bst_twitter_fetcher.py
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Created: Sun, Mar 16, 00:30

bst_twitter_fetcher.py
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	#!/usr/bin/env python
	# -- coding: utf-8 --
	##
	## This file is part of Invenio.
	## Copyright (C) 2011 CERN.
	##
	## Invenio is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
	## modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
	## published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
	## License, or (at your option) any later version.
	##
	## Invenio is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
	## WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
	## General Public License for more details.
	##
	## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
	## along with Invenio; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
	## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.

	"""
	Twitter fetcher

	In order to schedule fetching tweets you can type at the command line:

	$ sudo -u www-data /opt/invenio/bin/bibtasklet -T bst_twitter_fetcher -uadmin -s5m -a "query=YOURQUERY"

	"""

	## Here we import the Twitter APIs
	import twitter
	import re
	import os
	import sys
	import tempfile
	import time
	import sys

	## Here are some good Invenio APIs

	from invenio.config import CFG_TMPDIR

	## BibRecord -> to create MARCXML records
	from invenio.bibrecord import record_add_field, record_xml_output

	## BibTask -> to manipulate Bibliographic Tasks
	from invenio.bibtask import task_low_level_submission, write_message, task_update_progress

	## BibDocFile to manipulate documents
	from invenio.bibdocfile import check_valid_url

	## WebSearch to search for previous tweets
	from invenio.search_engine import perform_request_search, get_fieldvalues

	_TWITTER_API = twitter.Api()

	def get_tweets(query):
	"""
	This is how simple it is to fetch tweets :-)
	"""
	## We shall skip tweets that already in the system.
	previous_tweets = perform_request_search(p='980__a:"TWEET" 980__b:"%s"' % query, sf='970__a', so='a')
	if previous_tweets:
	## A bit of an algorithm to retrieve the last Tweet ID that was stored
	## in our records
	since_id = int(get_fieldvalues(previous_tweets[0], '970__a')[0])
	else:
	since_id = 0
	final_results = []
	results = list(_TWITTER_API.Search(query, rpp=100, since_id=since_id).results)
	final_results.extend(results)
	page = 1
	while len(results) == 100: ## We stop if there are less than 100 results per page
	page += 1
	results = list(_TWITTER_API.Search(query, rpp=100, since_id=since_id, page=page).results)
	final_results.extend(results)
	return final_results

	_RE_GET_HTTP = re.compile("(https?://.+?)(\s\|$)")
	_RE_TAGS = re.compile("([#@]\w+)")
	def tweet_to_record(tweet, query):
	"""
	Transform a tweet into a record.
	@note: you may want to highly customize this.
	"""
	rec = {}
	## Let's normalize the body of the tweet.
	text = tweet.text.encode('UTF-8')
	text = text.replace('>', '>')
	text = text.replace('<', '<')
	text = text.replace('"', "'")
	text = text.replace('&', '&')

	## Let's add the creation date
	try:
	creation_date = time.strptime(tweet.created_at, '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S +0000')
	except ValueError:
	creation_date = time.strptime(tweet.created_at, '%a %b %d %H:%M:%S +0000 %Y')
	record_add_field(rec, '260__c', time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dZ%H:%M:%ST', creation_date))

	## Let's add the Tweet ID
	record_add_field(rec, '970', subfields=[('a', str(tweet.id))])

	## Let's add the body of the tweet as an abstract
	record_add_field(rec, '520', subfields=[('a', text)])

	## Let's re-add the body of the tweet as a title.
	record_add_field(rec, '245', subfields=[('a', text)])

	## Let's fetch information about the user
	try:
	user = _TWITTER_API.GetUser(tweet.from_user)

	## Let's add the user name as author of the tweet
	record_add_field(rec, '100', subfields=[('a', str(user.name.encode('UTF-8')))])

	## Let's fetch the icon of the user profile, and let's upload it as
	## an image (and an icon of itself)
	record_add_field(rec, 'FFT', subfields=[('a', user.profile.image_url.encode('UTF-8')), ('x', user.profile.image_url.encode('UTF-8'))])
	except Exception, err:
	write_message("WARNING: issue when fetching the user: %s" % err, stream=sys.stderr)
	if hasattr(tweet, 'iso_language_code'):
	## Let's add the language of the Tweet if available (also this depends)
	## on the kind of Twitter API call we used
	record_add_field(rec, '045', subfields=[('a', tweet.iso_language_code.encode('UTF-8'))])

	## Let's tag this record as a TWEET so that later we can build a collection
	## out of these records.
	record_add_field(rec, '980', subfields=[('a', 'TWEET'), ('b', query)])

	## Some smart manipulations: let's parse out URLs and tags from the body
	## of the Tweet.
	for url in _RE_GET_HTTP.findall(text):
	url = url[0]
	record_add_field(rec, '856', '4', subfields=[('u', url)])

	for tag in _RE_TAGS.findall(text):
	## And here we add the keywords.
	record_add_field(rec, '653', '1', subfields=[('a', tag), ('9', 'TWITTER')])

	## Finally we shall serialize everything to MARCXML
	return record_xml_output(rec)

	def bst_twitter_fetcher(query):
	"""
	Fetch the tweets related to the user and upload them into Invenio.
	@param user: the user
	"""
	## We prepare a temporary MARCXML file to upload.
	fd, name = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix='.xml', prefix='tweets', dir=CFG_TMPDIR)
	tweets = get_tweets(query)
	if tweets:
	os.write(fd, """<collection>\n""")
	for i, tweet in enumerate(tweets):
	## For every tweet we transform it to MARCXML and we dump it in the file.
	task_update_progress('DONE: tweet %s out %s' % (i, len(tweets)))
	os.write(fd, tweet_to_record(tweet, query))

	os.write(fd, """</collection\n>""")
	os.close(fd)

	## Invenio magic: we schedule an upload of the created MARCXML to be inserted
	## ASAP in the system.
	task_low_level_submission('bibupload', 'admin', '-i', '-r', name, '-P5')
	write_message("Uploaded file %s with %s new tweets about %s" % (name, len(tweets), query))
	else:
	write_message("No new tweets about %s" % query)

	if __name__ == '__main__':
	if len(sys.argv) == 2:
	bst_twitter_fetcher(sys.argv[1])
	else:
	print "USAGE: %s TWITTER_QUERY" % sys.argv[0]
	sys.exit(1)

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