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gtest-printers_test.cc
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gtest-printers_test.cc
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			// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
			// All rights reserved.
			//
			// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
			// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
			// met:
			//
			// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
			// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
			// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
			// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
			// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
			// distribution.
			// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
			// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
			// this software without specific prior written permission.
			//
			// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
			// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
			// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
			// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
			// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
			// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
			// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
			// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
			// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
			// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
			// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
			//
			// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)

			// Google Test - The Google C++ Testing Framework
			//
			// This file tests the universal value printer.

			#include "gtest/gtest-printers.h"

			#include <ctype.h>
			#include <limits.h>
			#include <string.h>
			#include <algorithm>
			#include <deque>
			#include <list>
			#include <map>
			#include <set>
			#include <sstream>
			#include <string>
			#include <utility>
			#include <vector>

			#include "gtest/gtest.h"

			#if GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_MAP_
			# include <unordered_map> // NOLINT
			#endif // GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_MAP_

			#if GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_SET_
			# include <unordered_set> // NOLINT
			#endif // GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_SET_

			#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_
			# include <forward_list> // NOLINT
			#endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_

			// Some user-defined types for testing the universal value printer.

			// An anonymous enum type.
			enum AnonymousEnum {
			kAE1 = -1,
			kAE2 = 1
			};

			// An enum without a user-defined printer.
			enum EnumWithoutPrinter {
			kEWP1 = -2,
			kEWP2 = 42
			};

			// An enum with a << operator.
			enum EnumWithStreaming {
			kEWS1 = 10
			};

			std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, EnumWithStreaming e) {
			return os << (e == kEWS1 ? "kEWS1" : "invalid");
			}

			// An enum with a PrintTo() function.
			enum EnumWithPrintTo {
			kEWPT1 = 1
			};

			void PrintTo(EnumWithPrintTo e, std::ostream* os) {
			*os << (e == kEWPT1 ? "kEWPT1" : "invalid");
			}

			// A class implicitly convertible to BiggestInt.
			class BiggestIntConvertible {
			public:
			operator ::testing::internal::BiggestInt() const { return 42; }
			};

			// A user-defined unprintable class template in the global namespace.
			template <typename T>
			class UnprintableTemplateInGlobal {
			public:
			UnprintableTemplateInGlobal() : value_() {}
			private:
			T value_;
			};

			// A user-defined streamable type in the global namespace.
			class StreamableInGlobal {
			public:
			virtual ~StreamableInGlobal() {}
			};

			inline void operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const StreamableInGlobal& /* x */) {
			os << "StreamableInGlobal";
			}

			void operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const StreamableInGlobal* /* x */) {
			os << "StreamableInGlobal*";
			}

			namespace foo {

			// A user-defined unprintable type in a user namespace.
			class UnprintableInFoo {
			public:
			UnprintableInFoo() : z_(0) { memcpy(xy_, "\xEF\x12\x0\x0\x34\xAB\x0\x0", 8); }
			double z() const { return z_; }
			private:
			char xy_[8];
			double z_;
			};

			// A user-defined printable type in a user-chosen namespace.
			struct PrintableViaPrintTo {
			PrintableViaPrintTo() : value() {}
			int value;
			};

			void PrintTo(const PrintableViaPrintTo& x, ::std::ostream* os) {
			*os << "PrintableViaPrintTo: " << x.value;
			}

			// A type with a user-defined << for printing its pointer.
			struct PointerPrintable {
			};

			::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os,
			const PointerPrintable* /* x */) {
			return os << "PointerPrintable*";
			}

			// A user-defined printable class template in a user-chosen namespace.
			template <typename T>
			class PrintableViaPrintToTemplate {
			public:
			explicit PrintableViaPrintToTemplate(const T& a_value) : value_(a_value) {}

			const T& value() const { return value_; }
			private:
			T value_;
			};

			template <typename T>
			void PrintTo(const PrintableViaPrintToTemplate<T>& x, ::std::ostream* os) {
			*os << "PrintableViaPrintToTemplate: " << x.value();
			}

			// A user-defined streamable class template in a user namespace.
			template <typename T>
			class StreamableTemplateInFoo {
			public:
			StreamableTemplateInFoo() : value_() {}

			const T& value() const { return value_; }
			private:
			T value_;
			};

			template <typename T>
			inline ::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os,
			const StreamableTemplateInFoo<T>& x) {
			return os << "StreamableTemplateInFoo: " << x.value();
			}

			// A user-defined streamable but recursivly-defined container type in
			// a user namespace, it mimics therefore std::filesystem::path or
			// boost::filesystem::path.
			class PathLike {
			public:
			struct iterator {
			typedef PathLike value_type;
			};

			PathLike() {}

			iterator begin() const { return iterator(); }
			iterator end() const { return iterator(); }

			friend ::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const PathLike&) {
			return os << "Streamable-PathLike";
			}
			};

			} // namespace foo

			namespace testing {
			namespace gtest_printers_test {

			using ::std::deque;
			using ::std::list;
			using ::std::make_pair;
			using ::std::map;
			using ::std::multimap;
			using ::std::multiset;
			using ::std::pair;
			using ::std::set;
			using ::std::vector;
			using ::testing::PrintToString;
			using ::testing::internal::FormatForComparisonFailureMessage;
			using ::testing::internal::ImplicitCast_;
			using ::testing::internal::NativeArray;
			using ::testing::internal::RE;
			using ::testing::internal::RelationToSourceReference;
			using ::testing::internal::Strings;
			using ::testing::internal::UniversalPrint;
			using ::testing::internal::UniversalPrinter;
			using ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrint;
			#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE \|\| GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
			using ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings;
			#endif

			// Prints a value to a string using the universal value printer. This
			// is a helper for testing UniversalPrinter<T>::Print() for various types.
			template <typename T>
			std::string Print(const T& value) {
			::std::stringstream ss;
			UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, &ss);
			return ss.str();
			}

			// Prints a value passed by reference to a string, using the universal
			// value printer. This is a helper for testing
			// UniversalPrinter<T&>::Print() for various types.
			template <typename T>
			std::string PrintByRef(const T& value) {
			::std::stringstream ss;
			UniversalPrinter<T&>::Print(value, &ss);
			return ss.str();
			}

			// Tests printing various enum types.

			TEST(PrintEnumTest, AnonymousEnum) {
			EXPECT_EQ("-1", Print(kAE1));
			EXPECT_EQ("1", Print(kAE2));
			}

			TEST(PrintEnumTest, EnumWithoutPrinter) {
			EXPECT_EQ("-2", Print(kEWP1));
			EXPECT_EQ("42", Print(kEWP2));
			}

			TEST(PrintEnumTest, EnumWithStreaming) {
			EXPECT_EQ("kEWS1", Print(kEWS1));
			EXPECT_EQ("invalid", Print(static_cast<EnumWithStreaming>(0)));
			}

			TEST(PrintEnumTest, EnumWithPrintTo) {
			EXPECT_EQ("kEWPT1", Print(kEWPT1));
			EXPECT_EQ("invalid", Print(static_cast<EnumWithPrintTo>(0)));
			}

			// Tests printing a class implicitly convertible to BiggestInt.

			TEST(PrintClassTest, BiggestIntConvertible) {
			EXPECT_EQ("42", Print(BiggestIntConvertible()));
			}

			// Tests printing various char types.

			// char.
			TEST(PrintCharTest, PlainChar) {
			EXPECT_EQ("'\\0'", Print('\0'));
			EXPECT_EQ("'\\'' (39, 0x27)", Print('\''));
			EXPECT_EQ("'\"' (34, 0x22)", Print('"'));
			EXPECT_EQ("'?' (63, 0x3F)", Print('?'));
			EXPECT_EQ("'\\\\' (92, 0x5C)", Print('\\'));
			EXPECT_EQ("'\\a' (7)", Print('\a'));
			EXPECT_EQ("'\\b' (8)", Print('\b'));
			EXPECT_EQ("'\\f' (12, 0xC)", Print('\f'));
			EXPECT_EQ("'\\n' (10, 0xA)", Print('\n'));
			EXPECT_EQ("'\\r' (13, 0xD)", Print('\r'));
			EXPECT_EQ("'\\t' (9)", Print('\t'));
			EXPECT_EQ("'\\v' (11, 0xB)", Print('\v'));
			EXPECT_EQ("'\\x7F' (127)", Print('\x7F'));
			EXPECT_EQ("'\\xFF' (255)", Print('\xFF'));
			EXPECT_EQ("' ' (32, 0x20)", Print(' '));
			EXPECT_EQ("'a' (97, 0x61)", Print('a'));
			}

			// signed char.
			TEST(PrintCharTest, SignedChar) {
			EXPECT_EQ("'\\0'", Print(static_cast<signed char>('\0')));
			EXPECT_EQ("'\\xCE' (-50)",
			Print(static_cast<signed char>(-50)));
			}

			// unsigned char.
			TEST(PrintCharTest, UnsignedChar) {
			EXPECT_EQ("'\\0'", Print(static_cast<unsigned char>('\0')));
			EXPECT_EQ("'b' (98, 0x62)",
			Print(static_cast<unsigned char>('b')));
			}

			// Tests printing other simple, built-in types.

			// bool.
			TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Bool) {
			EXPECT_EQ("false", Print(false));
			EXPECT_EQ("true", Print(true));
			}

			// wchar_t.
			TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Wchar_t) {
			EXPECT_EQ("L'\\0'", Print(L'\0'));
			EXPECT_EQ("L'\\'' (39, 0x27)", Print(L'\''));
			EXPECT_EQ("L'\"' (34, 0x22)", Print(L'"'));
			EXPECT_EQ("L'?' (63, 0x3F)", Print(L'?'));
			EXPECT_EQ("L'\\\\' (92, 0x5C)", Print(L'\\'));
			EXPECT_EQ("L'\\a' (7)", Print(L'\a'));
			EXPECT_EQ("L'\\b' (8)", Print(L'\b'));
			EXPECT_EQ("L'\\f' (12, 0xC)", Print(L'\f'));
			EXPECT_EQ("L'\\n' (10, 0xA)", Print(L'\n'));
			EXPECT_EQ("L'\\r' (13, 0xD)", Print(L'\r'));
			EXPECT_EQ("L'\\t' (9)", Print(L'\t'));
			EXPECT_EQ("L'\\v' (11, 0xB)", Print(L'\v'));
			EXPECT_EQ("L'\\x7F' (127)", Print(L'\x7F'));
			EXPECT_EQ("L'\\xFF' (255)", Print(L'\xFF'));
			EXPECT_EQ("L' ' (32, 0x20)", Print(L' '));
			EXPECT_EQ("L'a' (97, 0x61)", Print(L'a'));
			EXPECT_EQ("L'\\x576' (1398)", Print(static_cast<wchar_t>(0x576)));
			EXPECT_EQ("L'\\xC74D' (51021)", Print(static_cast<wchar_t>(0xC74D)));
			}

			// Test that Int64 provides more storage than wchar_t.
			TEST(PrintTypeSizeTest, Wchar_t) {
			EXPECT_LT(sizeof(wchar_t), sizeof(testing::internal::Int64));
			}

			// Various integer types.
			TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Integer) {
			EXPECT_EQ("'\\xFF' (255)", Print(static_cast<unsigned char>(255))); // uint8
			EXPECT_EQ("'\\x80' (-128)", Print(static_cast<signed char>(-128))); // int8
			EXPECT_EQ("65535", Print(USHRT_MAX)); // uint16
			EXPECT_EQ("-32768", Print(SHRT_MIN)); // int16
			EXPECT_EQ("4294967295", Print(UINT_MAX)); // uint32
			EXPECT_EQ("-2147483648", Print(INT_MIN)); // int32
			EXPECT_EQ("18446744073709551615",
			Print(static_cast<testing::internal::UInt64>(-1))); // uint64
			EXPECT_EQ("-9223372036854775808",
			Print(static_cast<testing::internal::Int64>(1) << 63)); // int64
			}

			// Size types.
			TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Size_t) {
			EXPECT_EQ("1", Print(sizeof('a'))); // size_t.
			#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
			// Windows has no ssize_t type.
			EXPECT_EQ("-2", Print(static_cast<ssize_t>(-2))); // ssize_t.
			#endif // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
			}

			// Floating-points.
			TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, FloatingPoints) {
			EXPECT_EQ("1.5", Print(1.5f)); // float
			EXPECT_EQ("-2.5", Print(-2.5)); // double
			}

			// Since ::std::stringstream::operator<<(const void *) formats the pointer
			// output differently with different compilers, we have to create the expected
			// output first and use it as our expectation.
			static std::string PrintPointer(const void* p) {
			::std::stringstream expected_result_stream;
			expected_result_stream << p;
			return expected_result_stream.str();
			}

			// Tests printing C strings.

			// const char*.
			TEST(PrintCStringTest, Const) {
			const char* p = "World";
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to \"World\"", Print(p));
			}

			// char*.
			TEST(PrintCStringTest, NonConst) {
			char p[] = "Hi";
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to \"Hi\"",
			Print(static_cast<char*>(p)));
			}

			// NULL C string.
			TEST(PrintCStringTest, Null) {
			const char* p = NULL;
			EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
			}

			// Tests that C strings are escaped properly.
			TEST(PrintCStringTest, EscapesProperly) {
			const char* p = "'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\x7F\xFF a";
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to \"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f"
			"\\n\\r\\t\\v\\x7F\\xFF a\"",
			Print(p));
			}

			// MSVC compiler can be configured to define whar_t as a typedef
			// of unsigned short. Defining an overload for const wchar_t* in that case
			// would cause pointers to unsigned shorts be printed as wide strings,
			// possibly accessing more memory than intended and causing invalid
			// memory accesses. MSVC defines _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED symbol when
			// wchar_t is implemented as a native type.
			#if !defined(_MSC_VER) \|\| defined(_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED)

			// const wchar_t*.
			TEST(PrintWideCStringTest, Const) {
			const wchar_t* p = L"World";
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to L\"World\"", Print(p));
			}

			// wchar_t*.
			TEST(PrintWideCStringTest, NonConst) {
			wchar_t p[] = L"Hi";
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to L\"Hi\"",
			Print(static_cast<wchar_t*>(p)));
			}

			// NULL wide C string.
			TEST(PrintWideCStringTest, Null) {
			const wchar_t* p = NULL;
			EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
			}

			// Tests that wide C strings are escaped properly.
			TEST(PrintWideCStringTest, EscapesProperly) {
			const wchar_t s[] = {'\'', '"', '?', '\\', '\a', '\b', '\f', '\n', '\r',
			'\t', '\v', 0xD3, 0x576, 0x8D3, 0xC74D, ' ', 'a', '\0'};
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s) + " pointing to L\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f"
			"\\n\\r\\t\\v\\xD3\\x576\\x8D3\\xC74D a\"",
			Print(static_cast<const wchar_t*>(s)));
			}
			#endif // native wchar_t

			// Tests printing pointers to other char types.

			// signed char*.
			TEST(PrintCharPointerTest, SignedChar) {
			signed char* p = reinterpret_cast<signed char*>(0x1234);
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
			p = NULL;
			EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
			}

			// const signed char*.
			TEST(PrintCharPointerTest, ConstSignedChar) {
			signed char* p = reinterpret_cast<signed char*>(0x1234);
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
			p = NULL;
			EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
			}

			// unsigned char*.
			TEST(PrintCharPointerTest, UnsignedChar) {
			unsigned char* p = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(0x1234);
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
			p = NULL;
			EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
			}

			// const unsigned char*.
			TEST(PrintCharPointerTest, ConstUnsignedChar) {
			const unsigned char* p = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(0x1234);
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
			p = NULL;
			EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
			}

			// Tests printing pointers to simple, built-in types.

			// bool*.
			TEST(PrintPointerToBuiltInTypeTest, Bool) {
			bool* p = reinterpret_cast<bool*>(0xABCD);
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
			p = NULL;
			EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
			}

			// void*.
			TEST(PrintPointerToBuiltInTypeTest, Void) {
			void* p = reinterpret_cast<void*>(0xABCD);
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
			p = NULL;
			EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
			}

			// const void*.
			TEST(PrintPointerToBuiltInTypeTest, ConstVoid) {
			const void* p = reinterpret_cast<const void*>(0xABCD);
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
			p = NULL;
			EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
			}

			// Tests printing pointers to pointers.
			TEST(PrintPointerToPointerTest, IntPointerPointer) {
			int p = reinterpret_cast<int>(0xABCD);
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
			p = NULL;
			EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
			}

			// Tests printing (non-member) function pointers.

			void MyFunction(int /* n */) {}

			TEST(PrintPointerTest, NonMemberFunctionPointer) {
			// We cannot directly cast &MyFunction to const void* because the
			// standard disallows casting between pointers to functions and
			// pointers to objects, and some compilers (e.g. GCC 3.4) enforce
			// this limitation.
			EXPECT_EQ(
			PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(
			reinterpret_cast<internal::BiggestInt>(&MyFunction))),
			Print(&MyFunction));
			int (*p)(bool) = NULL; // NOLINT
			EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
			}

			// An assertion predicate determining whether a one string is a prefix for
			// another.
			template <typename StringType>
			AssertionResult HasPrefix(const StringType& str, const StringType& prefix) {
			if (str.find(prefix, 0) == 0)
			return AssertionSuccess();

			const bool is_wide_string = sizeof(prefix[0]) > 1;
			const char* const begin_string_quote = is_wide_string ? "L\"" : "\"";
			return AssertionFailure()
			<< begin_string_quote << prefix << "\" is not a prefix of "
			<< begin_string_quote << str << "\"\n";
			}

			// Tests printing member variable pointers. Although they are called
			// pointers, they don't point to a location in the address space.
			// Their representation is implementation-defined. Thus they will be
			// printed as raw bytes.

			struct Foo {
			public:
			virtual ~Foo() {}
			int MyMethod(char x) { return x + 1; }
			virtual char MyVirtualMethod(int /* n */) { return 'a'; }

			int value;
			};

			TEST(PrintPointerTest, MemberVariablePointer) {
			EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(Print(&Foo::value),
			Print(sizeof(&Foo::value)) + "-byte object "));
			int (Foo::*p) = NULL; // NOLINT
			EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(Print(p),
			Print(sizeof(p)) + "-byte object "));
			}

			// Tests printing member function pointers. Although they are called
			// pointers, they don't point to a location in the address space.
			// Their representation is implementation-defined. Thus they will be
			// printed as raw bytes.
			TEST(PrintPointerTest, MemberFunctionPointer) {
			EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(Print(&Foo::MyMethod),
			Print(sizeof(&Foo::MyMethod)) + "-byte object "));
			EXPECT_TRUE(
			HasPrefix(Print(&Foo::MyVirtualMethod),
			Print(sizeof((&Foo::MyVirtualMethod))) + "-byte object "));
			int (Foo::*p)(char) = NULL; // NOLINT
			EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(Print(p),
			Print(sizeof(p)) + "-byte object "));
			}

			// Tests printing C arrays.

			// The difference between this and Print() is that it ensures that the
			// argument is a reference to an array.
			template <typename T, size_t N>
			std::string PrintArrayHelper(T (&a)[N]) {
			return Print(a);
			}

			// One-dimensional array.
			TEST(PrintArrayTest, OneDimensionalArray) {
			int a[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
			EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }", PrintArrayHelper(a));
			}

			// Two-dimensional array.
			TEST(PrintArrayTest, TwoDimensionalArray) {
			int a[2][5] = {
			{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 },
			{ 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 }
			};
			EXPECT_EQ("{ { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }, { 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 } }", PrintArrayHelper(a));
			}

			// Array of const elements.
			TEST(PrintArrayTest, ConstArray) {
			const bool a[1] = { false };
			EXPECT_EQ("{ false }", PrintArrayHelper(a));
			}

			// char array without terminating NUL.
			TEST(PrintArrayTest, CharArrayWithNoTerminatingNul) {
			// Array a contains '\0' in the middle and doesn't end with '\0'.
			char a[] = { 'H', '\0', 'i' };
			EXPECT_EQ("\"H\\0i\" (no terminating NUL)", PrintArrayHelper(a));
			}

			// const char array with terminating NUL.
			TEST(PrintArrayTest, ConstCharArrayWithTerminatingNul) {
			const char a[] = "\0Hi";
			EXPECT_EQ("\"\\0Hi\"", PrintArrayHelper(a));
			}

			// const wchar_t array without terminating NUL.
			TEST(PrintArrayTest, WCharArrayWithNoTerminatingNul) {
			// Array a contains '\0' in the middle and doesn't end with '\0'.
			const wchar_t a[] = { L'H', L'\0', L'i' };
			EXPECT_EQ("L\"H\\0i\" (no terminating NUL)", PrintArrayHelper(a));
			}

			// wchar_t array with terminating NUL.
			TEST(PrintArrayTest, WConstCharArrayWithTerminatingNul) {
			const wchar_t a[] = L"\0Hi";
			EXPECT_EQ("L\"\\0Hi\"", PrintArrayHelper(a));
			}

			// Array of objects.
			TEST(PrintArrayTest, ObjectArray) {
			std::string a[3] = {"Hi", "Hello", "Ni hao"};
			EXPECT_EQ("{ \"Hi\", \"Hello\", \"Ni hao\" }", PrintArrayHelper(a));
			}

			// Array with many elements.
			TEST(PrintArrayTest, BigArray) {
			int a[100] = { 1, 2, 3 };
			EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ..., 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }",
			PrintArrayHelper(a));
			}

			// Tests printing ::string and ::std::string.

			#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
			// ::string.
			TEST(PrintStringTest, StringInGlobalNamespace) {
			const char s[] = "'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\0\r\t\v\x7F\xFF a";
			const ::string str(s, sizeof(s));
			EXPECT_EQ("\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\0\\r\\t\\v\\x7F\\xFF a\\0\"",
			Print(str));
			}
			#endif // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING

			// ::std::string.
			TEST(PrintStringTest, StringInStdNamespace) {
			const char s[] = "'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\0\r\t\v\x7F\xFF a";
			const ::std::string str(s, sizeof(s));
			EXPECT_EQ("\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\0\\r\\t\\v\\x7F\\xFF a\\0\"",
			Print(str));
			}

			TEST(PrintStringTest, StringAmbiguousHex) {
			// "\x6BANANA" is ambiguous, it can be interpreted as starting with either of:
			// '\x6', '\x6B', or '\x6BA'.

			// a hex escaping sequence following by a decimal digit
			EXPECT_EQ("\"0\\x12\" \"3\"", Print(::std::string("0\x12" "3")));
			// a hex escaping sequence following by a hex digit (lower-case)
			EXPECT_EQ("\"mm\\x6\" \"bananas\"", Print(::std::string("mm\x6" "bananas")));
			// a hex escaping sequence following by a hex digit (upper-case)
			EXPECT_EQ("\"NOM\\x6\" \"BANANA\"", Print(::std::string("NOM\x6" "BANANA")));
			// a hex escaping sequence following by a non-xdigit
			EXPECT_EQ("\"!\\x5-!\"", Print(::std::string("!\x5-!")));
			}

			// Tests printing ::wstring and ::std::wstring.

			#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
			// ::wstring.
			TEST(PrintWideStringTest, StringInGlobalNamespace) {
			const wchar_t s[] = L"'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\0\r\t\v\xD3\x576\x8D3\xC74D a";
			const ::wstring str(s, sizeof(s)/sizeof(wchar_t));
			EXPECT_EQ("L\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\0\\r\\t\\v"
			"\\xD3\\x576\\x8D3\\xC74D a\\0\"",
			Print(str));
			}
			#endif // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING

			#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
			// ::std::wstring.
			TEST(PrintWideStringTest, StringInStdNamespace) {
			const wchar_t s[] = L"'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\0\r\t\v\xD3\x576\x8D3\xC74D a";
			const ::std::wstring str(s, sizeof(s)/sizeof(wchar_t));
			EXPECT_EQ("L\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\0\\r\\t\\v"
			"\\xD3\\x576\\x8D3\\xC74D a\\0\"",
			Print(str));
			}

			TEST(PrintWideStringTest, StringAmbiguousHex) {
			// same for wide strings.
			EXPECT_EQ("L\"0\\x12\" L\"3\"", Print(::std::wstring(L"0\x12" L"3")));
			EXPECT_EQ("L\"mm\\x6\" L\"bananas\"",
			Print(::std::wstring(L"mm\x6" L"bananas")));
			EXPECT_EQ("L\"NOM\\x6\" L\"BANANA\"",
			Print(::std::wstring(L"NOM\x6" L"BANANA")));
			EXPECT_EQ("L\"!\\x5-!\"", Print(::std::wstring(L"!\x5-!")));
			}
			#endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING

			// Tests printing types that support generic streaming (i.e. streaming
			// to std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits> for any valid Char and
			// CharTraits types).

			// Tests printing a non-template type that supports generic streaming.

			class AllowsGenericStreaming {};

			template <typename Char, typename CharTraits>
			std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& operator<<(
			std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& os,
			const AllowsGenericStreaming& /* a */) {
			return os << "AllowsGenericStreaming";
			}

			TEST(PrintTypeWithGenericStreamingTest, NonTemplateType) {
			AllowsGenericStreaming a;
			EXPECT_EQ("AllowsGenericStreaming", Print(a));
			}

			// Tests printing a template type that supports generic streaming.

			template <typename T>
			class AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate {};

			template <typename Char, typename CharTraits, typename T>
			std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& operator<<(
			std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& os,
			const AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate<T>& /* a */) {
			return os << "AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate";
			}

			TEST(PrintTypeWithGenericStreamingTest, TemplateType) {
			AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate<int> a;
			EXPECT_EQ("AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate", Print(a));
			}

			// Tests printing a type that supports generic streaming and can be
			// implicitly converted to another printable type.

			template <typename T>
			class AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate {
			public:
			operator bool() const { return false; }
			};

			template <typename Char, typename CharTraits, typename T>
			std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& operator<<(
			std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& os,
			const AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate<T>& /* a */) {
			return os << "AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate";
			}

			TEST(PrintTypeWithGenericStreamingTest, TypeImplicitlyConvertible) {
			AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate<int> a;
			EXPECT_EQ("AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate", Print(a));
			}

			#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL

			// Tests printing ::absl::string_view.

			TEST(PrintStringViewTest, SimpleStringView) {
			const ::absl::string_view sp = "Hello";
			EXPECT_EQ("\"Hello\"", Print(sp));
			}

			TEST(PrintStringViewTest, UnprintableCharacters) {
			const char str[] = "NUL (\0) and \r\t";
			const ::absl::string_view sp(str, sizeof(str) - 1);
			EXPECT_EQ("\"NUL (\\0) and \\r\\t\"", Print(sp));
			}

			#endif // GTEST_HAS_ABSL

			// Tests printing STL containers.

			TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, EmptyDeque) {
			deque<char> empty;
			EXPECT_EQ("{}", Print(empty));
			}

			TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, NonEmptyDeque) {
			deque<int> non_empty;
			non_empty.push_back(1);
			non_empty.push_back(3);
			EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 3 }", Print(non_empty));
			}

			#if GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_MAP_

			TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, OneElementHashMap) {
			::std::unordered_map<int, char> map1;
			map1[1] = 'a';
			EXPECT_EQ("{ (1, 'a' (97, 0x61)) }", Print(map1));
			}

			TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, HashMultiMap) {
			::std::unordered_multimap<int, bool> map1;
			map1.insert(make_pair(5, true));
			map1.insert(make_pair(5, false));

			// Elements of hash_multimap can be printed in any order.
			const std::string result = Print(map1);
			EXPECT_TRUE(result == "{ (5, true), (5, false) }" \|\|
			result == "{ (5, false), (5, true) }")
			<< " where Print(map1) returns \"" << result << "\".";
			}

			#endif // GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_MAP_

			#if GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_SET_

			TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, HashSet) {
			::std::unordered_set<int> set1;
			set1.insert(1);
			EXPECT_EQ("{ 1 }", Print(set1));
			}

			TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, HashMultiSet) {
			const int kSize = 5;
			int a[kSize] = { 1, 1, 2, 5, 1 };
			::std::unordered_multiset<int> set1(a, a + kSize);

			// Elements of hash_multiset can be printed in any order.
			const std::string result = Print(set1);
			const std::string expected_pattern = "{ d, d, d, d, d }"; // d means a digit.

			// Verifies the result matches the expected pattern; also extracts
			// the numbers in the result.
			ASSERT_EQ(expected_pattern.length(), result.length());
			std::vector<int> numbers;
			for (size_t i = 0; i != result.length(); i++) {
			if (expected_pattern[i] == 'd') {
			ASSERT_NE(isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(result[i])), 0);
			numbers.push_back(result[i] - '0');
			} else {
			EXPECT_EQ(expected_pattern[i], result[i]) << " where result is "
			<< result;
			}
			}

			// Makes sure the result contains the right numbers.
			std::sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());
			std::sort(a, a + kSize);
			EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(a, a + kSize, numbers.begin()));
			}

			#endif // GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_SET_

			TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, List) {
			const std::string a[] = {"hello", "world"};
			const list<std::string> strings(a, a + 2);
			EXPECT_EQ("{ \"hello\", \"world\" }", Print(strings));
			}

			TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Map) {
			map<int, bool> map1;
			map1[1] = true;
			map1[5] = false;
			map1[3] = true;
			EXPECT_EQ("{ (1, true), (3, true), (5, false) }", Print(map1));
			}

			TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, MultiMap) {
			multimap<bool, int> map1;
			// The make_pair template function would deduce the type as
			// pair<bool, int> here, and since the key part in a multimap has to
			// be constant, without a templated ctor in the pair class (as in
			// libCstd on Solaris), make_pair call would fail to compile as no
			// implicit conversion is found. Thus explicit typename is used
			// here instead.
			map1.insert(pair<const bool, int>(true, 0));
			map1.insert(pair<const bool, int>(true, 1));
			map1.insert(pair<const bool, int>(false, 2));
			EXPECT_EQ("{ (false, 2), (true, 0), (true, 1) }", Print(map1));
			}

			TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Set) {
			const unsigned int a[] = { 3, 0, 5 };
			set<unsigned int> set1(a, a + 3);
			EXPECT_EQ("{ 0, 3, 5 }", Print(set1));
			}

			TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, MultiSet) {
			const int a[] = { 1, 1, 2, 5, 1 };
			multiset<int> set1(a, a + 5);
			EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 1, 1, 2, 5 }", Print(set1));
			}

			#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_
			// <slist> is available on Linux in the google3 mode, but not on
			// Windows or Mac OS X.

			TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, SinglyLinkedList) {
			int a[] = { 9, 2, 8 };
			const std::forward_list<int> ints(a, a + 3);
			EXPECT_EQ("{ 9, 2, 8 }", Print(ints));
			}
			#endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_

			TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Pair) {
			pair<const bool, int> p(true, 5);
			EXPECT_EQ("(true, 5)", Print(p));
			}

			TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Vector) {
			vector<int> v;
			v.push_back(1);
			v.push_back(2);
			EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2 }", Print(v));
			}

			TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, LongSequence) {
			const int a[100] = { 1, 2, 3 };
			const vector<int> v(a, a + 100);
			EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, "
			"0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ... }", Print(v));
			}

			TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, NestedContainer) {
			const int a1[] = { 1, 2 };
			const int a2[] = { 3, 4, 5 };
			const list<int> l1(a1, a1 + 2);
			const list<int> l2(a2, a2 + 3);

			vector<list<int> > v;
			v.push_back(l1);
			v.push_back(l2);
			EXPECT_EQ("{ { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5 } }", Print(v));
			}

			TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, OneDimensionalNativeArray) {
			const int a[3] = { 1, 2, 3 };
			NativeArray<int> b(a, 3, RelationToSourceReference());
			EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2, 3 }", Print(b));
			}

			TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, TwoDimensionalNativeArray) {
			const int a[2][3] = { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } };
			NativeArray<int[3]> b(a, 2, RelationToSourceReference());
			EXPECT_EQ("{ { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } }", Print(b));
			}

			// Tests that a class named iterator isn't treated as a container.

			struct iterator {
			char x;
			};

			TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Iterator) {
			iterator it = {};
			EXPECT_EQ("1-byte object <00>", Print(it));
			}

			// Tests that a class named const_iterator isn't treated as a container.

			struct const_iterator {
			char x;
			};

			TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, ConstIterator) {
			const_iterator it = {};
			EXPECT_EQ("1-byte object <00>", Print(it));
			}

			#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
			// Tests printing ::std::tr1::tuples.

			// Tuples of various arities.
			TEST(PrintTr1TupleTest, VariousSizes) {
			::std::tr1::tuple<> t0;
			EXPECT_EQ("()", Print(t0));

			::std::tr1::tuple<int> t1(5);
			EXPECT_EQ("(5)", Print(t1));

			::std::tr1::tuple<char, bool> t2('a', true);
			EXPECT_EQ("('a' (97, 0x61), true)", Print(t2));

			::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int> t3(false, 2, 3);
			EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3)", Print(t3));

			::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int> t4(false, 2, 3, 4);
			EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4)", Print(t4));

			::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool> t5(false, 2, 3, 4, true);
			EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true)", Print(t5));

			::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int> t6(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6);
			EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6)", Print(t6));

			::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int> t7(
			false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7);
			EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7)", Print(t7));

			::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int, bool> t8(
			false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true);
			EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true)", Print(t8));

			::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int, bool, int> t9(
			false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true, 9);
			EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true, 9)", Print(t9));

			const char* const str = "8";
			// VC++ 2010's implementation of tuple of C++0x is deficient, requiring
			// an explicit type cast of NULL to be used.
			::std::tr1::tuple<bool, char, short, testing::internal::Int32, // NOLINT
			testing::internal::Int64, float, double, const char, void,
			std::string>
			t10(false, 'a', static_cast<short>(3), 4, 5, 1.5F, -2.5, str, // NOLINT
			ImplicitCast_<void*>(NULL), "10");
			EXPECT_EQ("(false, 'a' (97, 0x61), 3, 4, 5, 1.5, -2.5, " + PrintPointer(str) +
			" pointing to \"8\", NULL, \"10\")",
			Print(t10));
			}

			// Nested tuples.
			TEST(PrintTr1TupleTest, NestedTuple) {
			::std::tr1::tuple< ::std::tr1::tuple<int, bool>, char> nested(
			::std::tr1::make_tuple(5, true), 'a');
			EXPECT_EQ("((5, true), 'a' (97, 0x61))", Print(nested));
			}

			#endif // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE

			#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
			// Tests printing ::std::tuples.

			// Tuples of various arities.
			TEST(PrintStdTupleTest, VariousSizes) {
			::std::tuple<> t0;
			EXPECT_EQ("()", Print(t0));

			::std::tuple<int> t1(5);
			EXPECT_EQ("(5)", Print(t1));

			::std::tuple<char, bool> t2('a', true);
			EXPECT_EQ("('a' (97, 0x61), true)", Print(t2));

			::std::tuple<bool, int, int> t3(false, 2, 3);
			EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3)", Print(t3));

			::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int> t4(false, 2, 3, 4);
			EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4)", Print(t4));

			::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool> t5(false, 2, 3, 4, true);
			EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true)", Print(t5));

			::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int> t6(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6);
			EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6)", Print(t6));

			::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int> t7(
			false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7);
			EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7)", Print(t7));

			::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int, bool> t8(
			false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true);
			EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true)", Print(t8));

			::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int, bool, int> t9(
			false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true, 9);
			EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true, 9)", Print(t9));

			const char* const str = "8";
			// VC++ 2010's implementation of tuple of C++0x is deficient, requiring
			// an explicit type cast of NULL to be used.
			::std::tuple<bool, char, short, testing::internal::Int32, // NOLINT
			testing::internal::Int64, float, double, const char, void,
			std::string>
			t10(false, 'a', static_cast<short>(3), 4, 5, 1.5F, -2.5, str, // NOLINT
			ImplicitCast_<void*>(NULL), "10");
			EXPECT_EQ("(false, 'a' (97, 0x61), 3, 4, 5, 1.5, -2.5, " + PrintPointer(str) +
			" pointing to \"8\", NULL, \"10\")",
			Print(t10));
			}

			// Nested tuples.
			TEST(PrintStdTupleTest, NestedTuple) {
			::std::tuple< ::std::tuple<int, bool>, char> nested(
			::std::make_tuple(5, true), 'a');
			EXPECT_EQ("((5, true), 'a' (97, 0x61))", Print(nested));
			}

			#endif // GTEST_LANG_CXX11

			// Tests printing user-defined unprintable types.

			// Unprintable types in the global namespace.
			TEST(PrintUnprintableTypeTest, InGlobalNamespace) {
			EXPECT_EQ("1-byte object <00>",
			Print(UnprintableTemplateInGlobal<char>()));
			}

			// Unprintable types in a user namespace.
			TEST(PrintUnprintableTypeTest, InUserNamespace) {
			EXPECT_EQ("16-byte object <EF-12 00-00 34-AB 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00>",
			Print(::foo::UnprintableInFoo()));
			}

			// Unprintable types are that too big to be printed completely.

			struct Big {
			Big() { memset(array, 0, sizeof(array)); }
			char array[257];
			};

			TEST(PrintUnpritableTypeTest, BigObject) {
			EXPECT_EQ("257-byte object <00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
			"00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
			"00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
			"00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 ... 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
			"00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
			"00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
			"00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00>",
			Print(Big()));
			}

			// Tests printing user-defined streamable types.

			// Streamable types in the global namespace.
			TEST(PrintStreamableTypeTest, InGlobalNamespace) {
			StreamableInGlobal x;
			EXPECT_EQ("StreamableInGlobal", Print(x));
			EXPECT_EQ("StreamableInGlobal*", Print(&x));
			}

			// Printable template types in a user namespace.
			TEST(PrintStreamableTypeTest, TemplateTypeInUserNamespace) {
			EXPECT_EQ("StreamableTemplateInFoo: 0",
			Print(::foo::StreamableTemplateInFoo<int>()));
			}

			// Tests printing a user-defined recursive container type that has a <<
			// operator.
			TEST(PrintStreamableTypeTest, PathLikeInUserNamespace) {
			::foo::PathLike x;
			EXPECT_EQ("Streamable-PathLike", Print(x));
			const ::foo::PathLike cx;
			EXPECT_EQ("Streamable-PathLike", Print(cx));
			}

			// Tests printing user-defined types that have a PrintTo() function.
			TEST(PrintPrintableTypeTest, InUserNamespace) {
			EXPECT_EQ("PrintableViaPrintTo: 0",
			Print(::foo::PrintableViaPrintTo()));
			}

			// Tests printing a pointer to a user-defined type that has a <<
			// operator for its pointer.
			TEST(PrintPrintableTypeTest, PointerInUserNamespace) {
			::foo::PointerPrintable x;
			EXPECT_EQ("PointerPrintable*", Print(&x));
			}

			// Tests printing user-defined class template that have a PrintTo() function.
			TEST(PrintPrintableTypeTest, TemplateInUserNamespace) {
			EXPECT_EQ("PrintableViaPrintToTemplate: 5",
			Print(::foo::PrintableViaPrintToTemplate<int>(5)));
			}

			// Tests that the universal printer prints both the address and the
			// value of a reference.
			TEST(PrintReferenceTest, PrintsAddressAndValue) {
			int n = 5;
			EXPECT_EQ("@" + PrintPointer(&n) + " 5", PrintByRef(n));

			int a[2][3] = {
			{ 0, 1, 2 },
			{ 3, 4, 5 }
			};
			EXPECT_EQ("@" + PrintPointer(a) + " { { 0, 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5 } }",
			PrintByRef(a));

			const ::foo::UnprintableInFoo x;
			EXPECT_EQ("@" + PrintPointer(&x) + " 16-byte object "
			"<EF-12 00-00 34-AB 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00>",
			PrintByRef(x));
			}

			// Tests that the universal printer prints a function pointer passed by
			// reference.
			TEST(PrintReferenceTest, HandlesFunctionPointer) {
			void (*fp)(int n) = &MyFunction;
			const std::string fp_pointer_string =
			PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&fp));
			// We cannot directly cast &MyFunction to const void* because the
			// standard disallows casting between pointers to functions and
			// pointers to objects, and some compilers (e.g. GCC 3.4) enforce
			// this limitation.
			const std::string fp_string = PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(
			reinterpret_cast<internal::BiggestInt>(fp)));
			EXPECT_EQ("@" + fp_pointer_string + " " + fp_string,
			PrintByRef(fp));
			}

			// Tests that the universal printer prints a member function pointer
			// passed by reference.
			TEST(PrintReferenceTest, HandlesMemberFunctionPointer) {
			int (Foo::*p)(char ch) = &Foo::MyMethod;
			EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(
			PrintByRef(p),
			"@" + PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&p)) + " " +
			Print(sizeof(p)) + "-byte object "));

			char (Foo::*p2)(int n) = &Foo::MyVirtualMethod;
			EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(
			PrintByRef(p2),
			"@" + PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&p2)) + " " +
			Print(sizeof(p2)) + "-byte object "));
			}

			// Tests that the universal printer prints a member variable pointer
			// passed by reference.
			TEST(PrintReferenceTest, HandlesMemberVariablePointer) {
			int (Foo::*p) = &Foo::value; // NOLINT
			EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(
			PrintByRef(p),
			"@" + PrintPointer(&p) + " " + Print(sizeof(p)) + "-byte object "));
			}

			// Tests that FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(), which is used to print
			// an operand in a comparison assertion (e.g. ASSERT_EQ) when the assertion
			// fails, formats the operand in the desired way.

			// scalar
			TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForScalar) {
			EXPECT_STREQ("123",
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(123, 124).c_str());
			}

			// non-char pointer
			TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForNonCharPointer) {
			int n = 0;
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(&n),
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(&n, &n).c_str());
			}

			// non-char array
			TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, FormatsNonCharArrayAsPointer) {
			// In expression 'array == x', 'array' is compared by pointer.
			// Therefore we want to print an array operand as a pointer.
			int n[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(n),
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(n, n).c_str());
			}

			// Tests formatting a char pointer when it's compared with another pointer.
			// In this case we want to print it as a raw pointer, as the comparison is by
			// pointer.

			// char pointer vs pointer
			TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharPointerVsPointer) {
			// In expression 'p == x', where 'p' and 'x' are (const or not) char
			// pointers, the operands are compared by pointer. Therefore we
			// want to print 'p' as a pointer instead of a C string (we don't
			// even know if it's supposed to point to a valid C string).

			// const char*
			const char* s = "hello";
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s),
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, s).c_str());

			// char*
			char ch = 'a';
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(&ch),
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(&ch, &ch).c_str());
			}

			// wchar_t pointer vs pointer
			TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharPointerVsPointer) {
			// In expression 'p == x', where 'p' and 'x' are (const or not) char
			// pointers, the operands are compared by pointer. Therefore we
			// want to print 'p' as a pointer instead of a wide C string (we don't
			// even know if it's supposed to point to a valid wide C string).

			// const wchar_t*
			const wchar_t* s = L"hello";
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s),
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, s).c_str());

			// wchar_t*
			wchar_t ch = L'a';
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(&ch),
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(&ch, &ch).c_str());
			}

			// Tests formatting a char pointer when it's compared to a string object.
			// In this case we want to print the char pointer as a C string.

			#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
			// char pointer vs ::string
			TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharPointerVsString) {
			const char* s = "hello \"world";
			EXPECT_STREQ("\"hello \\\"world\"", // The string content should be escaped.
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, ::string()).c_str());

			// char*
			char str[] = "hi\1";
			char* p = str;
			EXPECT_STREQ("\"hi\\x1\"", // The string content should be escaped.
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(p, ::string()).c_str());
			}
			#endif

			// char pointer vs std::string
			TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharPointerVsStdString) {
			const char* s = "hello \"world";
			EXPECT_STREQ("\"hello \\\"world\"", // The string content should be escaped.
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, ::std::string()).c_str());

			// char*
			char str[] = "hi\1";
			char* p = str;
			EXPECT_STREQ("\"hi\\x1\"", // The string content should be escaped.
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(p, ::std::string()).c_str());
			}

			#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
			// wchar_t pointer vs ::wstring
			TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharPointerVsWString) {
			const wchar_t* s = L"hi \"world";
			EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi \\\"world\"", // The string content should be escaped.
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, ::wstring()).c_str());

			// wchar_t*
			wchar_t str[] = L"hi\1";
			wchar_t* p = str;
			EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi\\x1\"", // The string content should be escaped.
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(p, ::wstring()).c_str());
			}
			#endif

			#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
			// wchar_t pointer vs std::wstring
			TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharPointerVsStdWString) {
			const wchar_t* s = L"hi \"world";
			EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi \\\"world\"", // The string content should be escaped.
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, ::std::wstring()).c_str());

			// wchar_t*
			wchar_t str[] = L"hi\1";
			wchar_t* p = str;
			EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi\\x1\"", // The string content should be escaped.
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(p, ::std::wstring()).c_str());
			}
			#endif

			// Tests formatting a char array when it's compared with a pointer or array.
			// In this case we want to print the array as a row pointer, as the comparison
			// is by pointer.

			// char array vs pointer
			TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharArrayVsPointer) {
			char str[] = "hi \"world\"";
			char* p = NULL;
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(str),
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, p).c_str());
			}

			// char array vs char array
			TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharArrayVsCharArray) {
			const char str[] = "hi \"world\"";
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(str),
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, str).c_str());
			}

			// wchar_t array vs pointer
			TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharArrayVsPointer) {
			wchar_t str[] = L"hi \"world\"";
			wchar_t* p = NULL;
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(str),
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, p).c_str());
			}

			// wchar_t array vs wchar_t array
			TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharArrayVsWCharArray) {
			const wchar_t str[] = L"hi \"world\"";
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(str),
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, str).c_str());
			}

			// Tests formatting a char array when it's compared with a string object.
			// In this case we want to print the array as a C string.

			#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
			// char array vs string
			TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharArrayVsString) {
			const char str[] = "hi \"w\0rld\"";
			EXPECT_STREQ("\"hi \\\"w\"", // The content should be escaped.
			// Embedded NUL terminates the string.
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, ::string()).c_str());
			}
			#endif

			// char array vs std::string
			TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharArrayVsStdString) {
			const char str[] = "hi \"world\"";
			EXPECT_STREQ("\"hi \\\"world\\\"\"", // The content should be escaped.
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, ::std::string()).c_str());
			}

			#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
			// wchar_t array vs wstring
			TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharArrayVsWString) {
			const wchar_t str[] = L"hi \"world\"";
			EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi \\\"world\\\"\"", // The content should be escaped.
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, ::wstring()).c_str());
			}
			#endif

			#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
			// wchar_t array vs std::wstring
			TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharArrayVsStdWString) {
			const wchar_t str[] = L"hi \"w\0rld\"";
			EXPECT_STREQ(
			"L\"hi \\\"w\"", // The content should be escaped.
			// Embedded NUL terminates the string.
			FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, ::std::wstring()).c_str());
			}
			#endif

			// Useful for testing PrintToString(). We cannot use EXPECT_EQ()
			// there as its implementation uses PrintToString(). The caller must
			// ensure that 'value' has no side effect.
			#define EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(value, expected_string) \
			EXPECT_TRUE(PrintToString(value) == (expected_string)) \
			<< " where " #value " prints as " << (PrintToString(value))

			TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForScalar) {
			EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(123, "123");
			}

			TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForPointerToConstChar) {
			const char* p = "hello";
			EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(p, "\"hello\"");
			}

			TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForPointerToNonConstChar) {
			char s[] = "hello";
			char* p = s;
			EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(p, "\"hello\"");
			}

			TEST(PrintToStringTest, EscapesForPointerToConstChar) {
			const char* p = "hello\n";
			EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(p, "\"hello\\n\"");
			}

			TEST(PrintToStringTest, EscapesForPointerToNonConstChar) {
			char s[] = "hello\1";
			char* p = s;
			EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(p, "\"hello\\x1\"");
			}

			TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForArray) {
			int n[3] = { 1, 2, 3 };
			EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(n, "{ 1, 2, 3 }");
			}

			TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForCharArray) {
			char s[] = "hello";
			EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(s, "\"hello\"");
			}

			TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForCharArrayWithEmbeddedNul) {
			const char str_with_nul[] = "hello\0 world";
			EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(str_with_nul, "\"hello\\0 world\"");

			char mutable_str_with_nul[] = "hello\0 world";
			EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(mutable_str_with_nul, "\"hello\\0 world\"");
			}

			TEST(PrintToStringTest, ContainsNonLatin) {
			// Sanity test with valid UTF-8. Prints both in hex and as text.
			std::string non_ascii_str = ::std::string("오전 4:30");
			EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(non_ascii_str,
			"\"\\xEC\\x98\\xA4\\xEC\\xA0\\x84 4:30\"\n"
			" As Text: \"오전 4:30\"");
			non_ascii_str = ::std::string("From ä — ẑ");
			EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(non_ascii_str,
			"\"From \\xC3\\xA4 \\xE2\\x80\\x94 \\xE1\\xBA\\x91\""
			"\n As Text: \"From ä — ẑ\"");
			}

			TEST(IsValidUTF8Test, IllFormedUTF8) {
			// The following test strings are ill-formed UTF-8 and are printed
			// as hex only (or ASCII, in case of ASCII bytes) because IsValidUTF8() is
			// expected to fail, thus output does not contain "As Text:".

			static const char *const kTestdata[][2] = {
			// 2-byte lead byte followed by a single-byte character.
			{"\xC3\x74", "\"\\xC3t\""},
			// Valid 2-byte character followed by an orphan trail byte.
			{"\xC3\x84\xA4", "\"\\xC3\\x84\\xA4\""},
			// Lead byte without trail byte.
			{"abc\xC3", "\"abc\\xC3\""},
			// 3-byte lead byte, single-byte character, orphan trail byte.
			{"x\xE2\x70\x94", "\"x\\xE2p\\x94\""},
			// Truncated 3-byte character.
			{"\xE2\x80", "\"\\xE2\\x80\""},
			// Truncated 3-byte character followed by valid 2-byte char.
			{"\xE2\x80\xC3\x84", "\"\\xE2\\x80\\xC3\\x84\""},
			// Truncated 3-byte character followed by a single-byte character.
			{"\xE2\x80\x7A", "\"\\xE2\\x80z\""},
			// 3-byte lead byte followed by valid 3-byte character.
			{"\xE2\xE2\x80\x94", "\"\\xE2\\xE2\\x80\\x94\""},
			// 4-byte lead byte followed by valid 3-byte character.
			{"\xF0\xE2\x80\x94", "\"\\xF0\\xE2\\x80\\x94\""},
			// Truncated 4-byte character.
			{"\xF0\xE2\x80", "\"\\xF0\\xE2\\x80\""},
			// Invalid UTF-8 byte sequences embedded in other chars.
			{"abc\xE2\x80\x94\xC3\x74xyc", "\"abc\\xE2\\x80\\x94\\xC3txyc\""},
			{"abc\xC3\x84\xE2\x80\xC3\x84xyz",
			"\"abc\\xC3\\x84\\xE2\\x80\\xC3\\x84xyz\""},
			// Non-shortest UTF-8 byte sequences are also ill-formed.
			// The classics: xC0, xC1 lead byte.
			{"\xC0\x80", "\"\\xC0\\x80\""},
			{"\xC1\x81", "\"\\xC1\\x81\""},
			// Non-shortest sequences.
			{"\xE0\x80\x80", "\"\\xE0\\x80\\x80\""},
			{"\xf0\x80\x80\x80", "\"\\xF0\\x80\\x80\\x80\""},
			// Last valid code point before surrogate range, should be printed as text,
			// too.
			{"\xED\x9F\xBF", "\"\\xED\\x9F\\xBF\"\n As Text: \"퟿\""},
			// Start of surrogate lead. Surrogates are not printed as text.
			{"\xED\xA0\x80", "\"\\xED\\xA0\\x80\""},
			// Last non-private surrogate lead.
			{"\xED\xAD\xBF", "\"\\xED\\xAD\\xBF\""},
			// First private-use surrogate lead.
			{"\xED\xAE\x80", "\"\\xED\\xAE\\x80\""},
			// Last private-use surrogate lead.
			{"\xED\xAF\xBF", "\"\\xED\\xAF\\xBF\""},
			// Mid-point of surrogate trail.
			{"\xED\xB3\xBF", "\"\\xED\\xB3\\xBF\""},
			// First valid code point after surrogate range, should be printed as text,
			// too.
			{"\xEE\x80\x80", "\"\\xEE\\x80\\x80\"\n As Text: \"\""}
			};

			for (int i = 0; i < int(sizeof(kTestdata)/sizeof(kTestdata[0])); ++i) {
			EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(kTestdata[i][0], kTestdata[i][1]);
			}
			}

			#undef EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_

			TEST(UniversalTersePrintTest, WorksForNonReference) {
			::std::stringstream ss;
			UniversalTersePrint(123, &ss);
			EXPECT_EQ("123", ss.str());
			}

			TEST(UniversalTersePrintTest, WorksForReference) {
			const int& n = 123;
			::std::stringstream ss;
			UniversalTersePrint(n, &ss);
			EXPECT_EQ("123", ss.str());
			}

			TEST(UniversalTersePrintTest, WorksForCString) {
			const char* s1 = "abc";
			::std::stringstream ss1;
			UniversalTersePrint(s1, &ss1);
			EXPECT_EQ("\"abc\"", ss1.str());

			char* s2 = const_cast<char*>(s1);
			::std::stringstream ss2;
			UniversalTersePrint(s2, &ss2);
			EXPECT_EQ("\"abc\"", ss2.str());

			const char* s3 = NULL;
			::std::stringstream ss3;
			UniversalTersePrint(s3, &ss3);
			EXPECT_EQ("NULL", ss3.str());
			}

			TEST(UniversalPrintTest, WorksForNonReference) {
			::std::stringstream ss;
			UniversalPrint(123, &ss);
			EXPECT_EQ("123", ss.str());
			}

			TEST(UniversalPrintTest, WorksForReference) {
			const int& n = 123;
			::std::stringstream ss;
			UniversalPrint(n, &ss);
			EXPECT_EQ("123", ss.str());
			}

			TEST(UniversalPrintTest, WorksForCString) {
			const char* s1 = "abc";
			::std::stringstream ss1;
			UniversalPrint(s1, &ss1);
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s1) + " pointing to \"abc\"", std::string(ss1.str()));

			char* s2 = const_cast<char*>(s1);
			::std::stringstream ss2;
			UniversalPrint(s2, &ss2);
			EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s2) + " pointing to \"abc\"", std::string(ss2.str()));

			const char* s3 = NULL;
			::std::stringstream ss3;
			UniversalPrint(s3, &ss3);
			EXPECT_EQ("NULL", ss3.str());
			}

			TEST(UniversalPrintTest, WorksForCharArray) {
			const char str[] = "\"Line\0 1\"\nLine 2";
			::std::stringstream ss1;
			UniversalPrint(str, &ss1);
			EXPECT_EQ("\"\\\"Line\\0 1\\\"\\nLine 2\"", ss1.str());

			const char mutable_str[] = "\"Line\0 1\"\nLine 2";
			::std::stringstream ss2;
			UniversalPrint(mutable_str, &ss2);
			EXPECT_EQ("\"\\\"Line\\0 1\\\"\\nLine 2\"", ss2.str());
			}

			#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE

			TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithTr1, PrintsEmptyTuple) {
			Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
			::std::tr1::make_tuple());
			EXPECT_EQ(0u, result.size());
			}

			TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithTr1, PrintsOneTuple) {
			Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
			::std::tr1::make_tuple(1));
			ASSERT_EQ(1u, result.size());
			EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
			}

			TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithTr1, PrintsTwoTuple) {
			Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
			::std::tr1::make_tuple(1, 'a'));
			ASSERT_EQ(2u, result.size());
			EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
			EXPECT_EQ("'a' (97, 0x61)", result[1]);
			}

			TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithTr1, PrintsTersely) {
			const int n = 1;
			Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
			::std::tr1::tuple<const int&, const char*>(n, "a"));
			ASSERT_EQ(2u, result.size());
			EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
			EXPECT_EQ("\"a\"", result[1]);
			}

			#endif // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE

			#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_

			TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithStd, PrintsEmptyTuple) {
			Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(::std::make_tuple());
			EXPECT_EQ(0u, result.size());
			}

			TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithStd, PrintsOneTuple) {
			Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
			::std::make_tuple(1));
			ASSERT_EQ(1u, result.size());
			EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
			}

			TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithStd, PrintsTwoTuple) {
			Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
			::std::make_tuple(1, 'a'));
			ASSERT_EQ(2u, result.size());
			EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
			EXPECT_EQ("'a' (97, 0x61)", result[1]);
			}

			TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithStd, PrintsTersely) {
			const int n = 1;
			Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
			::std::tuple<const int&, const char*>(n, "a"));
			ASSERT_EQ(2u, result.size());
			EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
			EXPECT_EQ("\"a\"", result[1]);
			}

			#endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_

			#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL

			TEST(PrintOptionalTest, Basic) {
			absl::optional<int> value;
			EXPECT_EQ("(nullopt)", PrintToString(value));
			value = {7};
			EXPECT_EQ("(7)", PrintToString(value));
			EXPECT_EQ("(1.1)", PrintToString(absl::optional<double>{1.1}));
			EXPECT_EQ("(\"A\")", PrintToString(absl::optional<std::string>{"A"}));
			}
			#endif // GTEST_HAS_ABSL

			} // namespace gtest_printers_test
			} // namespace testing

R9484/googletest/test/gtest-printers_test.cca3c2e107aeb7master

gtest-printers_test.ccView Options

R9484/googletest/test/gtest-printers_test.cc
a3c2e107aeb7master

gtest-printers_test.cc
View Options