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<section><section>
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<h1 id="--git-pull-upstream-master--"><center> <span style="color:red"> git pull upstream master </span> </center><a class="anchor-link" href="#--git-pull-upstream-master--">&#182;</a></h1>
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</section><section>
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<h1><center> Answer questions from <br> the previous session</center></h1>
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</section></section><section><section>
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<h1 id="Concept-of-interfaces-(C++)">Concept of interfaces (C++)<a class="anchor-link" href="#Concept-of-interfaces-(C++)">&#182;</a></h1><ul>
<li>An interface is usually written in <em>.hh</em> files</li>
<li>It describes <strong>how to use</strong> a function</li>
<li>To be opposed with the body of a function which describes <em>how it works</em></li>
</ul>
<p><br></p>
<h3 id="-Why-is-it-important-to-have-this-concept-?-"><center> Why is it important to have this concept ? </center><a class="anchor-link" href="#-Why-is-it-important-to-have-this-concept-?-">&#182;</a></h3>
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<ul>
<li>To allow collaborative work</li>
<li>To normalize the knowledge needed to call a function</li>
<li>To limit modification in cascade</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
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<h1 id="Typical-header-file">Typical header file<a class="anchor-link" href="#Typical-header-file">&#182;</a></h1>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#ifndef CALCULATEMINIMUM_HPP</span>
<span class="cp">#define CALCULATEMINIMUM_HPP</span>
<span class="kt">double</span> <span class="nf">CalculateMinimum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="cp">#endif</span>
</pre></div>
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<ul>
<li>What is the purpose of the #ifndef and #ifdef instructions ?</li>
</ul>
</div>
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</section></section><section><section>
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<h1 id="-C++-Class/Object-"><center> C++ Class/Object </center><a class="anchor-link" href="#-C++-Class/Object-">&#182;</a></h1>
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</section><section>
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<ul>
<li>void</li>
<li>char</li>
<li>short</li>
<li>int</li>
<li>long int</li>
<li>float</li>
<li>double</li>
<li>long double</li>
<li>pointers</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div><div class="split" style="width: 45%;padding: 2.5%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<ul>
<li>unsigned</li>
<li>const</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>
</section><section>
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<h3 id="-How-to-define-new-types-in-C++-?-"><center> How to define new types in C++ ? </center><a class="anchor-link" href="#-How-to-define-new-types-in-C++-?-">&#182;</a></h3>
</div>
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</section><section>
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<h2 id="Typedefs-or-type-aliases"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Programming/Programming_Languages/C%2B%2B/Code/Keywords/typedef">Typedefs</a> or type aliases<a class="anchor-link" href="#Typedefs-or-type-aliases">&#182;</a></h2><hr>
</div>
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<ul>
<li>old C++</li>
</ul>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">typedef</span> <span class="n">type</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">// example</span>
<span class="k">typedef</span> <span class="kt">unsigned</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">UInt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">typedef</span> <span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">Real</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
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<ul>
<li>modern C++</li>
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.gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
.gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
.kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
.m { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number */
.s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
.na { color: #7D9029 } /* Name.Attribute */
.nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
.nc { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.no { color: #880000 } /* Name.Constant */
.nd { color: #AA22FF } /* Name.Decorator */
.ni { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
.ne { color: #D2413A; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.nf { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function */
.nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
.nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">using</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">type</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">// example</span>
<span class="k">using</span> <span class="n">UInt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kt">unsigned</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">using</span> <span class="n">Real</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kt">double</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<p>What is the difference with #define ?</p>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.cm { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #BC7A00 } /* Comment.Preproc */
.cpf { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
.gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
.gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
.kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
.m { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number */
.s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
.na { color: #7D9029 } /* Name.Attribute */
.nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
.nc { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.no { color: #880000 } /* Name.Constant */
.nd { color: #AA22FF } /* Name.Decorator */
.ni { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
.ne { color: #D2413A; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.nf { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function */
.nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
.nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#define UInt unsigned int</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<center><img width="50%" src="./figures/typing.png"/></center>
</div>
</div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<h2 id="enum-or-enumeration-list"><a href="http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C++_Programming/Programming_Languages/C++/Code/Keywords/enum">enum</a> or enumeration list<a class="anchor-link" href="#enum-or-enumeration-list">&#182;</a></h2><ul>
<li>Makes a type from an enumerated list of possibilities</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.cm { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #BC7A00 } /* Comment.Preproc */
.cpf { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
.gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
.gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
.kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
.m { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number */
.s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
.na { color: #7D9029 } /* Name.Attribute */
.nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
.nc { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.no { color: #880000 } /* Name.Constant */
.nd { color: #AA22FF } /* Name.Decorator */
.ni { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
.ne { color: #D2413A; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.nf { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function */
.nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
.nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">enum</span> <span class="n">ParticleType</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">_pt_planet</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">_pt_star</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">_pt_atom</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">_pt_ball</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<ul>
<li>Internal representation $\Longrightarrow$ integers (it is a code)</li>
<li>Used in switch-case sequences</li>
<li>Other usage ?</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<h2 id="Structures:-struct">Structures: <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Programming/Structures">struct</a><a class="anchor-link" href="#Structures:-struct">&#182;</a></h2><ul>
<li>Agglomeration of other types</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.cm { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #BC7A00 } /* Comment.Preproc */
.cpf { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
.gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
.gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
.kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
.m { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number */
.s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
.na { color: #7D9029 } /* Name.Attribute */
.nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
.nc { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.no { color: #880000 } /* Name.Constant */
.nd { color: #AA22FF } /* Name.Decorator */
.ni { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
.ne { color: #D2413A; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.nf { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function */
.nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
.nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">Complex</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">real</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">imaginary</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<h2 id="Encapsulation"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encapsulation_(object-oriented_programming%29">Encapsulation</a><a class="anchor-link" href="#Encapsulation">&#182;</a></h2><ul>
<li>Fundamental mechanism allowing to conceal, and what is accessible in a class</li>
<li><span style="color:red;">This is not existing in Python</span></li>
</ul>
<center><img width="40%" src="./figures/encapsulation.png"></center>
</div>
</div><div class="fragment" style="width: 100%;float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<ul>
<li>Members/Methods can be:<ul>
<li><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Programming/Classes#Access_labels">Public</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Programming/Classes#Access_labels">Private</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Programming/Classes#Access_labels">Protected</a>: available to daughter classes</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<h2 id="C++-classes">C++ <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Programming/Classes#Classes">classes</a><a class="anchor-link" href="#C++-classes">&#182;</a></h2><ul>
<li>Declarations are usually in a .hh file</li>
<li>declares the <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Programming/Classes#Data_members">members</a> and <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Programming/Classes#Member_Functions">methods</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.cm { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #BC7A00 } /* Comment.Preproc */
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.c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
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.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
.gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
.kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
.m { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number */
.s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
.na { color: #7D9029 } /* Name.Attribute */
.nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
.nc { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.no { color: #880000 } /* Name.Constant */
.nd { color: #AA22FF } /* Name.Decorator */
.ni { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
.ne { color: #D2413A; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.nf { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function */
.nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
.nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MyClass</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="c1">// Constructor</span>
<span class="n">MyClass</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="c1">// Destructor</span>
<span class="k">virtual</span> <span class="o">~</span><span class="n">MyClass</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="n">ret</span> <span class="n">method1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="cm">/* arguments */</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">private</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="n">type</span> <span class="n">member</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<h2 id="C++-Methods">C++ <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Programming/Classes#Member_Functions">Methods</a><a class="anchor-link" href="#C++-Methods">&#182;</a></h2><ul>
<li>Methods(functions) can be overloaded (same name, different arguments and return types).</li>
<li>Default parameters are accepted.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.cm { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #BC7A00 } /* Comment.Preproc */
.cpf { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
.gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
.gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
.kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
.m { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number */
.s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
.na { color: #7D9029 } /* Name.Attribute */
.nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
.nc { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.no { color: #880000 } /* Name.Constant */
.nd { color: #AA22FF } /* Name.Decorator */
.ni { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
.ne { color: #D2413A; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.nf { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function */
.nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
.nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MyClass</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">foo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">1e3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">member1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<ul>
<li>Implementation of the methods (in a .cc file)</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.cm { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #BC7A00 } /* Comment.Preproc */
.cpf { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
.gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
.gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
.kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
.m { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number */
.s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
.na { color: #7D9029 } /* Name.Attribute */
.nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
.nc { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.no { color: #880000 } /* Name.Constant */
.nd { color: #AA22FF } /* Name.Decorator */
.ni { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
.ne { color: #D2413A; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.nf { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function */
.nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
.nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">MyClass</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">// ...</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<h2 id="this-points-to-the-current-object"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Programming/Classes#this_pointer">this</a> points to the current object<a class="anchor-link" href="#this-points-to-the-current-object">&#182;</a></h2>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.cm { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #BC7A00 } /* Comment.Preproc */
.cpf { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
.gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
.gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
.kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
.m { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number */
.s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
.na { color: #7D9029 } /* Name.Attribute */
.nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
.nc { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.no { color: #880000 } /* Name.Constant */
.nd { color: #AA22FF } /* Name.Decorator */
.ni { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
.ne { color: #D2413A; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.nf { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function */
.nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
.nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">MyClass</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">// access through the pointer</span>
<span class="k">this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">member1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<ul>
<li>helpful to distinguish object members from parameters</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.cm { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #BC7A00 } /* Comment.Preproc */
.cpf { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
.gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
.gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
.kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
.m { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number */
.s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
.na { color: #7D9029 } /* Name.Attribute */
.nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
.nc { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.no { color: #880000 } /* Name.Constant */
.nd { color: #AA22FF } /* Name.Decorator */
.ni { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
.ne { color: #D2413A; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.nf { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function */
.nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
.nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">ret1</span> <span class="n">MyClass</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">type1</span> <span class="n">member1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">// member1 = member1; ???</span>
<span class="k">this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">member1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">member1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<h2 id="Object-instanciation-and-method-call">Object instanciation and method call<a class="anchor-link" href="#Object-instanciation-and-method-call">&#182;</a></h2>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.cm { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #BC7A00 } /* Comment.Preproc */
.cpf { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
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.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
.gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
.kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
.m { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number */
.s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
.na { color: #7D9029 } /* Name.Attribute */
.nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
.nc { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.no { color: #880000 } /* Name.Constant */
.nd { color: #AA22FF } /* Name.Decorator */
.ni { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
.ne { color: #D2413A; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.nf { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function */
.nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
.nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">ClassName</span> <span class="n">object</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">ret1</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">object</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">method1</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<h2 id="Construction-with-arguments">Construction with arguments<a class="anchor-link" href="#Construction-with-arguments">&#182;</a></h2>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.cm { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #BC7A00 } /* Comment.Preproc */
.cpf { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
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.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
.gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
.kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
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.kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
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.nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
.nc { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.no { color: #880000 } /* Name.Constant */
.nd { color: #AA22FF } /* Name.Decorator */
.ni { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
.ne { color: #D2413A; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.nf { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function */
.nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
.nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MyClass</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="n">MyClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
<span class="n">MyClass</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">MyClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">// some code</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">// object instanciation</span>
<span class="n">MyClass</span> <span class="n">object</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<h2 id="Dynamic-allocation-and-method-call">Dynamic allocation and method call<a class="anchor-link" href="#Dynamic-allocation-and-method-call">&#182;</a></h2><ul>
<li>old style C++</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.cm { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #BC7A00 } /* Comment.Preproc */
.cpf { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
.gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
.gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
.kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
.m { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number */
.s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
.na { color: #7D9029 } /* Name.Attribute */
.nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
.nc { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.no { color: #880000 } /* Name.Constant */
.nd { color: #AA22FF } /* Name.Decorator */
.ni { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
.ne { color: #D2413A; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.nf { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function */
.nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
.nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">ClassName</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">ptr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">ClassName</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="n">ret1</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ptr</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">method1</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="k">delete</span> <span class="n">ptr</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<ul>
<li>in modern C++</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.cm { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #BC7A00 } /* Comment.Preproc */
.cpf { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
.gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
.gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
.kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
.m { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number */
.s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
.na { color: #7D9029 } /* Name.Attribute */
.nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
.nc { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.no { color: #880000 } /* Name.Constant */
.nd { color: #AA22FF } /* Name.Decorator */
.ni { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
.ne { color: #D2413A; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.nf { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function */
.nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
.nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&lt;memory&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
<span class="k">auto</span> <span class="n">unique_ptr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">make_unique</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">ClassName</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="n">ret1</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">unique_ptr</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">method1</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="k">auto</span> <span class="n">shared_ptr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">make_shared</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">ClassName</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="n">ret1</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">shared_ptr</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">method1</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<h2 id="Inheritance"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inheritance_(object-oriented_programming%29">Inheritance</a><a class="anchor-link" href="#Inheritance">&#182;</a></h2><ul>
<li>When a Class is based on another Class</li>
<li>Re-use/Factor implementation/code</li>
</ul>
<center><img width="60%" src="./figures/inheritance.png"/></center>
</div>
</div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<h2 id="C++-inheritance"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Programming/Classes#Inheritance_(Derivation">C++ inheritance</a><a class="anchor-link" href="#C++-inheritance">&#182;</a></h2>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.cm { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #BC7A00 } /* Comment.Preproc */
.cpf { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
.gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
.gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
.kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
.m { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number */
.s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
.na { color: #7D9029 } /* Name.Attribute */
.nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
.nc { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.no { color: #880000 } /* Name.Constant */
.nd { color: #AA22FF } /* Name.Decorator */
.ni { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
.ne { color: #D2413A; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.nf { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function */
.nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
.nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">DaughterClass</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="k">public</span> <span class="n">MyClass</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="n">DaughterClass</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="c1">// Constructor</span>
<span class="k">virtual</span> <span class="o">~</span><span class="n">DaughterClass</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="c1">// Destructor</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<ul>
<li>If you need to call non default constructor of the mother class</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.cm { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #BC7A00 } /* Comment.Preproc */
.cpf { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
.gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
.gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
.kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
.m { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number */
.s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
.na { color: #7D9029 } /* Name.Attribute */
.nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
.nc { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.no { color: #880000 } /* Name.Constant */
.nd { color: #AA22FF } /* Name.Decorator */
.ni { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
.ne { color: #D2413A; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.nf { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function */
.nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
.nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">DaughterClass</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="k">public</span> <span class="n">MyClass</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="n">DaughterClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
<span class="n">DaughterClass</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">DaughterClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">MyClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">// some code</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<h2 id="Polymorphism"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtype_polymorphism">Polymorphism</a><a class="anchor-link" href="#Polymorphism">&#182;</a></h2><p>Set of mechanisms allowing program methods/functions in several ways</p>
<ul>
<li>Overloading (you know it!)</li>
<li>Arguments passed as of mother class type</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<p>Let us consider the following code</p>
</div>
</div><div class="fragment" style="width: 100%;float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.cm { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #BC7A00 } /* Comment.Preproc */
.cpf { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
.gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
.gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
.kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
.m { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number */
.s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
.na { color: #7D9029 } /* Name.Attribute */
.nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
.nc { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.no { color: #880000 } /* Name.Constant */
.nd { color: #AA22FF } /* Name.Decorator */
.ni { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
.ne { color: #D2413A; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.nf { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function */
.nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
.nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">A</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">B</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="k">public</span> <span class="n">A</span> <span class="p">{};</span>
<span class="kt">double</span> <span class="nf">foo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">A</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">B</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">// C++ is strongly typed</span>
<span class="c1">// can I do that ?</span>
<span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<h2 id="Virtual-Member"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Programming/Classes#Virtual_member_functions">Virtual Member</a><a class="anchor-link" href="#Virtual-Member">&#182;</a></h2><ul>
<li>extends polymorphism to methods</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.cm { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #BC7A00 } /* Comment.Preproc */
.cpf { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
.gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
.gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
.kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
.m { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number */
.s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
.na { color: #7D9029 } /* Name.Attribute */
.nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
.nc { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.no { color: #880000 } /* Name.Constant */
.nd { color: #AA22FF } /* Name.Decorator */
.ni { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
.ne { color: #D2413A; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.nf { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function */
.nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
.nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">A</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="k">virtual</span> <span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">getValue</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">};</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">B</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="k">public</span> <span class="n">A</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">getValue</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">override</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">};</span>
<span class="k">private</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
<span class="kt">double</span> <span class="nf">foo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">A</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">getValue</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<h2 id="Pure-virtual:-abstract-classes">Pure virtual: abstract classes<a class="anchor-link" href="#Pure-virtual:-abstract-classes">&#182;</a></h2>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.cm { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #BC7A00 } /* Comment.Preproc */
.cpf { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
.gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
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.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
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.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">A</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="k">virtual</span> <span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">getValue</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">B</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="k">public</span> <span class="n">A</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">getValue</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">override</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">};</span>
<span class="k">private</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
<span class="kt">double</span> <span class="nf">foo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">A</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">getValue</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<h2 id="Calling-a-parent-class-method">Calling a parent class method<a class="anchor-link" href="#Calling-a-parent-class-method">&#182;</a></h2>
</div>
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<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
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.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
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.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
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.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
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.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
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.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
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.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">A</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="k">virtual</span> <span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">getValue</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mf">3.</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">};</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">B</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="k">public</span> <span class="n">A</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">getValue</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">override</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">A</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">getValue</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mf">2.</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">};</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<h2 id="Dynamic-cast"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Programming/Programming_Languages/C%2B%2B/Code/Keywords/dynamic_cast">Dynamic cast</a><a class="anchor-link" href="#Dynamic-cast">&#182;</a></h2><ul>
<li>Allows to determine if an object is really of a given type during program execution</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
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.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
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.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
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.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
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</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">ClassName</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">ptr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">dynamic_cast</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">DaughterClass</span> <span class="o">*&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">object</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ptr</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="s">&quot;Houston we have a problem&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<ul>
<li>same by <em>reference</em> type (generates an exception if failing to cast the object)</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
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<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.cm { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #BC7A00 } /* Comment.Preproc */
.cpf { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
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.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
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.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
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.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
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.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">DaughterClass</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">ref</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">dynamic_cast</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">DaughterClass</span> <span class="o">&amp;&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">object</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<h2 id="Static-cast"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Programming/Programming_Languages/C%2B%2B/Code/Keywords/static_cast">Static cast</a><a class="anchor-link" href="#Static-cast">&#182;</a></h2><ul>
<li>Allows to force the cast a compilation time (can be dangerous)</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
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.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
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.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
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.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
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.nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
.nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">DaughterClass</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">ref</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">static_cast</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">DaughterClass</span> <span class="o">&amp;&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">object</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<h2 id="Operators"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Programming/Operators/Operator_Overloading">Operators</a><a class="anchor-link" href="#Operators">&#182;</a></h2><ul>
<li>It is possible to use operators with user defined classes</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.cm { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #BC7A00 } /* Comment.Preproc */
.cpf { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
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.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
.gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
.kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
.m { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number */
.s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
.na { color: #7D9029 } /* Name.Attribute */
.nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
.nc { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.no { color: #880000 } /* Name.Constant */
.nd { color: #AA22FF } /* Name.Decorator */
.ni { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
.ne { color: #D2413A; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.nf { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function */
.nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
.nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// inside the class</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">ClassName</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">ret1</span> <span class="k">operator</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ClassName</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
<span class="n">ret1</span> <span class="n">ClassName</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ClassName</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">///...</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.cm { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #BC7A00 } /* Comment.Preproc */
.cpf { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
.gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
.gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
.kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
.m { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number */
.s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
.na { color: #7D9029 } /* Name.Attribute */
.nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
.nc { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.no { color: #880000 } /* Name.Constant */
.nd { color: #AA22FF } /* Name.Decorator */
.ni { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
.ne { color: #D2413A; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.nf { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function */
.nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
.nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// or outside of the class</span>
<span class="n">ret1</span> <span class="k">operator</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ClassName</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">ref1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ClassName</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">ref2</span><span class="p">){</span>
<span class="c1">///...</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operators_in_C_and_C\%2B\%2B">wikipedia: C++ operator rules</a></p>
</div>
</div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<h2 id="Input/Output-to-std::stream">Input/Output to std::stream<a class="anchor-link" href="#Input/Output-to-std::stream">&#182;</a></h2>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.cm { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #BC7A00 } /* Comment.Preproc */
.cpf { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
.gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
.gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
.kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
.m { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number */
.s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
.na { color: #7D9029 } /* Name.Attribute */
.nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
.nc { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.no { color: #880000 } /* Name.Constant */
.nd { color: #AA22FF } /* Name.Decorator */
.ni { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
.ne { color: #D2413A; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.nf { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function */
.nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
.nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MyClass</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">my_member</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
<span class="c1">/// standard output stream operator</span>
<span class="kr">inline</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ostream</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ostream</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">stream</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">MyClass</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">_this</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">stream</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">_this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">my_member</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">stream</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</section><section>
<div class="slide" style="float: left"><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<h2 id="Exceptions"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Programming/Exception_Handling">Exceptions</a><a class="anchor-link" href="#Exceptions">&#182;</a></h2><ul>
<li>Can catch an exception</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div><div class="full" style="width: 100%; float: left">
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
<div class="output_area">
<div class="output_html rendered_html output_subarea output_execute_result">
<style>
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.c { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
.k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
.ch { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.cm { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #BC7A00 } /* Comment.Preproc */
.cpf { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
.gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
.gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
.kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
.m { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number */
.s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
.na { color: #7D9029 } /* Name.Attribute */
.nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
.nc { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.no { color: #880000 } /* Name.Constant */
.nd { color: #AA22FF } /* Name.Decorator */
.ni { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
.ne { color: #D2413A; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.nf { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function */
.nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
.nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">myvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">try</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">// vector::at throws an out-of-range</span>
<span class="n">myvector</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">at</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">catch</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">out_of_range</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">oor</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cerr</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="s">&quot;Out of Range error: &quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cerr</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">oor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">what</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">endl</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
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<h2 id="Making-your-exceptions"><a href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/error/exception">Making your exceptions</a><a class="anchor-link" href="#Making-your-exceptions">&#182;</a></h2>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&lt;stdexcept&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MyError</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="k">public</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">exception</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="n">MyError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">// set the internal error code</span>
<span class="k">this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">parameter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">what</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">const</span> <span class="k">noexcept</span> <span class="k">override</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">// construct the string message</span>
<span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">stringstream</span> <span class="n">sstr</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">sstr</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="s">&quot;Error Code: &quot;</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">parameter</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">sstr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">str</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">c_str</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">parameter</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
</pre></div>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="c1">// usage in context</span>
<span class="k">try</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">throw</span> <span class="n">MyError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">catch</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">MyError</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cerr</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">what</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">endl</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</section></section><section><section>
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<h1 id="Exercise-on-class-usage-in-C++">Exercise on class usage in C++<a class="anchor-link" href="#Exercise-on-class-usage-in-C++">&#182;</a></h1>
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