elsarticle.cls
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elsarticle.cls
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	%%
	%% This is file `elsarticle.cls',
	%% generated with the docstrip utility.
	%%
	%% The original source files were:
	%%
	%% elsarticle.dtx (with options: `class')
	%%
	%% Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009 Elsevier Ltd
	%%
	%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'.
	%% -------------------------------------------
	%%
	%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
	%% License, either version 1.2 of this license or (at your option) any
	%% later version. The latest version of this license is in
	%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
	%% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
	%% version 1999/12/01 or later.
	%%
	%% The list of all files belonging to the 'Elsarticle Bundle' is
	%% given in the file `manifest.txt'.
	%%
	%%
	%% $Id: elsarticle.dtx 19 2009-12-17 07:07:52Z rishi $
	%%
	\def\RCSfile{elsarticle}%
	\def\RCSversion{1.20b}%
	\def\RCSdate{2009/09/17}%
	\def\@shortjnl{\relax}
	\def\@journal{Elsevier Ltd} \def\@company{Elsevier Ltd}
	\def\@issn{000-0000}
	\def\@shortjid{elsarticle}
	\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
	\ProvidesClass{\@shortjid}[\RCSdate, \RCSversion: \@journal]
	\def\ABD{\AtBeginDocument}
	\newif\ifpreprint \preprintfalse
	\newif\iflongmktitle \longmktitlefalse

	\def\@blstr{1}
	\newdimen\@bls
	\@bls=\baselineskip

	\def\@finalWarning{%
	*****************************************************\MessageBreak
	This document is typeset in the CRC style which\MessageBreak
	is not suitable for submission.\MessageBreak
	\MessageBreak
	Please typeset again using 'preprint' option\MessageBreak
	for creating PDF suitable for submission.\MessageBreak
	******************************************************\MessageBreak
	}

	\DeclareOption{preprint}{\global\preprinttrue
	\gdef\@blstr{1}\xdef\jtype{0}%
	\AtBeginDocument{\@twosidefalse\@mparswitchfalse}}
	\DeclareOption{final}{\gdef\@blstr{1}\global\preprintfalse}
	\DeclareOption{review}{\global\preprinttrue\gdef\@blstr{1.5}}
	\DeclareOption{authoryear}{\xdef\@biboptions{round,authoryear}}
	\DeclareOption{number}{\xdef\@biboptions{numbers}}
	\DeclareOption{numbers}{\xdef\@biboptions{numbers}}
	\DeclareOption{longtitle}{\global\longmktitletrue}
	\DeclareOption{5p}{\xdef\jtype{5}\global\preprintfalse
	\ExecuteOptions{twocolumn}}
	\def\jtype{0}
	\DeclareOption{3p}{\xdef\jtype{3}\global\preprintfalse}
	\DeclareOption{1p}{\xdef\jtype{1}\global\preprintfalse
	\AtBeginDocument{\@twocolumnfalse}}
	\DeclareOption{times}{\IfFileExists{txfonts.sty}%
	{\AtEndOfClass{\RequirePackage{txfonts}%
	\gdef\ttdefault{cmtt}%
	\let\iint\relax
	\let\iiint\relax
	\let\iiiint\relax
	\let\idotsint\relax
	\let\openbox\relax}}{\RequirePackage{times}}}
	\ExecuteOptions{a4paper,10pt,oneside,onecolumn,number,preprint}
	\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}
	\ProcessOptions
	\LoadClass{article}
	\RequirePackage{graphicx}
	\let\comma\@empty
	\let\tnotesep\@empty
	\def\title#1{\gdef\@title{#1}}
	\let\@title\@empty

	\def\elsLabel#1{\@bsphack\protected@write\@auxout{}%
	{\string\Newlabel{#1}{\@currentlabel}}\@esphack}
	\def\Newlabel#1#2{\expandafter\xdef\csname X@#1\endcsname{#2}}

	\def\elsRef#1{\@ifundefined{X@#1}{0}{\csname X@#1\endcsname}%
	}

	\def\tnotemark[#1]{\textsuperscript{\@for\@@tmark:=#1\do{%
	\edef\tnotenum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@tmark}{1}{\elsRef{\@@tmark}}}%
	\ifcase\tnotenum\or\ding{73}\or,\ding{73}\ding{73}\fi}}%
	}
	\let\@tnotemark\@empty

	\let\@tnotes\@empty
	\RequirePackage{pifont}
	\newcounter{tnote}
	\def\tnotetext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@tnotes{%
	\refstepcounter{tnote}\elsLabel{#1}%
	\def\thefootnote{\ifcase\c@tnote\or\ding{73}\or\ding{73}\ding{73}\fi}%
	\footnotetext{#2}}}

	\let\@nonumnotes\@empty
	\def\nonumnote#1{\g@addto@macro\@nonumnotes{%
	\let\thefootnote\relax\footnotetext{#1}}}

	\newcounter{fnote}
	\def\fnmark[#1]{\let\comma\@empty
	\def\@fnmark{\@for\@@fnmark:=#1\do{%
	\edef\fnotenum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@fnmark}{1}{\elsRef{\@@fnmark}}}%
	\unskip\comma\fnotenum\let\comma,}}%
	}

	\let\@fnotes\@empty\let\@fnmark\@empty
	\def\fntext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@fnotes{%
	\refstepcounter{fnote}\elsLabel{#1}%
	\def\thefootnote{\thefnote}%
	\global\setcounter{footnote}{\thefnote}%
	\footnotetext{#2}}}

	\def\cormark[#1]{\edef\cnotenum{\elsRef{#1}}%
	\unskip\textsuperscript{\sep\ifcase\cnotenum\or
	$\ast$\or$\ast\ast$\fi\hspace{-1pt}}\let\sep=,}

	\let\@cormark\@empty
	\let\@cornotes\@empty
	\newcounter{cnote}
	\def\cortext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@cornotes{%
	\refstepcounter{cnote}\elsLabel{#1}%
	\def\thefootnote{\ifcase\thecnote\or$\ast$\or
	$\ast\ast$\fi}%
	\footnotetext{#2}}}

	\let\@corref\@empty
	\def\corref#1{\edef\cnotenum{\elsRef{#1}}%
	\edef\@corref{\ifcase\cnotenum\or
	$\ast$\or$\ast\ast$\fi\hskip-1pt}}

	\def\fnref#1{\fnmark[#1]}
	\def\tnoteref#1{\tnotemark[#1]}

	\def\resetTitleCounters{\c@cnote=0
	\c@fnote=0 \c@tnote=0 \c@footnote=0}

	\let\eadsep\@empty
	\let\@elseads\@empty
	\let\@elsuads\@empty
	\let\@cormark\@empty
	\def\hashchar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\~}
	\def\underscorechar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\_}
	\def\lbracechar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\{}
	\def\rbracechar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\}}

	\def\ead{\@ifnextchar[{\@uad}{\@ead}}
	\gdef\@ead#1{\bgroup\def\_{\string\underscorechar\space}%
	\def\{{\string\lbracechar\space}%
	\def~{\hashchar\space}%
	\def\}{\string\rbracechar\space}%
	\edef\tmp{\the\@eadauthor}
	\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\emailauthor
	{#1}{\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\tmp}}%
	\egroup
	}
	\newcounter{ead}
	\gdef\emailauthor#1#2{\stepcounter{ead}%
	\g@addto@macro\@elseads{\raggedright%
	\let\corref\@gobble
	\eadsep\texttt{#1} (#2)\def\eadsep{\unskip,\space}}%
	}
	\gdef\@uad[#1]#2{\bgroup
	\def~{\string\hashchar\space}%
	\def\_{\string\underscorechar\space}%
	\edef\tmp{\the\@eadauthor}
	\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\urlauthor
	{#2}{\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\tmp}}%
	\egroup
	}
	\def\urlauthor#1#2{\g@addto@macro\@elsuads{\let\corref\@gobble%
	\raggedright\eadsep\texttt{#1}\space(#2)%
	\def\eadsep{\unskip,\space}}%
	}

	\def\elsauthors{}
	\def\pprinttitle{}
	\let\authorsep\@empty
	\let\sep\@empty
	\newcounter{author}
	\def\author{\@ifnextchar[{\@@author}{\@author}}

	\newtoks\@eadauthor
	\def\@@author[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
	\def\baselinestretch{1}%
	\authorsep#2\unskip\textsuperscript{%#1%
	\@for\@@affmark:=#1\do{%
	\edef\affnum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@affmark}{1}{\elsRef{\@@affmark}}}%
	\unskip\sep\affnum\let\sep=,}%
	\ifx\@fnmark\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@fnmark\let\sep=,\fi
	\ifx\@corref\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@corref\let\sep=,\fi
	}%
	\def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}%
	\global\let\sep\@empty\global\let\@corref\@empty
	\global\let\@fnmark\@empty}%
	\@eadauthor={#2}
	}

	\def\@author#1{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{\normalsize%
	\def\baselinestretch{1}%
	\upshape\authorsep#1\unskip\textsuperscript{%
	\ifx\@fnmark\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@fnmark\let\sep=,\fi
	\ifx\@corref\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@corref\let\sep=,\fi
	}%
	\def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}%
	\global\let\@fnmark\@empty
	\global\let\@corref\@empty
	\global\let\sep\@empty}%
	\@eadauthor={#1}
	}

	\def\elsaddress{}
	\def\addsep{\par\vskip6pt}
	\def\address{\@ifnextchar[{\@@address}{\@address}}

	\def\@alph#1{%
	\ifcase#1\or a\or b\or c\or d\or e\or f\or g\or h\or i\or j\or k\or
	l\or m\or n\or o\or p\or q\or r\or s\or t\or u\or v\or w\or x\or
	y\or z%
	\or aa\or ab\or ac\or ad\or ae\or af\or ag\or ah\or ai\or aj\or
	ak\or al\or am\or an\or ao\or ap\or aq\or ar\or as\or at\or au\or
	av\or aw\or ax\or ay\or az%
	\or ba\or bb\or bc\or bd\or be\or bf\or bg\or bh\or bi\or bj\or
	bk\or bl\or bm\or bn\or bo\or bp\or bq\or br\or bs\or bt\or bu\or
	bv\or bw\or bx\or by\or bz%
	\or ca\or cb\or cc\or cd\or ce\or cf\or cg\or ch\or ci\or cj\or
	ck\or cl\or cm\or cn\or co\or cp\or cq\or cr\or cs\or ct\or cu\or
	cv\or cw\or cx\or cy\or cz%
	\or da\or db\or dc\or dd\or de\or df\or dg\or dh\or di\or dj\or
	dk\or dl\or dm\or dn\or do\or dp\or dq\or dr\or ds\or dt\or du\or
	dv\or dw\or dx\or dy\or dz%
	\or ea\or eb\or ec\or ed\or ee\or ef\or eg\or eh\or ei\or ej\or
	ek\or el\or em\or en\or eo\or ep\or eq\or er\or es\or et\or eu\or
	ev\or ew\or ex\or ey\or ez%
	\or fa\or fb\or fc\or fd\or fe\or ff\or fg\or fh\or fi\or fj\or
	fk\or fl\or fm\or fn\or fo\or fp\or fq\or fr\or fs\or ft\or fu\or
	fv\or fw\or fx\or fy\or fz%
	\or ga\or gb\or gc\or gd\or ge\or gf\or gg\or gh\or gi\or gj\or
	gk\or gl\or gm\or gn\or go\or gp\or gq\or gr\or gs\or gt\or gu\or
	gv\or gw\or gx\or gy\or gz%
	\else\@ctrerr\fi}

	\newcounter{affn}
	\renewcommand\theaffn{\alph{affn}}

	\long\def\@@address[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\elsaddress{%
	\def\baselinestretch{1}%
	\refstepcounter{affn}
	\xdef\@currentlabel{\theaffn}
	\elsLabel{#1}%
	\textsuperscript{\theaffn}#2\par}}

	\long\def\@address#1{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
	\def\baselinestretch{1}%
	\addsep\footnotesize\itshape#1\def\addsep{\par\vskip6pt}%
	\def\authorsep{\par\vskip8pt}}}

	\newbox\absbox
	\renewenvironment{abstract}{\global\setbox\absbox=\vbox\bgroup
	\hsize=\textwidth\def\baselinestretch{1}%
	\noindent\unskip\textbf{Abstract}
	\par\medskip\noindent\unskip\ignorespaces}
	{\egroup}

	\newbox\keybox
	\def\keyword{%
	\def\sep{\unskip, }%
	\def\MSC{\@ifnextchar[{\@MSC}{\@MSC[2000]}}
	\def\@MSC[##1]{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it ##1~MSC:\space}}%
	\def\PACS{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it PACS:\space}}%
	\def\JEL{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it JEL:\space}}%
	\global\setbox\keybox=\vbox\bgroup\hsize=\textwidth
	\normalsize\normalfont\def\baselinestretch{1}
	\parskip\z@
	\noindent\textit{Keywords: }
	\raggedright % Keywords are not justified.
	\ignorespaces}
	\def\endkeyword{\par \egroup}

	\newdimen\Columnwidth
	\Columnwidth=\columnwidth

	\def\printFirstPageNotes{%
	\iflongmktitle
	\let\columnwidth=\textwidth\fi
	\ifx\@tnotes\@empty\else\@tnotes\fi
	\ifx\@nonumnotes\@empty\else\@nonumnotes\fi
	\ifx\@cornotes\@empty\else\@cornotes\fi
	\ifx\@elseads\@empty\relax\else
	\let\thefootnote\relax
	\footnotetext{\ifnum\theead=1\relax
	\textit{Email address:\space}\else
	\textit{Email addresses:\space}\fi
	\@elseads}\fi
	\ifx\@elsuads\@empty\relax\else
	\let\thefootnote\relax
	\footnotetext{\textit{URL:\space}%
	\@elsuads}\fi
	\ifx\@fnotes\@empty\else\@fnotes\fi
	\iflongmktitle\if@twocolumn
	\let\columnwidth=\Columnwidth\fi\fi
	}

	\long\def\pprintMaketitle{\clearpage
	\iflongmktitle\if@twocolumn\let\columnwidth=\textwidth\fi\fi
	\resetTitleCounters
	\def\baselinestretch{1}%
	\printFirstPageNotes
	\begin{center}%
	\thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
	\def\baselinestretch{1}%
	\Large\@title\par\vskip18pt
	\normalsize\elsauthors\par\vskip10pt
	\footnotesize\itshape\elsaddress\par\vskip36pt
	\hrule\vskip12pt
	\ifvoid\absbox\else\unvbox\absbox\par\vskip10pt\fi
	\ifvoid\keybox\else\unvbox\keybox\par\vskip10pt\fi
	\hrule\vskip12pt
	\end{center}%
	\gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}%
	}

	\def\printWarning{%
	\mbox{}\par\vfill\par\bgroup
	\fboxsep12pt\fboxrule1pt
	\hspace*{.18\textwidth}
	\fcolorbox{gray50}{gray10}{\box\warnbox}
	\egroup\par\vfill\thispagestyle{empty}
	\setcounter{page}{0}
	\clearpage}

	\long\def\finalMaketitle{%
	\resetTitleCounters
	\def\baselinestretch{1}%
	\MaketitleBox
	\thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
	\gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}%
	}

	\long\def\MaketitleBox{%
	\resetTitleCounters
	\def\baselinestretch{1}%
	\begin{center}%
	\def\baselinestretch{1}%
	\Large\@title\par\vskip18pt
	\normalsize\elsauthors\par\vskip10pt
	\footnotesize\itshape\elsaddress\par\vskip36pt
	\hrule\vskip12pt
	\ifvoid\absbox\else\unvbox\absbox\par\vskip10pt\fi
	\ifvoid\keybox\else\unvbox\keybox\par\vskip10pt\fi
	\hrule\vskip12pt
	\end{center}%
	}

	\def\FNtext#1{\par\bgroup\footnotesize#1\egroup}
	\newdimen\space@left
	\def\alarm#1{\typeout{******************************}%
	\typeout{#1}%
	\typeout{******************************}%
	}
	\long\def\getSpaceLeft{%\global\@twocolumnfalse%
	\global\setbox0=\vbox{\hsize=\textwidth\MaketitleBox}%
	\global\setbox1=\vbox{\hsize=\textwidth
	\let\footnotetext\FNtext
	\printFirstPageNotes}%
	\xdef\noteheight{\the\ht1}%
	\xdef\titleheight{\the\ht0}%
	\@tempdima=\vsize
	\advance\@tempdima-\noteheight
	\advance\@tempdima-1\baselineskip
	}

	\skip\footins=24pt

	\newbox\els@boxa
	\newbox\els@boxb

	\ifpreprint
	\def\maketitle{\pprintMaketitle}
	\else
	\ifnum\jtype=1
	\def\maketitle{%
	\iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
	\global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
	\box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
	\thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
	\printFirstPageNotes
	\box0%
	\else
	\finalMaketitle\printFirstPageNotes
	\fi
	\gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}%
	\else
	\ifnum\jtype=5
	\def\maketitle{%
	\iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
	\global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
	\box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
	\thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
	\printFirstPageNotes
	\twocolumn[\box0]%\printFirstPageNotes
	\else
	\twocolumn[\finalMaketitle]\printFirstPageNotes
	\fi
	\gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}
	\else
	\if@twocolumn
	\def\maketitle{%
	\iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
	\global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
	\box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
	\thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
	\printFirstPageNotes
	\twocolumn[\box0]%
	\else
	\twocolumn[\finalMaketitle]\printFirstPageNotes
	\fi
	\gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}%
	\else
	\def\maketitle{%
	\iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
	\global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
	\box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
	\thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
	\printFirstPageNotes
	\box0%
	\else
	\finalMaketitle\printFirstPageNotes
	\fi
	\gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}%
	\fi
	\fi
	\fi
	\fi
	\def\ps@pprintTitle{%
	\let\@oddhead\@empty
	\let\@evenhead\@empty
	\def\@oddfoot{\footnotesize\itshape
	Preprint submitted to \ifx\@journal\@empty Elsevier
	\else\@journal\fi\hfill\today}%
	\let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot}
	\def\@seccntDot{.}
	\def\@seccntformat#1{\csname the#1\endcsname\@seccntDot\hskip 0.5em}

	\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
	{18\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
	{9\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
	{\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}}
	\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
	{12\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
	{3\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
	{\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}}
	\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
	{12\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
	{\p@}%
	{\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}}

	\def\paragraph{\secdef{\els@aparagraph}{\els@bparagraph}}
	\def\els@aparagraph[#1]#2{\elsparagraph[#1]{#2.}}
	\def\els@bparagraph#1{\elsparagraph*{#1.}}

	\newcommand\elsparagraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{0\z@}%
	{10\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
	{-6\p@}%
	{\normalfont\itshape}}
	\newdimen\leftMargin
	\leftMargin=2em
	\newtoks\@enLab %\newtoks\@enfont
	\def\@enQmark{?}
	\def\@enLabel#1#2{%
	\edef\@enThe{\noexpand#1{\@enumctr}}%
	\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab\csname the\@enumctr\endcsname}%
	\@enloop}
	\def\@enSpace{\afterassignment\@enSp@ce\let\@tempa= }
	\def\@enSp@ce{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab\space}\@enloop}
	\def\@enGroup#1{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab{#1}}\@enloop}
	\def\@enOther#1{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab#1}\@enloop}
	\def\@enloop{\futurelet\@entemp\@enloop@}
	\def\@enloop@{%
	\ifx A\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\Alph }\else
	\ifx a\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\alph }\else
	\ifx i\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\roman }\else
	\ifx I\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\Roman }\else
	\ifx 1\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\arabic}\else
	\ifx \@sptoken\@entemp \let\@tempa\@enSpace \else
	\ifx \bgroup\@entemp \let\@tempa\@enGroup \else
	\ifx \@enum@\@entemp \let\@tempa\@gobble \else
	\let\@tempa\@enOther
	\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
	\@tempa}
	\newlength{\@sep} \newlength{\@@sep}
	\setlength{\@sep}{.5\baselineskip plus.2\baselineskip
	minus.2\baselineskip}
	\setlength{\@@sep}{.1\baselineskip plus.01\baselineskip
	minus.05\baselineskip}
	\providecommand{\sfbc}{\rmfamily\upshape}
	\providecommand{\sfn}{\rmfamily\upshape}
	\def\@enfont{\ifnum \@enumdepth >1\let\@nxt\sfn \else\let\@nxt\sfbc \fi\@nxt}
	\def\enumerate{%
	\ifnum \@enumdepth >3 \@toodeep\else
	\advance\@enumdepth \@ne
	\edef\@enumctr{enum\romannumeral\the\@enumdepth}\fi
	\@ifnextchar[{\@@enum@}{\@enum@}}
	\def\@@enum@[#1]{%
	\@enLab{}\let\@enThe\@enQmark
	\@enloop#1\@enum@
	\ifx\@enThe\@enQmark\@warning{The counter will not be printed.%
	^^J\space\@spaces\@spaces\@spaces The label is: \the\@enLab}\fi
	\expandafter\edef\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname{\the\@enLab}%
	\expandafter\let\csname the\@enumctr\endcsname\@enThe
	\csname c@\@enumctr\endcsname7
	\expandafter\settowidth
	\csname leftmargin\romannumeral\@enumdepth\endcsname
	{\the\@enLab\hskip\labelsep}%
	\@enum@}
	\def\@enum@{\list{{\@enfont\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname}}%
	{\usecounter{\@enumctr}\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}%
	\ifnum \@enumdepth>1\setlength{\topsep}{\@@sep}\else
	\setlength{\topsep}{\@sep}\fi
	\ifnum \@enumdepth>1\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}%
	\else \setlength{\itemsep}{\@@sep}\fi
	%\setlength\leftmargin{\leftMargin}%%%{1.8em}
	\setlength{\parsep}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}%
	\setlength{\parskip}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}
	}}

	\def\endenumerate{\par\ifnum \@enumdepth >1\addvspace{\@@sep}\else
	\addvspace{\@sep}\fi \endlist}

	\def\sitem{\@noitemargtrue\@item[\@itemlabel *]}

	\def\itemize{\@ifnextchar[{\@Itemize}{\@Itemize[]}}

	\def\@Itemize[#1]{\def\next{#1}%
	\ifnum \@itemdepth >\thr@@\@toodeep\else
	\advance\@itemdepth\@ne
	\ifx\next\@empty\else\expandafter\def\csname
	labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth\endcsname{#1}\fi%
	\edef\@itemitem{labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth}%
	\expandafter\list\csname\@itemitem\endcsname
	{\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}}%
	\fi}
	\def\newdefinition#1{%
	\@ifnextchar[{\@odfn{#1}}{\@ndfn{#1}}}%]
	\def\@ndfn#1#2{%
	\@ifnextchar[{\@xndfn{#1}{#2}}{\@yndfn{#1}{#2}}}
	\def\@xndfn#1#2[#3]{%
	\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
	{\@definecounter{#1}\@newctr{#1}[#3]%
	\expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{%
	\expandafter\noexpand\csname the#3\endcsname \@dfncountersep
	\@dfncounter{#1}}%
	\global\@namedef{#1}{\@dfn{#1}{#2}}%
	\global\@namedef{end#1}{\@enddefinition}}}
	\def\@yndfn#1#2{%
	\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
	{\@definecounter{#1}%
	\expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@dfncounter{#1}}%
	\global\@namedef{#1}{\@dfn{#1}{#2}}%
	\global\@namedef{end#1}{\@enddefinition}}}
	\def\@odfn#1[#2]#3{%
	\@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@nocounterr{#2}}%
	{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
	{\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}
	\global\@namedef{#1}{\@dfn{#2}{#3}}%
	\global\@namedef{end#1}{\@enddefinition}}}}
	\def\@dfn#1#2{%
	\refstepcounter{#1}%
	\@ifnextchar[{\@ydfn{#1}{#2}}{\@xdfn{#1}{#2}}}
	\def\@xdfn#1#2{%
	\@begindefinition{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}\ignorespaces}
	\def\@ydfn#1#2[#3]{%
	\@opargbegindefinition{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}\ignorespaces}
	\def\@dfncounter#1{\noexpand\arabic{#1}}
	\def\@dfncountersep{.}
	\def\@begindefinition#1#2{\trivlist
	\item[\hskip\labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2.}]\upshape}
	\def\@opargbegindefinition#1#2#3{\trivlist
	\item[\hskip\labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2\ (#3).}]\upshape}
	\def\@enddefinition{\endtrivlist}

	\def\@begintheorem#1#2{\trivlist
	\let\baselinestretch\@blstr
	\item[\hskip \labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2.}]\itshape}
	\def\@opargbegintheorem#1#2#3{\trivlist
	\let\baselinestretch\@blstr
	\item[\hskip \labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2\ (#3).}]\itshape}

	\def\newproof#1{%
	\@ifnextchar[{\@oprf{#1}}{\@nprf{#1}}}
	\def\@nprf#1#2{%
	\@ifnextchar[{\@xnprf{#1}{#2}}{\@ynprf{#1}{#2}}}
	\def\@xnprf#1#2[#3]{%
	\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
	{\@definecounter{#1}\@newctr{#1}[#3]%
	\expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{%
	\expandafter\noexpand\csname the#3\endcsname \@prfcountersep
	\@prfcounter{#1}}%
	\global\@namedef{#1}{\@prf{#1}{#2}}%
	\global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endproof}}}
	\def\@ynprf#1#2{%
	\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
	{\@definecounter{#1}%
	\expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@prfcounter{#1}}%
	\global\@namedef{#1}{\@prf{#1}{#2}}%
	\global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endproof}}}
	\def\@oprf#1[#2]#3{%
	\@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@nocounterr{#2}}%
	{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
	{\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}%
	\global\@namedef{#1}{\@prf{#2}{#3}}%
	\global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endproof}}}}
	\def\@prf#1#2{%
	\refstepcounter{#1}%
	\@ifnextchar[{\@yprf{#1}{#2}}{\@xprf{#1}{#2}}}
	\def\@xprf#1#2{%
	\@beginproof{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}\ignorespaces}
	\def\@yprf#1#2[#3]{%
	\@opargbeginproof{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}\ignorespaces}
	\def\@prfcounter#1{\noexpand\arabic{#1}}
	\def\@prfcountersep{.}
	\def\@beginproof#1#2{\trivlist\let\baselinestretch\@blstr
	\item[\hskip \labelsep{\scshape #1.}]\rmfamily}
	\def\@opargbeginproof#1#2#3{\trivlist\let\baselinestretch\@blstr
	\item[\hskip \labelsep{\scshape #1\ (#3).}]\rmfamily}
	\def\@endproof{\endtrivlist}
	\newcommand*{\qed}{\hbox{}\hfill$\Box$}

	\@ifundefined{@biboptions}{\xdef\@biboptions{numbers}}{}
	\InputIfFileExists{\jobname.spl}{}{}
	\RequirePackage[\@biboptions]{natbib}

	\newwrite\splwrite
	\immediate\openout\splwrite=\jobname.spl
	\def\biboptions#1{\def\next{#1}\immediate\write\splwrite{%
	\string\g@addto@macro\string\@biboptions{%
	,\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\next}}}

	\let\baselinestretch=\@blstr

	\ifnum\jtype=1
	\RequirePackage{geometry}
	\geometry{twoside,
	paperwidth=210mm,
	paperheight=297mm,
	textheight=562pt,
	textwidth=384pt,
	centering,
	headheight=50pt,
	headsep=12pt,
	footskip=12pt,
	footnotesep=24pt plus 2pt minus 12pt,
	}
	\global\let\bibfont=\footnotesize
	\global\bibsep=0pt
	\if@twocolumn\global\@twocolumnfalse\fi
	\else\ifnum\jtype=3
	\RequirePackage{geometry}
	\geometry{twoside,
	paperwidth=210mm,
	paperheight=297mm,
	textheight=622pt,
	textwidth=468pt,
	centering,
	headheight=50pt,
	headsep=12pt,
	footskip=18pt,
	footnotesep=24pt plus 2pt minus 12pt,
	columnsep=2pc
	}
	\global\let\bibfont=\footnotesize
	\global\bibsep=0pt
	\if@twocolumn\input{fleqn.clo}\fi
	\else\ifnum\jtype=5
	\RequirePackage{geometry}
	\geometry{twoside,
	paperwidth=210mm,
	paperheight=297mm,
	textheight=682pt,
	textwidth=522pt,
	centering,
	headheight=50pt,
	headsep=12pt,
	footskip=18pt,
	footnotesep=24pt plus 2pt minus 12pt,
	columnsep=18pt
	}%
	\global\let\bibfont=\footnotesize
	\global\bibsep=0pt
	\input{fleqn.clo}
	\global\@twocolumntrue
	%%
	%% End of option '5p'
	%%
	\fi\fi\fi
	\def\journal#1{\gdef\@journal{#1}}
	\let\@journal\@empty
	\newenvironment{frontmatter}{}{\maketitle}

	\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
	\vskip\abovecaptionskip\footnotesize
	\sbox\@tempboxa{#1: #2}%
	\ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
	#1: #2\par
	\else
	\global \@minipagefalse
	\hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
	\fi
	\vskip\belowcaptionskip}

	\AtBeginDocument{\@ifpackageloaded{hyperref}
	{\def\@linkcolor{blue}
	\def\@anchorcolor{blue}
	\def\@citecolor{blue}
	\def\@filecolor{blue}
	\def\@urlcolor{blue}
	\def\@menucolor{blue}
	\def\@pagecolor{blue}
	\begingroup
	\@makeother\`%
	\@makeother\=%
	\edef\x{%
	\edef\noexpand\x{%
	\endgroup
	\noexpand\toks@{%
	\catcode 96=\noexpand\the\catcode`\noexpand\`\relax
	\catcode 61=\noexpand\the\catcode`\noexpand\=\relax
	}%
	}%
	\noexpand\x
	}%
	\x
	\@makeother\`
	\@makeother\=
	}{}}
	%%
	\def\appendixname{Appendix }
	\renewcommand\appendix{\par
	\setcounter{section}{0}%
	\setcounter{subsection}{0}%
	\setcounter{equation}{0}
	\gdef\thefigure{\@Alph\c@section.\arabic{figure}}%
	\gdef\thetable{\@Alph\c@section.\arabic{table}}%
	\gdef\thesection{\appendixname~\@Alph\c@section}%
	\@addtoreset{equation}{section}%
	\gdef\theequation{\@Alph\c@section.\arabic{equation}}%
	\addtocontents{toc}{\string\let\string\numberline\string\tmptocnumberline}{}{}
	}

	%%%% \numberline width calculation for appendix.
	\newdimen\appnamewidth
	\def\tmptocnumberline#1{%
	\setbox0=\hbox{\appendixname}
	\appnamewidth=\wd0
	\addtolength\appnamewidth{2.5pc}
	\hb@xt@\appnamewidth{#1\hfill}
	}

	%% Added for work with amsrefs.sty

	\@ifpackageloaded{amsrefs}%
	{}
	{%\let\bibsection\relax%
	\AtBeginDocument{\def\cites@b#1#2,#3{%
	\begingroup[%
	\toks@{\InnerCite{#2}#1}%
	\ifx\@empty#3\@xp\@gobble\fi
	\cites@c#3%
	}}}
	%%
	%% Added for avoiding clash with cleveref.sty

	\@ifpackageloaded{cleveref}%
	{}
	{\def\tnotetext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@tnotes{%
	\refstepcounter{tnote}%
	\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\Newlabel{#1}{\thetnote}}
	\def\thefootnote{\ifcase\c@tnote\or\ding{73}\or\ding{73}\ding{73}\fi}%
	\footnotetext{#2}}}
	%%%
	\def\fntext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@fnotes{%
	\refstepcounter{fnote}%
	\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\Newlabel{#1}{\thefnote}}
	\def\thefootnote{\thefnote}%
	\global\setcounter{footnote}{\thefnote}%
	\footnotetext{#2}}}
	%%%
	\def\cortext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@cornotes{%
	\refstepcounter{cnote}%
	\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\Newlabel{#1}{\thecnote}}
	\def\thefootnote{\ifcase\thecnote\or$\ast$\or
	$\ast\ast$\fi}%
	\footnotetext{#2}}}
	}
	\endinput
	%%
	%% End of file `elsarticle.cls'.

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