R9482/Homework3b7d699fb0613master
README.md
SP4E - Homework 3
General Info
This file provides a brief documentation and information related to the third Homework of the course "Scientific Programming for Engineers", fall 2019.
This homework is done by O. Ashtari and A. Sieber.
Last update: 12.11.2019
Project Description
One goal of this project is to learn and practice how to link an external library, here FFTW, to a C++ code. We use fast Fourier transforms to solve heat equation on a 2D square domain using a pseudo-spectral method. For this aim, as the second objective of the project, we extend the existing code originally written for simulating dynamics of interacting particles and the displacement of planets. Many functionalities we need have been already implemented and tested in the available code. We will therefore use those functionalities as a starting point to our project.
Executable Files
After cloning this repository on your computer, you should build the program in a desired directory based on the CMakeLists.txt file in the root folder. To do so, from within the destination directory, you can build the executable file(s) using command line below:
$ cmake -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=<include> -DCMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=<library> -DUSE_FFT=<status> <CMakeLists> $ make
where the command cmake is basically followed by the address of the directory where the CMakeLists.txt is located (denoted by <CMakeLists>.) Additional options are available as follows:
- -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH specifies the path where you want the program to look for headers (.h files). <include> in the command above will be replaced by the address.
- -DCMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH specifies the path where you want the program to look for libraries (.a files). <library> in the command above will be replaced by the address.
- -DUSE_FFT determines whether the program should look for FFTW library/header in the specified directories or not. <status> can either be ON or OFF.
Note that googletest must be installed in the lib folder to build the executables. The library can be cloned from github.com.
The executable file particles will be built in <build_directory>/src. Moreover, three tests test_fft, test_heat and test_kepler are built. The minimum requirement for CMake is the version 3.1.
Running a simulation: from generating initial condition to post-processing
1- Generating initial condition
The first step in running a simulation consist in setting up the initial conditions. This is done through the python script input_generator.py located in the tools folder. By running this code, the user is asked to chose the following options:
- Simulation test case -simulation, by default line_source.
- The grid size -N_grid, by default 32. Nothe that FFTW is much more efficient if -N_grid is a power of 2.
- The half domain extend -L in both the x- and y-directions, by default 1. Don't forget to use 2L as length of the domain when running the C++ program for integrating in time.
- The uniform initial temperature -T, by default 0. Since only derivatives of temperature exist in the governing equation, a shift in temperature does not make any difference in the dynamics of the problem. That's why when you use dirichlet boundary conditions, temperature at boundaries is set equal to 0. So we do not suggest the user to change the value of the uniform temperature.
- The radius of the heat source -R, by default 0.5. This argument is only used if radial_source is chosen as the simulation type.
The available simulation test cases (for the flag -simulation) are the following:
- Uniform temperature without heat source, uniform_temperature.
- Uniform temperature with line heat sources, line_source.
- Uniform temperature with radial heat source, radial_source.
As an example for each type of simulation, see the following command lines:
$ python3 -simulation uniform_temperature -N_grid 512 -L 1.0 -T 1.0 $ python3 -simulation line_source -N_grid 512 -L 1.0 -T 0.0 $ python3 -simulation radial_source -N_grid 512 -L 1.0 -T 0.0 -R 0.5
which initialized the desired condition on a [-1;1]x[-1;1] domain and a 512x512 grid.
2- Running the calculations
Once this step is achieved, the actual simulation can be performed. This is done by running the particles executable through the command line alongside a set a user-defined variables.
$ <build directory>/src/particles <n_steps> <dump_freq> <input_file> <particles_type> <time_step> <boundary_type> <domain_length> <density*heat_capacity> <heat_conductivity>
The hereinabove arguments represent:
- n_steps, the number of time steps. Must be an integer.
- dump_freq, the output files dumping frequency. Must be an integer.
- input_file, the path to the input file generated with the input_generator.py script.
- particles_types, the type of simulation. Here, for heat equation, the string material_point must be used.
- time_step, the integration time step size. Must be a double.
- boundary_type, the boundary type. As of now, only Dirichlet or Periodic boundary conditions are implemented.
- domain_length, the TOTAL length of the domain in both the x- and y-direction. To be consistent with the L used in the python script, here the domain_length must be set to 2xL.
- density*heat_capacity, the product of the mass density and the heat capacity of the simulated material.
- heat_conductivity, the heat conductivity of the simulated material.
The user is also asked to create a dumps folder where the dumped file can be stored. An example of the run command line is given below:
$ ./particles 5000 10 input.csv material_point 0.0005 Dirichlet 2 1 0.5
This simulation consists of 5000 time steps of 0.0005 on a [-1;1]x[-1;1] domain. Outputs are dumped every 10 time steps. Dirichlet boundary conditions are implemented at the boundaries. The product of the mass density and the heat capacity is 1 and the heat conductivity is 0.5. Every other simulation properties are set in input_generator.py script.
3- Visualization
The visualization of the results can be done with the Paraview software. Here, we introduce two different ways to visualize the results in this software: (1) through a simple step-by-step guide and (2) with a macro that contains all steps in a Python .py file.
Step-by-step instruction
Step 1: First, the dumped files are loaded into the software (by selecting step-..csv group of output files inside the dumps folder.) After loading the files, be sure to set the field Delimiter Character to a simple space, and uncheck the Have Headers box. Then click on Apply.
Step 2: The Table To Points filter allows to convert the data points to coordinates. The x-coordinates correspond to the field 0, the y-coordinates correspond to the field 1 and the z-coordinates correspond to the field 2. Click on Apply after making these changes.
Step 3: Finally, to visualization different fields add a proper filter like Delaunay 2D or Point Volume Interpolator to the Table To Points object from step 2. Visualization of the temperature field is achieved by setting the Coloring option of the field 13 whereas the field 14 shows the heat source distribution. Finally, in the Properties box under Coloring, click on Rescale to data range over all timesteps and enjoy the animation.
Using the provided macro
A file named Visualization.py is located in the tools folder. To use this macro, under the tab Macros click on Add new macro..., then select the .py file. Now if you click on Macros you see that a new row, named Visualization, is added to the menu. Having the macro available you need to open a group of results (<running directory>/dumps/step-..csv) and then click on the recently added item Visualization (under Macros.) Steps described in the previous subsection will be taken. Finally, under Coloring option from the Properties box, click on Rescale to data range over all timesteps and enjoy the animation.
Integration of the boundary condition in the existing code
The boundary conditions for heat equation are handled in the heat_boundary.hh and heat_boundary.cc source files defining the class Heat_Boundary. The class ComputeTemperature (defined in compute_temperature.hh file) has a member of type Heat_Boundary.
The process works as follow: From the command line, the code decides whether the BC_Type, member of the class Heat_Boundary, should be Dirichlet or Periodic (see material_points_factory.) Then at each time step, all nodes are first updated without considering the boundary conditions, then heat_boundary.hh's compute method is called and imposes the proper boundary conditions, based on BC_Type on nodes that are located on boundaries, i.e. nodes that correspond to i=0 or j=0 when looping over i and j to swipe all the grid.