">4.2
	<code class="filename">ALPHA.BST</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-bst-plain">4.3
	<code class="filename">PLAIN.BST</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-bst-sample">4.4
	<code class="filename">SAMPLE.BST</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bibtex-bst-unsrt">4.5
	<code class="filename">UNSRT.BST</code></a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11719920" class="indexterm" name="idp11719920"></a>
	<div class="note" title="Note" style=
	"margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
	<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
	<p>The contents of this section was taken from the HTML helppages
	for BibTeX of Norman Walsh (Version 1.0, 12 Apr 94).</p>
	</div>
	<p>Invokes the BibTeX utility to compile a bibliography file for
	LaTeX. Full details can be found in "LaTeX: A Document Preparation
	System" by Leslie Lamport.</p>
	<div class="section" title="1 Parameters">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="bibtex-parameters"
	name="bibtex-parameters"></a>1 Parameters</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11724784" class="indexterm" name="idp11724784"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">bibliography-file-spec</code></p>
	<p>Specifies the name of the bibliography database file to be
	compiled by BibTeX. If the file specification does not include a
	file type, BibTeX assumes a default type of BIB.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2 Command Qualifiers">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id=
	"bibtex-command-qualifiers" name="bibtex-command-qualifiers"></a>2
	Command Qualifiers</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11729888" class="indexterm" name="idp11729888"></a>
	<p><code class="literal">/BIBINPUTS
	/BIBINPUTS=(name,...)</code></p>
	<p>Specify directories containing input files, and the order in
	which they will be searched to locate each input file. A null value
	in the list indicates the current directory. The search procedure
	TeX uses to locate input files is to first search your default
	directory and then search each of the directories specified by the
	<code class="literal">/BIBINPUTS</code> option.</p>
	<p>Default is <code class="literal">/BIBINPUTS=(TEX_BIB:)</code>;
	TeX looks in the directory associated with the logical name
	<code class="literal">TEX_BIB.</code></p>
	<p><code class="literal">/STATS /STATS /NOSTATS [D]</code></p>
	<p>This qualifier is used while debugging <code class=
	"literal">.BST</code> files to determine BIBTEX memory usage.</p>
	<p><code class="literal">/TEXINPUTS
	/TEXINPUTS=(name,...)</code></p>
	<p>Specify directories containing input files, and the order in
	which they will be searched to locate each input file. A null value
	in the list indicates the current directory. The search procedure
	TeX uses to locate input files is to first search your default
	directory and then search each of the directories specified by the
	<code class="literal">/TEXINPUTS</code> option.</p>
	<p>Default is <code class="literal">/TEXINPUTS=(TEX_INPUTS)</code>;
	TeX looks in the directory associated with the logical name
	<code class="literal">TEX_INPUTS</code>.</p>
	<p><code class="literal">/TRACE /TRACE /NOTRACE [D]</code></p>
	<p>This qualifier is used while debugging <code class=
	"literal">.BST</code> files to follow program flow.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3 bib files">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="bibtex-bib-files"
	name="bibtex-bib-files"></a>3 bib files</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11746736" class="indexterm" name="idp11746736"></a>
	<p>This help entry contains the same information as Appendix B of
	the LaTeX manual. It describes the format of a bibliography
	database (<code class="literal">.BIB</code>) file.</p>
	<p>A bibliography database file may contains two types of entry -
	an abbreviation definition or a reference entry for citation.</p>
	<div class="section" title="3.1 @STRING command">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="bibtex-string-command" name=
	"bibtex-string-command"></a>3.1 <code class=
	"filename">@STRING</code> command</h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11752400" class="indexterm" name="idp11752400"></a>
	<p>The <code class="literal">@STRING</code> command is used to
	define abbreviations for use by BibTeX within the bibliography
	database file. The command</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	@string{jgg1 = "Journal of Gnats and Gnus, Series~1"}
	</pre>
	<p>defines 'jgg1' to be the abbreviation for the string "Journal of
	Gnats and Gnus, Series~1". Parentheses can be used in place of the
	outermost braces in the @string command, and braces can be used
	instead of the quotation marks. The text must have matching
	braces.</p>
	<p>The case of letters is ignored in an abbreviation as well as in
	the command name @string, so the command above could have been
	written:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	@STRING{JgG1 = "Journal of Gnats and Gnus, Series~1"}
	</pre>
	<p>A <code class="literal">@string</code> command can appear
	anywhere before or between entries in a bibliography database file.
	However, it must come before any use of the abbreviation, so a
	sensible place for <code class="literal">@string</code> commands is
	at the beginning of the file. A <code class=
	"literal">@string</code> command in the bibliography database file
	takes precedence over a definition made by the bibliography style,
	so it can be used to change the definition of an abbreviation such
	as 'Feb'.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.2 Entry Format">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="bibtex-entry-format" name=
	"bibtex-entry-format"></a>3.2 Entry Format</h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11762464" class="indexterm" name="idp11762464"></a>
	<p>A bibliography database file contains a series of reference
	entries like the following:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	@BOOK{kn:gnus,
	AUTHOR = "Donald E. Knudson",
	TITLE = "1966 World Gnus Almanac",
	PUBLISHER = {Permafrost Press},
	ADDRESS = {Novisibirsk} }
	</pre>
	<p>The <code class="literal">@BOOK</code> states that this is an
	entry of type book. various entry types are described below. The
	'kn:gnus' is the citation key, as it appears in the argument of a
	<code class="literal">\cite</code> command referring to the
	entry.</p>
	<p>This entry has four fields, named <code class=
	"literal">AUTHOR</code>, <code class="literal">TITLE</code>,
	<code class="literal">PUBLISHER</code> and <code class=
	"literal">ADDRESS</code>. The meanings of these and other fields
	are described below. A field consists of the name, an '=' character
	with optional space around it, followed by its text. The text of a
	field is a string of characters, with no unmatched braces,
	surrounded by either a pair of braces or a pair of '"' characters.
	Entry fields are separated from one another, and from the citation
	key, by commas. A comma may have optional space around it.</p>
	<p>The outermost braces that surround the entire entry may be
	replaced by parentheses. As in TeX input files, an end-of-line
	character counts as a space and one space is equivalent to many
	spaces. Unlike TeX, BibTeX ignores the case of letters in the entry
	type, citation key and field names. The above entry could have been
	typed as follows:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	@BOOK(kn:gnus, author = {Donald E. Knudson},
	TITLE = "1966 World Gnus Almanac",
	PUBLISHER = {Permafrost Press},
	ADDRESS = {Novisibirsk} )
	</pre>
	<p>However, the case of letters does matter to LaTeX, so the
	citation key ("kn:gnus" in the example above) should appear exactly
	the same in all <code class="literal">\cite</code> commands in the
	LaTeX input file.</p>
	<p>The quotes or braces can be omitted around text consisting
	entirely of numerals. The following two fields are equivalent:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	Volume = "27" Volume = 27
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.3 Entry Types">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="bibtex-entry-types" name=
	"bibtex-entry-types"></a>3.3 Entry Types</h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11779008" class="indexterm" name="idp11779008"></a>
	<p>When entering a reference in the bibliography database, the
	first thing to decide is what type of entry it is. No fixed
	classification scheme can be complete, but BibTeX provides enough
	entry types to handle almost any reference reasonably well.</p>
	<p>References to different types of publications contain different
	information; a reference to a journal might include the volume and
	number of the journal, which is usually not meaningful for a book.
	Therefore, database entries of different types have different
	fields for each entry type, the fields are divided into three
	classes:</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term">Required</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>omitting the field will produce an error message and may result
	in a badly formatted bibliography entry. If the required
	information is not meaningful, you are using the wrong entry
	type.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">Optional</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>the field's information will be used if present, but can be
	omitted without causing any formatting problems. A reference should
	contain any available information that might help the reader, so
	you should include the optional field if it is applicable.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">Ignored</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>the field is ignored. BibTeX ignores any field that is not
	required or optional, so you can include any fields you want in a
	bibliography entry. It's often a good idea to put all relevant
	information about a reference in its bibliography entry - even
	information that may never appear in the bibliography. For example,
	if you want to keep an abstract of a paper in a computer file, put
	it in an 'abstract' field in the paper's bibliography entry. The
	bibliography database file is likely to be as good a place as any
	for the abstract, and it is possible to design a bibliography style
	for printing selected abstracts.</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<p>BibTeX ignores the case of letters in the entry type.</p>
	<div class="section" title="3.3.1 article entry">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-entry-types-article" name=
	"bibtex-entry-types-article"></a>3.3.1 article entry</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11791424" class="indexterm" name="idp11791424"></a>
	<p>An article from a journal or magazine.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	@ARTICLE{citation_key,
	required_fields [, optional_fields] }
	</pre>
	<p>Required fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-author" title="3.5.3 author field">author</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-title" title=
	"3.5.20 title field">title</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-journal" title=
	"3.5.10 journal field">journal</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-year" title="3.5.23 year field">year</a></p>
	<p>Optional fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-volume" title=
	"3.5.22 volume field">volume</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-number" title=
	"3.5.14 number field">number</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-pages" title="3.5.16 pages field">pages</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-month" title=
	"3.5.12 month field">month</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-note" title="3.5.13 note field">note</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-key" title=
	"3.5.11 key field">key</a></p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.3.2 book entry">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-entry-types-book" name=
	"bibtex-entry-types-book"></a>3.3.2 book entry</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11806640" class="indexterm" name="idp11806640"></a>
	<p>A book with an explicit publisher.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	@BOOK{citation_key,
	required_fields [, optional_fields] }
	</pre>
	<p>Required fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-author" title="3.5.3 author field">author</a>
	or <a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-editor" title=
	"3.5.7 editor field">editor</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-title" title="3.5.20 title field">title</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-publisher" title=
	"3.5.17 publisher field">publisher</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-year" title="3.5.23 year field">year</a></p>
	<p>Optional fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-volume" title=
	"3.5.22 volume field">volume</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-series" title=
	"3.5.19 series field">series</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-address" title=
	"3.5.1 address field">address</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-edition" title=
	"3.5.6 edition field">edition</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-month" title="3.5.12 month field">month</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-note" title=
	"3.5.13 note field">note</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-key" title="3.5.11 key field">key</a></p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.3.3 booklet entry">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-entry-types-booklet" name=
	"bibtex-entry-types-booklet"></a>3.3.3 booklet entry</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11823008" class="indexterm" name="idp11823008"></a>
	<p>A work that is printed and bound, but without a named publisher
	or sponsoring institution.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	@BOOKLET{citation_key,
	required_fields [, optional_fields] }
	</pre>
	<p>Required fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-title" title=
	"3.5.20 title field">title</a></p>
	<p>Optional fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-author" title="3.5.3 author field">author</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-howpublished" title=
	"3.5.8 howpublished field">howpublished</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-address" title=
	"3.5.1 address field">address</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-month" title="3.5.12 month field">month</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-year" title=
	"3.5.23 year field">year</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-note" title="3.5.13 note field">note</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-key" title=
	"3.5.11 key field">key</a></p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.3.4 conference entry">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-entry-types-conference" name=
	"bibtex-entry-types-conference"></a>3.3.4 conference entry</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11835488" class="indexterm" name="idp11835488"></a>
	<p>An article in the proceedings of a conference. This entry is
	identical to the 'inproceedings' entry and is included for
	compatibility with another text formatting system.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	@CONFERENCE{citation_key,
	required_fields [, optional_fields] }
	</pre>
	<p>Required fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-author" title="3.5.3 author field">author</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-title" title=
	"3.5.20 title field">title</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-booktitle" title=
	"3.5.4 booktitle field">booktitle</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-year" title="3.5.23 year field">year</a></p>
	<p>Optional fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-editor" title="3.5.7 editor field">editor</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-pages" title=
	"3.5.16 pages field">pages</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-organization" title=
	"3.5.15 organization field">organization</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-publisher" title=
	"3.5.17 publisher field">publisher</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-address" title=
	"3.5.1 address field">address</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-month" title="3.5.12 month field">month</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-note" title=
	"3.5.13 note field">note</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-key" title="3.5.11 key field">key</a></p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.3.5 inbook entry">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-entry-types-inbook" name=
	"bibtex-entry-types-inbook"></a>3.3.5 inbook entry</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11851600" class="indexterm" name="idp11851600"></a>
	<p>A part of a book, which may be a chapter and/or a range of
	pages.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	@INBOOK{citation_key,
	required_fields [, optional_fields] }
	</pre>
	<p>Required fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-author" title="3.5.3 author field">author</a>
	or <a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-editor" title=
	"3.5.7 editor field">editor</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-title" title="3.5.20 title field">title</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-chapter" title=
	"3.5.5 chapter field">chapter</a> and/or <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-pages" title="3.5.16 pages field">pages</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-publisher" title=
	"3.5.17 publisher field">publisher</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-year" title="3.5.23 year field">year</a></p>
	<p>Optional fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-volume" title=
	"3.5.22 volume field">volume</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-series" title=
	"3.5.19 series field">series</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-address" title=
	"3.5.1 address field">address</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-edition" title=
	"3.5.6 edition field">edition</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-month" title="3.5.12 month field">month</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-note" title=
	"3.5.13 note field">note</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-key" title="3.5.11 key field">key</a></p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.3.6 incollection entry">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-entry-types-incollection" name=
	"bibtex-entry-types-incollection"></a>3.3.6 incollection entry</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11869248" class="indexterm" name="idp11869248"></a>
	<p>A part of a book with its own title.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	@INCOLLECTION{citation_key,
	required_fields [, optional_fields] }
	</pre>
	<p>Required fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-author" title="3.5.3 author field">author</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-title" title=
	"3.5.20 title field">title</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-booktitle" title=
	"3.5.4 booktitle field">booktitle</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-year" title="3.5.23 year field">year</a></p>
	<p>Optional fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-editor" title="3.5.7 editor field">editor</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-pages" title=
	"3.5.16 pages field">pages</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-organization" title=
	"3.5.15 organization field">organization</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-publisher" title=
	"3.5.17 publisher field">publisher</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-address" title=
	"3.5.1 address field">address</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-month" title="3.5.12 month field">month</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-note" title=
	"3.5.13 note field">note</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-key" title="3.5.11 key field">key</a></p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.3.7 inproceedings entry">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-entry-types-inproceedings" name=
	"bibtex-entry-types-inproceedings"></a>3.3.7 inproceedings
	entry</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11885024" class="indexterm" name="idp11885024"></a>
	<p>An article in the proceedings of a conference.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	@INPROCEEDINGS{citation_key,
	required_fields [, optional_fields] }
	</pre>
	<p>Required fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-author" title="3.5.3 author field">author</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-title" title=
	"3.5.20 title field">title</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-booktitle" title=
	"3.5.4 booktitle field">booktitle</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-year" title="3.5.23 year field">year</a></p>
	<p>Optional fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-editor" title="3.5.7 editor field">editor</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-pages" title=
	"3.5.16 pages field">pages</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-organization" title=
	"3.5.15 organization field">organization</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-publisher" title=
	"3.5.17 publisher field">publisher</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-address" title=
	"3.5.1 address field">address</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-month" title="3.5.12 month field">month</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-note" title=
	"3.5.13 note field">note</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-key" title="3.5.11 key field">key</a></p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.3.8 manual entry">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-entry-types-manual" name=
	"bibtex-entry-types-manual"></a>3.3.8 manual entry</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11900864" class="indexterm" name="idp11900864"></a>
	<p>Technical documentation.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	@MANUAL{citation_key,
	required_fields [, optional_fields] }
	</pre>
	<p>Required fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-title" title=
	"3.5.20 title field">title</a></p>
	<p>Optional fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-author" title="3.5.3 author field">author</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-organization" title=
	"3.5.15 organization field">organization</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-address" title=
	"3.5.1 address field">address</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-edition" title=
	"3.5.6 edition field">edition</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-month" title="3.5.12 month field">month</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-year" title=
	"3.5.23 year field">year</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-note" title="3.5.13 note field">note</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-key" title=
	"3.5.11 key field">key</a></p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.3.9 mastersthesis entry">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-entry-types-mastersthesis" name=
	"bibtex-entry-types-mastersthesis"></a>3.3.9 mastersthesis
	entry</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11914032" class="indexterm" name="idp11914032"></a>
	<p>A Master's thesis.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	@MASTERSTHESIS{citation_key,
	required_fields [, optional_fields] }
	</pre>
	<p>Required fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-author" title="3.5.3 author field">author</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-title" title=
	"3.5.20 title field">title</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-school" title=
	"3.5.18 school field">school</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-year" title="3.5.23 year field">year</a></p>
	<p>Optional fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-address" title=
	"3.5.1 address field">address</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-month" title="3.5.12 month field">month</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-note" title=
	"3.5.13 note field">note</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-key" title="3.5.11 key field">key</a></p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.3.10 misc entry">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-entry-types-misc" name=
	"bibtex-entry-types-misc"></a>3.3.10 misc entry</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11926432" class="indexterm" name="idp11926432"></a>
	<p>Use this type when nothing else seems appropriate.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	@MISC{citation_key,
	required_fields [, optional_fields] }
	</pre>
	<p>Required fields: none</p>
	<p>Optional fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-author" title="3.5.3 author field">author</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-title" title=
	"3.5.20 title field">title</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-howpublished" title=
	"3.5.8 howpublished field">howpublished</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-month" title="3.5.12 month field">month</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-year" title=
	"3.5.23 year field">year</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-note" title="3.5.13 note field">note</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-key" title=
	"3.5.11 key field">key</a></p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.3.11 phdthesis entry">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-entry-types-phdthesis" name=
	"bibtex-entry-types-phdthesis"></a>3.3.11 phdthesis entry</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11938032" class="indexterm" name="idp11938032"></a>
	<p>A PhD thesis.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	@PHDTHESIS{citation_key,
	required_fields [, optional_fields] }
	</pre>
	<p>Required fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-author" title="3.5.3 author field">author</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-title" title=
	"3.5.20 title field">title</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-school" title=
	"3.5.18 school field">school</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-year" title="3.5.23 year field">year</a></p>
	<p>Optional fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-address" title=
	"3.5.1 address field">address</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-month" title="3.5.12 month field">month</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-note" title=
	"3.5.13 note field">note</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-key" title="3.5.11 key field">key</a></p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.3.12 proceedings entry">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-entry-types-proceedings" name=
	"bibtex-entry-types-proceedings"></a>3.3.12 proceedings entry</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11950336" class="indexterm" name="idp11950336"></a>
	<p>The proceedings of a conference.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	@PROCEEDINGS{citation_key,
	required_fields [, optional_fields] }
	</pre>
	<p>Required fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-title" title="3.5.20 title field">title</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-year" title=
	"3.5.23 year field">year</a></p>
	<p>Optional fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-editor" title="3.5.7 editor field">editor</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-publisher" title=
	"3.5.17 publisher field">publisher</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-organization" title=
	"3.5.15 organization field">organization</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-address" title=
	"3.5.1 address field">address</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-month" title="3.5.12 month field">month</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-note" title=
	"3.5.13 note field">note</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-key" title="3.5.11 key field">key</a></p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.3.13 techreport entry">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-entry-types-techreport" name=
	"bibtex-entry-types-techreport"></a>3.3.13 techreport entry</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11963568" class="indexterm" name="idp11963568"></a>
	<p>A report published by a school or other institution, usually
	numbered within a series.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	@TECHREPORT{citation_key,
	required_fields [, optional_fields] }
	</pre>
	<p>Required fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-author" title="3.5.3 author field">author</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-title" title=
	"3.5.20 title field">title</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-institution" title=
	"3.5.9 institution field">institution</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-year" title="3.5.23 year field">year</a></p>
	<p>Optional fields: <a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-type"
	title="3.5.21 type field">type</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-number" title=
	"3.5.14 number field">number</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-address" title=
	"3.5.1 address field">address</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-month" title="3.5.12 month field">month</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-note" title=
	"3.5.13 note field">note</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-key" title="3.5.11 key field">key</a></p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.3.14 unpublished entry">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-entry-types-unpublished" name=
	"bibtex-entry-types-unpublished"></a>3.3.14 unpublished entry</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11978032" class="indexterm" name="idp11978032"></a>
	<p>A document with an author and title, but not formally
	published.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	@UNPUBLISHED{citation_key,
	required_fields [, optional_fields] }
	</pre>
	<p>Required fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-author" title="3.5.3 author field">author</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-title" title=
	"3.5.20 title field">title</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-note" title="3.5.13 note field">note</a></p>
	<p>Optional fields: <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-month" title="3.5.12 month field">month</a>,
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-field-types-year" title=
	"3.5.23 year field">year</a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-key" title="3.5.11 key field">key</a></p>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.4 Field Text">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-text" name=
	"bibtex-field-text"></a>3.4 Field Text</h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11988768" class="indexterm" name="idp11988768"></a>
	<p>The text of the field is enclosed in braces or double quote
	characters. A part of the text is said to be enclosed in braces if
	it lies inside a matching pair of braces other than the ones
	enclosing the entire entry or the entire field text.</p>
	<p>BibTeX manipulates the case of letters in the field text as
	described in the subtopics below.</p>
	<div class="section" title="3.4.1 Names">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-text-names" name=
	"bibtex-field-text-names"></a>3.4.1 Names</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp11993216" class="indexterm" name="idp11993216"></a>
	<p>The text of an author or editor field represents a list of
	names. The bibliography style determines the format in which the
	name is printed: whether the first name or last name appears first,
	if the full first name or just the first initial is used, etc. The
	bibliography file entry simply tells BibTeX what the name is.</p>
	<p>You should type an author's complete name and let the
	bibliography style decide what to abbreviate. (But an author's
	complete name may be "Donald~E. Knuth" or even "J.~P.~Morgan"; you
	should type it the way the author would like it to appear, if
	that's known.)</p>
	<p>Most names can be entered in the obvious way, either with or
	without a comma, as in the following examples:</p>
	<p>"John Paul Jones" "Jones, John Paul" "Ludwig von Beethoven" "von
	Beethoven, Ludwig"</p>
	<p>Some people have multiple last names - for example, Per Brinch
	Hansen's last name is Brinch~Hansen. His name should be typed with
	a comma:</p>
	<p>"Brinch Hansen, Per"</p>
	<p>To understand why, you must understand how BibTeX handles names
	(for what follows, a "name" corresponds to a person).</p>
	<p>Each name consists of four parts: First, von, Last, and~Jr; each
	part consists of a (possibly empty) list of name-tokens. For
	example the First part of Per Brinch~Hansen's name has the single
	token "Per"; the Last part has two, "Brinch" and "Hansen"; and the
	von and Jr parts are empty. If you had typed</p>
	<p>"Per Brinch Hansen"</p>
	<p>instead, BibTeX would erroneously think "Brinch" were a
	First-part token, just as "Paul" is a First-part token in
	"John~Paul Jones".</p>
	<p>Here's another example:</p>
	<p>"Charles Louis Xavier Joseph de la Vallee Poussin"</p>
	<p>This name has four tokens in the First part, two in the von, and
	two in the Last. Here BibTeX knows where one part ends and the
	other begins because the tokens in the von part begin with
	lower-case letters.</p>
	<p>If you want BibTeX to consider something a single token, enclose
	it in braces. You should do this, for example, if a comma is part
	of a name:</p>
	<p>"{Barnes and Noble, Inc.}" "{Barnes and} {Noble, Inc.}"
	"{Barnes} {and} {Noble,} {Inc.}"</p>
	<p>The braces surrounding the comma keep "Inc." from being
	interpreted as a First token; this name has only a Last part, with
	either one, two, or four tokens (there must be a space separating
	the tokens in the second and third forms). Probably the second form
	is slightly more meaningful, but don't lose sleep over this since
	only rarely will an institution be an author or editor.</p>
	<p>So the two names</p>
	<p>"von Beethoven, Ludwig" "{von Beethoven}, Ludwig"</p>
	<p>are considered by BibTeX to be different names. In the first,
	"Beethoven" is the Last part and "von" is the von part; in the
	second, which in this case happens to be incorrect, the Last part
	has a single token and there's no von part. The bibliography style
	will probably print both the same, but it may alphabetize and label
	them differently.</p>
	<p>"Juniors" pose a special problem. Most people having "Jr." in
	their name precede it with a comma. Such a name should be entered
	as follows:</p>
	<p>"Ford, Jr., Henry"</p>
	<p>However, a few people do not use a comma. They are handled by
	considering the "Jr." to be part of the last Last token:</p>
	<p>"{Steele Jr.}, Guy L." "Guy L. {Steele Jr.}"</p>
	<p>This name has no Jr part.</p>
	<p>To summarize, you may type a name in one of three forms:</p>
	<p>"First von Last" "von Last, First" "von Last, Jr, First"</p>
	<p>You may almost always use the first form; you shouldn't if
	either there's a Jr part or the Last part has multiple tokens but
	there's no von part.</p>
	<p>If there are multiple authors or editors, their names must be
	separated by the word "and", surrounded by spaces, not enclosed in
	braces:</p>
	<p>AUTHOR = "Ralph Alpher and Bethe, Hans and George Gamow"</p>
	<p>Since BibTeX interprets commas as separating parts of a name and
	"and" as separating names themselves, this example has three
	coauthors: Ralph Alpher, Hans Bethe, and George Gamow. If the word
	"and" appears as part of a name, it must be enclosed in braces, as
	in the example of "Barnes and Noble,~Inc." given above. If you have
	too many names to list in a field, you can end the list with "and
	others"; the standard styles appropriately append an "et al."</p>
	<p>BibTeX's rules are actually a bit more complicated than
	indicated here, but this description will suffice for most
	names.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.4.2 Titles">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-text-titles" name=
	"bibtex-field-text-titles"></a>3.4.2 Titles</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12016768" class="indexterm" name="idp12016768"></a>
	<p>The bibliography style determines whether or not a title is
	capitalized; the titles of books usually are, the title of articles
	usually are not. You type a title the way it should appear if it is
	capitalized (you should capitalize everything but articles and
	unstressed conjunctions and prepositions, and even these should be
	capitalized as the first word or the first after a colon):</p>
	<p>TITLE = "The Agony and the Ecstasy"</p>
	<p>BibTeX will change uppercase letters to lowercase if
	appropriate. Uppercase letters that should not be changed are
	enclosed in braces. The following two titles are equivalent; the
	"A" of "Africa" will not be made lowercase.</p>
	<p>"The Gnats and Gnus of {Africa}" "The Gnats and Gnus of
	{A}frica"</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.4.3 Abbreviations">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-text-abbr" name=
	"bibtex-field-text-abbr"></a>3.4.3 Abbreviations</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12022560" class="indexterm" name="idp12022560"></a>
	<p>Instead of an ordinary text string, the text of a field can be
	replaced by an abbreviation for it. An abbreviation is a string of
	characters that starts with a letter and does not contain a space
	or any of the following ten characters:</p>
	<p><code class="literal">" # % ' ( ) , = { }</code></p>
	<p>The abbreviation is typed in place of the text field, with no
	braces or quotation marks. If 'jgg1' is an abbreviation for</p>
	<p>Journal of Gnats and Gnus, Series~1</p>
	<p>then the following are equivalent:</p>
	<p>JOURNAL = jgg1 JOURNAL = "Journal of Gnats and Gnus,
	Series~1"</p>
	<p>Some abbreviations are predefined by the bibliography style.
	These always include the usual 3 letter abbreviations for the
	month: jan, feb, mar etc.</p>
	<p>Bibliography styles usually contain abbreviations for the names
	of commonly referenced journals. Consult the Local Guide for a list
	of the predefined abbreviations for the bibliography styles
	available.</p>
	<p>You can define your own abbreviations by using BibTeX's
	<code class="literal">@STRING</code> command.</p>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5 Field Types">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types" name=
	"bibtex-field-types"></a>3.5 Field Types</h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12031968" class="indexterm" name="idp12031968"></a>
	<p>Below is a list of all fields recognized by the standard
	bibliography styles. An entry can also contain other fields, which
	are ignored by those styles.</p>
	<p>BibTeX ignores the case of letters in the field names.</p>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.1 address field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-address" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-address"></a>3.5.1 address field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12036352" class="indexterm" name="idp12036352"></a>
	<p>Publisher's address. For major publishing houses, just the city
	is given. For small publishers, you can help the reader by giving
	the complete address.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	ADDRESS = field_text
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.2 annote field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-annote" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-annote"></a>3.5.2 annote field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12041232" class="indexterm" name="idp12041232"></a>
	<p>An annotation, used only for annotated bibliography styles
	(which are not among the standard ones).</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	ANNOTE = field_text
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.3 author field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-author" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-author"></a>3.5.3 author field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12046016" class="indexterm" name="idp12046016"></a>
	<p>The name(s) of the author(s).</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	AUTHOR = field_text
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.4 booktitle field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-booktitle" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-booktitle"></a>3.5.4 booktitle field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12050720" class="indexterm" name="idp12050720"></a>
	<p>Title of a book, part of which is being cited.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	BOOKTITLE = field_text
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.5 chapter field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-chapter" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-chapter"></a>3.5.5 chapter field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12055440" class="indexterm" name="idp12055440"></a>
	<p>A chapter number.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	CHAPTER = field_text
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.6 edition field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-edition" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-edition"></a>3.5.6 edition field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12060128" class="indexterm" name="idp12060128"></a>
	<p>The edition of a book - for example, "second".</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	EDITION = field_text
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.7 editor field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-editor" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-editor"></a>3.5.7 editor field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12064848" class="indexterm" name="idp12064848"></a>
	<p>Name(s) of editor(s). If there is also an "author" field, then
	the "editor" field gives the editor of the book or collection in
	which the reference appears.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	EDITOR = field_text
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.8 howpublished field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-howpublished" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-howpublished"></a>3.5.8 howpublished field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12069696" class="indexterm" name="idp12069696"></a>
	<p>How something strange has been published.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	HOWPUBLISHED = field_text
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.9 institution field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-institution" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-institution"></a>3.5.9 institution field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12074432" class="indexterm" name="idp12074432"></a>
	<p>The institution that published the work.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	INSTITUTION = field_text
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.10 journal field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-journal" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-journal"></a>3.5.10 journal field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12079168" class="indexterm" name="idp12079168"></a>
	<p>A journal name. Abbreviations are provided for many journals;
	see the Local Guide.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	JOURNAL = field_text
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.11 key field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-key" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-key"></a>3.5.11 key field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12083904" class="indexterm" name="idp12083904"></a>
	<p>Used for alphabetizing and creating a label when the "author"
	and "editor" fields are missing. This field should not be confused
	with the citation key that appears in the <code class=
	"literal">\cite</code> command and at the beginning of the
	entry.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	KEY = field_text
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.12 month field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-month" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-month"></a>3.5.12 month field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12089520" class="indexterm" name="idp12089520"></a>
	<p>The month in which the work was published or, for an unpublished
	work, in which it was written.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	MONTH = field_text
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.13 note field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-note" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-note"></a>3.5.13 note field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12094272" class="indexterm" name="idp12094272"></a>
	<p>Any additional information that can help the reader.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	NOTE = field_text
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.14 number field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-number" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-number"></a>3.5.14 number field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12099008" class="indexterm" name="idp12099008"></a>
	<p>The number of a journal, magazine, or technical report. An issue
	of a journal or magazine is usually identified by its volume and
	number; the organization that issues a technical report usually
	gives it a number.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	NUMBER = field_text
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.15 organization field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-organization" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-organization"></a>3.5.15 organization
	field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12103920" class="indexterm" name="idp12103920"></a>
	<p>The organization sponsoring a conference.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	ORGANIZATION = field_text
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.16 pages field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-pages" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-pages"></a>3.5.16 pages field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12108656" class="indexterm" name="idp12108656"></a>
	<p>A page number or range of numbers such as "42--111"; you may
	also have several of these, separating them with commas:
	"7,41,73--97". The standard styles convert a single dash to a
	double. ></p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	PAGES = field_text
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.17 publisher field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-publisher" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-publisher"></a>3.5.17 publisher field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12113744" class="indexterm" name="idp12113744"></a>
	<p>The publisher's name.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	PUBLISHER = field_text
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.18 school field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-school" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-school"></a>3.5.18 school field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12118448" class="indexterm" name="idp12118448"></a>
	<p>The name of the school where a thesis was written.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	SCHOOL = field_text
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.19 series field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-series" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-series"></a>3.5.19 series field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12123168" class="indexterm" name="idp12123168"></a>
	<p>The name of a series or set of books. When citing an entire
	book, the the "title" field gives its title and an optional
	"series" field gives the name of a series in which the book is
	published.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	SERIES = field_text
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.20 title field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-title" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-title"></a>3.5.20 title field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12128048" class="indexterm" name="idp12128048"></a>
	<p>The work's title.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	TITLE = field_text
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.21 type field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-type" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-type"></a>3.5.21 type field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12132704" class="indexterm" name="idp12132704"></a>
	<p>The type of a technical report - for example, "Research
	Note".</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	TYPE = field_text
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.22 volume field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-volume" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-volume"></a>3.5.22 volume field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12137440" class="indexterm" name="idp12137440"></a>
	<p>The volume of a journal or multivolume book work.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	VOLUME = field_text
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="3.5.23 year field">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="bibtex-field-types-year" name=
	"bibtex-field-types-year"></a>3.5.23 year field</h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12142128" class="indexterm" name="idp12142128"></a>
	<p>The year of publication or, for an unpublished work, the year it
	was written. This field's text should contain only numerals.</p>
	<p>Format:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	YEAR = field_text
	</pre></div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4 bst files">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="bibtex-bst-files"
	name="bibtex-bst-files"></a>4 bst files</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12147168" class="indexterm" name="idp12147168"></a>
	<p>Bibliography style files define the style of a bibliography
	source list.</p>
	<p>The standard bibliography style files are <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-bst-plain" title="4.3 PLAIN.BST"><code class=
	"filename">PLAIN</code></a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-bst-unsrt" title="4.5 UNSRT.BST"><code class=
	"filename">UNSRT</code></a>, <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-bst-alpha" title="4.2 ALPHA.BST"><code class=
	"filename">ALPHA</code></a> and <a class="link" href=
	"#bibtex-bst-abbr" title="4.1 ABBRV.BST"><code class=
	"filename">ABBRV</code></a>.</p>
	<p>If you want to make a bibliography style of your own, look at
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex-bst-sample" title=
	"4.4 SAMPLE.BST"><code class="filename">SAMPLE.BST</code></a>.</p>
	<div class="section" title="4.1 ABBRV.BST">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="bibtex-bst-abbr" name=
	"bibtex-bst-abbr"></a>4.1 <code class=
	"filename">ABBRV.BST</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12159760" class="indexterm" name="idp12159760"></a>
	<p>This style is the same as the style defined in <code class=
	"filename">PLAIN.BST</code>, except that entries are more compact
	because first names, month names and journal names are
	abbreviated.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.2 ALPHA.BST">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="bibtex-bst-alpha" name=
	"bibtex-bst-alpha"></a>4.2 <code class=
	"filename">ALPHA.BST</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12164832" class="indexterm" name="idp12164832"></a>
	<p>This style is the same as the style defined in <code class=
	"filename">PLAIN.BST</code> except that entry labels like "Knu66",
	formed from the author's name and the year of publication, are
	used.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.3 PLAIN.BST">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="bibtex-bst-plain" name=
	"bibtex-bst-plain"></a>4.3 <code class=
	"filename">PLAIN.BST</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12169904" class="indexterm" name="idp12169904"></a>
	<p>This style is formatted more or less as suggested by Mary-Claire
	van Leunen in "A Handbook for Scholars" (Alfred A. Knopf, New York,
	1979). Entries are sorted alphabetically and are labelled with
	numbers.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.4 SAMPLE.BST">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="bibtex-bst-sample" name=
	"bibtex-bst-sample"></a>4.4 <code class=
	"filename">SAMPLE.BST</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12174320" class="indexterm" name="idp12174320"></a>
	<p>This is a sample bibliography style file meant to help you
	construct a new style. It creates a bibliography in which entries
	appear as follows:</p>
	<p>[Jones79] Jones, R. L. and Richards, P. Q. The Birds and the
	Bees. {\it Journal of Irreproducible Results 4}, 2 (Jan. 1979),
	27-33.</p>
	<p>[Jones82a] Jones, P. G. The Bees and the Trees ... (1982).</p>
	<p>[Jones82b] Jones, R. L. The Trees and the Peas ... (1982).</p>
	<p>[Krist74] Kristofferson, R. P. Peopl and Places ... (1974)</p>
	<p>It should illustrate how you write a style file. The functions
	are described in an informal Pascal-like style in comments. Because
	of the way while loops and if-then-else statements must use
	functions, the following convention is used. If a while loop is
	labeled 'foo' in the informal description, then its test and body
	are the functions named 'foo.test' and 'foo.body'. If an if
	statement is labeled 'foo', then its two clauses are the functions
	named 'foo.then' and 'foo.else'. (Null clauses just use the 'skip$'
	function.) Note that because functions have to be defined in terms
	of already-defined functions, the actual function definitions are
	given in a 'bottom-up' order.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4.5 UNSRT.BST">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="bibtex-bst-unsrt" name=
	"bibtex-bst-unsrt"></a>4.5 <code class=
	"filename">UNSRT.BST</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12182448" class="indexterm" name="idp12182448"></a>
	<p>This style is that same as <code class=
	"filename">PLAIN.BST</code> except that entries appear in the order
	of their first citation.</p>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div xml:lang="en" class="chapter" title=
	"Chapter 6. Make-Index" lang="en">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title"><a id="makeindex" name=
	"makeindex"></a>Chapter 6. Make-Index</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="toc">
	<p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-options">1
	Options</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-c">1.1
	<code class="filename">-c</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-g">1.2
	<code class="filename">-g</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-i">1.3
	<code class="filename">-i</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-l">1.4
	<code class="filename">-l</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-q">1.5
	<code class="filename">-q</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-r">1.6
	<code class="filename">-r</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-s-sty">1.7
	<code class="filename">-s sty</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-o-ind">1.8
	<code class="filename">-o ind</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-t-log">1.9
	<code class="filename">-t log</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-p-no">1.10
	<code class="filename">-p no</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-L">1.11
	<code class="filename">-L</code></a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-option-T">1.12
	<code class="filename">-T</code></a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-style-file">2 Style
	File</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-style">2.1 Input
	Style Specifiers</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#makeindex-output-style-specs">2.2 Output Style
	Specifiers</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-example">3
	Example</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-ordering">4
	Ordering</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#makeindex-special-effects">5
	Special Effects</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12187760" class="indexterm" name="idp12187760"></a>
	<div class="note" title="Note" style=
	"margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
	<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
	<p>The contents of this section was taken from the HTML helppages
	for Make-Index of Norman Walsh (Version 1.0, 12 Apr 94).</p>
	<p>Some obvious errors in this documentation have been corrected
	according to <code class="filename">makeindex(1L)</code>.</p>
	<p>Additional information was taken from <code class=
	"filename">makeindex(1L)</code> and the program source files as
	found in teTeX 2.0.2.</p>
	</div>
	<p>Make-Index is a general purpose index processor. It takes one or
	more raw index files (normally generated by a formatter), sorts the
	entries, and produces the actual index file. It is not dependent on
	any particular format of raw index file, although the <code class=
	"literal">.idx</code> file generated by LaTeX is the default. Up to
	three levels (0, 1, and 2) of subitem nesting within the same entry
	is supported. The input format may be redefined in a style file so
	that raw index or glossary output from other formatters may be
	processed. The style file also defines the style of output index
	file. Unless specified otherwise, the file name base of the first
	input file (<code class="literal">idx0</code>) is used to determine
	other related input/output files. The default input file type is
	<code class="literal">.idx</code>.</p>
	<div class="section" title="1 Options">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="makeindex-options"
	name="makeindex-options"></a>1 Options</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12198800" class="indexterm" name="idp12198800"></a>
	<p>Make-Index is a Unix program, and therefore has a Unix-style
	command line. Instead of qualifiers delimited with a slash
	(<code class="literal">/</code>), Make-Index options are delimited
	with a hyphen (<code class="literal">-</code>).</p>
	<div class="section" title="1.1 -c">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="makeindex-option-c" name=
	"makeindex-option-c"></a>1.1 <code class="filename">-c</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12204800" class="indexterm" name="idp12204800"></a>
	<p>Enable blank compression. By default every blank counts in the
	index key. The <code class="literal">-c</code> option ignores
	leading and trailing blanks and tabs and compresses intermediate
	ones to a single space.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.2 -g">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="makeindex-option-g" name=
	"makeindex-option-g"></a>1.2 <code class="filename">-g</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12209856" class="indexterm" name="idp12209856"></a>
	<p>Employ German word ordering in the index, in accord with rules
	set forth in DIN 5007. The quote character must be redefined in a
	style file (for example, redefine quote as <code class=
	"literal">'+'</code>). If the quote character is not redefined,
	Make-Index will produce an error message and abort.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.3 -i">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="makeindex-option-i" name=
	"makeindex-option-i"></a>1.3 <code class="filename">-i</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12215424" class="indexterm" name="idp12215424"></a>
	<p>Use <code class="literal">stdin</code> as the input file. When
	this option is specified and the <code class="literal">-o</code> is
	not, output is written to <code class="literal">stdout</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.4 -l">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="makeindex-option-l" name=
	"makeindex-option-l"></a>1.4 <code class="filename">-l</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12221792" class="indexterm" name="idp12221792"></a>
	<p>Use letter ordering. Default is word ordering (explained in the
	<a class="link" href="#makeindex-ordering" title=
	"4 Ordering">Ordering</a> section).</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.5 -q">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="makeindex-option-q" name=
	"makeindex-option-q"></a>1.5 <code class="filename">-q</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12227040" class="indexterm" name="idp12227040"></a>
	<p>Quiet mode, send no messages to <code class=
	"literal">stderr</code>. By default progress and error messages are
	sent to <code class="literal">stderr</code> as well as the
	transcript file. The <code class="literal">-q</code> option
	disables the <code class="literal">stderr</code> messages.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.6 -r">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="makeindex-option-r" name=
	"makeindex-option-r"></a>1.6 <code class="filename">-r</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12234176" class="indexterm" name="idp12234176"></a>
	<p>Disable implicit page range formation. By default three or more
	successive pages will be automatically abbreviated as a range (e.g.
	1--5). The <code class="literal">-r</code> option disables it,
	making the explicit range operators the only way to create page
	ranges (see the <a class="link" href="#makeindex-special-effects"
	title="5 Special Effects">Special Effects</a> section below).</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.7 -s sty">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="makeindex-option-s-sty" name=
	"makeindex-option-s-sty"></a>1.7 <code class="filename">-s
	sty</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12240224" class="indexterm" name="idp12240224"></a>
	<p>Take <code class="literal">sty</code> as the style file. There
	is no default for the style file name. The environment variable
	INDEXSTYLE defines the path where the style file should be
	found.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.8 -o ind">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="makeindex-option-o-ind" name=
	"makeindex-option-o-ind"></a>1.8 <code class="filename">-o
	ind</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12245328" class="indexterm" name="idp12245328"></a>
	<p>Take <code class="literal">ind</code> as the output index file.
	By default the file name base of the first input file <code class=
	"literal">idx0</code> concatenated with the extension <code class=
	"literal">.ind</code> is used as the output file name.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.9 -t log">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="makeindex-option-t-log" name=
	"makeindex-option-t-log"></a>1.9 <code class="filename">-t
	log</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12251840" class="indexterm" name="idp12251840"></a>
	<p>Take <code class="literal">log</code> as the transcript file. By
	default the file name base of the first input file <code class=
	"literal">idx0</code> concatenated with the extension <code class=
	"literal">.ilg</code> is used as the transcript file name.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.10 -p no">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="makeindex-option-p-no" name=
	"makeindex-option-p-no"></a>1.10 <code class="filename">-p
	no</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12258352" class="indexterm" name="idp12258352"></a>
	<p>Set the starting page number of the output index file to be
	<code class="literal">no</code>. This is useful when the index file
	is to be formatted separately. Other than pure numbers, three
	special cases are allowed for no: <code class="literal">any</code>,
	<code class="literal">odd</code>, and <code class=
	"literal">even</code>. In these special cases, the starting page
	number is determined by retrieving the last page number from the
	source log file. The source log file name is determined by
	concatenating the file name base of the first raw index file
	(<code class="literal">idx0</code>) with the extension <code class=
	"literal">.log</code>. The last source page is obtained by
	searching backward in the log file for the first instance of a
	number included in <code class="literal">[...]</code>. If a page
	number is missing or the log file is not found, no attempt will be
	made to set the starting page number. The meaning of each of these
	cases follows:</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term">any</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>The starting page is the last source page number plus 1.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">odd</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>The starting page is the first odd page following the last
	source page number.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">even</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>The starting page is the first even page following the last
	source page number.</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.11 -L">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="makeindex-option-L" name=
	"makeindex-option-L"></a>1.11 <code class="filename">-L</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12273584" class="indexterm" name="idp12273584"></a>
	<p>Sort based on locale settings. String comparisons for sorting
	are done using <span class=
	"command"><strong>strcoll(3)</strong></span>, which compares
	strings according to the current locale category <code class=
	"literal">LC_COLLATE</code>.</p>
	<p>Not available on all systems (depends on compile time
	settings).</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.12 -T">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="makeindex-option-T" name=
	"makeindex-option-T"></a>1.12 <code class="filename">-T</code></h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12279792" class="indexterm" name="idp12279792"></a>
	<p>Special support for Thai documents.</p>
	<p>Not available on all systems (depends on compile time
	settings).</p>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2 Style File">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="makeindex-style-file"
	name="makeindex-style-file"></a>2 Style File</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12283920" class="indexterm" name="idp12283920"></a>
	<p>The style file format is very simple. It is a list of
	<code class="literal"><specifier, attribute></code> pairs.
	There are two types of specifiers (input and output). The pairs
	don't have to obey any particular order in the file. A line lead by
	`<code class="literal">%</code>' is a comment. The following is a
	list of all the specifiers and their respective arguments where
	<code class="literal"><string></code> is an arbitrary string
	delimited by double quotes (<code class="literal">"..."</code>),
	<code class="literal"><char></code> is a single letter
	embraced by single quotes (<code class="literal">'...'</code>), and
	<code class="literal"><number></code> is a nonnegative
	integer. The maximum length of a <code class=
	"literal"><string></code> is 144. Notice that a backslash
	must be escaped (by an extra backslash) in the string quotation.
	Anything not specified in the style file will be assigned a default
	value, which is shown on a separate line. This file can reside
	anywhere in the path defined by the environment variable
	<code class="envar">INDEXSTYLE</code>.</p>
	<div class="section" title="2.1 Input Style Specifiers">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="makeindex-style" name=
	"makeindex-style"></a>2.1 Input Style Specifiers</h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12293760" class="indexterm" name="idp12293760"></a>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.1 actual <char>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-actual-char" name=
	"makeindex-actual-char"></a>2.1.1 actual <char></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12296400" class="indexterm" name="idp12296400"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">@</code></p>
	<p>The symbol which indicates that the next entry is to appear in
	the actual index file.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.2 arg_close <char>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-arg-close" name=
	"makeindex-arg-close"></a>2.1.2 arg_close <char></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12301072" class="indexterm" name="idp12301072"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">}</code></p>
	<p>This is the closing delimiter for the index entry argument.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.3 arg_open <char>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-style-arg-open" name=
	"makeindex-style-arg-open"></a>2.1.3 arg_open <char></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12305792" class="indexterm" name="idp12305792"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">{</code></p>
	<p>This is the opening delimiter for the index entry argument.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.4 encap <char>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-encap-char" name=
	"makeindex-encap-char"></a>2.1.4 encap <char></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12310336" class="indexterm" name="idp12310336"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">\|</code></p>
	<p>The symbol which indicates that the rest of the argument list is
	to be used as the encapsulating command for the page number.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.5 escape <char>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-escape-char" name=
	"makeindex-escape-char"></a>2.1.5 escape <char></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12315072" class="indexterm" name="idp12315072"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">\\</code></p>
	<p>The symbol which escapes the next letter, unless its preceding
	letter is escape. In other words, quote is used to escape the
	letter which immediately follows it. But if it is preceded by
	escape, it does not escape anything.</p>
	<p>Notice that the two symbols must be distinct.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.6 keyword <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-style-string" name=
	"makeindex-style-string"></a>2.1.6 keyword <string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12320288" class="indexterm" name="idp12320288"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"\\indexentry"</code></p>
	<p>This is the command which tells Make-Index that its argument is
	an index entry.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.7 level <char>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-level-char" name=
	"makeindex-level-char"></a>2.1.7 level <char></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12325360" class="indexterm" name="idp12325360"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">!</code></p>
	<p>The delimiter which denotes a new level of subitem.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.8 quote <char>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-quote-char" name=
	"makeindex-quote-char"></a>2.1.8 quote <char></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12329888" class="indexterm" name="idp12329888"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"</code></p>
	<p><code class="literal">quote</code> is used to escape the letter
	which immediately follows it, but if it is preceded by escape, it
	is treated as a ordinary character. These two symbols must be
	distinct.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.9 range_close <char>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-range-close" name=
	"makeindex-range-close"></a>2.1.9 range_close <char></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12335216" class="indexterm" name="idp12335216"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">)</code></p>
	<p>The closing delimiter indicating the end of an explicit page
	range.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.1.10 range_open <char>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-range-open" name=
	"makeindex-range-open"></a>2.1.10 range_open <char></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12339680" class="indexterm" name="idp12339680"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">(</code></p>
	<p>The opening delimiter indicating the beginning of an explicit
	page range.</p>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2 Output Style Specifiers">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-style-specs" name=
	"makeindex-output-style-specs"></a>2.2 Output Style Specifiers</h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12344320" class="indexterm" name="idp12344320"></a>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.1 page_compositor <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-page-compositor" name=
	"makeindex-page-compositor"></a>2.2.1 page_compositor
	<string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12347008" class="indexterm" name="idp12347008"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"-"</code></p>
	<p>This specifier is used to separate a range of page numbers.</p>
	<p>Officially undocumented!</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.2 preamble <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-preamble-string" name=
	"makeindex-output-preamble-string"></a>2.2.2 preamble
	<string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12352112" class="indexterm" name="idp12352112"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"\\begin{theindex}\n"</code></p>
	<p>The preamble of actual index file.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.3 postamble <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-postamble-string" name=
	"makeindex-output-postamble-string"></a>2.2.3 postamble
	<string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12356736" class="indexterm" name="idp12356736"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class=
	"literal">"\n\n\\end{theindex}\n"</code></p>
	<p>The postamble of actual index file.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.4 setpage_prefix <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-setpage-prefix" name=
	"makeindex-output-setpage-prefix"></a>2.2.4 setpage_prefix
	<string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12361376" class="indexterm" name="idp12361376"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"\n
	\\setcounter{page}{"</code></p>
	<p>The prefix of the command which sets the starting page
	number.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.5 setpage_suffix <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-setpage-suffix" name=
	"makeindex-output-setpage-suffix"></a>2.2.5 setpage_suffix
	<string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12366064" class="indexterm" name="idp12366064"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"}\n"</code></p>
	<p>The suffix of the command which sets the starting page
	number.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.6 group_skip <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-group-skip" name=
	"makeindex-output-group-skip"></a>2.2.6 group_skip
	<string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12370736" class="indexterm" name="idp12370736"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"\n\n \\indexspace\n"</code></p>
	<p>The vertical space to be inserted before a new group begins.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.7 heading_prefix <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-heading-prefix-string"
	name="makeindex-output-heading-prefix-string"></a>2.2.7
	heading_prefix <string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12375408" class="indexterm" name="idp12375408"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">""</code></p>
	<p>The header prefix to be inserted before a new letter begins.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.8 heading_suffix <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-heading-suffix-string"
	name="makeindex-output-heading-suffix-string"></a>2.2.8
	heading_suffix <string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12380048" class="indexterm" name="idp12380048"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">""</code></p>
	<p>The header suffix to be inserted before a new letter begins.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.9 headings_flag <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-headings-flag" name=
	"makeindex-output-headings-flag"></a>2.2.9 headings_flag
	<string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12384624" class="indexterm" name="idp12384624"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">0</code></p>
	<p>The flag indicating the condition of inserting new letter
	header. Default is 0, which means no header. Positive means insert
	an uppercase letter between prefix and suffix. Negative means
	insert a lowercase letter.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title=
	"2.2.10 symhead_positive <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-symhead-positive" name=
	"makeindex-output-symhead-positive"></a>2.2.10 symhead_positive
	<string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12389376" class="indexterm" name="idp12389376"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"Symbols"</code></p>
	<p>Heading for symbols to be inserted if <code class=
	"literal">headings_flag</code> is positive.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title=
	"2.2.11 symhead_negative <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-symhead-negative" name=
	"makeindex-output-symhead-negative"></a>2.2.11 symhead_negative
	<string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12394752" class="indexterm" name="idp12394752"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"symbols"</code></p>
	<p>Heading for symbols to be inserted if <code class=
	"literal">headings_flag</code> is negative.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title=
	"2.2.12 numhead_positive <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-numhead-positive" name=
	"makeindex-output-numhead-positive"></a>2.2.12 numhead_positive
	<string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12400128" class="indexterm" name="idp12400128"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"Numbers"</code></p>
	<p>Heading for numbers to be inserted if <code class=
	"literal">headings_flag</code> is positive.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title=
	"2.2.13 numhead_negative <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-numhead-negative" name=
	"makeindex-output-numhead-negative"></a>2.2.13 numhead_negative
	<string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12405504" class="indexterm" name="idp12405504"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"numbers"</code></p>
	<p>Heading for numbers to be inserted if <code class=
	"literal">headings_flag</code> is negative.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.14 item_0 <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-item-0" name=
	"makeindex-output-item-0"></a>2.2.14 item_0 <string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12410784" class="indexterm" name="idp12410784"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"\n \\item "</code></p>
	<p>The command to be inserted between two primary (level 0)
	items.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.15 item_1 <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-item-1" name=
	"makeindex-output-item-1"></a>2.2.15 item_1 <string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12415360" class="indexterm" name="idp12415360"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"\n \\subitem "</code></p>
	<p>The command to be inserted between two secondary (level 1)
	items.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.16 item_2 <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-item-2" name=
	"makeindex-output-item-2"></a>2.2.16 item_2 <string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12419984" class="indexterm" name="idp12419984"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"\n \\subsubitem "</code></p>
	<p>The command to be inserted between two level 2 items.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.17 item_01 <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-item-01" name=
	"makeindex-output-item-01"></a>2.2.17 item_01 <string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12424672" class="indexterm" name="idp12424672"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"\n \\subitem "</code></p>
	<p>The command to be inserted between a level 0 item and a level 1
	item.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.18 item_x1 <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-item-x1" name=
	"makeindex-output-item-x1"></a>2.2.18 item_x1 <string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12429296" class="indexterm" name="idp12429296"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"\n \\subitem "</code></p>
	<p>The command to be inserted between a level 0 item and a level 1
	item. The difference between this and previous is that in this case
	the level 0 item doesn't have any page numbers.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.19 item_12 <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-item-12" name=
	"makeindex-output-item-12"></a>2.2.19 item_12 <string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12434080" class="indexterm" name="idp12434080"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"\n \\subsubitem "</code></p>
	<p>The command to be inserted between a level 1 item and a level 2
	item.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.20 item_x2 <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-item-x2" name=
	"makeindex-output-item-x2"></a>2.2.20 item_x2 <string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12438704" class="indexterm" name="idp12438704"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"\n \\subsubitem "</code></p>
	<p>The command to be inserted between a level 1 item and a level 2
	item. The difference between this and previous is that in this case
	the level 1 item doesn't have any page numbers.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.21 delim_0 <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-delim-0" name=
	"makeindex-output-delim-0"></a>2.2.21 delim_0 <string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12443488" class="indexterm" name="idp12443488"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">", "</code></p>
	<p>The delimiter to be inserted between a level 0 key and its first
	page number. Default is a comma followed by a blank.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.22 delim_1 <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-delim-1" name=
	"makeindex-output-delim-1"></a>2.2.22 delim_1 <string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12448208" class="indexterm" name="idp12448208"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">", "</code></p>
	<p>The delimiter to be inserted between a level 1 key and its first
	page number. Default is a comma followed by a blank.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.23 delim_2 <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-delim-2" name=
	"makeindex-output-delim-2"></a>2.2.23 delim_2 <string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12452928" class="indexterm" name="idp12452928"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">", "</code></p>
	<p>The delimiter to be inserted between a level 2 key and its first
	page number. Default is a comma followed by a blank.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.24 delim_n <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-delim-n" name=
	"makeindex-output-delim-n"></a>2.2.24 delim_n <string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12457648" class="indexterm" name="idp12457648"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">", "</code></p>
	<p>The delimiter to be inserted between two page numbers for the
	same key in any level. Default is a comma followed by a blank.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.25 delim_r <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-delim-r" name=
	"makeindex-output-delim-r"></a>2.2.25 delim_r <string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12462480" class="indexterm" name="idp12462480"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"--"</code></p>
	<p>The delimiter to be inserted between the starting and ending
	page numbers of a range.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.26 delim_t <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-delim-t" name=
	"makeindex-output-delim-t"></a>2.2.26 delim_t <string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12467104" class="indexterm" name="idp12467104"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">""</code></p>
	<p>The delimiter to be inserted at the end of a page list. This
	delimiter has no effect on entries which have no associated page
	list.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.27 encap_prefix <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-encap-prefix" name=
	"makeindex-output-encap-prefix"></a>2.2.27 encap_prefix
	<string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12471824" class="indexterm" name="idp12471824"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"\\"</code></p>
	<p>The prefix for the command which encapsulates the page
	number.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.28 encap_infix <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-encap-infox" name=
	"makeindex-output-encap-infox"></a>2.2.28 encap_infix
	<string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12476448" class="indexterm" name="idp12476448"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"{"</code></p>
	<p>The prefix for the command which encapsulates the page
	number.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.29 encap_suffix <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-encap-suffix" name=
	"makeindex-output-encap-suffix"></a>2.2.29 encap_suffix
	<string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12481040" class="indexterm" name="idp12481040"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"}"</code></p>
	<p>The suffix for the command which encapsulates the page
	number.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.30 line_max <number>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-line-max" name=
	"makeindex-output-line-max"></a>2.2.30 line_max <number></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12485664" class="indexterm" name="idp12485664"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">72</code></p>
	<p>The maximum length of a line in the output beyond which a line
	wraps around.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.31 indent_space <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-indent-space" name=
	"makeindex-output-indent-space"></a>2.2.31 indent_space
	<string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12490368" class="indexterm" name="idp12490368"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">"\t\t"</code></p>
	<p>The space to be inserted in front of a wrapped line. Default is
	two tabs.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.32 indent_length <number>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-indent-length" name=
	"makeindex-output-indent-length"></a>2.2.32 indent_length
	<number></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12495056" class="indexterm" name="idp12495056"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">16</code></p>
	<p>The length of indent_space. In the default case this is 16 (for
	2 tabs).</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.33 suffix_2p <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-suffix-2p" name=
	"makeindex-output-suffix-2p"></a>2.2.33 suffix_2p
	<string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12499744" class="indexterm" name="idp12499744"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">""</code></p>
	<p>Delimiter to replace the range delimiter and the second page
	number of a two page list. When present, it overrides <code class=
	"literal">delim_r</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.34 suffix_3p <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-suffix-3p" name=
	"makeindex-output-suffix-3p"></a>2.2.34 suffix_3p
	<string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12505072" class="indexterm" name="idp12505072"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">""</code></p>
	<p>Delimiter to replace the range delimiter and the second page
	number of a three page list. When present, it overrides
	<code class="literal">delim_r</code> and <code class=
	"literal">suffix_mp</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2.35 suffix_mp <string>">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="makeindex-output-suffix-mp" name=
	"makeindex-output-suffix-mp"></a>2.2.35 suffix_mp
	<string></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12511120" class="indexterm" name="idp12511120"></a>
	<p>Default: <code class="literal">""</code></p>
	<p>Delimiter to replace the range delimiter and the second page
	number of a multiple page list (three or more pages). When present,
	it overrides <code class="literal">delim_r</code>.</p>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3 Example">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="makeindex-example"
	name="makeindex-example"></a>3 Example</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12516768" class="indexterm" name="idp12516768"></a>
	<p>The following example shows a style file called <code class=
	"literal">book.isty</code> which defines a stand-alone index for a
	book. By stand-alone, we mean it can be formatted independent of
	the main source.</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	preamble
	"\\documentstyle[12pt]{book}
	\\begin{document}
	\\begin{theindex}
	{\\small\n"

	postamble
	"\n\n}
	\\end{theindex}
	\\end{document}\n"
	</pre>
	<p>Suppose a particular book style requires the index (as well as
	any chapters) to start from an odd page number. Given <code class=
	"literal">foo.idx</code> as the raw index file, the following
	command line produces an index in file <code class=
	"literal">foo-.ind</code>.</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	makeindex -s book.isty -o foo-.ind -p odd foo
	</pre>
	<p>The reason to use a non-default output file name is to avoid
	clobbering the source output (presumably <code class=
	"literal">foo.dvi</code>) because if the index is in file
	<code class="literal">foo.ind</code>, its output will also be in
	<code class="literal">foo.dvi</code> as a result of separate
	formatting using . In the example the index is in <code class=
	"literal">foo-.ind</code>, its output will be in <code class=
	"literal">foo-.dvi</code> and thus introduces no confusion.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4 Ordering">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="makeindex-ordering"
	name="makeindex-ordering"></a>4 Ordering</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12529104" class="indexterm" name="idp12529104"></a>
	<p>By default <code class="literal">makeindex</code> assumes word
	ordering. The <code class="literal">-l</code> option turns it into
	letter ordering. The only difference is whether a blank is treated
	as an effective letter or not. In word ordering, a blank precedes
	any letter in the alphabet, whereas in letter ordering, it doesn't
	count at all. This is best illustrated by the following
	example:</p>
	<div class="informaltable">
	<table border="0">
	<colgroup>
	<col align="left" />
	<col align="left" /></colgroup>
	<thead>
	<tr>
	<th align="left"><span class="emphasis"><em>word
	order</em></span></th>
	<th align="left"><span class="emphasis"><em>letter
	order</em></span></th>
	</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">sea lion</td>
	<td align="left">seal</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">seal</td>
	<td align="left">seal lion</td>
	</tr>
	</tbody>
	</table>
	</div>
	<p>Numbers are sorted in numeric order. For instance,</p>
	<div class="informaltable">
	<table border="0">
	<colgroup>
	<col align="left" /></colgroup>
	<tbody>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">9 (nine), 123</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td align="left">123 10 (ten), see Derek, Bo</td>
	</tr>
	</tbody>
	</table>
	</div>
	<p>Letters are first sorted with uppercase and lowercase considered
	identical; then, within identical words the uppercase letter
	precedes its lowercase counterpart.</p>
	<p>Patterns lead by a special symbol precede numbers, which precede
	patterns lead by a letter. The symbol here refers to anything not
	in the union of digits and English alphabet. This includes those
	which follow 'z' in the ASCII chart. As a special case, anything
	started with a digit but mixed with non-digits is considered a
	symbol-leading pattern instead of a number.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="5 Special Effects">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id=
	"makeindex-special-effects" name="makeindex-special-effects"></a>5
	Special Effects</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12549376" class="indexterm" name="idp12549376"></a>
	<p>In the normal case entries such as</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\indexentry{alpha}{1}
	\indexentry{alpha!beta}{3}
	\indexentry{alpha!beta!gamma}{10}
	</pre>
	<p>in the raw index file will be converted to</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\item alpha, 1
	\subitem beta, 3
	\subsubitem gamma, 10
	</pre>
	<p>in the output index file by Make-Index. Notice that the level
	symbol (<code class="literal">!</code>) is used to delimit levels
	of nesting.</p>
	<p>It is possible to make an item appear in a designated form by
	using the actual (<code class="literal">@</code>) operator. For
	instance,</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\indexentry{alpha@{\it alpha\/}}{1}
	</pre>
	<p>will become</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\item {\it alpha\/} 1
	</pre>
	<p>after the conversion. The idea is that the pattern preceding
	<code class="literal">@</code> is used as sort key, whereas the one
	following it is put in the actual result. However, the same key
	with and without the actual part are regarded as distinct
	entries.</p>
	<p>It is also possible to encapsulate a page number with a
	designated command using the encap (<code class="literal">\|</code>)
	operator. For example, in the default case,</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\indexentry{alpha\|bold}{1}
	</pre>
	<p>will be converted to</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\item alpha \bold{1}
	</pre>
	<p>where <code class="literal">\bold{n}</code> will expand to
	<code class="literal">{\bf n}</code>. This allows the encap
	operator to be used to set pages in different fonts, thereby
	conveying more information about whatever being indexed. For
	instance, given the same key the page where its definition appears
	can be in one font while where its primary example is given can be
	in another, with other ordinary appearances in a third. Notice that
	in this example, the three output attributes associated with page
	encapsulation <code class="literal">encap_prefix</code>,
	<code class="literal">encap_infix</code>, and <code class=
	"literal">encap_suffix</code> correspond respectively to backslash,
	left brace, and right brace. If this is to be formatted by
	languages other than , they would be defined differently.</p>
	<p>By the same token, the <code class="literal">encap</code>
	operator can be used to make cross references in the index. For
	instance,</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\indexentry{alpha\|see{beta}}{1}
	</pre>
	<p>will become</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\item alpha \see{beta}{1}
	</pre>
	<p>in the output index file after the conversion, where</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\see{beta}{1}
	</pre>
	<p>will expand to</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	{\it see\/} beta
	</pre>
	<p>Notice that in a cross reference like this the page number
	disappears. Therefore, where to insert such a command in the source
	is immaterial.</p>
	<p>A pair of encap concatenated with <code class=
	"literal">range_open</code> (<code class="literal">\|(</code>) and
	with <code class="literal">range_close</code> (<code class=
	"literal">\|)</code>) creates an explicit page range. That is,</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\indexentry{alpha\|(}{1}
	\indexentry{alpha\|)}{5}
	</pre>
	<p>will become</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\item alpha, 1--5
	</pre>
	<p>Intermediate pages indexed by the same key will be merged into
	the range implicitly. This is especially useful when an entire
	section about a particular subject is to be indexed, in which case
	only the range opening and closing operators need to be inserted at
	the beginning and end of the section, respectively.</p>
	<p>This explicit page range formation can also include an extra
	command to set the page range in a designated font. Thus</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\indexentry{alpha\|(bold}{1}
	\indexentry{alpha\|)}{5}
	</pre>
	<p>will become</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\item alpha, \bold{1--5}
	</pre>
	<p>A couple of special cases are worth mentioning here. First,
	entries like</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\indexentry{alpha\|(}{1}
	\indexentry{alpha\|bold}{3}
	\indexentry{alpha\|)}{5}
	</pre>
	<p>will be interpreted as</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\item alpha, \bold{3}, 1--5
	</pre>
	<p>but with a warning message in the transcript about the encounter
	of an inconsistent page encapsulator. Secondly, an explicit range
	beginning in a Roman page number and ending in Arabic is considered
	an error. In a case like this the range is broken into two
	subranges, if possible, one in Roman, the other in Arabic. For
	instance,</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\indexentry{alpha\|(}{i}
	\indexentry{alpha}{iv}
	\indexentry{alpha}{3}
	\indexentry{alpha\|)}{7}
	</pre>
	<p>will be turned into</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\item alpha, 1--iv, 3--7
	</pre>
	<p>with a warning message in the transcript complaining about the
	illegal range formation.</p>
	<p>Finally, every special symbol mentioned in this section may be
	escaped by the quote operator (<code class="literal">"</code>).
	Thus</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\indexentry{alpha"@beta}{1}
	</pre>
	<p>will actually become</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\item alpha@beta, 1
	</pre>
	<p>as a result of executing Make-Index. However, if quote is
	preceded by escape (<code class="literal">\</code>), its following
	letter is not escaped. That is,</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\indexentry{f\"ur}{1}
	</pre>
	<p>means</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\item f\"ur, 1
	</pre>
	<p>which represents umlaut accented <code class="literal">u</code>
	to the family of processors.</p>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div xml:lang="en" class="chapter" title=
	"Chapter 7. xindy" lang="en">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title"><a id="xindy" name=
	"xindy"></a>Chapter 7. xindy</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="toc">
	<p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#xindy-command-list">1 Command
	List</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#xindy-command-list-processing">1.1 Processing
	Commands</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#xindy-command-list-markup">1.2
	Markup Commands</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href=
	"#xindy-command-list-raw-index">1.3 Raw Index
	Interface</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#xindy-invoking">2 Invoking
	xindy</a></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#xindy-invoking-cmdline">2.1
	Command Line Options</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#xindy-search-path">2.2 Search
	Path</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12589264" class="indexterm" name="idp12589264"></a>
	<div class="note" title="Note" style=
	"margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
	<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
	<p>The content of this section was taken from the original
	documentation of xindy V2.1 (<code class=
	"filename">Doc/manual*.html</code>).</p>
	</div>
	<p><span class="emphasis"><em>xindy</em></span> means
	fle<span class="emphasis"><em>x</em></span>ible <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>ind</em></span>exing s<span class=
	"emphasis"><em>y</em></span>stem. It is an indexing system that can
	be used to generate book-like indexes for arbitrary document
	preparation systems. This term includes systems such as TeX and
	LaTeX, the Nroff-family or SGML-based systems (e.g. HTML) that
	process some kind of text and generate indexing information. It is
	not fixed to any specific system, but can be configured for a wide
	variety of purposes.</p>
	<div class="section" title="1 Command List">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="xindy-command-list"
	name="xindy-command-list"></a>1 Command List</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12596352" class="indexterm" name="idp12596352"></a>
	<p>Here is the complete list of xindy's commands that may be used
	in the index style. The symbol <code class="literal">name</code>
	always refers to a string. We separate the commands into the
	processing and markup commands. The commands are listed in
	alphabetical order.</p>
	<p>The parenthesis <code class="literal">[</code> and <code class=
	"literal">]</code> denote optional parts of the syntax and
	<code class="literal">{</code> and <code class="literal">}</code>
	denote the grouping of elements. A vertical bar indicates
	alternatives. However, the enclosing round braces <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>are</em></span> part of the syntax and must be
	supplied.</p>
	<div class="section" title="1.1 Processing Commands">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="xindy-command-list-processing" name=
	"xindy-command-list-processing"></a>1.1 Processing Commands</h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12604208" class="indexterm" name="idp12604208"></a>
	<div class="section" title="1.1.1 define-alphabet">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id=
	"xindy-command-list-processing-define-alphabet" name=
	"xindy-command-list-processing-define-alphabet"></a>1.1.1
	<code class="literal">define-alphabet</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12607328" class="indexterm" name="idp12607328"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-alphabet name string-list)
	</pre>
	<p>Defines <code class="literal">name</code> to be the alphabet
	consisting of all elements of the <code class=
	"literal">string-list</code>. Examples:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-alphabet "example-alphabet" ("An" "Example" "Alphabet"))
	</pre>
	<p>defines an alphabet consisting of exactly three symbols. For the
	successor relationship holds: <code class=
	"literal">succ("An")="Example"</code> and <code class=
	"literal">succ("Example")="Alphabet"</code>. The built-in alphabet
	<code class="literal">digits</code> is defined as follows:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-alphabet "digits"
	("0" "1" "2" "3" "4" "5" "6" "7" "8" "9"))
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="1.1.2 define-attributes">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id=
	"xindy-command-list-processing-define-attributes" name=
	"xindy-command-list-processing-define-attributes"></a>1.1.2
	<code class="literal">define-attributes</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12617264" class="indexterm" name="idp12617264"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-attributes attribute-list)
	</pre>
	<p>Defines all attributes the raw index may contain. Parameter
	<code class="literal">attribute-list</code> is a list of list of
	strings. The nesting level must not be more than 2. So <code class=
	"literal">(..(..)..)</code> is allowed, whereas <code class=
	"literal">(..(..(..)..)..)</code> is not.</p>
	<p>The list has two kinds of elements: strings and list of strings.
	A single string is treated as if it were a single element list. So
	the lists <code class="literal">("definition")</code> and
	<code class="literal">( ("definition") )</code> are equivalent. All
	elements forming a list are a so-called <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>attribute group</em></span>. The members of a group
	are written to the output file before any member of the following
	groups are written.</p>
	<p>Examples of valid attributes lists are:</p>
	<p><code class="literal">("definition" "usage")</code> defines two
	attribute groups. The first one contains all references with the
	attribute <code class="literal">definition</code> and the second
	one all with the attribute <code class="literal">usage</code>.</p>
	<p><code class="literal">(("definition" "important")
	"usage")</code> defines two attribute groups. The first one
	contains all references with the attributes <code class=
	"literal">definition</code> or <code class=
	"literal">important</code> and the second one all with the
	attribute <code class="literal">usage</code>. In the attribute
	group <code class="literal">("definition" "important")</code> the
	attribute <code class="literal">definition</code> overrides
	<code class="literal">important</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.1.3 define-crossref-class">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id=
	"xindy-command-list-processing-define-crossref-class" name=
	"xindy-command-list-processing-define-crossref-class"></a>1.1.3
	<code class="literal">define-crossref-class</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12635344" class="indexterm" name="idp12635344"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-crossref-class name [:unverified])
	</pre>
	<p>Defines <code class="literal">name</code> to be a class of cross
	references. We distinguish two types of cross reference classes.
	<span class="emphasis"><em>Verified</em></span> cross reference
	classes can be checked for dangling references. If for instance a
	cross reference points to the non-existent keyword `foo' a warning
	is issued and the user is advised to correct the invalid cross
	reference. This is the default. If for some reasons this mechanism
	must be deactivated the switch <code class=
	"literal">:unverified</code> can be used to suppress this
	behaviour.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.1.4 define-letter-group">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id=
	"xindy-command-list-processing-define-letter-group" name=
	"xindy-command-list-processing-define-letter-group"></a>1.1.4
	<code class="literal">define-letter-group</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12642592" class="indexterm" name="idp12642592"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-letter-group name [:before lgname] [:after lgname]
	[:prefixes list-of-prefixes])
	</pre>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-letter-groups list-of-letter-groups)
	</pre>
	<p>This command defines a letter group with name <code class=
	"literal">name</code>, which must be a string value, grouping all
	index entries that have a <span class="emphasis"><em>sort
	key</em></span> beginning with the prefix <code class=
	"literal">name</code>. The command</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-letter-group "a")
	</pre>
	<p>is equivalent to the command</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-letter-group "a" :prefixes ("a"))
	</pre>
	<p>Using the latter form one can associate more than one prefix
	with a given letter group. Also further prefixes can be added to an
	already existing letter group by simply defining the same letter
	group again. This results not in a redefinition but in adding more
	prefixes to the currently defined prefixes.</p>
	<p>Example:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-letter-group "a")
	</pre>
	<p>defines a letter group containing all index entries beginning
	with the string <code class="literal">"a"</code>.</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-letter-group "c" :after "a")
	</pre>
	<p>defines a letter group containing all index entries beginning
	with the string <code class="literal">"c"</code>. The letter group
	appears behind the letter group <code class=
	"literal">"a"</code></p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-letter-group "b" :after "a" :before "c")
	</pre>
	<p>inserts letter group <code class="literal">"b"</code> between
	letter group <code class="literal">"a"</code> and <code class=
	"literal">"c"</code>. This allows incremental definition of letter
	groups by extending already defined ones.</p>
	<p>The arguments <code class="literal">:after</code> and
	<code class="literal">:before</code> define a partial order on the
	letter groups. xindy tries to convert this partial order into a
	total one. If this is impossible due to circular definitions, an
	error is reported. If more than one possible total ordering can
	result, it is left open which one is used, so one should always
	define a complete total order.</p>
	<p>The command <code class="literal">define-letter-groups</code>
	(with an `s' at the end) is simply an abbreviation for a sequence
	of <code class="literal">define-letter-group</code> definitions
	where the elements are ordered in the ordering given by the list.
	Example:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-letter-groups ("a" "b" "c")
	</pre>
	<p>equals the definitions</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-letter-group "a")
	(define-letter-group "b" :after "a")
	(define-letter-group "c" :after "b")
	</pre>
	<p>See also commands <code class=
	"literal">markup-letter-group-list</code> and <code class=
	"literal">markup-letter-group</code> for further information.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.1.5 define-location-class">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id=
	"xindy-command-list-processing-define-location-class" name=
	"xindy-command-list-processing-define-location-class"></a>1.1.5
	<code class="literal">define-location-class</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12667920" class="indexterm" name="idp12667920"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-location-class name layer-list
	[:min-range-length num]
	[:hierdepth depth]
	[:var])
	</pre>
	<p>Defines <code class="literal">name</code> to be a location class
	consisting of the given list of layers. A list of layers consists
	of names of basetypes and/or strings representing separators.
	Separators must follow the keyword argument <code class=
	"literal">:sep</code>. If the keyword <code class=
	"literal">:min-range-length</code> is specified we define the
	<span class="emphasis"><em>minimum range length</em></span> to be
	used when building ranges. The argument <code class=
	"literal">num</code> must be a positive integer number or the
	keyword <code class="literal">none</code> in which case the
	building of ranges is disallowed. If the switch <code class=
	"literal">:var</code> is specified the declared class is of type
	<span class="emphasis"><em>variable</em></span>, i.e. it is a
	<span class="emphasis"><em>var-location-class</em></span>. Since
	building of ranges is currently only allowed for standard classes
	<code class="literal">:var</code> and <code class=
	"literal">:min-range-length</code> must not be used together. The
	keyword argument <code class="literal">:hierdepth</code> can be
	used to declare that the location references have to be tagged in a
	hierarchical form. Its argument <code class="literal">depth</code>
	must be an integer number indicating the number of layers the
	hierarchy does contain. See command <code class=
	"literal">markup-locref-list</code> for more information.
	Examples:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-location-class "page-numbers" ("arabic-numbers")
	:minimum-range-length 3)
	</pre>
	<p>Defines the location class <code class=
	"literal">page-numbers</code> consisting of one layer which is the
	alphabet <code class="literal">arabic-numbers</code>. Since the
	minimum range length is set to 3 the location references 2, 3 and 4
	don't form a range because the range length is only 2. But the
	references 6, 7, 8, and 9 are enough to form a range. Some example
	instances of this class are <code class="literal">0, 1, ...
	2313</code>, etc.</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-location-class "sections" :var
	("arabic-numbers" :sep "."
	"arabic-numbers" :sep "."
	"arabic-numbers"))
	</pre>
	<p>defines a variable location class. Valid instances are
	<code class="literal">1, 1.1, 1.2, 2, 2.4.5</code>, but none of
	<code class="literal">2-3</code> (wrong separator), <code class=
	"literal">1.2.3.4</code> (more than 3 layers), <code class=
	"literal">2.3.iv</code> (roman number instead of arabic one).</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.1.6 define-location-class-order">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id=
	"xindy-command-list-processing-define-location-class-order" name=
	"xindy-command-list-processing-define-location-class-order"></a>1.1.6
	<code class="literal">define-location-class-order</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12689984" class="indexterm" name="idp12689984"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-location-class-order list)
	</pre>
	<p>Defines the order in which the location classes are written to
	the output file. The parameter <code class="literal">list</code> is
	a list of names of location classes. Examples:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-location-class-order
	("page-numbers" "sections" "xrefs"))
	</pre>
	<p>tells the system that the page numbers should appear before the
	section numbers and that the cross references should appear at the
	end. If this command is omitted, the declaration order of the
	location classes in the index style is implicitly used as the
	output order. In the case that a location class does not appear in
	the list, the output may behave unexpectedly, so one should always
	enumerate all used location classes when using this command.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.1.7 define-rule-set">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id=
	"xindy-command-list-processing-define-rule-set" name=
	"xindy-command-list-processing-define-rule-set"></a>1.1.7
	<code class="literal">define-rule-set</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12696928" class="indexterm" name="idp12696928"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-rule-set name
	[ :inherit-from ("rule-set" "rule-set-2") ]
	:rules (<rule>...) )
	</pre>
	<p>A complete specification of a multi-phase sorting process for a
	language requires that some rules have to appear in several
	subsequent sorting phases. Rule sets can be used to define a set of
	rules that can be instantiated in an arbitrary sorting phase.
	Basically, they offer means to separate the definition of sorting
	rules from their instantiation, hence, acting as a wrapper for
	calls to <code class="literal">sort-rule</code>. They do not add
	new functionality that is not already present with <code class=
	"literal">sort-rule</code>.</p>
	<p>A rule can be of the form:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	<rule> ::= ("pattern" "replacement"
	[:string\|:bregexp\|:egegexp] [:again])
	</pre>
	<p>The following incomplete example defines a new rule set of name
	<code class="literal">isolatin1-tolower</code> that inherits
	definitions from rule set <code class=
	"literal">latin-tolower</code>, overriding or adding the sort rules
	in the list of <code class="literal">:rules</code>.</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-rule-set "isolatin1-tolower"

	:inherit-from ("latin-tolower")

	:rules (("?" "?" :string :again)
	("?" "?" :string :again)
	("?" "?" :string :again)
	("?" "?" :string :again)
	("?" "?" :string :again)
	("?" "?" :string :again)
	("?" "?" :string :again)
	...
	)
	...)
	</pre>
	<p>Rule sets can be instantiated with the command <code class=
	"literal">use-rule-set</code>. For further descriptions on the
	sorting model refer to the command <code class=
	"literal">sort-rule</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.1.8 define-sort-rule-orientations">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id=
	"xindy-command-list-processing-define-sort-rule-orientations" name=
	"xindy-command-list-processing-define-sort-rule-orientations"></a>1.1.8
	<code class="literal">define-sort-rule-orientations</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12710496" class="indexterm" name="idp12710496"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-sort-rule-orientations (orientations...))
	</pre>
	<p>Defines the order for the different sorting phases. The
	currently implemented <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>orientations</em></span> are <code class=
	"literal">forward</code> and <code class="literal">backward</code>.
	This command must precede all <code class=
	"literal">sort-rule</code> commands in an index style. It defines
	the orientations and implicitly sets the maximum number of sorting
	phases performed.</p>
	<p>For further descriptions on the sorting model refer to the
	command <code class="literal">sort-rule</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.1.9 merge-rule">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="xindy-command-list-processing-merge-rule"
	name="xindy-command-list-processing-merge-rule"></a>1.1.9
	<code class="literal">merge-rule</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12719504" class="indexterm" name="idp12719504"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(merge-rule pattern replacement [:again]
	[:bregexp \| :eregexp \| :string])
	</pre>
	<p>Defines a keyword mapping rule that can be used to generate the
	<span class="emphasis"><em>merge key</em></span> from the
	<span class="emphasis"><em>main key</em></span> of an index entry.
	This mapping is necessary to map all keywords that are differently
	written but belong to the same keyword to the same canonical
	keyword.</p>
	<p>The parameter <code class="literal">pattern</code> can be a
	POSIX-compliant regular expression or an ordinary string. The
	implementation uses the GNU Rx regular expression library which
	implements the POSIX regular expressions. Regular expressions (REs)
	can be specified as <span class="emphasis"><em>basic regular
	expressions</em></span> (BREs) or <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>extended regular expressions</em></span> (EREs). You
	can use the switch <code class="literal">:bregexp</code> to force
	the interpretation of the pattern as a BRE, or <code class=
	"literal">:eregexp</code> to interpret it as an ERE. If you want
	xindy to interpret the pattern literally, use the switch
	<code class="literal">:string</code>. If none of these switches is
	selected, xindy uses an auto-detection mechanism to decide, if the
	pattern is a regular expression or not. If it recognizes the
	pattern as a RE, it interprets it as an ERE by default.</p>
	<p>The parameter <code class="literal">replacement</code> must be a
	string possibly containing the special characters <code class=
	"literal">&</code> (substitutes for the complete match) and
	<code class="literal">\1 ,..., \9</code> (substituting for the
	<span class="emphasis"><em>n</em></span>-th submatch. Examples:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(merge-rule "A" "a")
	</pre>
	<p>replaces each occurrence of the uppercase letter <code class=
	"literal">`A'</code> with its lowercase counterpart.</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(merge-rule "\~"([AEOUaeou])" "\1")
	</pre>
	<p>transforms the TeX umlaut-letters into their stripped
	counterparts, such that <code class="literal">`\"A '</code> is
	treated as an <code class="literal">`A'</code> afterwards.</p>
	<p>The following sequences have a special meaning:</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">` ~n
	'</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>End of line symbol (<span class=
	"emphasis"><em>linefeed</em></span>).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">` ~b
	'</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>The ISO-Latin character with the lowest ordinal number.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">` ~e
	'</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>The ISO-Latin character with the highest ordinal number.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">` ~~
	'</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>The tilde character.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">` ~"
	'</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>The double quote character.</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<p>Tilde characters and double quotes have to be quoted themselves
	with a tilde character. The special characters <code class=
	"literal">` ~b '</code> and <code class="literal">` ~e '</code>
	allow the definition of arbitrary sorting orders by rules. In
	connection with an additional character every position in the
	alphabet can be described. E.g. <code class="literal">` m~e
	'</code> is lexicographically placed between <code class=
	"literal">`m'</code> and <code class="literal">`n'</code>.</p>
	<p>Due to efficiency, rules that just exchange characters or
	substitute constant character sequences are not treated as regular
	expressions. Therefore, instead of using the rule</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(merge-rule "[A-Z]" "&")
	</pre>
	<p>it is more efficient (though less comfortable) to use</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(merge-rule "A" "Ax")
	(merge-rule "B" "Bx")
	...
	(merge-rule "Z" "Zx")
	</pre>
	<p>Usually rules are applied in order of their definition. Rules
	with a special prefix precede those that begin with a class of
	characters, so that the search pattern <code class=
	"literal">`alpha'</code> is checked before <code class=
	"literal">`.*'</code>, but <code class="literal">`auto'</code> and
	<code class="literal">`a.*'</code> are checked in order of their
	definition.</p>
	<p>The first rule from a style file that matches the input is
	applied and the process restarts behind the substituted text. If no
	rule could be applied, the actual character is copied from the
	input and the process continues with the next character.</p>
	<p>Sometimes it is necessary to apply rules anew to the result of a
	transformation. By specifying the keyword argument <code class=
	"literal">:again</code> in the merge rule the rule is marked as
	mutable, which means that after using this rule the transformation
	process shall restart at the same place. E.g. the rule</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(merge-rule "\$(.*)\$" "\1" :again)
	</pre>
	<p>deletes <span class="emphasis"><em>all</em></span> surrounding
	<code class="literal">`$ '</code> symbols from the input.</p>
	<p>See also command <code class="literal">sort-rule</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.1.10 merge-to">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="xindy-command-list-processing-merge-to"
	name="xindy-command-list-processing-merge-to"></a>1.1.10
	<code class="literal">merge-to</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12764048" class="indexterm" name="idp12764048"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(merge-to attr-from attr-to [:drop])
	</pre>
	<p>A merge rule says that the attribute <code class=
	"literal">attr-from</code> can be used to build ranges in
	<code class="literal">attr-to</code>. Both attributes must name
	valid attribute names. The switch <code class=
	"literal">:drop</code> indicates, that the original location
	reference with attribute <code class="literal">attr-from</code> has
	to be dropped (removed), if a successful range was built with
	location references in attribute <code class=
	"literal">attr-to</code>. A detailed description is given in the
	section about processing phases.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.1.11 require">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="xindy-command-list-processing-require"
	name="xindy-command-list-processing-require"></a>1.1.11
	<code class="literal">require</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12772832" class="indexterm" name="idp12772832"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(require filename)
	</pre>
	<p>This command allows to load more index style modules. The module
	is searched in the directories defined in the search path. The file
	is read in and processing of the current file continues. The
	argument <code class="literal">filename</code> must be a string.
	This allows to decompose the index style into several modules that
	can be included into the topmost index style file. Example:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(require "french/alphabet.xdy")
	(require "french/sort-rules.xdy")
	(require "tex/locations.xdy")
	(require "tex/markup.xdy")
	</pre>
	<p>Submodules can load other submodules as well. If a file is
	required that was already loaded, the <code class=
	"literal">require</code> command is simply ignored and processing
	continues without including this file twice. See also command
	searchpath.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.1.12 searchpath">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="xindy-command-list-processing-searchpath"
	name="xindy-command-list-processing-searchpath"></a>1.1.12
	<code class="literal">searchpath</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12780560" class="indexterm" name="idp12780560"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(searchpath {path-string \| path-list})
	</pre>
	<p>This command adds the given paths to the list of paths, xindy
	searches for index style files. The argument <code class=
	"literal">path-string</code> must be a colon-separated string of
	directory names. If this path ends with a colon the default search
	path is added to the end of the path list. Example:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(searchpath ".:/usr/local/lib/xindy:/usr/local/lib/xindy/english:")
	</pre>
	<p>adds the specified directories to the search path. Since the
	last path ends with a colon, the built-in search path is added at
	the end. Specifying</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(searchpath ("."
	"/usr/local/lib/xindy"
	"/usr/local/lib/xindy/english"
	:default))
	</pre>
	<p>yields exactly the same result as the example above. Here
	<code class="literal">path-list</code> must be a list of strings
	and/or the keyword(s) <code class="literal">:default</code> and
	<code class="literal">:last</code>. The keyword <code class=
	"literal">:default</code> signifies that the default pathnames are
	to be inserted at the specified position in the list. The keyword
	<code class="literal">:last</code> allows to insert the currently
	active paths at the indicated position. Since this allows to insert
	the built-in paths at any position and incrementally adding new
	paths to the search path, this version of the command ist more
	flexible than the first version.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.1.13 sort-rule">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="xindy-command-list-processing-sort-rule"
	name="xindy-command-list-processing-sort-rule"></a>1.1.13
	<code class="literal">sort-rule</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12792192" class="indexterm" name="idp12792192"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(sort-rule pattern replacement [:run level] [:again])
	</pre>
	<p>Defines a keyword mapping rule that can be used to generate the
	<span class="emphasis"><em>sort key</em></span> of an index entry
	from the <span class="emphasis"><em>merge key</em></span>. This key
	is used to sort the index entries lexicographically after they have
	been merged using the merge key.</p>
	<p>The argument <code class="literal">:run</code> indicates that
	this rule is only in effect a the specified <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>level</em></span> (default is level 0). For a
	detailed discussion on the definition of sort rules for different
	layers refer to the documentation about the new sorting scheme
	(<code class="literal">new-sort-rules</code>) that comes with this
	distribution.</p>
	<p>See command <code class="literal">merge-rule</code> for more
	information about keyword rules.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.1.14 use-rule-set">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id=
	"xindy-command-list-processing-use-rule-set" name=
	"xindy-command-list-processing-use-rule-set"></a>1.1.14
	<code class="literal">use-rule-set</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12801904" class="indexterm" name="idp12801904"></a>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(use-rule-set [:run phase]
	[:rule-set ( <rule-set>... ))
	</pre>
	<p>This command instantiates the gives rule sets to be in effect at
	sorting phase <code class="literal">phase</code>. The order of the
	rule sets given with argument <code class=
	"literal">:rule-set</code> is significant. Rule set entries of rule
	set appearing at the beginning of the list override entries in rule
	sets at the end of the list.</p>
	<p>The following example declares that in phase 0 the rule sets
	<code class="literal">din5007</code> and <code class=
	"literal">isolatin1-tolower</code> should be active, whereas in
	phase 2 the other rule sets have to be applied.</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(use-rule-set :run 0
	:rule-set ("din5007" "isolatin1-tolower"))

	(use-rule-set :run 1
	:rule-set ("resolve-umlauts"
	"resolve-sharp-s"
	"isolatin1-tolower"
	))
	</pre>
	<p>For a discussion on rule sets refer to command <code class=
	"literal">define-rule-set</code>.</p>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.2 Markup Commands">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="xindy-command-list-markup" name=
	"xindy-command-list-markup"></a>1.2 Markup Commands</h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12812464" class="indexterm" name="idp12812464"></a>
	<p>The following commands can be used to define the markup of the
	index. They don't have any influence on the indexing process. Since
	the markup scheme is characterized by the concept of <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>environments</em></span>, the syntax and naming
	scheme of all commands follows a simple structure.</p>
	<p>The commands can be separated into <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>environment</em></span> and <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>list-environment</em></span> commands. All commands
	of the first group support the keyword arguments <code class=
	"literal">:open</code> and <code class="literal">:close</code>,
	whereas the second group additionally supports the keyword argument
	<code class="literal">:sep</code>. If one of these keyword
	arguments is missing, the default markup tag is always the empty
	tag. The <code class="literal">:open</code> tag is always printed
	before the object itself and the <code class=
	"literal">:close</code> tag is always printed after the object has
	been printed. If a list is printed the <code class=
	"literal">:sep</code> tag is printed between two elements of the
	list but not before the first element, or after the last one. All
	commands dealing with a list have the suffix <code class=
	"literal">`-list'</code> as part of their command name.</p>
	<p>Since the number of commands and the heavy usage of <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>default</em></span> and <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>specialized</em></span> tags makes the markup
	somehow complex (but very powerful) we have added a mechanism to
	trace the markup tags xindy omits during its markup phase with the
	command <code class="literal">markup-trace</code>.</p>
	<p>Here follows the list of markup commands in alphabetical order
	with some of the commands grouped together.</p>
	<div class="section" title="1.2.1 markup-attribute-group-list">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="markup-attribute-group-list" name=
	"markup-attribute-group-list"></a>1.2.1 <code class=
	"literal">markup-attribute-group-list</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-attribute-group-list [:open string] [:close string]
	[:sep string])

	(markup-attribute-group [:open string] [:close string]
	[:group group-num])
	</pre>
	<p>Location class groups consist of lists of attribute groups. The
	markup of this list can be defined with the command <code class=
	"literal">markup-attribute-group-list</code>.</p>
	<p>To allow different markup for different attribute groups the
	command <code class="literal">markup-attribute-group</code> can be
	specialized on the group number with the keyword argument
	<code class="literal">:group</code> which must be an integer
	number. E.g., given are the groups <code class=
	"literal">("definition" "theorem")</code> and <code class=
	"literal">("default")</code> with group numbers 0 and 1, then</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-attribute-group :open "<group0>" :close </group0>"
	:group 0)

	(markup-attribute-group :open "<group1>" :close "</group1>"
	:group 1)
	</pre>
	<p>can be used to assign different markup for both groups in a
	SGML-based language.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.2.2 markup-crossref-list">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="markup-crossref-list" name=
	"markup-crossref-list"></a>1.2.2 <code class=
	"literal">markup-crossref-list</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-crossref-list [:open string] [:close string]
	[:sep string]
	[:class crossref-class])

	(markup-crossref-layer-list [:open string] [:close string]
	[:sep string]
	[:class crossref-class])

	(markup-crossref-layer [:open string] [:close string]
	[:class crossref-class])
	</pre>
	<p>A crossref class group contains cross references of the same
	class. The separator between the classes is defined with the
	<code class="literal">(markup-locclass-list :sep)</code>-parameter.
	A list of cross references can be tagged with the <code class=
	"literal">command markup-crossref-list</code> that specializes on
	the <code class="literal">:class</code> argument.</p>
	<p>Each cross reference is determined by a list of layers
	indicating the target of the cross reference. To define a suitable
	markup for such a list the <code class="literal">command
	markup-crossref-layer-list</code> can be used.</p>
	<p>Each layer of a cross reference can be assigned two tags that
	specialize on the class of the reference, like all other
	commands.</p>
	<p>A suitable markup for a cross reference class <code class=
	"literal">see</code> within LaTeX2e could look like that:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-crossref-list :class "see" :open "\emph{see} "
	:sep "; ")
	(markup-crossref-layer-list :class "see" :sep ",")
	(markup-crossref-layer :class "see"
	:open "\textbf{" :close "}")
	</pre>
	<p>An example output could look like <code class="literal">... see
	house; garden,winter; greenhouse</code></p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.2.3 markup-index">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="markup-index" name=
	"markup-index"></a>1.2.3 <code class=
	"literal">markup-index</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-index [:open string] [:close string]
	[ :flat \| :tree \| :hierdepth depth ])
	</pre>
	<p>Defines the markup tags that enclose the whole index via the
	<code class="literal">:open</code> and <code class=
	"literal">:close</code> parameters. Examples:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-index :open "Here comes the index~n"
	:close "That's all folks!~n")
	</pre>
	<p>defines that the <code class="literal">:open</code> string is
	printed before the rest of the index and the <code class=
	"literal">:close</code> string appears after the index is
	printed.</p>
	<p>Additionally one can specify the form of the generated index. It
	is possible to produce flat indexes by specifying the switch
	<code class="literal">:flat</code>, to generate a tree with the
	<code class="literal">:tree</code> switch or any kind of mixture
	between both by specifying the depth up to which trees shall be
	built with the parameter <code class="literal">:hierdepth</code>.
	Its argument depth is the number of layers that can be formed into
	a tree. Therefore <code class="literal">:flat</code> is an
	abbrevation of <code class="literal">:hierdepth 0</code> and
	<code class="literal">:tree</code> is an abbrevation of
	<code class="literal">:hierdepth max-depth</code>, with
	<code class="literal">max-depth</code> being the maximum number of
	layers a keyword has. An example: the keywords</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	("tree" "binary" "AVL")
	("tree" "binary" "natural")
	</pre>
	<p>can be transformed in the following ways:</p>
	<p>A flat index (<code class="literal">:flat</code> or <code class=
	"literal">:hierdepth 0</code>)</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	tree binary AVL
	tree binary natural
	</pre>
	<p>with <code class="literal">:hierdepth 1</code></p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	tree
	binary AVL
	binary natural
	</pre>
	<p>and a tree (<code class="literal">:tree</code> or <code class=
	"literal">:hierdepth > 1</code>)</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	tree
	binary
	AVL
	natural
	</pre>
	<p>Most often one will create tree-like indexes or ones that are
	flat.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.2.4 markup-indexentry-list">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="markup-indexentry-list" name=
	"markup-indexentry-list"></a>1.2.4 <code class=
	"literal">markup-indexentry-list</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-indexentry-list [:open string] [:close string]
	[:sep string] [:depth integer])

	(markup-indexentry [:open string] [:close string]
	[:depth integer])
	</pre>
	<p>Letter groups consists of a list of index entries. The command
	<code class="literal">markup-indexentry-list</code> defines the
	markup of these lists. The markup can be specialized on the depth
	if the index is hierarchically organized. The command</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-indexentry-list :open "\begin{IdxentList}"
	:close "\end{IdxentList}"
	:sep "~n")
	</pre>
	<p>defines that the index entries of all layers are wrapped into
	the given markup tags. If additionally</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-indexentry-list :open "\begin{IdxentListII}"
	:close "\end{IdxentListII}"
	:sep "~n"
	:depth 2)
	</pre>
	<p>is defined, all index entry lists of all layers (except layer 2)
	are tagged according to the first specification, and the index
	entry list within depth 2 are tagged according to the second
	rule.</p>
	<p>The command <code class="literal">markup-indexentry</code>
	defines the markup of an index entry at a given depth. Since index
	entries may also contain subentries and the markup for subentries
	may be different in different layers, the optional keyword argument
	<code class="literal">:depth</code> can be used to assign different
	markup for different layers. If depth is ommited the default markup
	for all possible depths is defined. The top-most index entries have
	depth 0.</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-indexentry :open "\begin{Indexentry}"
	:close "\end{Indexentry}")
	</pre>
	<p>defines that the index entries of all layers are wrapped into
	the given markup tags. If additionally</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-indexentry :open "\begin{IndexentryII}"
	:close "\end{IndexentryII}"
	:depth 2)
	</pre>
	<p>is defined, all index entries of all layers (except layer 2) are
	tagged according to the first specification, and the index entries
	with depth 2 are tagged according to the second rule.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.2.5 markup-keyword-list">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="markup-keyword-list" name=
	"markup-keyword-list"></a>1.2.5 <code class=
	"literal">markup-keyword-list</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-keyword-list [:open string] [:close string]
	[:sep string] [:depth integer])

	(markup-keyword [:open string] [:close string]
	[:depth integer])
	</pre>
	<p>The print key of an index entry consists of a list of strings.
	The markup of this list can be defined with the command
	<code class="literal">markup-keyword-list</code>. The keyword
	argument <code class="literal">:depth</code> may be specified to
	define the markup of the list at a particular depth.</p>
	<p>The keyword of an index entry consists of a list of strings.
	Each of these components is tagged with the strings defined with
	the command <code class="literal">markup-keyword</code>. Since we
	maybe need different markup for different layers, the optional
	keyword argument can be used to specialize this markup for some
	depth.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.2.6 markup-letter-group-list">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="markup-letter-group-list" name=
	"markup-letter-group-list"></a>1.2.6 <code class=
	"literal">markup-letter-group-list</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-letter-group-list [:open string] [:close string]
	[:sep string])

	(markup-letter-group [:open string] [:close string] [:group group-name]
	[:open-head string] [:close-head string]
	[:upcase \| :downcase \| :capitalize])
	</pre>
	<p>The first command defines the markup of the letter group with
	name <code class="literal">group-name</code>. Since the markup of
	letter groups often contains the name of the letter group as a part
	of it, the other keyword arguments allow an additional markup for
	this group name. If one of the parameters <code class=
	"literal">:open-head</code> and <code class=
	"literal">:close-head</code> is specified additional markup is
	added as can be described as follows:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	<OPEN>
	IF (:open-head OR :close-head)
	<OPEN-HEAD>
	transformer-of(<GROUP-NAME>)
	<CLOSE-HEAD>
	FI
	<INDEXENTRIES...>
	<CLOSE>
	</pre>
	<p>Here, <code class="literal">transformer-of</code> is a function
	that possibly transforms the string representing the group name
	into another string. The transformers we currently support can be
	specified with the switches <code class="literal">:upcase</code>,
	<code class="literal">:downcase</code> and <code class=
	"literal">:capitalize</code> which result in the corresponding
	string conversions. If none of them is specified no transformation
	is done at all.</p>
	<p>The command <code class="literal">markup-letter-group</code>
	defines the markup of the list of letter groups.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.2.7 markup-locclass-list">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="markup-locclass-list" name=
	"markup-locclass-list"></a>1.2.7 <code class=
	"literal">markup-locclass-list</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-locclass-list [:open string] [:close string]
	[:sep string])
	</pre>
	<p>Each index entry contains a list of location class groups. This
	markup command can be used to define the markup of this list.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.2.8 markup-locref">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="markup-locref" name=
	"markup-locref"></a>1.2.8 <code class=
	"literal">markup-locref</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-locref [:open string] [:close string]
	[:class locref-class]
	[:attr attribute]
	[:depth integer])
	</pre>
	<p>The markup tags of a location reference can be specialized on
	the three arguments <code class="literal">:class</code>,
	<code class="literal">:attr</code> and additionally, if
	sub-references are used, <code class="literal">:depth</code>. Most
	often one will only use a tag depending on the attribute. For
	example, all location references with the attribute <code class=
	"literal">definition</code> should appear in a font series like
	bold, emphasizing the importance of this location reference; those
	with the attribute <code class="literal">default</code> in font
	shape italic. The markup in this case would not specialize on the
	depth or any particular class. A valid definition, suitable for a
	usage within HTML, could look like this.</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-locref :open "<B>" :close "</B>" :attr "definition")
	(markup-locref :open "<I>" :close "</I>" :attr "default")
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="1.2.9 markup-locref-class">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="markup-locref-class" name=
	"markup-locref-class"></a>1.2.9 <code class=
	"literal">markup-locref-class</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-locref-class [:open string] [:close string]
	[:class locref-class])
	</pre>
	<p>All location references of a particular location reference class
	can be wrapped into the tags defined by this command. It
	specializes on the keyword argument <code class=
	"literal">:class</code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.2.10 markup-locref-layer">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="markup-locref-layer" name=
	"markup-locref-layer"></a>1.2.10 <code class=
	"literal">markup-locref-layer</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-locref-layer [:open string] [:close string]
	[:depth integer] [:layer integer]
	[:class locref-class])

	(markup-locref-layer-list [:open string] [:close string]
	[:sep string]
	[:depth integer]
	[:class locref-class])
	</pre>
	<p>A location reference contains a list of location reference
	layers. The second markup command can be used to markup this list.
	It specializes on the class of the location references and the
	depth (if sub-references are used).</p>
	<p>The first command allows to tag the elements of a layer list
	differently. The first element of this list can is specialisable
	with <code class="literal">:layer 0</code>, the next element with
	<code class="literal">:layer 1</code>, etc. See the next example
	for an example.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.2.11 markup-locref-list">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="markup-locref-list" name=
	"markup-locref-list"></a>1.2.11 <code class=
	"literal">markup-locref-list</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-locref-list [:open string] [:close string] [:sep string]
	[:depth integer] [:class locref-class])
	</pre>
	<p>An attribute group contains a list of location references and/or
	ranges. Additionally a layered location reference itself may
	contain sub-references that are stored as a list of location
	references. We specialize the markup for these lists on the
	location class they belong to with the keyword argument
	<code class="literal">:class</code>, and on <code class=
	"literal">:depth</code> that specializes on the different subentry
	levels when using location references with sub-references.</p>
	<p>Given is a list of location references that have the class
	description</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(define-location-class "Appendix"
	("ALPHA" :sep "-" "arabic-numbers")
	:hierdepth 2)
	</pre>
	<p>This location class has instances like <code class=
	"literal">A-1</code>, <code class="literal">B-5</code>, etc. The
	keyword argument <code class="literal">:hierdepth 2</code> informs
	xindy to markup these location references in a hierarchical form.
	With the commands</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-locref-list :sep "; "
	:depth 0 :class "Appendix")
	(markup-locref-list :open " " :sep ","
	:depth 1 :class "Appendix")
	(markup-locref-layer :open "{\bf " :close "}" :layer 0
	:depth 0 :class "Appendix")
	</pre>
	<p>we obtain a markup sequence for some example data that could
	look like</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\bf A} 1,2,5; {\bf B} 5,6,9; {\bf D} 1,5,8; ...
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title="1.2.12 markup-range">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="markup-range" name=
	"markup-range"></a>1.2.12 <code class=
	"literal">markup-range</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-range [:open string] [:close string] [:sep string]
	[:class locref-class]
	[:length num] [:ignore-end])
	</pre>
	<p>A range consists of two location references. Markup can be
	specified with the <code class="literal">:open</code> and
	<code class="literal">:close</code> arguments and one separator
	given by the argument <code class="literal">:sep</code>.</p>
	<p>Since both location references are tagged with markup defined by
	the command <code class="literal">markup-locref</code> a
	specialization on attributes or depth is not necessary.
	Specialization is allowed on the class they belong to, because the
	separator between two location refences may be different for each
	location class. Argument <code class="literal">:length</code> can
	be used to define different markup for different lengths. In
	conjunction with <code class="literal">:length</code> is may be
	useful not to print the second location reference at all. For
	example, one wishes to markup ranges of length 1 in the form Xf.
	instead of X--Y. This can be accomplished with the switch
	<code class="literal">:ignore-end</code>.</p>
	<p>The markup tags for a range (X,Y) can be described as
	follows:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	<OPEN>
	Markup of location reference X
	<SEP>
	IF (not :ignore-end)
	Markup of location reference Y
	FI
	<CLOSE>
	</pre>
	<p>The following tags can be used to define a range of page numbers
	(given in a location class <code class=
	"literal">page-numbers</code>) without considering the open and
	close parameters:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-range :sep "-" :class "page-numbers")
	</pre>
	<p>Location ranges then appear separated by a hyphen in a form like
	this:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	..., 5-8, 19-23, ...
	</pre></div>
	<div class="section" title=
	"1.2.13 (markup-trace [:on] [:open string] [:close string])">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h4 class="title"><a id="markup-trace" name=
	"markup-trace"></a>1.2.13 <code class="literal">(markup-trace [:on]
	[:open string] [:close string])</code></h4>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<p>This command can be used to activate the tracing of all markup
	commands xindy executes. The switch <code class=
	"literal">:on</code> activates the trace. If <code class=
	"literal">:on</code> is omitted, the command line flag <code class=
	"literal">-t</code> can be used as well. All tags which are emitted
	but not yet defined explicitly by the user are tagged with a
	symbolic notation indicating the commands that must be used to
	define this tag. The defaults for the keyword argument <code class=
	"literal">:open</code> is <code class="literal">`<'</code> and
	for <code class="literal">:close</code> is <code class=
	"literal">`>'</code>. The beginning of an example output could
	look like:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	<INDEX:OPEN>
	<LETTER-GROUP-LIST:OPEN>
	<LETTER-GROUP:OPEN ["a"]>
	<INDEXENTRY-LIST:OPEN [0]>
	<INDEXENTRY:OPEN [0]>
	<KEYWORD-LIST:OPEN [0]>
	<KEYWORD:OPEN [0]>
	...
	</pre>
	<p>We use a simple indentation scheme to make the structure of the
	tags visible. The symbolic tag <code class=
	"literal"><LETTER-GROUP:OPEN ["a"]></code> for example
	indicates that the tag that can be specified with the command</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-letter-group :open "XXX" :group "a" ... )
	</pre>
	<p>is emitted at this point in the markup process. By incrementally
	adding markup commands to the index, more and more tags can be
	defined until the whole markup is defined. This general mechanism
	should allow everyone understand the markup process. The best is to
	start with a small index, define the complete markup and afterwards
	process the whole index. Additionally one can enclose the symbolic
	tags into an environment that is neutral to the document
	preparation system, such as a comment. For TeX this could be</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-trace :open "%%" :close "~n")
	</pre>
	<p>or a definition in the TeX document like</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	\def\ignore#1{}
	</pre>
	<p>combined with the command</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(markup-trace :open "\ignore{" :close "}")
	</pre></div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="1.3 Raw Index Interface">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="xindy-command-list-raw-index" name=
	"xindy-command-list-raw-index"></a>1.3 Raw Index Interface</h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp12953120" class="indexterm" name="idp12953120"></a>
	<p>This section can be skipped if the reader is not interested in
	adapting xindy to a new document preparation system.</p>
	<p>The raw index is the file that represents the index that is to
	be processed. Since many different document preparation systems may
	use different forms of index representations, their output must be
	transformed in a form readable by xindy. We also could have written
	an configurable parser performing this task, but usually a tool
	written with some text processing tools such as <span class=
	"command"><strong>perl</strong></span>, <span class=
	"command"><strong>sed</strong></span> or <span class=
	"command"><strong>awk</strong></span> can achieve the same task as
	well. Therefore, adapting xindy to a completely different system
	can mostly be done by writing an appropriate raw index filter.</p>
	<p>The format of the raw index interface of xindy is defined as
	follows:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(indexentry { :key string-list [:print string-list]
	\| :tkey list-of-layers }
	[:attr string]
	{ :locref string [:open-range \| :close-range]
	\| :xref string-list } )
	</pre>
	<p>The pseudo variable <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>string</em></span> is a sequence of characters
	surrounded by double quotes, e.g.</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	"Hi, it's me" "one" "a string with two \"double quotes\""
	</pre>
	<p>are three examples of valid strings. If you need to include a
	double quote as a literal character, you must quote it itself with
	a backslash as shown in the third example. A <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>string list</em></span> is simply a list of strings
	separated by whitespaces and surrounded by round braces. An example
	of a string list is</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	("This" "is" "a" "list" "of" "strings")
	</pre>
	<p>So far about the syntax. The semantics of the different elements
	are described here.</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">:key</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>The argument <span class="emphasis"><em>string list</em></span>
	defines the keyword of the index entry. It must be a list of
	strings, since the keyword may consist of different layers such as
	<code class="literal">("heap" "fibonacci")</code>.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">:print</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>The optional <span class="emphasis"><em>print key</em></span>
	defines the way the keyword has to be printed in the markup
	phase.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">:tkey</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>Another possibility to define the keys of an index entry is with
	the <code class="literal">:tkey</code> keyword argument. It can be
	used instead of the <code class="literal">:key</code> and
	<code class="literal">:print</code> arguments. Instead of
	specifying separately the key and the corresponding print key, we
	define the keyword by its layers. Each layer consist of a list of
	one or two strings. The first string will be interpreted as the
	main key, whereas the second one will become the print key. If the
	print key is ommited, the main key is taken instead. So the
	definition</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	:tkey (("This") ("is") ("a") ("bang" "BANG !!!"))
	</pre>
	<p>is equivalent to</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	:key ("This" "is" "a" "bang")
	:print ("This" "is" "a" "BANG !!!")
	</pre></dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">:locref</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>The reference an index entry describes can be a <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>location reference</em></span> or a <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>cross reference</em></span>. The switch <code class=
	"literal">:locref</code> describes a location reference. Its
	optional arguments are <code class="literal">:open-range</code> and
	<code class="literal">:close-range</code>. The <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>string</em></span> that must be supplied must
	somehow encode the location reference. It might look like the
	string <code class="literal">"25"</code> representing the page
	number 25, or <code class="literal">"Appendix-I"</code>
	representing the first appendix numbered in uppercase roman
	numerals.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">:open-range,:close-range</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>These are switches that do not take any arguments. They describe
	the beginning and ending of a <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>range</em></span>, starting or ending from the
	location reference that is given by the argument <code class=
	"literal">:locref</code>. If they are supplied, the location
	reference may have influence on the way ranges are build.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">:xref</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>These arguments choose the second alternative. The argument
	<span class="emphasis"><em>string list</em></span> of parameter
	<code class="literal">:xref</code> describes where the index entry
	should point to.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term"><code class=
	"literal">:attr</code></span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>This parameter may be used to tag a location reference with a
	certain attribute or it names the class of a cross reference. It
	may also used to associate different markup for different
	attributes in the markup phase. If this parameter is omitted or is
	the empty string, the indexentry is declared to have the attribute
	<code class="literal">default</code>.</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<p>Some examples:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(indexentry :key ("airplane") :locref "25" :attr "default")
	</pre>
	<p>defines an index entry with the key <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>airplane'</em></span> indexed on page <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>25'</em></span>. This index entry has the attribute
	<code class="literal">default</code>.</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(indexentry :key ("house") :xref("building") :attr "see")
	</pre>
	<p>defines a cross reference with the key <code class=
	"literal">house</code> pointing to the term <code class=
	"literal">building</code>. This cross reference belongs to the
	cross reference class <code class="literal">see</code>.</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	(indexentry :key ("house") :xref("building") :open-range)
	</pre>
	<p>is an invalid specification, since <code class=
	"literal">:open-range</code> mustn't be used together with cross
	references.</p>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2 Invoking xindy">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="xindy-invoking" name=
	"xindy-invoking"></a>2 Invoking xindy</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp13002048" class="indexterm" name="idp13002048"></a>
	<div class="section" title="2.1 Command Line Options">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="xindy-invoking-cmdline" name=
	"xindy-invoking-cmdline"></a>2.1 Command Line Options</h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp13004688" class="indexterm" name="idp13004688"></a>
	<p>The following command line options are accepted:</p>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	xindy [-h] [-t] [-v] [-l logfile] [-o outfile]
	[-L n] [-f filterprog]
	indexstyle raw-index
	</pre>
	<p>The argument <code class="literal">indexstyle</code> names a
	file, containing the index style description. The argument
	<code class="literal">raw-index</code> names a file, containing the
	raw index. Both arguments are mandatory.</p>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term">-h</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>Gives a short summary of all command line options.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">-l</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>Writes helpful information into the specified <code class=
	"literal">logfile</code>. For example, the keyword mappings are
	written into this file, so one can check if the intended mappings
	were actually performed this way.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">-o</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>Explicitly defines the name of the <code class=
	"literal">output</code> file. If not given, the name of the
	<code class="literal">raw-index</code> is used with its extension
	changed to <code class="literal">.ind</code> (or added, if it had
	no extension at all).</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">-t</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>Enters tracing mode of the symbolic markup tags. The format of
	the emitted tags can be defined with the command <code class=
	"literal">markup-trace</code>.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">-L</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>Set the xindy logging-level to <code class=
	"literal">n</code>.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">-f</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>Run <code class="literal">filterprog</code> on <code class=
	"literal">raw-index</code> before reading. The program must act as
	a filter reading from <code class="literal">stdin</code> and
	writing to <code class="literal">stdout</code>. The most obvious
	use of this option in conjunction with TeX is to run <code class=
	"literal">-f tex2xindy</code> on the index file prior to reading
	the entries into xindy.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>Shows the version number of xindy.</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<p>Errors and warnings are reported to <code class=
	"literal">stdout</code> and additionally to the logfile if
	<code class="literal">-l</code> was specified.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2.2 Search Path">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h3 class="title"><a id="xindy-search-path" name=
	"xindy-search-path"></a>2.2 Search Path</h3>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp13032720" class="indexterm" name="idp13032720"></a>
	<p>The system uses the concept of a search path for finding the
	index style files and modules. The searchpath can be set with the
	environment variable <code class="envar">XINDY_SEARCHPATH</code>
	which must contain a list of colon-separated directories. If it
	ends with a colon, the built-in searchpath is added to the entire
	searchpath. See the command <a class="link" href=
	"#xindy-command-list-processing-searchpath" title=
	"1.1.12 searchpath">searchpath</a> for further details.</p>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div xml:lang="en" class="appendix" title=
	"Appendix A. Appendices" lang="en">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title"><a id="appendices" name=
	"appendices"></a>Appendix A. Appendices</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="toc">
	<p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p>
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#issues">1 Bugs / Known Issues /
	Missing Features</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#about">2 About this
	Document</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#release-news">3 Release
	News</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl">4 GNU Free Documentation
	License</a></span></dt>
	<dt><span class="index"><a href=
	"#tex-refs-idx">Index</a></span></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title=
	"1 Bugs / Known Issues / Missing Features">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="issues" name=
	"issues"></a>1 Bugs / Known Issues / Missing Features</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp13040576" class="indexterm" name="idp13040576"></a>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term">PDF</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>A PDF file is no longer supported.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">Texinfo</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>Currently we don't know any working solution to convert DocBook
	XML to Texinfo (at least not for a complex document). Anyone who
	wants to work on this issue is highly welcome. A starting point
	could be the <span class="emphasis"><em>docbook2X</em></span>
	project at <a class="ulink" href="http://docbook2x.sourceforge.net"
	target="_top">http://docbook2x.sourceforge.net</a>.</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">vim-help</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<p>Quite a few poeple are asking for a version in vim-help format.
	<a class="ulink" href="mailto:srinath@eecs.berkeley.edu" target=
	"_top">Srinath Avadhanula</a> has already done some work on
	this.</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="2 About this Document">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="about" name=
	"about"></a>2 About this Document</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<a id="idp13051152" class="indexterm" name="idp13051152"></a>
	<p>The source format of this document is <a class="ulink" href=
	"http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/docbook/" target=
	"_top">DocBook XML (V4.3)</a>.</p>
	<p>The various output formats were generated using:</p>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc">
	<li class="listitem"><a class="ulink" href=
	"http://xmlsoft.org/XSLT/" target="_top">xsltproc
	(libxml2-2.6.26/libxslt-1.1.26)</a> as XSLT processor</li>
	<li class="listitem"><a class="ulink" href=
	"http://sourceforge.net/projects/docbook" target="_top">DocBook XSL
	Stylesheets (V1.77.1)</a> for HTML and Epub</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	<p>You'll always find the newest version of this document at
	<a class="ulink" href="http://www.miwie.org/tex-refs/" target=
	"_top">http://www.miwie.org/tex-refs/</a>.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="3 Release News">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="release-news" name=
	"release-news"></a>3 Release News</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="variablelist">
	<dl>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.4.1 12-12-03</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Removed obsolete file still referenced in
	Makefile (no visible changes)</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.4.0 12-12-02</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Minor changes for Epub output</li>
	<li class="listitem">Added missing IDs on some sections and
	tables</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.3.9 05-05-14</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Consistent naming scheme of IDs to ease the
	use of this reference for other projects</li>
	<li class="listitem">Added new section <a class="link" href=
	"#float" title="3.3 float">float</a> in chapter <a class="link"
	href="#latex" title="2 LaTeX">LaTeX</a></li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.3.8 04-10-28</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Minor changes in <a class="link" href=
	"#page-styles" title="2.3.15 Page Styles">\maketitle</a></li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.3.7 04-08-26</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Corrected typos and markup errors in chapter
	<a class="link" href="#bibtex" title=
	"Chapter 5. BibTeX">BibTeX</a></li>
	<li class="listitem">Switched to DocBook XML V4.3</li>
	<li class="listitem">Added new section <a class="link" href=
	"#opt-latex" title="2.1 Options">Options</a> in chapter <a class=
	"link" href="#latex" title="2 LaTeX">LaTeX</a></li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.3.6 04-06-21</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Added a note in chapter <a class="link" href=
	"#latex" title="2 LaTeX">LaTeX</a> with the copyright and
	permission notice of the original file <code class=
	"filename">latex2.texi</code></li>
	<li class="listitem">Corrected typos and added missing hyperlinks
	in chapter <a class="link" href="#xindy" title=
	"Chapter 7. xindy">xindy</a></li>
	<li class="listitem">PDF file optimized/linearized and some
	finetuning</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.3.5 04-05-01</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Added content to chapters <a class="link"
	href="#metapost" title="Chapter 4. MetaPost">MetaPost</a>
	and <a class="link" href="#pdftex" title=
	"Chapter 2. pdfTeX">pdfTeX</a></li>
	<li class="listitem">Enhanced index for chapter <a class="link"
	href="#metapost" title=
	"Chapter 4. MetaPost">Make-Index</a></li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.3.4 04-04-24</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Version control system changed from CVS to
	SVN</li>
	<li class="listitem">Added missing entries to chapter <a class=
	"link" href="#makeindex" title=
	"Chapter 6. Make-Index">Make-Index</a></li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.3.3 04-01-26</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Corrected again section <a class="link" href=
	"#makeindex-output-style-specs" title=
	"2.2 Output Style Specifiers">Output Style Specifiers</a> and
	<a class="link" href="#makeindex-style" title=
	"2.1 Input Style Specifiers">Input Style Specifiers</a> of chapter
	<a class="link" href="#makeindex" title=
	"Chapter 6. Make-Index">Make-Index</a></li>
	<li class="listitem">Corrected some symbols in the index</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.3.2 04-01-16</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Corrected sections <a class="link" href=
	"#makeindex-output-style-specs" title=
	"2.2 Output Style Specifiers">Output Style Specifiers</a> and
	<a class="link" href="#makeindex-style" title=
	"2.1 Input Style Specifiers">Input Style Specifiers</a> of chapter
	<a class="link" href="#makeindex" title=
	"Chapter 6. Make-Index">Make-Index</a></li>
	<li class="listitem">Enhanced index in PDF</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.3.1 04-01-06</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">More work on PDF</li>
	<li class="listitem">Modularized XSL stylesheet files</li>
	<li class="listitem">Corrected some typos</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.3.0 03-12-25</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Changed document root to <span class=
	"emphasis"><em>book</em></span></li>
	<li class="listitem">More work on PDF version</li>
	<li class="listitem">Using new XSL stylesheets V1.64.1</li>
	<li class="listitem">Minor fixes</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.2.6 03-10-27</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Rearranged appendix</li>
	<li class="listitem">Work on PDF version</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.2.5 03-10-17</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Added contents of <a class="link" href="#gfdl"
	title="4 GNU Free Documentation License">GNU FDL</a> in
	appendix</li>
	<li class="listitem">Using new XSL stylesheets V1.62.4</li>
	<li class="listitem">Switched to <a class="ulink" href=
	"http://xmlsoft.org/XSLT/" target="_top"><code class=
	"literal">xsltproc</code></a> as XSLT-processor</li>
	<li class="listitem">Reedited some deeply nested sections</li>
	<li class="listitem">Changed colors in CSS</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.2.4 03-09-06</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Added subsection <a class="link" href=
	"#dcolumn" title="3.2 dcolumn"><code class=
	"literal">dcolumn</code></a></li>
	<li class="listitem">Subsection <a class="link" href="#fontenc"
	title="3.4 fontenc"><code class="literal">fontenc</code></a>
	translated into english</li>
	<li class="listitem">Corrected typo in <a class="link" href=
	"#cmd-sbox" title="2.3.17. \sbox"><code class=
	"filename">\sbox</code></a></li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.2.3 03-04-12</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Provide PDF output using <a class="ulink"
	href="http://www.pragma-ade.com/" target="_top">ConTeXt</a> and
	<a class="ulink" href=
	"http://www.hobby.nl/~scaprea/context/index.html" target=
	"_top">DocBook In ConTeXt</a> (still experimental)</li>
	<li class="listitem">Reedited (beautified) sections LaTeX /
	Commands / <a class="link" href="#counters" title=
	"2.3.1 Counters">Counters</a> \| <a class="link" href=
	"#cross-references" title="2.3.2 Cross References">Cross
	References</a> \| <a class="link" href="#definitions" title=
	"2.3.3 Definitions">Definitions</a> \| <a class="link" href=
	"#layout" title="2.3.5 Layout">Layout</a> \| <a class="link" href=
	"#env-latex" title="2.3.6 Environments">Environments</a> \|
	<a class="link" href="#footnotes" title=
	"2.3.7 Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.2.2 03-01-26</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Added bzip2 compressed version of source and
	outfiles tarball</li>
	<li class="listitem">Using new XSL stylesheets V1.60.1</li>
	<li class="listitem">Eliminated more spurious &Acirc;
	characters in HTML output</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.2.1 03-01-18</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Using new XSL stylesheets V1.59.2</li>
	<li class="listitem">Eliminated spurious &Acirc;
	characters</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.2.0 03-01-11</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Using new XSL stylesheets V1.58.1</li>
	<li class="listitem">Minor changes to CSS file</li>
	<li class="listitem">License changed to <a class="ulink" href=
	"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html" target="_top">GNU Free
	Documentation License</a></li>
	<li class="listitem">Added subsection <a class="link" href=
	"#pstricks-commands" title="4.2.2 Commands and Parameters">Commands
	and Parameters</a> to section <a class="link" href="#pstricks"
	title="4.2 PSTricks">PSTricks</a></li>
	<li class="listitem">Reworked <a class="link" href="#inputenc"
	title="3.8 inputenc">inputenc</a> section</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.1.3 02-10-17</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Started rework of <a class="link" href=
	"#komascript" title="3.9 KOMA-Script">KOMA-Script</a> section</li>
	<li class="listitem">Added subsection <a class="link" href=
	"#pstricks-add-packages" title=
	"4.2.3 List of Additional PSTricks Packages">Additional PSTricks
	Packages</a></li>
	<li class="listitem">Using new XSL stylesheets V1.56.1</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.1.2 02-10-01</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Reworked <a class="link" href="#hyperref"
	title="3.7 hyperref">hyperref</a> section</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.1.1 02-09-19</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Added template sections for <a class="link"
	href="#pictex" title="4.1 PiCTeX (tbd.)">PiCTeX</a> and <a class=
	"link" href="#texinfo" title="7 Texinfo (tbd.)">Texinfo</a></li>
	<li class="listitem">Added subsection <a class="link" href=
	"#release-news" title="3 Release News">Release News</a> in appendix
	<a class="link" href="#about" title="2 About this Document">About
	this Document</a></li>
	<li class="listitem">Using new XSL stylesheets V1.55.0</li>
	<li class="listitem">Added missing CSS file to outfiles
	tarball</li>
	<li class="listitem">Corrected wrong FPI</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.1.0 02-08-20</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Eliminated trailing '.' in numbered
	sections</li>
	<li class="listitem">Minor markup errors corrected</li>
	<li class="listitem">Reworked CSS file</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.0.5 02-08-10</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Switched to DocBook XML 4.2</li>
	<li class="listitem">Sections 'Bibindex' and 'xindy' completed</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.0.4 02-07-25</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">Section 'Makeindex' completed</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.0.3 02-07-13</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">New XSL stylesheets solve bug in creating
	index (no other changes)</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.0.2 02-07-05</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">New (template) sections 'fontinst', 'Bibtex',
	'Makeindex', and 'xindy'</li>
	<li class="listitem">New section 'Special Symbols'</li>
	<li class="listitem">Added information for 'german' package</li>
	<li class="listitem">Registered as a new project (tex-refs) on
	freshmeat.net</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	<dt><span class="term">V0.0.1 02-06-21</span></dt>
	<dd>
	<div class="itemizedlist">
	<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc" compact="compact">
	<li class="listitem">First official announcement</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="section" title="4 GNU Free Documentation License">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="gfdl" name=
	"gfdl"></a>4 GNU Free Documentation License</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<h5 class="title"><a id="idp13212128" name=
	"idp13212128"></a>Version 1.2, November 2002</h5>
	<pre class="programlisting">
	Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
	59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
	Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
	of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.


	0. PREAMBLE

	The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
	functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
	assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
	with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
	Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
	to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
	for modifications made by others.

	This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
	works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
	complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
	license designed for free software.

	We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
	software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
	program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
	software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
	it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
	whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
	principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.


	1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

	This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
	contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
	distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
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	work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below,
	refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
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	copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
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	A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
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	A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
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	The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
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	The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
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	Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
	License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
	implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
	no effect on the meaning of this License.


	2. VERBATIM COPYING

	You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
	commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
	copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
	to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
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	compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
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	You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
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	3. COPYING IN QUANTITY

	If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
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	copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
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	If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
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	If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
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	It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
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	them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.


	4. MODIFICATIONS

	You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
	the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
	the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
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	and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
	of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:

	A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
	from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
	(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
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	B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
	responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
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	C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
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	D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
	E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
	adjacent to the other copyright notices.
	F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
	giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
	terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
	G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
	and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
	H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
	I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add
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	there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one
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	J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
	public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
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	You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
	least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
	publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
	K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
	Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
	the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
	and/or dedications given therein.
	L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
	unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
	or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
	M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
	may not be included in the Modified Version.
	N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements"
	or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
	O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.

	If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
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	of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
	list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
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	You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
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	you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
	permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.

	The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
	give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
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	5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

	You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
	License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
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	Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
	list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
	license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.

	The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
	multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
	copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
	different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
	adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
	author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
	Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
	Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.

	In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
	in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
	"History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
	and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
	Entitled "Endorsements".


	6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

	You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
	released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
	License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
	the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
	verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.

	You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
	it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
	License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
	other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.


	7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

	A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
	and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
	distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
	resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
	of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
	When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
	apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
	derivative works of the Document.

	If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
	copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
	the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
	covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
	electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
	Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
	aggregate.


	8. TRANSLATION

	Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
	distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
	Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
	permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
	translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
	original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
	translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
	Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
	the original English version of this License and the original versions
	of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
	the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
	or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.

	If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
	"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
	its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
	title.


	9. TERMINATION

	You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
	as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
	copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
	automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
	parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
	License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
	parties remain in full compliance.


	10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

	The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
	of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
	versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
	differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
	http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

	Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
	If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
	License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
	following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
	of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
	Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
	number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
	as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.


	ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents

	To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
	the License in the document and put the following copyright and
	license notices just after the title page:

	Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
	Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
	under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
	or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
	with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
	A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
	Free Documentation License".

	If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
	replace the "with...Texts." line with this:

	with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
	Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.

	If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
	combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
	situation.

	If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
	recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
	free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
	to permit their use in free software.
	</pre></div>
	<div class="index" title="Index">
	<div class="titlepage">
	<div>
	<div>
	<h2 class="title"><a id="tex-refs-idx" name=
	"tex-refs-idx"></a>Index</h2>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="index">
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>Symbols</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>$, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>\!, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>\' (tabbing), <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\(, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>\), <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>\+, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\,, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>\- (hyphenation), <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>\- (tabbing) , <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\;, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>\< , <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\=, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\>, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\a, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\addcontentsline, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#table-of-contents">Table of Contents</a></dt>
	<dt>\address, <a class="indexterm" href="#letters">Letters</a></dt>
	<dt>\addtocontents, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#table-of-contents">Table of Contents</a></dt>
	<dt>\addtocounter{counter}{value}, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#counters">Counters</a></dt>
	<dt>\addtolength, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#lengths">Lengths</a></dt>
	<dt>\addvspace, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces & Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\alph, <a class="indexterm" href="#counters">Counters</a></dt>
	<dt>\Alph, <a class="indexterm" href="#counters">Counters</a></dt>
	<dt>\appendix, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#sectioning">Sectioning</a></dt>
	<dt>\arabic, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#counters">Counters</a></dt>
	<dt>\areaset, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-page-layout">Page-Layout</a></dt>
	<dt>\author, <a class="indexterm" href="#page-styles">Page
	Styles</a></dt>
	<dt>\backslash, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#special-characters">Special Characters</a></dt>
	<dt>\begin, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\bfseries, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\bibitem, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\bibliography, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\bibliographystyle, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\bigskip, <a class="indexterm" href="#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces
	& Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\bm, <a class="indexterm" href="#bm-package">bm</a></dt>
	<dt>\boldsymbol, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#amsmath">amsmath</a></dt>
	<dt>\boldsymbold, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bm-package">bm</a></dt>
	<dt>\caption, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\cc, <a class="indexterm" href="#letters">Letters</a></dt>
	<dt>\cdots, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>\centering, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\chapter, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#sectioning">Sectioning</a></dt>
	<dt>\circle, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\cite, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\cleardoublepage, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>\clearpage, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>\cline, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\closing, <a class="indexterm" href="#letters">Letters</a></dt>
	<dt>\COLON, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>\dashbox, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\date, <a class="indexterm" href="#page-styles">Page
	Styles</a></dt>
	<dt>\ddots, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>\depth, <a class="indexterm" href="#lengths">Lengths</a></dt>
	<dt>\documentclass, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#document-classes">Document Classes</a></dt>
	<dt>\dotfill, <a class="indexterm" href="#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces
	& Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\emph, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\encl, <a class="indexterm" href="#letters">Letters</a></dt>
	<dt>\end, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\enlargethispage, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>\ensuremath{}, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>\fbox, <a class="indexterm" href="#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces
	& Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\floatname, <a class="indexterm" href="#float">float</a></dt>
	<dt>\floatplacement, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#float">float</a></dt>
	<dt>\floatstyle, <a class="indexterm" href="#float">float</a></dt>
	<dt>\flushbottom, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#layout">Layout</a></dt>
	<dt>\fnsymbol, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#counters">Counters</a></dt>
	<dt>\fontencoding, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\fontfamily, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\fontseries, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\fontshape, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\fontsize, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\footnote, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#footnotes">Footnotes</a></dt>
	<dt>\footnotemark, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#footnotes">Footnotes</a></dt>
	<dt>\footnotesize, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\footnotetext, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#footnotes">Footnotes</a></dt>
	<dt>\frac, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>\frame, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\framebox, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a>, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces & Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\fussy, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>\graphicspath, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#graphicspath">\graphicspath</a></dt>
	<dt>\height, <a class="indexterm" href="#lengths">Lengths</a></dt>
	<dt>\hfill, <a class="indexterm" href="#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces
	& Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\hline, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\hrulefill, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces & Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\hspace, <a class="indexterm" href="#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces
	& Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\huge, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\Huge, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\hyphenation, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>\include, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#splitting-the-input">Splitting the Input</a></dt>
	<dt>\includegraphics, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#includegraphics">\includegraphics</a></dt>
	<dt>\includeonly, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#splitting-the-input">Splitting the Input</a></dt>
	<dt>\indent, <a class="indexterm" href="#making-paragraphs">Making
	Paragraphs</a></dt>
	<dt>\input, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#splitting-the-input">Splitting the Input</a></dt>
	<dt>\item, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\itshape, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\kill, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\label, <a class="indexterm" href="#cross-references">Cross
	References</a></dt>
	<dt>\large, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\Large, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\LARGE, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\ldots, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>\lefteqn, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\line, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\linebreak, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>\linethickness, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\listof, <a class="indexterm" href="#float">float</a></dt>
	<dt>\listoffigures, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#table-of-contents">Table of Contents</a></dt>
	<dt>\listoftables, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#table-of-contents">Table of Contents</a></dt>
	<dt>\location, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#letters">Letters</a></dt>
	<dt>\makebox, <a class="indexterm" href="#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces
	& Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\makebox (picture), <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\makelabels, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#letters">Letters</a></dt>
	<dt>\maketitle, <a class="indexterm" href="#page-styles">Page
	Styles</a></dt>
	<dt>\markboth, <a class="indexterm" href="#page-styles">Page
	Styles</a></dt>
	<dt>\markright, <a class="indexterm" href="#page-styles">Page
	Styles</a></dt>
	<dt>\mathbf, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\mathcal, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\mathit, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\mathnormal, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\mathrm, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\mathsf, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\mathtt, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\mathversion, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\mbox, <a class="indexterm" href="#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces
	& Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\mdseries, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\medskip, <a class="indexterm" href="#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces
	& Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\multicolumn, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\multiput, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\name, <a class="indexterm" href="#letters">Letters</a></dt>
	<dt>\newcommand, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#definitions">Definitions</a></dt>
	<dt>\newcounter, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#counters">Counters</a></dt>
	<dt>\newenvironment, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#definitions">Definitions</a></dt>
	<dt>\newfloat, <a class="indexterm" href="#float">float</a></dt>
	<dt>\newfont, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#definitions">Definitions</a></dt>
	<dt>\newlength, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#lengths">Lengths</a></dt>
	<dt>\newline, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>\newpage, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>\newsavebox, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces & Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\newtheorem, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#definitions">Definitions</a></dt>
	<dt>\nocite, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\nofiles, <a class="indexterm" href="#table-of-contents">Table
	of Contents</a></dt>
	<dt>\noindent, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#making-paragraphs">Making Paragraphs</a></dt>
	<dt>\nolinebreak, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>\nopagebreak, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>\normalfont, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\normalsize, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\onecolumn, <a class="indexterm" href="#layout">Layout</a></dt>
	<dt>\opening, <a class="indexterm" href="#letters">Letters</a></dt>
	<dt>\oval, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\overbrace, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>\overline, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>\pagebreak, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>\pagenumbering, <a class="indexterm" href="#page-styles">Page
	Styles</a></dt>
	<dt>\pageref, <a class="indexterm" href="#cross-references">Cross
	References</a></dt>
	<dt>\pagestyle, <a class="indexterm" href="#page-styles">Page
	Styles</a></dt>
	<dt>\par, <a class="indexterm" href="#making-paragraphs">Making
	Paragraphs</a></dt>
	<dt>\paragraph, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#sectioning">Sectioning</a></dt>
	<dt>\parbox, <a class="indexterm" href="#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces
	& Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\pmb, <a class="indexterm" href="#amsmath">amsmath</a></dt>
	<dt>\poptabs, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\ps, <a class="indexterm" href="#letters">Letters</a></dt>
	<dt>\pushtabs, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\put, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\raggedbottom, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#layout">Layout</a></dt>
	<dt>\raggedleft, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\raggedright, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\raisebox, <a class="indexterm" href="#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces
	& Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\ref, <a class="indexterm" href="#cross-references">Cross
	References</a></dt>
	<dt>\refstepcounter, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#counters">Counters</a></dt>
	<dt>\restylefloat, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#float">float</a></dt>
	<dt>\rmfamily, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\roman, <a class="indexterm" href="#counters">Counters</a></dt>
	<dt>\Roman, <a class="indexterm" href="#counters">Counters</a></dt>
	<dt>\rule, <a class="indexterm" href="#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces
	& Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\samepage, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>\savebox, <a class="indexterm" href="#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces
	& Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\sbox, <a class="indexterm" href="#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces
	& Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\scriptsize, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\scshape, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\selectfont, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\setcounter, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#counters">Counters</a></dt>
	<dt>\setlength, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#lengths">Lengths</a></dt>
	<dt>\settodepth, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#lengths">Lengths</a></dt>
	<dt>\settoheight, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#lengths">Lengths</a></dt>
	<dt>\settowidth, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#lengths">Lengths</a></dt>
	<dt>\sffamily, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\shortstack, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\signature, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#letters">Letters</a></dt>
	<dt>\sloppy, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>\slshape, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\small, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\smallskip, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces & Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\sqrt, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>\startbreaks, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#letters">Letters</a></dt>
	<dt>\stepcounter, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#counters">Counters</a></dt>
	<dt>\stopbreaks, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#letters">Letters</a></dt>
	<dt>\subparagraph, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#sectioning">Sectioning</a></dt>
	<dt>\subsection, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#sectioning">Sectioning</a></dt>
	<dt>\subsubsection, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#sectioning">Sectioning</a></dt>
	<dt>\symbol, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#special-characters">Special Characters</a></dt>
	<dt>\tableofcontents, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#table-of-contents">Table of Contents</a></dt>
	<dt>\telephone, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#letters">Letters</a></dt>
	<dt>\textbf, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\textit, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\textmd, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\textnormal, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\textrm, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\textsc, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\textsf, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\textsl, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\texttt, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\textup, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\thanks, <a class="indexterm" href="#page-styles">Page
	Styles</a></dt>
	<dt>\thispagestyle, <a class="indexterm" href="#page-styles">Page
	Styles</a></dt>
	<dt>\tiny, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\title, <a class="indexterm" href="#page-styles">Page
	Styles</a></dt>
	<dt>\today, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\totalheight, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#lengths">Lengths</a></dt>
	<dt>\ttfamily, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\twocolumn, <a class="indexterm" href="#layout">Layout</a></dt>
	<dt>\typearea, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-page-layout">Page-Layout</a></dt>
	<dt>\typein, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#terminal-input-slash-output">Terminal Input/Output</a></dt>
	<dt>\typeout, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#terminal-input-slash-output">Terminal Input/Output</a></dt>
	<dt>\unboldmath, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bm-package">bm</a></dt>
	<dt>\underbrace, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>\underline, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>\upDelta, <a class="indexterm" href="#upDelta-upOmega">\upDelta
	/ \upOmega</a></dt>
	<dt>\upOmega, <a class="indexterm" href="#upDelta-upOmega">\upDelta
	/ \upOmega</a></dt>
	<dt>\upshape, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\usebox, <a class="indexterm" href="#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces
	& Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\usecounter, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#counters">Counters</a></dt>
	<dt>\usefont, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>\usepackage, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#document-classes">Document Classes</a></dt>
	<dt>\value, <a class="indexterm" href="#counters">Counters</a></dt>
	<dt>\vdots, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>\vector, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\verb, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\vfill, <a class="indexterm" href="#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces
	& Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\vline, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>\vpageref, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#varioref">varioref</a></dt>
	<dt>\vpagerefrange, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#varioref">varioref</a></dt>
	<dt>\vref, <a class="indexterm" href="#varioref">varioref</a></dt>
	<dt>\vrefrange, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#varioref">varioref</a></dt>
	<dt>\vspace, <a class="indexterm" href="#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces
	& Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\width, <a class="indexterm" href="#lengths">Lengths</a></dt>
	<dt>\[, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>\\, <a class="indexterm" href="#line-and-page-breaking">Line
	& Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>\], <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>\` (tabbing), <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>^, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>_, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>A</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>About this Document, <a class="indexterm" href="#about">About
	this Document</a></dt>
	<dt>Accents, <a class="indexterm" href="#special-symbols">Special
	Symbols</a></dt>
	<dt>Accessing any character of a font, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#special-characters">Special Characters</a></dt>
	<dt>Aligning Equations, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>amsmath, <a class="indexterm" href="#amsmath">amsmath</a></dt>
	<dt>ansinew, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#inputenc">inputenc</a></dt>
	<dt>Appendix, creating, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#sectioning">Sectioning</a></dt>
	<dt>applemac, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#inputenc">inputenc</a></dt>
	<dt>array, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Arrays, math, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Arrows, <a class="indexterm" href="#special-symbols">Special
	Symbols</a></dt>
	<dt>article class, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#document-classes">Document Classes</a></dt>
	<dt>Author, for titlepage, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#page-styles">Page Styles</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>B</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>BCOR, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>Bibliography, creating (automatically), <a class="indexterm"
	href="#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Bibliography, creating (manually), <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>BibTeX, <a class="indexterm" href="#bibtex">BibTeX</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>bib files, <a class="indexterm" href="#bibtex-bib-files">bib
	files</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>@STRING command, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-string-command">@STRING command</a></dt>
	<dt>Entry Format, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-entry-format">Entry Format</a></dt>
	<dt>Entry Types, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-entry-types">Entry Types</a></dt>
	<dt>Field Text, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-text">Field Text</a></dt>
	<dt>Field Types, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types">Field Types</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>bst files, <a class="indexterm" href="#bibtex-bst-files">bst
	files</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>ABBRV.BST, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-bst-abbr">ABBRV.BST</a></dt>
	<dt>ALPHA.BST, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-bst-alpha">ALPHA.BST</a></dt>
	<dt>PLAIN.BST, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-bst-plain">PLAIN.BST</a></dt>
	<dt>SAMPLE.BST, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-bst-sample">SAMPLE.BST</a></dt>
	<dt>UNSRT.BST, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-bst-unsrt">UNSRT.BST</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>Command Qualifiers, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-command-qualifiers">Command Qualifiers</a></dt>
	<dt>Entry Types</dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>article entry, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-entry-types-article">article entry</a></dt>
	<dt>book entry, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-entry-types-book">book entry</a></dt>
	<dt>booklet entry, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-entry-types-booklet">booklet entry</a></dt>
	<dt>conference entry, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-entry-types-conference">conference entry</a></dt>
	<dt>inbook entry, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-entry-types-inbook">inbook entry</a></dt>
	<dt>incollection entry, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-entry-types-incollection">incollection entry</a></dt>
	<dt>inproceedings entry, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-entry-types-inproceedings">inproceedings entry</a></dt>
	<dt>manual entry, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-entry-types-manual">manual entry</a></dt>
	<dt>mastersthesis entry, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-entry-types-mastersthesis">mastersthesis entry</a></dt>
	<dt>misc entry, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-entry-types-misc">misc entry</a></dt>
	<dt>phdthesis entry, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-entry-types-phdthesis">phdthesis entry</a></dt>
	<dt>proceedings entry, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-entry-types-proceedings">proceedings entry</a></dt>
	<dt>techreport entry, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-entry-types-techreport">techreport entry</a></dt>
	<dt>unpublished entry, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-entry-types-unpublished">unpublished entry</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>Field Text</dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>Abbreviations, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-text-abbr">Abbreviations</a></dt>
	<dt>Names, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-text-names">Names</a></dt>
	<dt>Titles, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-text-titles">Titles</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>Field Types</dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>address field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-address">address field</a></dt>
	<dt>annote field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-annote">annote field</a></dt>
	<dt>author field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-author">author field</a></dt>
	<dt>booktitle field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-booktitle">booktitle field</a></dt>
	<dt>chapter field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-chapter">chapter field</a></dt>
	<dt>edition field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-edition">edition field</a></dt>
	<dt>editor field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-editor">editor field</a></dt>
	<dt>howpublished field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-howpublished">howpublished field</a></dt>
	<dt>institution field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-institution">institution field</a></dt>
	<dt>journal field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-journal">journal field</a></dt>
	<dt>key field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-key">key field</a></dt>
	<dt>month field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-month">month field</a></dt>
	<dt>note field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-note">note field</a></dt>
	<dt>number field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-number">number field</a></dt>
	<dt>organization field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-organization">organization field</a></dt>
	<dt>pages field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-pages">pages field</a></dt>
	<dt>publisher field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-publisher">publisher field</a></dt>
	<dt>school field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-school">school field</a></dt>
	<dt>series field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-series">series field</a></dt>
	<dt>title field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-title">title field</a></dt>
	<dt>type field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-type">type field</a></dt>
	<dt>volume field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-volume">volume field</a></dt>
	<dt>year field, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-field-types-year">year field</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>Parameters, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#bibtex-parameters">Parameters</a></dt>
	<dt>using, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>Binary Operators, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#special-symbols">Special Symbols</a></dt>
	<dt>bm, <a class="indexterm" href="#bm-package">bm</a></dt>
	<dt>book class, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#document-classes">Document Classes</a></dt>
	<dt>Boxes, <a class="indexterm" href="#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces
	& Boxes</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>C</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>Cc list, <a class="indexterm" href="#letters">Letters</a></dt>
	<dt>center, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Centering text, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Centering text, environment for, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Characters, reserved, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#special-characters">Special Characters</a></dt>
	<dt>Characters, special, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#special-characters">Special Characters</a></dt>
	<dt>cite.sty, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Classes of document, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#document-classes">Document Classes</a></dt>
	<dt>Commands, defining new ones, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#definitions">Definitions</a></dt>
	<dt>Computer programs, typesetting, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>ConTeXt, <a class="indexterm" href="#context">ConTeXt
	(tbd.)</a></dt>
	<dt>Counters, a list of, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#counters">Counters</a></dt>
	<dt>Counters, creating, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#counters">Counters</a></dt>
	<dt>Counters, getting the value of, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#counters">Counters</a></dt>
	<dt>Counters, setting, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#counters">Counters</a></dt>
	<dt>cp850, <a class="indexterm" href="#inputenc">inputenc</a></dt>
	<dt>Creating letters, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#letters">Letters</a></dt>
	<dt>Creating pictures, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Creating tables, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Credits, <a class="indexterm" href="#credits">Credits</a></dt>
	<dt>Cross referencing, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#cross-references">Cross References</a></dt>
	<dt>Cross referencing using page number, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#cross-references">Cross References</a></dt>
	<dt>Cross referencing using section number, <a class="indexterm"
	href="#cross-references">Cross References</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>D</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>Date, for titlepage, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#page-styles">Page Styles</a></dt>
	<dt>dcolumn, <a class="indexterm" href="#dcolumn">dcolumn</a></dt>
	<dt>Defining a new command, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#definitions">Definitions</a></dt>
	<dt>Defining new environments, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#definitions">Definitions</a></dt>
	<dt>Defining new fonts, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#definitions">Definitions</a></dt>
	<dt>Defining new theorems, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#definitions">Definitions</a></dt>
	<dt>Delimiters, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#special-symbols">Special Symbols</a></dt>
	<dt>description, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Displaying quoted text, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation, <a class=
	"indexterm" href="#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>DIV, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>Document Classes, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#document-classes">Document Classes</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>E</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>Ellipsis, <a class="indexterm" href="#special-symbols">Special
	Symbols</a></dt>
	<dt>Enclosed material, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#letters">Letters</a></dt>
	<dt>Ending & Starting, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#starting-and-ending">Starting & Ending</a></dt>
	<dt>Enlarge current page, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>enumerate, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Environments, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Environments, defining, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#definitions">Definitions</a></dt>
	<dt>eqnarray, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>equation, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Equations, aligning, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Equations, environment for, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>exponent, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>F</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>figure, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Figures, footnotes in, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>float, <a class="indexterm" href="#float">float</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>\floatname, <a class="indexterm" href="#float">float</a></dt>
	<dt>\floatplacement, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#float">float</a></dt>
	<dt>\floatstyle, <a class="indexterm" href="#float">float</a></dt>
	<dt>\listof, <a class="indexterm" href="#float">float</a></dt>
	<dt>\newfloat, <a class="indexterm" href="#float">float</a></dt>
	<dt>\restylefloat, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#float">float</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>Flushing a page, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>flushleft, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>flushright, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Font commands, low-level, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>Font Sizes, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>Font Styles, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>fontenc, <a class="indexterm" href="#fontenc">fontenc</a></dt>
	<dt>fontinst, <a class="indexterm" href="#fontinst">fontinst
	(tbd.)</a></dt>
	<dt>Fonts, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>Fonts, new commands for, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#definitions">Definitions</a></dt>
	<dt>footexclude, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>footinclude, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>Footnotes in figures, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Footnotes, creating, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#footnotes">Footnotes</a></dt>
	<dt>Formatting Text, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Formulae, environment for, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Formulae, maths, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#math-formulae">Math Formulae</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>G</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>german, <a class="indexterm" href="#german">german</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>!-, <a class="indexterm" href="#german">german</a></dt>
	<dt>"", <a class="indexterm" href="#german">german</a></dt>
	<dt>"=, <a class="indexterm" href="#german">german</a></dt>
	<dt>"a, <a class="indexterm" href="#german">german</a></dt>
	<dt>"ck, <a class="indexterm" href="#german">german</a></dt>
	<dt>"ff, <a class="indexterm" href="#german">german</a></dt>
	<dt>"\|, <a class="indexterm" href="#german">german</a></dt>
	<dt>"~, <a class="indexterm" href="#german">german</a></dt>
	<dt><, <a class="indexterm" href="#german">german</a></dt>
	<dt>\-, <a class="indexterm" href="#german">german</a></dt>
	<dt>\dq, <a class="indexterm" href="#german">german</a></dt>
	<dt>\flq, <a class="indexterm" href="#german">german</a></dt>
	<dt>\flqq, <a class="indexterm" href="#german">german</a></dt>
	<dt>\frq, <a class="indexterm" href="#german">german</a></dt>
	<dt>\frqq, <a class="indexterm" href="#german">german</a></dt>
	<dt>\glq, <a class="indexterm" href="#german">german</a></dt>
	<dt>\glqq, <a class="indexterm" href="#german">german</a></dt>
	<dt>\grqq, <a class="indexterm" href="#german">german</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>Global options, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#document-classes">Document Classes</a></dt>
	<dt>graphics, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#graphics">graphics</a></dt>
	<dt>Greek letters, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>Greek Letters, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#special-symbols">Special Symbols</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>H</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>headexclude, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>headinclude, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>hyperref, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref">hyperref</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>commands</dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>\autoref, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-commands">Commands</a></dt>
	<dt>\href, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-commands">Commands</a></dt>
	<dt>\hyperbaseurl, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-commands">Commands</a></dt>
	<dt>\hyperimage, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-commands">Commands</a></dt>
	<dt>\hyperlink, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-commands">Commands</a></dt>
	<dt>\hyperref, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-commands">Commands</a></dt>
	<dt>\hypertarget, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-commands">Commands</a></dt>
	<dt>\nolinkurl, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-commands">Commands</a></dt>
	<dt>\texorpdfstring, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-commands">Commands</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>options</dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>4, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>a4paper, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>a5paper, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>anchorcolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>b5paper, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>backref, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>baseurl, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>bookmarks, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>bookmarksnumbered, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>bookmarksopen, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>bookmarksopenlevel, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>bookmarkstype, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>breaklinks, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>citebordercolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>citecolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>colorlinks, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>debug, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>draft, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>dvipdf, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>dvipdfm, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>dvips, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>dvipsone, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>dviwindo, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>executivepaper, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>extension, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>filebordercolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>filecolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>frenchlinks, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>hyperfigures, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>hyperindex, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>hypertex, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>hypertexnames, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>implicit, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>latex2html, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>legalpaper, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>letterpaper, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>linkbordercolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>linkcolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>linktocpage, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>menubordercolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>menucolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>naturalnames, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>nesting, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pageanchor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pagebackref, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pagebordercolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pagecolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pdfauthor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pdfborder, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pdfcenterwindow, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pdfcreator, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pdffitwindow, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pdfhighlight, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pdfkeywords, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pdfmenubar, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pdfnewwindow, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pdfpagelayout, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pdfpagemode, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pdfpagescrop, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pdfpagetransition, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pdfproducer, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pdfstartpage, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pdfstartview, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pdfsubject, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pdftex, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pdftitle, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pdftoolbar, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pdfview, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>pdfwindowui, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>plainpages, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>raiselinks, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>runbordercolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>tex4ht, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>textures, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>unicode, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>urlbordercolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>urlcolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>verbose, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dt>vtex, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref-options">Options</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>Hyphenation, defining, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>Hyphenation, forcing, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>I</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>Indent, forcing, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#making-paragraphs">Making Paragraphs</a></dt>
	<dt>Indent, suppressing, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#making-paragraphs">Making Paragraphs</a></dt>
	<dt>Input file, splitting, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#splitting-the-input">Splitting the Input</a></dt>
	<dt>Input/Output, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#terminal-input-slash-output">Terminal Input/Output</a></dt>
	<dt>inputenc, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#inputenc">inputenc</a></dt>
	<dt>Inserting figures, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>itemize, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>J</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>Justification, ragged left, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Justification, ragged right, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>K</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>Known Issues, <a class="indexterm" href="#issues">Bugs / Known
	Issues / Missing Features</a></dt>
	<dt>KOMA-Script, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript">KOMA-Script</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>scraddr, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scraddr">Address Files with scraddr</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>\Address{}, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scraddr">Address Files with scraddr</a></dt>
	<dt>\Comment{}, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scraddr">Address Files with scraddr</a></dt>
	<dt>\FirstName{}, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scraddr">Address Files with scraddr</a></dt>
	<dt>\FreeIII{}, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scraddr">Address Files with scraddr</a></dt>
	<dt>\FreeII{}, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scraddr">Address Files with scraddr</a></dt>
	<dt>\FreeIV{}, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scraddr">Address Files with scraddr</a></dt>
	<dt>\FreeI{}, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scraddr">Address Files with scraddr</a></dt>
	<dt>\InputAddressFile, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scraddr">Address Files with scraddr</a></dt>
	<dt>\LastName{}, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scraddr">Address Files with scraddr</a></dt>
	<dt>\Name{}, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scraddr">Address Files with scraddr</a></dt>
	<dt>\Telephone{}, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scraddr">Address Files with scraddr</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>scrlttr2, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>address, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>address files, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>backaddress, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>backaddressseparator, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>business line, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>carbon copy, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>ccseparator, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>circular letters, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>Closing, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>Closing Part, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>customer, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>date, <a class="indexterm" href="#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter
	Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>emailseparator, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>enclosure, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>enclseparator, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>faxseparator, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>font options, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>font selection, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>footer, <a class="indexterm" href="#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter
	Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>footnotes, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>format options, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>fromaddress, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>frombank, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>fromemail, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>fromfax, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>fromlogo, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>fromname, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>fromphone, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>fromurl, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>general document properties, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>invoice, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>language selection, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>language support, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>letter class option files, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>letter declaration, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>letterhead, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>lists, <a class="indexterm" href="#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter
	Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>location, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>margin notes, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>myref, <a class="indexterm" href="#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter
	Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>Opening, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>options, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>options for letterhead and address, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>other layout, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>page layout, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>page style, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>phoneseparator, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>place, <a class="indexterm" href="#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter
	Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>placeseparator, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>postscript, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>pseudo lengths, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>sender's extension, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>signature, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>specialmail, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>subject, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>subject line, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>subjectseparator, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>text, <a class="indexterm" href="#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter
	Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>text emphasis, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>title, <a class="indexterm" href="#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter
	Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>title line, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>toaddress, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>toname, <a class="indexterm" href="#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter
	Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>variables, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>yourmail, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>yourref, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>\addtoreffields, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>\ifkomavarempty, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>\KOMAoptions{}, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>\newkomavar, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>\setkomavar, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	<dt>\usekomavar, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript-scrlttr2">Letter Class scrlttr2</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>L</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>Labelled lists, creating, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>LaTeX</dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>Options, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#opt-latex">Options</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>-file-line-error-style, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#opt-latex-file-line-error-style">-file-line-error-style</a></dt>
	<dt>-fmt=FMTNAME, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#opt-latex-fmt">-fmt=FMTNAME</a></dt>
	<dt>-help, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#opt-latex-help">-help</a></dt>
	<dt>-ini, <a class="indexterm" href="#opt-latex-ini">-ini</a></dt>
	<dt>-interaction=STRING, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#opt-latex-interaction-mode">-interaction=STRING</a></dt>
	<dt>-ipc, <a class="indexterm" href="#opt-latex-ipc">-ipc</a></dt>
	<dt>-ipc-start, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#opt-latex-ipc-start">-ipc-start</a></dt>
	<dt>-jobname=STRING, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#opt-latex-jobname-name">-jobname=STRING</a></dt>
	<dt>-kpathsea-debug=NUMBER, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#opt-latex-kpathsea-debug">-kpathsea-debug=NUMBER</a></dt>
	<dt>-mltex, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#opt-latex-mltex">-mltex</a></dt>
	<dt>-output-comment=STRING, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#opt-latex-output-comment">-output-comment=STRING</a></dt>
	<dt>-parse-first-line, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#opt-latex-parse-first-line">-parse-first-line</a></dt>
	<dt>-progname=STRING, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#opt-latex-progname">-progname=STRING</a></dt>
	<dt>-recorder, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#opt-latex-recorder">-recorder</a></dt>
	<dt>-shell-escape, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#opt-latex-shell-escape">-shell-escape</a></dt>
	<dt>-src-specials, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#opt-latex-src-specials">-src-specials</a></dt>
	<dt>-src-specials=WHERE, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#opt-latex-src-specials-where">-src-specials=WHERE</a></dt>
	<dt>-translate-file=TCXNAME, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#opt-latex-translate-file-tcxname">-translate-file=TCXNAME</a></dt>
	<dt>-version, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#opt-latex-version">-version</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>LaTeX overview, <a class="indexterm" href="#overview">Overview
	of LaTeX and Local Guide</a></dt>
	<dt>LaTeX Packages, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#latex-packages">LaTeX Packages</a></dt>
	<dt>latin1, <a class="indexterm" href="#inputenc">inputenc</a></dt>
	<dt>latin9, <a class="indexterm" href="#inputenc">inputenc</a></dt>
	<dt>Layout commands, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#document-classes">Document Classes</a></dt>
	<dt>Left-justifying text, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Left-justifying text, environment for, <a class="indexterm"
	href="#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Left-to-right mode, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#modes">Modes</a></dt>
	<dt>Lengths, adding to, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#lengths">Lengths</a></dt>
	<dt>Lengths, defining a new, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#lengths">Lengths</a></dt>
	<dt>Lengths, defining and using, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#lengths">Lengths</a></dt>
	<dt>Lengths, predefined, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#lengths">Lengths</a></dt>
	<dt>Lengths, setting value of, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#lengths">Lengths</a></dt>
	<dt>letter, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>letter class, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#document-classes">Document Classes</a></dt>
	<dt>Letters, <a class="indexterm" href="#letters">Letters</a></dt>
	<dt>Letters, ending, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#letters">Letters</a></dt>
	<dt>Letters, starting, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#letters">Letters</a></dt>
	<dt>Line Breaking, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>Line breaks, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>Lines in tables, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Lining text up in columns using tab stops, <a class="indexterm"
	href="#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Lining text up in tables, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>list, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Lists of items, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Lists of items, generic, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Lists of items, numbered, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Loading additional packages, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#document-classes">Document Classes</a></dt>
	<dt>Low-level font commands, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>LR mode, <a class="indexterm" href="#modes">Modes</a></dt>
	<dt>lrbox, <a class="indexterm" href="#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces
	& Boxes</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>M</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>Make-Index, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex">Make-Index</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>Example, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-example">Example</a></dt>
	<dt>Input Style Specifiers, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-style">Input Style Specifiers</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>actual, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-actual-char">actual <char></a></dt>
	<dt>arg_close, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-arg-close">arg_close <char></a></dt>
	<dt>arg_open, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-style-arg-open">arg_open <char></a></dt>
	<dt>encap, <a class="indexterm" href="#makeindex-encap-char">encap
	<char></a></dt>
	<dt>escape, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-escape-char">escape <char></a></dt>
	<dt>keyword, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-style-string">keyword <string></a></dt>
	<dt>level, <a class="indexterm" href="#makeindex-level-char">level
	<char></a></dt>
	<dt>quote, <a class="indexterm" href="#makeindex-quote-char">quote
	<char></a></dt>
	<dt>range_close, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-range-close">range_close <char></a></dt>
	<dt>range_open, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-range-open">range_open <char></a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>Options, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>-c, <a class="indexterm" href="#makeindex-option-c">-c</a></dt>
	<dt>-g, <a class="indexterm" href="#makeindex-option-g">-g</a></dt>
	<dt>-i, <a class="indexterm" href="#makeindex-option-i">-i</a></dt>
	<dt>-l, <a class="indexterm" href="#makeindex-option-l">-l</a></dt>
	<dt>-L, <a class="indexterm" href="#makeindex-option-L">-L</a></dt>
	<dt>-o ind, <a class="indexterm" href="#makeindex-option-o-ind">-o
	ind</a></dt>
	<dt>-p no, <a class="indexterm" href="#makeindex-option-p-no">-p
	no</a></dt>
	<dt>-q, <a class="indexterm" href="#makeindex-option-q">-q</a></dt>
	<dt>-r, <a class="indexterm" href="#makeindex-option-r">-r</a></dt>
	<dt>-s sty, <a class="indexterm" href="#makeindex-option-s-sty">-s
	sty</a></dt>
	<dt>-T, <a class="indexterm" href="#makeindex-option-T">-T</a></dt>
	<dt>-t log, <a class="indexterm" href="#makeindex-option-t-log">-t
	log</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>Ordering, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-ordering">Ordering</a></dt>
	<dt>Output Style Specifiers, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-style-specs">Output Style Specifiers</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>delim_0, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-delim-0">delim_0 <string></a></dt>
	<dt>delim_1, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-delim-1">delim_1 <string></a></dt>
	<dt>delim_2, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-delim-2">delim_2 <string></a></dt>
	<dt>delim_n, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-delim-n">delim_n <string></a></dt>
	<dt>delim_r, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-delim-r">delim_r <string></a></dt>
	<dt>delim_t, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-delim-t">delim_t <string></a></dt>
	<dt>encap_infix, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-encap-infox">encap_infix <string></a></dt>
	<dt>encap_prefix, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-encap-prefix">encap_prefix
	<string></a></dt>
	<dt>encap_suffix, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-encap-suffix">encap_suffix
	<string></a></dt>
	<dt>group_skip, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-group-skip">group_skip <string></a></dt>
	<dt>headings_flag, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-headings-flag">headings_flag
	<string></a></dt>
	<dt>heading_prefix, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-heading-prefix-string">heading_prefix
	<string></a></dt>
	<dt>heading_suffix, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-heading-suffix-string">heading_suffix
	<string></a></dt>
	<dt>indent_length, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-indent-length">indent_length
	<number></a></dt>
	<dt>indent_space, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-indent-space">indent_space
	<string></a></dt>
	<dt>item_0, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-item-0">item_0 <string></a></dt>
	<dt>item_01, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-item-01">item_01 <string></a></dt>
	<dt>item_1, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-item-1">item_1 <string></a></dt>
	<dt>item_12, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-item-12">item_12 <string></a></dt>
	<dt>item_2, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-item-2">item_2 <string></a></dt>
	<dt>item_x1, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-item-x1">item_x1 <string></a></dt>
	<dt>item_x2, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-item-x2">item_x2 <string></a></dt>
	<dt>line_max, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-line-max">line_max <number></a></dt>
	<dt>numhead_negative, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-numhead-negative">numhead_negative
	<string></a></dt>
	<dt>numhead_positive, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-numhead-positive">numhead_positive
	<string></a></dt>
	<dt>page_compositor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-page-compositor">page_compositor
	<string></a></dt>
	<dt>postamble, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-postamble-string">postamble
	<string></a></dt>
	<dt>preamble, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-preamble-string">preamble
	<string></a></dt>
	<dt>setpage_prefix, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-setpage-prefix">setpage_prefix
	<string></a></dt>
	<dt>setpage_suffix, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-setpage-suffix">setpage_suffix
	<string></a></dt>
	<dt>suffix_2p, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-suffix-2p">suffix_2p <string></a></dt>
	<dt>suffix_3p, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-suffix-3p">suffix_3p <string></a></dt>
	<dt>suffix_mp, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-suffix-mp">suffix_mp <string></a></dt>
	<dt>symhead_negative, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-symhead-negative">symhead_negative
	<string></a></dt>
	<dt>symhead_positive, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-output-symhead-positive">symhead_positive
	<string></a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>Special Effects, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-special-effects">Special Effects</a></dt>
	<dt>Style File, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#makeindex-style-file">Style File</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>Making a title page, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Making paragraphs, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#making-paragraphs">Making Paragraphs</a></dt>
	<dt>Margin Notes, <a class="indexterm" href="#margin-notes">Margin
	Notes</a></dt>
	<dt>Math Formulae, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>Math Functions, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#special-symbols">Special Symbols</a></dt>
	<dt>Math Miscellany, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#math-formulae">Math Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>Math mode, <a class="indexterm" href="#modes">Modes</a></dt>
	<dt>Math mode, entering, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#math-formulae">Math Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>Math mode, spacing, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#math-formulae">Math Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>Math Symbols, Variable Size, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#special-symbols">Special Symbols</a></dt>
	<dt>mathpazo, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#mathpazo">mathpazo</a></dt>
	<dt>Maths symbols, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>Metafont, <a class="indexterm" href="#metafont">Metafont
	(tbd.)</a></dt>
	<dt>MetaPost, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost">MetaPost</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>Environment, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost-environment">Environment</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>MFINPUTS, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost-environment">Environment</a></dt>
	<dt>MPEDIT, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost-environment">Environment</a></dt>
	<dt>MPINPUTS, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost-environment">Environment</a></dt>
	<dt>MPSUPPORT, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost-environment">Environment</a></dt>
	<dt>MPXCOMMAND, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost-environment">Environment</a></dt>
	<dt>TEX, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost-environment">Environment</a></dt>
	<dt>TROFF, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost-environment">Environment</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>Options, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>--file-line-error-style, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost-option-file-line-error-style">--file-line-error-style</a></dt>
	<dt>--help, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost-option-help">--help</a></dt>
	<dt>--ini, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost-option-ini">--ini</a></dt>
	<dt>--interaction mode, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost-option-intercation">--interaction mode</a></dt>
	<dt>--jobname name, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost-option-jobname">--jobname name</a></dt>
	<dt>--kpathsea-debug bitmask, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost-option-kpathsea-debug">--kpathsea-debug bitmask</a></dt>
	<dt>--mem mem, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost-option-mem">--mem mem</a></dt>
	<dt>--parse-first-line, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost-option-parse-first-line">--parse-first-line</a></dt>
	<dt>--progname name, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost-option-progname">--progname name</a></dt>
	<dt>--recorder, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost-option-recorder">--recorder</a></dt>
	<dt>--translate-file tcxname, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost-option-translate-file">--translate-file tcxname</a></dt>
	<dt>--troff, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost-option-troff">--troff</a></dt>
	<dt>--version, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#metapost-option-version">--version</a></dt>
	<dt>-T, <a class="indexterm" href="#metapost-option-T">-T</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>minipage, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Minipage, creating a, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Modes, <a class="indexterm" href="#modes">Modes</a></dt>
	<dt>Multicolumn text, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#layout">Layout</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>N</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>New line, starting, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>New line, starting (paragraph mode), <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>New Page, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>Notes in the margin, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#margin-notes">Margin Notes</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>O</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>Operators</dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>Binary, <a class="indexterm" href="#special-symbols">Special
	Symbols</a></dt>
	<dt>Relational, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#special-symbols">Special Symbols</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>Options, global, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#document-classes">Document Classes</a></dt>
	<dt>overcite.sty, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Overview of LaTeX, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#overview">Overview of LaTeX and Local Guide</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>P</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>Packages</dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>amsmath, <a class="indexterm" href="#amsmath">amsmath</a></dt>
	<dt>bm, <a class="indexterm" href="#bm-package">bm</a></dt>
	<dt>bm.sty, <a class="indexterm" href="#bm-package">bm</a></dt>
	<dt>dcolumn, <a class="indexterm" href="#dcolumn">dcolumn</a></dt>
	<dt>german, <a class="indexterm" href="#german">german</a></dt>
	<dt>graphics, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#graphics">graphics</a></dt>
	<dt>hyperref, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#hyperref">hyperref</a></dt>
	<dt>KOMA-Script, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#komascript">KOMA-Script</a></dt>
	<dt>mathpazo, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#mathpazo">mathpazo</a></dt>
	<dt>Several Small Packages, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#small-packages">Several Small Packages</a></dt>
	<dt>url, <a class="indexterm" href="#url-package">url</a></dt>
	<dt>varioref, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#varioref">varioref</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>Packages, loading, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#document-classes">Document Classes</a></dt>
	<dt>Page break, forcing, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>Page Breaking, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>Page Formatting, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>Page numbering, <a class="indexterm" href="#page-styles">Page
	Styles</a></dt>
	<dt>Page styles, <a class="indexterm" href="#page-styles">Page
	Styles</a></dt>
	<dt>Paragraph mode, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#modes">Modes</a></dt>
	<dt>Paragraph, starting a new, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#making-paragraphs">Making Paragraphs</a></dt>
	<dt>Paragraphs, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#making-paragraphs">Making Paragraphs</a></dt>
	<dt>Parameters, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#parameters">Parameters</a></dt>
	<dt>pdfTeX, <a class="indexterm" href="#pdftex">pdfTeX</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>Environment, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-environment">Environment</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>TEXEDIT, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-environment">Environment</a></dt>
	<dt>TEXFONTS, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-environment">Environment</a></dt>
	<dt>TEXFORMATS, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-environment">Environment</a></dt>
	<dt>TEXINPUTS, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-environment">Environment</a></dt>
	<dt>TEXMFOUTPUT, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-environment">Environment</a></dt>
	<dt>TEXPOOL, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-environment">Environment</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>Options, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-options">Options</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>--file-line-error-style, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-option-file-line-error-style">--file-line-error-style</a></dt>
	<dt>--fmt format, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-option-fmt">--fmt format</a></dt>
	<dt>--help, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-option-help">--help</a></dt>
	<dt>--ini, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-option-ini">--ini</a></dt>
	<dt>--interaction mode, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-option-interaction-mode">--interaction mode</a></dt>
	<dt>--ipc, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-option-ipc">--ipc</a></dt>
	<dt>--ipc-start, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-option-ipc-start">--ipc-start</a></dt>
	<dt>--jobname name, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-option-jobname-name">--jobname name</a></dt>
	<dt>--kpathsea-debug bitmask, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-option-kpathsea-debug">--kpathsea-debug bitmask</a></dt>
	<dt>--maketex fmt, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-option-maketex">--maketex fmt</a></dt>
	<dt>--no-maketex fmt, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-option-no-maketex">--no-maketex fmt</a></dt>
	<dt>--output-comment string, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-option-output-comment">--output-comment string</a></dt>
	<dt>--parse-first-line, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-option-parse-first-line">--parse-first-line</a></dt>
	<dt>--progname name, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-option-progname">--progname name</a></dt>
	<dt>--recorder, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-option-recorder">--recorder</a></dt>
	<dt>--shell-escape, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-option-shell-escape">--shell-escape</a></dt>
	<dt>--translate-file tcxname, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-option-translate-file">--translate-file tcxname</a></dt>
	<dt>--version, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pdftex-option-version">--version</a></dt>
	<dt>[-no]-maketex=FMT, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#opt-latex-no-maketex">[-no]-maketex=FMT</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>People</dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>Bausum, David, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#plaintex-ovw">Overview</a></dt>
	<dt>Berry, Karl, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#credits">Credits</a></dt>
	<dt>Borgert, Wolfgang, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#credits">Credits</a></dt>
	<dt>Casellas, Ramon, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#credits">Credits</a></dt>
	<dt>Danielsson, Holger, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#credits">Credits</a></dt>
	<dt>Devenish, James, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#credits">Credits</a></dt>
	<dt>Gaesslein, Hubert, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#credits">Credits</a></dt>
	<dt>Goossens, Michel, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#overview">Overview of LaTeX and Local Guide</a></dt>
	<dt>Hagen, Hans, <a class="indexterm" href="#context">ConTeXt
	(tbd.)</a></dt>
	<dt>Karp, Peter, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#credits">Credits</a></dt>
	<dt>Lamport, Leslie, <a class="indexterm" href="#overview">Overview
	of LaTeX and Local Guide</a></dt>
	<dt>Mittelbach, Frank, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#overview">Overview of LaTeX and Local Guide</a></dt>
	<dt>Niepraschk, Rolf, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#credits">Credits</a></dt>
	<dt>Nordhaug, Hans Fredrik, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#credits">Credits</a></dt>
	<dt>Pepping, Simon, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#credits">Credits</a></dt>
	<dt>Samarin, Alexander, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#overview">Overview of LaTeX and Local Guide</a></dt>
	<dt>Stayton, Bob, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#credits">Credits</a></dt>
	<dt>van Zandt, Timothy, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-ovw">Overview</a></dt>
	<dt>Voss, Herbert, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#credits">Credits</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>PiCTeX, <a class="indexterm" href="#pictex">PiCTeX
	(tbd.)</a></dt>
	<dt>picture, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Pictures, creating, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>PlainTeX, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#plaintex">PlainTeX</a></dt>
	<dt>Poetry, an environment for, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Predefined lengths, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#lengths">Lengths</a></dt>
	<dt>Programs, typesetting, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>PSTricks, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks">PSTricks</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>commands</dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>\aput, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-attaching">Attaching labels to node connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\Aput, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-attaching">Attaching labels to node connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\arrows, <a class="indexterm" href="#hackers">For hackers
	only</a></dt>
	<dt>\bput, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-attaching">Attaching labels to node connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\Bput, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-attaching">Attaching labels to node connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\circlenode, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-nodes">Nodes</a></dt>
	<dt>\clipbox, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-clipping">Clipping</a></dt>
	<dt>\closedshadow, <a class="indexterm" href="#safe-tricks">Safe
	tricks</a></dt>
	<dt>\closepath, <a class="indexterm" href="#safe-tricks">Safe
	tricks</a></dt>
	<dt>\cnode, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-nodes">Nodes</a></dt>
	<dt>\cnodeput, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-nodes">Nodes</a></dt>
	<dt>\code, <a class="indexterm" href="#hackers">For hackers
	only</a></dt>
	<dt>\coor, <a class="indexterm" href="#hackers">For hackers
	only</a></dt>
	<dt>\cput, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-framed">Framed
	boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\curveto, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pretty-safe-tricks">Pretty safe tricks</a></dt>
	<dt>\dataplot, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-plots">Plots</a></dt>
	<dt>\degrees, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-dimensions">Dimensions, coordinates and angles</a></dt>
	<dt>\dim, <a class="indexterm" href="#hackers">For hackers
	only</a></dt>
	<dt>\endpspicture, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pictures">Pictures</a></dt>
	<dt>\everypsbox, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-boxes">Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\file, <a class="indexterm" href="#hackers">For hackers
	only</a></dt>
	<dt>\fileplot, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-plots">Plots</a></dt>
	<dt>\fill, <a class="indexterm" href="#safe-tricks">Safe
	tricks</a></dt>
	<dt>\grestore, <a class="indexterm" href="#safe-tricks">Safe
	tricks</a></dt>
	<dt>\gsave, <a class="indexterm" href="#safe-tricks">Safe
	tricks</a></dt>
	<dt>\lineto, <a class="indexterm" href="#pretty-safe-tricks">Pretty
	safe tricks</a></dt>
	<dt>\listplot, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-plots">Plots</a></dt>
	<dt>\lput, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-attaching">Attaching labels to node connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\movepath, <a class="indexterm" href="#safe-tricks">Safe
	tricks</a></dt>
	<dt>\moveto, <a class="indexterm" href="#safe-tricks">Safe
	tricks</a></dt>
	<dt>\mput, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-attaching">Attaching labels to node connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\mrestore, <a class="indexterm" href="#safe-tricks">Safe
	tricks</a></dt>
	<dt>\msave, <a class="indexterm" href="#safe-tricks">Safe
	tricks</a></dt>
	<dt>\multips, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-repetition">Repetition</a></dt>
	<dt>\multirput, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-repetition">Repetition</a></dt>
	<dt>\ncangle, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-connections">Node connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\ncangles, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-connections">Node connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\ncarc, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-connections">Node
	connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\ncbar, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-connections">Node
	connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\nccircle, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-connections">Node connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\nccoil, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-coils">Coils and
	zigzags</a></dt>
	<dt>\nccurve, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-connections">Node connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\ncdiag, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-connections">Node
	connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\ncdiagg, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-connections">Node connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\ncline, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-connections">Node
	connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\ncLine, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-connections">Node
	connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\ncloop, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-connections">Node
	connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\nczigzag, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-coils">Coils
	and zigzags</a></dt>
	<dt>\newcmykcolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-color">Color</a></dt>
	<dt>\newgray, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-color">Color</a></dt>
	<dt>\newhsbcolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-color">Color</a></dt>
	<dt>\newpath, <a class="indexterm" href="#safe-tricks">Safe
	tricks</a></dt>
	<dt>\newpsobject, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-custom">Custom styles</a></dt>
	<dt>\newpsstyle, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-custom">Custom styles</a></dt>
	<dt>\newrgbcolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-color">Color</a></dt>
	<dt>\NormalCoor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-coordinates">Special coordinates</a></dt>
	<dt>\openshadow, <a class="indexterm" href="#safe-tricks">Safe
	tricks</a></dt>
	<dt>\ovalnode, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-nodes">Nodes</a></dt>
	<dt>\overlaybox, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-overlays">Overlays</a></dt>
	<dt>\parabola, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-curves">Curves</a></dt>
	<dt>\parametricplot, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-plots">Plots</a></dt>
	<dt>\pcangle, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-connections">Node connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\pcarc, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-connections">Node
	connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\pcbar, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-connections">Node
	connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\pccoil, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-coils">Coils and
	zigzags</a></dt>
	<dt>\pccurve, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-connections">Node connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\pcdiag, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-connections">Node
	connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\pcline, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-connections">Node
	connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\pcloop, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-connections">Node
	connections</a></dt>
	<dt>\pczigzag, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-coils">Coils
	and zigzags</a></dt>
	<dt>\pnode, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-nodes">Nodes</a></dt>
	<dt>\psarc, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-arcs">Arcs,
	circles and ellipses</a></dt>
	<dt>\psarcn, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-arcs">Arcs,
	circles and ellipses</a></dt>
	<dt>\psaxes, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-axes">Axes</a></dt>
	<dt>\psbezier, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-curves">Curves</a></dt>
	<dt>\psccurve, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-curves">Curves</a></dt>
	<dt>\pscharclip, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-stroking">Stroking and filling character paths</a></dt>
	<dt>\pscharpath, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-stroking">Stroking and filling character paths</a></dt>
	<dt>\pscircle, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-arcs">Arcs,
	circles and ellipses</a></dt>
	<dt>\pscirclebox, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-framed">Framed boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\psclip, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-clipping">Clipping</a></dt>
	<dt>\pscoil, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-coils">Coils and
	zigzags</a></dt>
	<dt>\psCoil, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-coils">Coils and
	zigzags</a></dt>
	<dt>\pscurve, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-curves">Curves</a></dt>
	<dt>\pscustom, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-basics">The
	basics</a></dt>
	<dt>\psdblframebox, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-framed">Framed boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\psdots, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-dots">Dots</a></dt>
	<dt>\psecurve, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-curves">Curves</a></dt>
	<dt>\psellipse, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-arcs">Arcs,
	circles and ellipses</a></dt>
	<dt>\psframe, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-lines">Lines and
	polygons</a></dt>
	<dt>\psframebox, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-framed">Framed boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\psgrid, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-grids">Grids</a></dt>
	<dt>\pslabelsep, <a class="indexterm" href="#placing">Placing and
	rotating whatever</a></dt>
	<dt>\pslbrace, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-tricks">Tips
	and More Tricks</a></dt>
	<dt>\psline, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-lines">Lines and
	polygons</a></dt>
	<dt>\pslongbox, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-boxes">Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\psmathboxfalse, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-boxes">Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\psmathboxtrue, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-boxes">Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\psovalbox, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-framed">Framed
	boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\psoverlay, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-overlays">Overlays</a></dt>
	<dt>\pspicture, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pictures">Pictures</a></dt>
	<dt>\psplot, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-plots">Plots</a></dt>
	<dt>\pspolygon, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-lines">Lines
	and polygons</a></dt>
	<dt>\psrbrace, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-tricks">Tips
	and More Tricks</a></dt>
	<dt>\psset, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-setting">Setting
	graphics parameters</a></dt>
	<dt>\pssetlength, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-dimensions">Dimensions, coordinates and angles</a></dt>
	<dt>\psshadowbox, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-framed">Framed boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\pstextpath, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-path">Typesetting text along a path</a></dt>
	<dt>\PSTtoEPS, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-exporting">Exporting EPS files</a></dt>
	<dt>\psverbboxfalse, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-boxes">Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\psverbboxtrue, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-boxes">Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\pswedge, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-arcs">Arcs,
	circles and ellipses</a></dt>
	<dt>\psxlabel, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-axes">Axes</a></dt>
	<dt>\psylabel, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-axes">Axes</a></dt>
	<dt>\pszigzag, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-coils">Coils
	and zigzags</a></dt>
	<dt>\putoverlaybox, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-overlays">Overlays</a></dt>
	<dt>\qline, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-lines">Lines and
	polygons</a></dt>
	<dt>\radians, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-dimensions">Dimensions, coordinates and angles</a></dt>
	<dt>\rcoor, <a class="indexterm" href="#hackers">For hackers
	only</a></dt>
	<dt>\rcurveto, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pretty-safe-tricks">Pretty safe tricks</a></dt>
	<dt>\readdata, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-plots">Plots</a></dt>
	<dt>\rlineto, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pretty-safe-tricks">Pretty safe tricks</a></dt>
	<dt>\rnode, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-nodes">Nodes</a></dt>
	<dt>\Rnode, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-nodes">Nodes</a></dt>
	<dt>\RnodeRef, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-nodes">Nodes</a></dt>
	<dt>\rotate, <a class="indexterm" href="#safe-tricks">Safe
	tricks</a></dt>
	<dt>\rotatedown, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-rotation">Rotation and scaling boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\rotateleft, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-rotation">Rotation and scaling boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\rotateright, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-rotation">Rotation and scaling boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\rput, <a class="indexterm" href="#placing">Placing and
	rotating whatever</a></dt>
	<dt>\savedata, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-plots">Plots</a></dt>
	<dt>\scale, <a class="indexterm" href="#safe-tricks">Safe
	tricks</a></dt>
	<dt>\scalebox, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-rotation">Rotation and scaling boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\scaleboxto, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-rotation">Rotation and scaling boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>\setcolor, <a class="indexterm" href="#hackers">For hackers
	only</a></dt>
	<dt>\SpecialCoor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-coordinates">Special coordinates</a></dt>
	<dt>\stroke, <a class="indexterm" href="#safe-tricks">Safe
	tricks</a></dt>
	<dt>\swapaxes, <a class="indexterm" href="#safe-tricks">Safe
	tricks</a></dt>
	<dt>\TeXtoEPS, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-exporting">Exporting EPS files</a></dt>
	<dt>\translate, <a class="indexterm" href="#safe-tricks">Safe
	tricks</a></dt>
	<dt>\uput, <a class="indexterm" href="#placing">Placing and
	rotating whatever</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>parameter</dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>angle, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-connections">Node
	connections</a></dt>
	<dt>arcangle, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-connections">Node connections</a></dt>
	<dt>arcsep, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-arcs">Arcs,
	circles and ellipses</a></dt>
	<dt>arcsepA, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-arcs">Arcs,
	circles and ellipses</a></dt>
	<dt>arcsepB, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-arcs">Arcs,
	circles and ellipses</a></dt>
	<dt>arm, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-connections">Node
	connections</a></dt>
	<dt>arrowinset, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-arrowheads">Arrowheads and such</a></dt>
	<dt>arrowlength, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-arrowheads">Arrowheads and such</a></dt>
	<dt>arrows, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-arrowheads">Arrowheads and such</a></dt>
	<dt>arrowscale, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-arrowheads">Arrowheads and such</a></dt>
	<dt>arrowsize, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-arrowheads">Arrowheads and such</a></dt>
	<dt>axesstyle, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-axes">Axes</a></dt>
	<dt>bbllx, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-exporting">Exporting EPS files</a></dt>
	<dt>bblly, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-exporting">Exporting EPS files</a></dt>
	<dt>bburx, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-exporting">Exporting EPS files</a></dt>
	<dt>bbury, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-exporting">Exporting EPS files</a></dt>
	<dt>border, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-line-styles">Line
	styles</a></dt>
	<dt>bordercolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-line-styles">Line styles</a></dt>
	<dt>boxsep, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-framed">Framed
	boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>bracketlength, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-arrowheads">Arrowheads and such</a></dt>
	<dt>coilheight, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-coils">Coils
	and zigzags</a></dt>
	<dt>coilinc, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-coils">Coils and
	zigzags</a></dt>
	<dt>coilwidth, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-coils">Coils
	and zigzags</a></dt>
	<dt>cornersize, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-lines">Lines
	and polygons</a></dt>
	<dt>curvature, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-curves">Curves</a></dt>
	<dt>dash, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-line-styles">Line
	styles</a></dt>
	<dt>dimen, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-line-styles">Line
	styles</a></dt>
	<dt>dotangle, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-dots">Dots</a></dt>
	<dt>dotscale, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-dots">Dots</a></dt>
	<dt>dotsep, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-line-styles">Line
	styles</a></dt>
	<dt>dotsize, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-arrowheads">Arrowheads and such</a></dt>
	<dt>dotstyle, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-dots">Dots</a></dt>
	<dt>doublecolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-line-styles">Line styles</a></dt>
	<dt>doubleline, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-line-styles">Line styles</a></dt>
	<dt>doublesep, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-line-styles">Line styles</a></dt>
	<dt>fillcolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-fill-styles">Fill styles</a></dt>
	<dt>fillstyle, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-fill-styles">Fill styles</a></dt>
	<dt>framearc, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-lines">Lines and
	polygons</a></dt>
	<dt>framesep, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-framed">Framed
	boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>gradangle, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-overlays">Overlays</a></dt>
	<dt>gradbegin, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-overlays">Overlays</a></dt>
	<dt>gradend, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-overlays">Overlays</a></dt>
	<dt>gradlines, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-overlays">Overlays</a></dt>
	<dt>gradmidpoint, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-overlays">Overlays</a></dt>
	<dt>gridcolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-grids">Grids</a></dt>
	<dt>griddots, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-grids">Grids</a></dt>
	<dt>gridlabelcolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-grids">Grids</a></dt>
	<dt>gridlabels, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-grids">Grids</a></dt>
	<dt>gridwidth, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-grids">Grids</a></dt>
	<dt>hatchangle, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-fill-styles">Fill styles</a></dt>
	<dt>hatchcolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-fill-styles">Fill styles</a></dt>
	<dt>hatchsep, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-fill-styles">Fill styles</a></dt>
	<dt>hatchwidth, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-fill-styles">Fill styles</a></dt>
	<dt>headerfile, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-exporting">Exporting EPS files</a></dt>
	<dt>headers, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-exporting">Exporting EPS files</a></dt>
	<dt>labels, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-axes">Axes</a></dt>
	<dt>labelsep, <a class="indexterm" href="#placing">Placing and
	rotating whatever</a></dt>
	<dt>liftpen, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-graphics-objects">Graphics objects</a></dt>
	<dt>linearc, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-lines">Lines and
	polygons</a></dt>
	<dt>linecolor, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-basic">Basic
	graphics parameters</a></dt>
	<dt>linestyle, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-line-styles">Line styles</a></dt>
	<dt>linetype, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-parameters">Parameters</a></dt>
	<dt>linewidth, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-basic">Basic
	graphics parameters</a></dt>
	<dt>loopsize, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-connections">Node connections</a></dt>
	<dt>ncurv, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-connections">Node
	connections</a></dt>
	<dt>nodesep, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-connections">Node
	connections</a></dt>
	<dt>offset, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-connections">Node
	connections</a></dt>
	<dt>origin, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-coordinate">Coordinate systems</a></dt>
	<dt>plotpoints, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-plots">Plots</a></dt>
	<dt>plotstyle, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-plots">Plots</a></dt>
	<dt>rbracketlength, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-arrowheads">Arrowheads and such</a></dt>
	<dt>runit, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-dimensions">Dimensions, coordinates and angles</a></dt>
	<dt>shadow, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-line-styles">Line
	styles</a></dt>
	<dt>shadowangle, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-line-styles">Line styles</a></dt>
	<dt>shadowcolor, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-line-styles">Line styles</a></dt>
	<dt>shadowsize, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-line-styles">Line styles</a></dt>
	<dt>showorigin, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-axes">Axes</a></dt>
	<dt>showpoints, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-basic">Basic
	graphics parameters</a></dt>
	<dt>subgriddots, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-grids">Grids</a></dt>
	<dt>subgridwidth, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-grids">Grids</a></dt>
	<dt>swapaxes, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-coordinate">Coordinate systems</a></dt>
	<dt>tbarsize, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-arrowheads">Arrowheads and such</a></dt>
	<dt>ticks, <a class="indexterm" href="#pstricks-axes">Axes</a></dt>
	<dt>ticksize, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-axes">Axes</a></dt>
	<dt>tickstyle, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-axes">Axes</a></dt>
	<dt>unit, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-dimensions">Dimensions, coordinates and angles</a></dt>
	<dt>xunit, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-dimensions">Dimensions, coordinates and angles</a></dt>
	<dt>yunit, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#pstricks-dimensions">Dimensions, coordinates and angles</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>Q</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>quotation, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>quote, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying, <a class=
	"indexterm" href="#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Quoted text, displaying, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>R</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>Ragged left text, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Ragged left text, environment for, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Ragged right text, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Ragged right text, environment for, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Relational Operators, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#special-symbols">Special Symbols</a></dt>
	<dt>Remarks in the margin, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#margin-notes">Margin Notes</a></dt>
	<dt>report class, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#document-classes">Document Classes</a></dt>
	<dt>Reserved Characters, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#special-characters">Special Characters</a></dt>
	<dt>Right-justifying text, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Right-justifying text, environment for, <a class="indexterm"
	href="#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>S</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>Sectioning, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#sectioning">Sectioning</a></dt>
	<dt>Several Small Packages, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#small-packages">Several Small Packages</a></dt>
	<dt>Simulating typed text, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Sizes of text, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>Small Packages, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#small-packages">Several Small Packages</a></dt>
	<dt>Space, inserting vertical, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces & Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>Spaces, <a class="indexterm" href="#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces
	& Boxes</a></dt>
	<dt>Spacing, within Math mode, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#math-formulae">Math Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>Special Characters, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#special-characters">Special Characters</a></dt>
	<dt>Splitting the input file, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#splitting-the-input">Splitting the Input</a></dt>
	<dt>Starting & Ending, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#starting-and-ending">Starting & Ending</a></dt>
	<dt>Starting on a right-hand page, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#line-and-page-breaking">Line & Page Breaking</a></dt>
	<dt>Styles of text, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>Styles, page, <a class="indexterm" href="#page-styles">Page
	Styles</a></dt>
	<dt>Subscript, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>Superscript, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dt>Symbols, <a class="indexterm" href="#math-formulae">Math
	Formulae</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>Miscellaneous, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#special-symbols">Special Symbols</a></dt>
	<dt>Special, <a class="indexterm" href="#special-symbols">Special
	Symbols</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>T</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>Tab stops, using, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>tabbing, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>table, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Table of Contents, creating, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#table-of-contents">Table of Contents</a></dt>
	<dt>Tables, creating, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>tabular, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Terminal Input/Output, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#terminal-input-slash-output">Terminal Input/Output</a></dt>
	<dt>Texinfo, <a class="indexterm" href="#texinfo">Texinfo
	(tbd.)</a></dt>
	<dt>Thanks, for titlepage, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#page-styles">Page Styles</a></dt>
	<dt>thebibliography, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>theorem, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Theorems, defining, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#definitions">Definitions</a></dt>
	<dt>Theorems, typesetting, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Title making, <a class="indexterm" href="#page-styles">Page
	Styles</a></dt>
	<dt>Title pages, creating, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Title, for titlepage, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#page-styles">Page Styles</a></dt>
	<dt>titlepage, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Typed text, simulating, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Typeface Sizes, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>Typeface Styles, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	<dt>Typefaces, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#typefaces">Typefaces</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>U</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>url, <a class="indexterm" href="#url-package">url</a></dt>
	<dt>Using BibTeX, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>V</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>Variables, a list of, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#counters">Counters</a></dt>
	<dt>varioref, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#varioref">varioref</a></dt>
	<dt>verbatim, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Verbatim text, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>verse, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#env-latex">Environments</a></dt>
	<dt>Vertical space, inserting, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#spaces-and-boxes">Spaces & Boxes</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<div class="indexdiv">
	<h3>X</h3>
	<dl>
	<dt>xindy, <a class="indexterm" href="#xindy">xindy</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>Command List, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#xindy-command-list">Command List</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>Markup Commands, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#xindy-command-list-markup">Markup Commands</a></dt>
	<dt>Raw Index Interface, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#xindy-command-list-raw-index">Raw Index Interface</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>Invoking, <a class="indexterm" href="#xindy-invoking">Invoking
	xindy</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>Command Line Options, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#xindy-invoking-cmdline">Command Line Options</a></dt>
	<dt>Search Path, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#xindy-search-path">Search Path</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	<dt>Processing Commands, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#xindy-command-list-processing">Processing Commands</a></dt>
	<dd>
	<dl>
	<dt>define-alphabet, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#xindy-command-list-processing-define-alphabet">define-alphabet</a></dt>
	<dt>define-attributes, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#xindy-command-list-processing-define-attributes">define-attributes</a></dt>
	<dt>define-crossref-class, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#xindy-command-list-processing-define-crossref-class">define-crossref-class</a></dt>
	<dt>define-letter-group, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#xindy-command-list-processing-define-letter-group">define-letter-group</a></dt>
	<dt>define-location-class, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#xindy-command-list-processing-define-location-class">define-location-class</a></dt>
	<dt>define-location-class-order, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#xindy-command-list-processing-define-location-class-order">define-location-class-order</a></dt>
	<dt>define-rule-set, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#xindy-command-list-processing-define-rule-set">define-rule-set</a></dt>
	<dt>define-sort-rule-orientations, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#xindy-command-list-processing-define-sort-rule-orientations">define-sort-rule-orientations</a></dt>
	<dt>merge-rule, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#xindy-command-list-processing-merge-rule">merge-rule</a></dt>
	<dt>merge-to, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#xindy-command-list-processing-merge-to">merge-to</a></dt>
	<dt>require, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#xindy-command-list-processing-require">require</a></dt>
	<dt>searchpath, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#xindy-command-list-processing-searchpath">searchpath</a></dt>
	<dt>sort-rule, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#xindy-command-list-processing-sort-rule">sort-rule</a></dt>
	<dt>use-rule-set, <a class="indexterm" href=
	"#xindy-command-list-processing-use-rule-set">use-rule-set</a></dt>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	</body>
	</html>

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