gtest.cc
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gtest.cc
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	// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
	// All rights reserved.
	//
	// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
	// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
	// met:
	//
	// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
	// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
	// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
	// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
	// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
	// distribution.
	// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
	// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
	// this software without specific prior written permission.
	//
	// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
	// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
	// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
	// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
	// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
	// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
	// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
	// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
	// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
	// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
	// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
	//
	// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
	//
	// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)

	#include <gtest/gtest.h>
	#include <gtest/gtest-spi.h>

	#include <ctype.h>
	#include <math.h>
	#include <stdarg.h>
	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include <wchar.h>
	#include <wctype.h>

	#include <algorithm>
	#include <ostream>
	#include <sstream>
	#include <vector>

	#if GTEST_OS_LINUX

	// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
	// gettimeofday().
	#define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1

	#include <fcntl.h>
	#include <limits.h>
	#include <sched.h>
	// Declares vsnprintf(). This header is not available on Windows.
	#include <strings.h>
	#include <sys/mman.h>
	#include <sys/time.h>
	#include <unistd.h>
	#include <string>
	#include <vector>

	#elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
	#define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
	#include <sys/time.h> // NOLINT

	#elif GTEST_OS_ZOS
	#define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
	#include <sys/time.h> // NOLINT

	// On z/OS we additionally need strings.h for strcasecmp.
	#include <strings.h> // NOLINT

	#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE // We are on Windows CE.

	#include <windows.h> // NOLINT

	#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS // We are on Windows proper.

	#include <io.h> // NOLINT
	#include <sys/timeb.h> // NOLINT
	#include <sys/types.h> // NOLINT
	#include <sys/stat.h> // NOLINT

	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
	// MinGW has gettimeofday() but not _ftime64().
	// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
	// gettimeofday().
	// TODO(kenton@google.com): There are other ways to get the time on
	// Windows, like GetTickCount() or GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(). MinGW
	// supports these. consider using them instead.
	#define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
	#include <sys/time.h> // NOLINT
	#endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW

	// cpplint thinks that the header is already included, so we want to
	// silence it.
	#include <windows.h> // NOLINT

	#else

	// Assume other platforms have gettimeofday().
	// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
	// gettimeofday().
	#define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1

	// cpplint thinks that the header is already included, so we want to
	// silence it.
	#include <sys/time.h> // NOLINT
	#include <unistd.h> // NOLINT

	#endif // GTEST_OS_LINUX

	#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
	#include <stdexcept>
	#endif

	// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
	// implementation. It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
	// included, or there will be a compiler error. This trick is to
	// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
	// his code.
	#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
	#include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
	#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_

	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
	#define vsnprintf _vsnprintf
	#endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

	namespace testing {

	using internal::CountIf;
	using internal::ForEach;
	using internal::GetElementOr;
	using internal::Shuffle;

	// Constants.

	// A test whose test case name or test name matches this filter is
	// disabled and not run.
	static const char kDisableTestFilter[] = "DISABLED_:/DISABLED_*";

	// A test case whose name matches this filter is considered a death
	// test case and will be run before test cases whose name doesn't
	// match this filter.
	static const char kDeathTestCaseFilter[] = "DeathTest:DeathTest/*";

	// A test filter that matches everything.
	static const char kUniversalFilter[] = "*";

	// The default output file for XML output.
	static const char kDefaultOutputFile[] = "test_detail.xml";

	// The environment variable name for the test shard index.
	static const char kTestShardIndex[] = "GTEST_SHARD_INDEX";
	// The environment variable name for the total number of test shards.
	static const char kTestTotalShards[] = "GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS";
	// The environment variable name for the test shard status file.
	static const char kTestShardStatusFile[] = "GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE";

	namespace internal {

	// The text used in failure messages to indicate the start of the
	// stack trace.
	const char kStackTraceMarker[] = "\nStack trace:\n";

	// g_help_flag is true iff the --help flag or an equivalent form is
	// specified on the command line.
	bool g_help_flag = false;

	} // namespace internal

	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	also_run_disabled_tests,
	internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("also_run_disabled_tests", false),
	"Run disabled tests too, in addition to the tests normally being run.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	break_on_failure,
	internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("break_on_failure", false),
	"True iff a failed assertion should be a debugger break-point.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	catch_exceptions,
	internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("catch_exceptions", false),
	"True iff " GTEST_NAME_
	" should catch exceptions and treat them as test failures.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
	color,
	internal::StringFromGTestEnv("color", "auto"),
	"Whether to use colors in the output. Valid values: yes, no, "
	"and auto. 'auto' means to use colors if the output is "
	"being sent to a terminal and the TERM environment variable "
	"is set to xterm, xterm-color, xterm-256color, linux or cygwin.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
	filter,
	internal::StringFromGTestEnv("filter", kUniversalFilter),
	"A colon-separated list of glob (not regex) patterns "
	"for filtering the tests to run, optionally followed by a "
	"'-' and a : separated list of negative patterns (tests to "
	"exclude). A test is run if it matches one of the positive "
	"patterns and does not match any of the negative patterns.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(list_tests, false,
	"List all tests without running them.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
	output,
	internal::StringFromGTestEnv("output", ""),
	"A format (currently must be \"xml\"), optionally followed "
	"by a colon and an output file name or directory. A directory "
	"is indicated by a trailing pathname separator. "
	"Examples: \"xml:filename.xml\", \"xml::directoryname/\". "
	"If a directory is specified, output files will be created "
	"within that directory, with file-names based on the test "
	"executable's name and, if necessary, made unique by adding "
	"digits.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	print_time,
	internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("print_time", true),
	"True iff " GTEST_NAME_
	" should display elapsed time in text output.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(
	random_seed,
	internal::Int32FromGTestEnv("random_seed", 0),
	"Random number seed to use when shuffling test orders. Must be in range "
	"[1, 99999], or 0 to use a seed based on the current time.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(
	repeat,
	internal::Int32FromGTestEnv("repeat", 1),
	"How many times to repeat each test. Specify a negative number "
	"for repeating forever. Useful for shaking out flaky tests.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	show_internal_stack_frames, false,
	"True iff " GTEST_NAME_ " should include internal stack frames when "
	"printing test failure stack traces.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	shuffle,
	internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("shuffle", false),
	"True iff " GTEST_NAME_
	" should randomize tests' order on every run.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(
	stack_trace_depth,
	internal::Int32FromGTestEnv("stack_trace_depth", kMaxStackTraceDepth),
	"The maximum number of stack frames to print when an "
	"assertion fails. The valid range is 0 through 100, inclusive.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	throw_on_failure,
	internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("throw_on_failure", false),
	"When this flag is specified, a failed assertion will throw an exception "
	"if exceptions are enabled or exit the program with a non-zero code "
	"otherwise.");

	namespace internal {

	// Generates a random number from [0, range), using a Linear
	// Congruential Generator (LCG). Crashes if 'range' is 0 or greater
	// than kMaxRange.
	UInt32 Random::Generate(UInt32 range) {
	// These constants are the same as are used in glibc's rand(3).
	state_ = (1103515245U*state_ + 12345U) % kMaxRange;

	GTEST_CHECK_(range > 0)
	<< "Cannot generate a number in the range [0, 0).";
	GTEST_CHECK_(range <= kMaxRange)
	<< "Generation of a number in [0, " << range << ") was requested, "
	<< "but this can only generate numbers in [0, " << kMaxRange << ").";

	// Converting via modulus introduces a bit of downward bias, but
	// it's simple, and a linear congruential generator isn't too good
	// to begin with.
	return state_ % range;
	}

	// GTestIsInitialized() returns true iff the user has initialized
	// Google Test. Useful for catching the user mistake of not initializing
	// Google Test before calling RUN_ALL_TESTS().
	//
	// A user must call testing::InitGoogleTest() to initialize Google
	// Test. g_init_gtest_count is set to the number of times
	// InitGoogleTest() has been called. We don't protect this variable
	// under a mutex as it is only accessed in the main thread.
	int g_init_gtest_count = 0;
	static bool GTestIsInitialized() { return g_init_gtest_count != 0; }

	// Iterates over a vector of TestCases, keeping a running sum of the
	// results of calling a given int-returning method on each.
	// Returns the sum.
	static int SumOverTestCaseList(const std::vector<TestCase*>& case_list,
	int (TestCase::*method)() const) {
	int sum = 0;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < case_list.size(); i++) {
	sum += (case_list[i]->*method)();
	}
	return sum;
	}

	// Returns true iff the test case passed.
	static bool TestCasePassed(const TestCase* test_case) {
	return test_case->should_run() && test_case->Passed();
	}

	// Returns true iff the test case failed.
	static bool TestCaseFailed(const TestCase* test_case) {
	return test_case->should_run() && test_case->Failed();
	}

	// Returns true iff test_case contains at least one test that should
	// run.
	static bool ShouldRunTestCase(const TestCase* test_case) {
	return test_case->should_run();
	}

	// AssertHelper constructor.
	AssertHelper::AssertHelper(TestPartResult::Type type,
	const char* file,
	int line,
	const char* message)
	: data_(new AssertHelperData(type, file, line, message)) {
	}

	AssertHelper::~AssertHelper() {
	delete data_;
	}

	// Message assignment, for assertion streaming support.
	void AssertHelper::operator=(const Message& message) const {
	UnitTest::GetInstance()->
	AddTestPartResult(data_->type, data_->file, data_->line,
	AppendUserMessage(data_->message, message),
	UnitTest::GetInstance()->impl()
	->CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1)
	// Skips the stack frame for this function itself.
	); // NOLINT
	}

	// Mutex for linked pointers.
	GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_linked_ptr_mutex);

	// Application pathname gotten in InitGoogleTest.
	String g_executable_path;

	// Returns the current application's name, removing directory path if that
	// is present.
	FilePath GetCurrentExecutableName() {
	FilePath result;

	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
	result.Set(FilePath(g_executable_path).RemoveExtension("exe"));
	#else
	result.Set(FilePath(g_executable_path));
	#endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

	return result.RemoveDirectoryName();
	}

	// Functions for processing the gtest_output flag.

	// Returns the output format, or "" for normal printed output.
	String UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat() {
	const char* const gtest_output_flag = GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str();
	if (gtest_output_flag == NULL) return String("");

	const char* const colon = strchr(gtest_output_flag, ':');
	return (colon == NULL) ?
	String(gtest_output_flag) :
	String(gtest_output_flag, colon - gtest_output_flag);
	}

	// Returns the name of the requested output file, or the default if none
	// was explicitly specified.
	String UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile() {
	const char* const gtest_output_flag = GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str();
	if (gtest_output_flag == NULL)
	return String("");

	const char* const colon = strchr(gtest_output_flag, ':');
	if (colon == NULL)
	return String(internal::FilePath::ConcatPaths(
	internal::FilePath(
	UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir()),
	internal::FilePath(kDefaultOutputFile)).ToString() );

	internal::FilePath output_name(colon + 1);
	if (!output_name.IsAbsolutePath())
	// TODO(wan@google.com): on Windows \some\path is not an absolute
	// path (as its meaning depends on the current drive), yet the
	// following logic for turning it into an absolute path is wrong.
	// Fix it.
	output_name = internal::FilePath::ConcatPaths(
	internal::FilePath(UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir()),
	internal::FilePath(colon + 1));

	if (!output_name.IsDirectory())
	return output_name.ToString();

	internal::FilePath result(internal::FilePath::GenerateUniqueFileName(
	output_name, internal::GetCurrentExecutableName(),
	GetOutputFormat().c_str()));
	return result.ToString();
	}

	// Returns true iff the wildcard pattern matches the string. The
	// first ':' or '\0' character in pattern marks the end of it.
	//
	// This recursive algorithm isn't very efficient, but is clear and
	// works well enough for matching test names, which are short.
	bool UnitTestOptions::PatternMatchesString(const char *pattern,
	const char *str) {
	switch (*pattern) {
	case '\0':
	case ':': // Either ':' or '\0' marks the end of the pattern.
	return *str == '\0';
	case '?': // Matches any single character.
	return *str != '\0' && PatternMatchesString(pattern + 1, str + 1);
	case '*': // Matches any string (possibly empty) of characters.
	return (*str != '\0' && PatternMatchesString(pattern, str + 1)) \|\|
	PatternMatchesString(pattern + 1, str);
	default: // Non-special character. Matches itself.
	return pattern == str &&
	PatternMatchesString(pattern + 1, str + 1);
	}
	}

	bool UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(const String& name, const char* filter) {
	const char *cur_pattern = filter;
	for (;;) {
	if (PatternMatchesString(cur_pattern, name.c_str())) {
	return true;
	}

	// Finds the next pattern in the filter.
	cur_pattern = strchr(cur_pattern, ':');

	// Returns if no more pattern can be found.
	if (cur_pattern == NULL) {
	return false;
	}

	// Skips the pattern separater (the ':' character).
	cur_pattern++;
	}
	}

	// TODO(keithray): move String function implementations to gtest-string.cc.

	// Returns true iff the user-specified filter matches the test case
	// name and the test name.
	bool UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest(const String &test_case_name,
	const String &test_name) {
	const String& full_name = String::Format("%s.%s",
	test_case_name.c_str(),
	test_name.c_str());

	// Split --gtest_filter at '-', if there is one, to separate into
	// positive filter and negative filter portions
	const char* const p = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();
	const char* const dash = strchr(p, '-');
	String positive;
	String negative;
	if (dash == NULL) {
	positive = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str(); // Whole string is a positive filter
	negative = String("");
	} else {
	positive = String(p, dash - p); // Everything up to the dash
	negative = String(dash+1); // Everything after the dash
	if (positive.empty()) {
	// Treat '-test1' as the same as '*-test1'
	positive = kUniversalFilter;
	}
	}

	// A filter is a colon-separated list of patterns. It matches a
	// test if any pattern in it matches the test.
	return (MatchesFilter(full_name, positive.c_str()) &&
	!MatchesFilter(full_name, negative.c_str()));
	}

	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
	// Returns EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER if Google Test should handle the
	// given SEH exception, or EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH otherwise.
	// This function is useful as an __except condition.
	int UnitTestOptions::GTestShouldProcessSEH(DWORD exception_code) {
	// Google Test should handle a SEH exception if:
	// 1. the user wants it to, AND
	// 2. this is not a breakpoint exception, AND
	// 3. this is not a C++ exception (VC++ implements them via SEH,
	// apparently).
	//
	// SEH exception code for C++ exceptions.
	// (see http://support.microsoft.com/kb/185294 for more information).
	const DWORD kCxxExceptionCode = 0xe06d7363;

	bool should_handle = true;

	if (!GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions))
	should_handle = false;
	else if (exception_code == EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT)
	should_handle = false;
	else if (exception_code == kCxxExceptionCode)
	should_handle = false;

	return should_handle ? EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER : EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
	}
	#endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

	} // namespace internal

	// The c'tor sets this object as the test part result reporter used by
	// Google Test. The 'result' parameter specifies where to report the
	// results. Intercepts only failures from the current thread.
	ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter(
	TestPartResultArray* result)
	: intercept_mode_(INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD),
	result_(result) {
	Init();
	}

	// The c'tor sets this object as the test part result reporter used by
	// Google Test. The 'result' parameter specifies where to report the
	// results.
	ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter(
	InterceptMode intercept_mode, TestPartResultArray* result)
	: intercept_mode_(intercept_mode),
	result_(result) {
	Init();
	}

	void ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::Init() {
	internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
	if (intercept_mode_ == INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS) {
	old_reporter_ = impl->GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter();
	impl->SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(this);
	} else {
	old_reporter_ = impl->GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread();
	impl->SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(this);
	}
	}

	// The d'tor restores the test part result reporter used by Google Test
	// before.
	ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::~ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter() {
	internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
	if (intercept_mode_ == INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS) {
	impl->SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(old_reporter_);
	} else {
	impl->SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(old_reporter_);
	}
	}

	// Increments the test part result count and remembers the result.
	// This method is from the TestPartResultReporterInterface interface.
	void ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::ReportTestPartResult(
	const TestPartResult& result) {
	result_->Append(result);
	}

	namespace internal {

	// Returns the type ID of ::testing::Test. We should always call this
	// instead of GetTypeId< ::testing::Test>() to get the type ID of
	// testing::Test. This is to work around a suspected linker bug when
	// using Google Test as a framework on Mac OS X. The bug causes
	// GetTypeId< ::testing::Test>() to return different values depending
	// on whether the call is from the Google Test framework itself or
	// from user test code. GetTestTypeId() is guaranteed to always
	// return the same value, as it always calls GetTypeId<>() from the
	// gtest.cc, which is within the Google Test framework.
	TypeId GetTestTypeId() {
	return GetTypeId<Test>();
	}

	// The value of GetTestTypeId() as seen from within the Google Test
	// library. This is solely for testing GetTestTypeId().
	extern const TypeId kTestTypeIdInGoogleTest = GetTestTypeId();

	// This predicate-formatter checks that 'results' contains a test part
	// failure of the given type and that the failure message contains the
	// given substring.
	AssertionResult HasOneFailure(const char* /* results_expr */,
	const char* /* type_expr */,
	const char* /* substr_expr */,
	const TestPartResultArray& results,
	TestPartResult::Type type,
	const char* substr) {
	const String expected(type == TestPartResult::kFatalFailure ?
	"1 fatal failure" :
	"1 non-fatal failure");
	Message msg;
	if (results.size() != 1) {
	msg << "Expected: " << expected << "\n"
	<< " Actual: " << results.size() << " failures";
	for (int i = 0; i < results.size(); i++) {
	msg << "\n" << results.GetTestPartResult(i);
	}
	return AssertionFailure(msg);
	}

	const TestPartResult& r = results.GetTestPartResult(0);
	if (r.type() != type) {
	msg << "Expected: " << expected << "\n"
	<< " Actual:\n"
	<< r;
	return AssertionFailure(msg);
	}

	if (strstr(r.message(), substr) == NULL) {
	msg << "Expected: " << expected << " containing \""
	<< substr << "\"\n"
	<< " Actual:\n"
	<< r;
	return AssertionFailure(msg);
	}

	return AssertionSuccess();
	}

	// The constructor of SingleFailureChecker remembers where to look up
	// test part results, what type of failure we expect, and what
	// substring the failure message should contain.
	SingleFailureChecker:: SingleFailureChecker(
	const TestPartResultArray* results,
	TestPartResult::Type type,
	const char* substr)
	: results_(results),
	type_(type),
	substr_(substr) {}

	// The destructor of SingleFailureChecker verifies that the given
	// TestPartResultArray contains exactly one failure that has the given
	// type and contains the given substring. If that's not the case, a
	// non-fatal failure will be generated.
	SingleFailureChecker::~SingleFailureChecker() {
	EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(HasOneFailure, *results_, type_, substr_.c_str());
	}

	DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter::DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter(
	UnitTestImpl* unit_test) : unit_test_(unit_test) {}

	void DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter::ReportTestPartResult(
	const TestPartResult& result) {
	unit_test_->current_test_result()->AddTestPartResult(result);
	unit_test_->listeners()->repeater()->OnTestPartResult(result);
	}

	DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter::DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter(
	UnitTestImpl* unit_test) : unit_test_(unit_test) {}

	void DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter::ReportTestPartResult(
	const TestPartResult& result) {
	unit_test_->GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter()->ReportTestPartResult(result);
	}

	// Returns the global test part result reporter.
	TestPartResultReporterInterface*
	UnitTestImpl::GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter() {
	internal::MutexLock lock(&global_test_part_result_reporter_mutex_);
	return global_test_part_result_repoter_;
	}

	// Sets the global test part result reporter.
	void UnitTestImpl::SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(
	TestPartResultReporterInterface* reporter) {
	internal::MutexLock lock(&global_test_part_result_reporter_mutex_);
	global_test_part_result_repoter_ = reporter;
	}

	// Returns the test part result reporter for the current thread.
	TestPartResultReporterInterface*
	UnitTestImpl::GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread() {
	return per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_.get();
	}

	// Sets the test part result reporter for the current thread.
	void UnitTestImpl::SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(
	TestPartResultReporterInterface* reporter) {
	per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_.set(reporter);
	}

	// Gets the number of successful test cases.
	int UnitTestImpl::successful_test_case_count() const {
	return CountIf(test_cases_, TestCasePassed);
	}

	// Gets the number of failed test cases.
	int UnitTestImpl::failed_test_case_count() const {
	return CountIf(test_cases_, TestCaseFailed);
	}

	// Gets the number of all test cases.
	int UnitTestImpl::total_test_case_count() const {
	return static_cast<int>(test_cases_.size());
	}

	// Gets the number of all test cases that contain at least one test
	// that should run.
	int UnitTestImpl::test_case_to_run_count() const {
	return CountIf(test_cases_, ShouldRunTestCase);
	}

	// Gets the number of successful tests.
	int UnitTestImpl::successful_test_count() const {
	return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::successful_test_count);
	}

	// Gets the number of failed tests.
	int UnitTestImpl::failed_test_count() const {
	return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::failed_test_count);
	}

	// Gets the number of disabled tests.
	int UnitTestImpl::disabled_test_count() const {
	return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::disabled_test_count);
	}

	// Gets the number of all tests.
	int UnitTestImpl::total_test_count() const {
	return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::total_test_count);
	}

	// Gets the number of tests that should run.
	int UnitTestImpl::test_to_run_count() const {
	return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::test_to_run_count);
	}

	// Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.
	//
	// The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
	// the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag. The skip_count parameter
	// specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
	// count against the number of frames to be included.
	//
	// For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
	// CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1), Foo() will be included in the
	// trace but Bar() and CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
	String UnitTestImpl::CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(int skip_count) {
	(void)skip_count;
	return String("");
	}

	// Returns the current time in milliseconds.
	TimeInMillis GetTimeInMillis() {
	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE \|\| defined(__BORLANDC__)
	// Difference between 1970-01-01 and 1601-01-01 in milliseconds.
	// http://analogous.blogspot.com/2005/04/epoch.html
	const TimeInMillis kJavaEpochToWinFileTimeDelta =
	static_cast<TimeInMillis>(116444736UL) * 100000UL;
	const DWORD kTenthMicrosInMilliSecond = 10000;

	SYSTEMTIME now_systime;
	FILETIME now_filetime;
	ULARGE_INTEGER now_int64;
	// TODO(kenton@google.com): Shouldn't this just use
	// GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()?
	GetSystemTime(&now_systime);
	if (SystemTimeToFileTime(&now_systime, &now_filetime)) {
	now_int64.LowPart = now_filetime.dwLowDateTime;
	now_int64.HighPart = now_filetime.dwHighDateTime;
	now_int64.QuadPart = (now_int64.QuadPart / kTenthMicrosInMilliSecond) -
	kJavaEpochToWinFileTimeDelta;
	return now_int64.QuadPart;
	}
	return 0;
	#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_
	__timeb64 now;
	#ifdef _MSC_VER
	// MSVC 8 deprecates _ftime64(), so we want to suppress warning 4996
	// (deprecated function) there.
	// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use GetTickCount()? Or use
	// SystemTimeToFileTime()
	#pragma warning(push) // Saves the current warning state.
	#pragma warning(disable:4996) // Temporarily disables warning 4996.
	_ftime64(&now);
	#pragma warning(pop) // Restores the warning state.
	#else
	_ftime64(&now);
	#endif // _MSC_VER
	return static_cast<TimeInMillis>(now.time) * 1000 + now.millitm;
	#elif GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_
	struct timeval now;
	gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
	return static_cast<TimeInMillis>(now.tv_sec) * 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000;
	#else
	#error "Don't know how to get the current time on your system."
	#endif
	}

	// Utilities

	// class String

	// Returns the input enclosed in double quotes if it's not NULL;
	// otherwise returns "(null)". For example, "\"Hello\"" is returned
	// for input "Hello".
	//
	// This is useful for printing a C string in the syntax of a literal.
	//
	// Known issue: escape sequences are not handled yet.
	String String::ShowCStringQuoted(const char* c_str) {
	return c_str ? String::Format("\"%s\"", c_str) : String("(null)");
	}

	// Copies at most length characters from str into a newly-allocated
	// piece of memory of size length+1. The memory is allocated with new[].
	// A terminating null byte is written to the memory, and a pointer to it
	// is returned. If str is NULL, NULL is returned.
	static char* CloneString(const char* str, size_t length) {
	if (str == NULL) {
	return NULL;
	} else {
	char* const clone = new char[length + 1];
	posix::StrNCpy(clone, str, length);
	clone[length] = '\0';
	return clone;
	}
	}

	// Clones a 0-terminated C string, allocating memory using new. The
	// caller is responsible for deleting[] the return value. Returns the
	// cloned string, or NULL if the input is NULL.
	const char * String::CloneCString(const char* c_str) {
	return (c_str == NULL) ?
	NULL : CloneString(c_str, strlen(c_str));
	}

	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
	// Creates a UTF-16 wide string from the given ANSI string, allocating
	// memory using new. The caller is responsible for deleting the return
	// value using delete[]. Returns the wide string, or NULL if the
	// input is NULL.
	LPCWSTR String::AnsiToUtf16(const char* ansi) {
	if (!ansi) return NULL;
	const int length = strlen(ansi);
	const int unicode_length =
	MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, ansi, length,
	NULL, 0);
	WCHAR* unicode = new WCHAR[unicode_length + 1];
	MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, ansi, length,
	unicode, unicode_length);
	unicode[unicode_length] = 0;
	return unicode;
	}

	// Creates an ANSI string from the given wide string, allocating
	// memory using new. The caller is responsible for deleting the return
	// value using delete[]. Returns the ANSI string, or NULL if the
	// input is NULL.
	const char* String::Utf16ToAnsi(LPCWSTR utf16_str) {
	if (!utf16_str) return NULL;
	const int ansi_length =
	WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, utf16_str, -1,
	NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
	char* ansi = new char[ansi_length + 1];
	WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, utf16_str, -1,
	ansi, ansi_length, NULL, NULL);
	ansi[ansi_length] = 0;
	return ansi;
	}

	#endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

	// Compares two C strings. Returns true iff they have the same content.
	//
	// Unlike strcmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s). A NULL
	// C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
	// including the empty string.
	bool String::CStringEquals(const char * lhs, const char * rhs) {
	if ( lhs == NULL ) return rhs == NULL;

	if ( rhs == NULL ) return false;

	return strcmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
	}

	#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING \|\| GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING

	// Converts an array of wide chars to a narrow string using the UTF-8
	// encoding, and streams the result to the given Message object.
	static void StreamWideCharsToMessage(const wchar_t* wstr, size_t length,
	Message* msg) {
	// TODO(wan): consider allowing a testing::String object to
	// contain '\0'. This will make it behave more like std::string,
	// and will allow ToUtf8String() to return the correct encoding
	// for '\0' s.t. we can get rid of the conditional here (and in
	// several other places).
	for (size_t i = 0; i != length; ) { // NOLINT
	if (wstr[i] != L'\0') {
	*msg << WideStringToUtf8(wstr + i, static_cast<int>(length - i));
	while (i != length && wstr[i] != L'\0')
	i++;
	} else {
	*msg << '\0';
	i++;
	}
	}
	}

	#endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING \|\| GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING

	} // namespace internal

	#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
	// Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
	// encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
	Message& Message::operator <<(const ::std::wstring& wstr) {
	internal::StreamWideCharsToMessage(wstr.c_str(), wstr.length(), this);
	return *this;
	}
	#endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING

	#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
	// Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
	// encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
	Message& Message::operator <<(const ::wstring& wstr) {
	internal::StreamWideCharsToMessage(wstr.c_str(), wstr.length(), this);
	return *this;
	}
	#endif // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING

	// AssertionResult constructors.
	// Used in EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(assertion_result).
	AssertionResult::AssertionResult(const AssertionResult& other)
	: success_(other.success_),
	message_(other.message_.get() != NULL ?
	new internal::String(*other.message_) :
	static_cast<internal::String*>(NULL)) {
	}

	// Returns the assertion's negation. Used with EXPECT/ASSERT_FALSE.
	AssertionResult AssertionResult::operator!() const {
	AssertionResult negation(!success_);
	if (message_.get() != NULL)
	negation << *message_;
	return negation;
	}

	// Makes a successful assertion result.
	AssertionResult AssertionSuccess() {
	return AssertionResult(true);
	}

	// Makes a failed assertion result.
	AssertionResult AssertionFailure() {
	return AssertionResult(false);
	}

	// Makes a failed assertion result with the given failure message.
	// Deprecated; use AssertionFailure() << message.
	AssertionResult AssertionFailure(const Message& message) {
	return AssertionFailure() << message;
	}

	namespace internal {

	// Constructs and returns the message for an equality assertion
	// (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_STREQ, etc) failure.
	//
	// The first four parameters are the expressions used in the assertion
	// and their values, as strings. For example, for ASSERT_EQ(foo, bar)
	// where foo is 5 and bar is 6, we have:
	//
	// expected_expression: "foo"
	// actual_expression: "bar"
	// expected_value: "5"
	// actual_value: "6"
	//
	// The ignoring_case parameter is true iff the assertion is a
	// _STRCASEEQ. When it's true, the string " (ignoring case)" will
	// be inserted into the message.
	AssertionResult EqFailure(const char* expected_expression,
	const char* actual_expression,
	const String& expected_value,
	const String& actual_value,
	bool ignoring_case) {
	Message msg;
	msg << "Value of: " << actual_expression;
	if (actual_value != actual_expression) {
	msg << "\n Actual: " << actual_value;
	}

	msg << "\nExpected: " << expected_expression;
	if (ignoring_case) {
	msg << " (ignoring case)";
	}
	if (expected_value != expected_expression) {
	msg << "\nWhich is: " << expected_value;
	}

	return AssertionFailure(msg);
	}

	// Constructs a failure message for Boolean assertions such as EXPECT_TRUE.
	String GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(const AssertionResult& assertion_result,
	const char* expression_text,
	const char* actual_predicate_value,
	const char* expected_predicate_value) {
	const char* actual_message = assertion_result.message();
	Message msg;
	msg << "Value of: " << expression_text
	<< "\n Actual: " << actual_predicate_value;
	if (actual_message[0] != '\0')
	msg << " (" << actual_message << ")";
	msg << "\nExpected: " << expected_predicate_value;
	return msg.GetString();
	}

	// Helper function for implementing ASSERT_NEAR.
	AssertionResult DoubleNearPredFormat(const char* expr1,
	const char* expr2,
	const char* abs_error_expr,
	double val1,
	double val2,
	double abs_error) {
	const double diff = fabs(val1 - val2);
	if (diff <= abs_error) return AssertionSuccess();

	// TODO(wan): do not print the value of an expression if it's
	// already a literal.
	Message msg;
	msg << "The difference between " << expr1 << " and " << expr2
	<< " is " << diff << ", which exceeds " << abs_error_expr << ", where\n"
	<< expr1 << " evaluates to " << val1 << ",\n"
	<< expr2 << " evaluates to " << val2 << ", and\n"
	<< abs_error_expr << " evaluates to " << abs_error << ".";
	return AssertionFailure(msg);
	}


	// Helper template for implementing FloatLE() and DoubleLE().
	template <typename RawType>
	AssertionResult FloatingPointLE(const char* expr1,
	const char* expr2,
	RawType val1,
	RawType val2) {
	// Returns success if val1 is less than val2,
	if (val1 < val2) {
	return AssertionSuccess();
	}

	// or if val1 is almost equal to val2.
	const FloatingPoint<RawType> lhs(val1), rhs(val2);
	if (lhs.AlmostEquals(rhs)) {
	return AssertionSuccess();
	}

	// Note that the above two checks will both fail if either val1 or
	// val2 is NaN, as the IEEE floating-point standard requires that
	// any predicate involving a NaN must return false.

	StrStream val1_ss;
	val1_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
	<< val1;

	StrStream val2_ss;
	val2_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
	<< val2;

	Message msg;
	msg << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") <= (" << expr2 << ")\n"
	<< " Actual: " << StrStreamToString(&val1_ss) << " vs "
	<< StrStreamToString(&val2_ss);

	return AssertionFailure(msg);
	}

	} // namespace internal

	// Asserts that val1 is less than, or almost equal to, val2. Fails
	// otherwise. In particular, it fails if either val1 or val2 is NaN.
	AssertionResult FloatLE(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
	float val1, float val2) {
	return internal::FloatingPointLE<float>(expr1, expr2, val1, val2);
	}

	// Asserts that val1 is less than, or almost equal to, val2. Fails
	// otherwise. In particular, it fails if either val1 or val2 is NaN.
	AssertionResult DoubleLE(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
	double val1, double val2) {
	return internal::FloatingPointLE<double>(expr1, expr2, val1, val2);
	}

	namespace internal {

	// The helper function for {ASSERT\|EXPECT}_EQ with int or enum
	// arguments.
	AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char* expected_expression,
	const char* actual_expression,
	BiggestInt expected,
	BiggestInt actual) {
	if (expected == actual) {
	return AssertionSuccess();
	}

	return EqFailure(expected_expression,
	actual_expression,
	FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(expected, actual),
	FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(actual, expected),
	false);
	}

	// A macro for implementing the helper functions needed to implement
	// ASSERT_?? and EXPECT_?? with integer or enum arguments. It is here
	// just to avoid copy-and-paste of similar code.
	#define GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(op_name, op)\
	AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(const char* expr1, const char* expr2, \
	BiggestInt val1, BiggestInt val2) {\
	if (val1 op val2) {\
	return AssertionSuccess();\
	} else {\
	Message msg;\
	msg << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") " #op " (" << expr2\
	<< "), actual: " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val1, val2)\
	<< " vs " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val2, val1);\
	return AssertionFailure(msg);\
	}\
	}

	// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT\|EXPECT}_NE with int or
	// enum arguments.
	GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(NE, !=)
	// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT\|EXPECT}_LE with int or
	// enum arguments.
	GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LE, <=)
	// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT\|EXPECT}_LT with int or
	// enum arguments.
	GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LT, < )
	// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT\|EXPECT}_GE with int or
	// enum arguments.
	GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GE, >=)
	// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT\|EXPECT}_GT with int or
	// enum arguments.
	GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GT, > )

	#undef GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_

	// The helper function for {ASSERT\|EXPECT}_STREQ.
	AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* expected_expression,
	const char* actual_expression,
	const char* expected,
	const char* actual) {
	if (String::CStringEquals(expected, actual)) {
	return AssertionSuccess();
	}

	return EqFailure(expected_expression,
	actual_expression,
	String::ShowCStringQuoted(expected),
	String::ShowCStringQuoted(actual),
	false);
	}

	// The helper function for {ASSERT\|EXPECT}_STRCASEEQ.
	AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ(const char* expected_expression,
	const char* actual_expression,
	const char* expected,
	const char* actual) {
	if (String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(expected, actual)) {
	return AssertionSuccess();
	}

	return EqFailure(expected_expression,
	actual_expression,
	String::ShowCStringQuoted(expected),
	String::ShowCStringQuoted(actual),
	true);
	}

	// The helper function for {ASSERT\|EXPECT}_STRNE.
	AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char* s1_expression,
	const char* s2_expression,
	const char* s1,
	const char* s2) {
	if (!String::CStringEquals(s1, s2)) {
	return AssertionSuccess();
	} else {
	Message msg;
	msg << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
	<< s2_expression << "), actual: \""
	<< s1 << "\" vs \"" << s2 << "\"";
	return AssertionFailure(msg);
	}
	}

	// The helper function for {ASSERT\|EXPECT}_STRCASENE.
	AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASENE(const char* s1_expression,
	const char* s2_expression,
	const char* s1,
	const char* s2) {
	if (!String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(s1, s2)) {
	return AssertionSuccess();
	} else {
	Message msg;
	msg << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
	<< s2_expression << ") (ignoring case), actual: \""
	<< s1 << "\" vs \"" << s2 << "\"";
	return AssertionFailure(msg);
	}
	}

	} // namespace internal

	namespace {

	// Helper functions for implementing IsSubString() and IsNotSubstring().

	// This group of overloaded functions return true iff needle is a
	// substring of haystack. NULL is considered a substring of itself
	// only.

	bool IsSubstringPred(const char* needle, const char* haystack) {
	if (needle == NULL \|\| haystack == NULL)
	return needle == haystack;

	return strstr(haystack, needle) != NULL;
	}

	bool IsSubstringPred(const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack) {
	if (needle == NULL \|\| haystack == NULL)
	return needle == haystack;

	return wcsstr(haystack, needle) != NULL;
	}

	// StringType here can be either ::std::string or ::std::wstring.
	template <typename StringType>
	bool IsSubstringPred(const StringType& needle,
	const StringType& haystack) {
	return haystack.find(needle) != StringType::npos;
	}

	// This function implements either IsSubstring() or IsNotSubstring(),
	// depending on the value of the expected_to_be_substring parameter.
	// StringType here can be const char, const wchar_t, ::std::string,
	// or ::std::wstring.
	template <typename StringType>
	AssertionResult IsSubstringImpl(
	bool expected_to_be_substring,
	const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
	const StringType& needle, const StringType& haystack) {
	if (IsSubstringPred(needle, haystack) == expected_to_be_substring)
	return AssertionSuccess();

	const bool is_wide_string = sizeof(needle[0]) > 1;
	const char* const begin_string_quote = is_wide_string ? "L\"" : "\"";
	return AssertionFailure(
	Message()
	<< "Value of: " << needle_expr << "\n"
	<< " Actual: " << begin_string_quote << needle << "\"\n"
	<< "Expected: " << (expected_to_be_substring ? "" : "not ")
	<< "a substring of " << haystack_expr << "\n"
	<< "Which is: " << begin_string_quote << haystack << "\"");
	}

	} // namespace

	// IsSubstring() and IsNotSubstring() check whether needle is a
	// substring of haystack (NULL is considered a substring of itself
	// only), and return an appropriate error message when they fail.

	AssertionResult IsSubstring(
	const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
	const char* needle, const char* haystack) {
	return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}

	AssertionResult IsSubstring(
	const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
	const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack) {
	return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}

	AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
	const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
	const char* needle, const char* haystack) {
	return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}

	AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
	const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
	const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack) {
	return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}

	AssertionResult IsSubstring(
	const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
	const ::std::string& needle, const ::std::string& haystack) {
	return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}

	AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
	const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
	const ::std::string& needle, const ::std::string& haystack) {
	return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}

	#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
	AssertionResult IsSubstring(
	const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
	const ::std::wstring& needle, const ::std::wstring& haystack) {
	return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}

	AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
	const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
	const ::std::wstring& needle, const ::std::wstring& haystack) {
	return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}
	#endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING

	namespace internal {

	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

	namespace {

	// Helper function for IsHRESULT{SuccessFailure} predicates
	AssertionResult HRESULTFailureHelper(const char* expr,
	const char* expected,
	long hr) { // NOLINT
	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
	// Windows CE doesn't support FormatMessage.
	const char error_text[] = "";
	#else
	// Looks up the human-readable system message for the HRESULT code
	// and since we're not passing any params to FormatMessage, we don't
	// want inserts expanded.
	const DWORD kFlags = FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM \|
	FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS;
	const DWORD kBufSize = 4096; // String::Format can't exceed this length.
	// Gets the system's human readable message string for this HRESULT.
	char error_text[kBufSize] = { '\0' };
	DWORD message_length = ::FormatMessageA(kFlags,
	0, // no source, we're asking system
	hr, // the error
	0, // no line width restrictions
	error_text, // output buffer
	kBufSize, // buf size
	NULL); // no arguments for inserts
	// Trims tailing white space (FormatMessage leaves a trailing cr-lf)
	for (; message_length && isspace(error_text[message_length - 1]);
	--message_length) {
	error_text[message_length - 1] = '\0';
	}
	#endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

	const String error_hex(String::Format("0x%08X ", hr));
	Message msg;
	msg << "Expected: " << expr << " " << expected << ".\n"
	<< " Actual: " << error_hex << error_text << "\n";

	return ::testing::AssertionFailure(msg);
	}

	} // namespace

	AssertionResult IsHRESULTSuccess(const char* expr, long hr) { // NOLINT
	if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
	return AssertionSuccess();
	}
	return HRESULTFailureHelper(expr, "succeeds", hr);
	}

	AssertionResult IsHRESULTFailure(const char* expr, long hr) { // NOLINT
	if (FAILED(hr)) {
	return AssertionSuccess();
	}
	return HRESULTFailureHelper(expr, "fails", hr);
	}

	#endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

	// Utility functions for encoding Unicode text (wide strings) in
	// UTF-8.

	// A Unicode code-point can have upto 21 bits, and is encoded in UTF-8
	// like this:
	//
	// Code-point length Encoding
	// 0 - 7 bits 0xxxxxxx
	// 8 - 11 bits 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
	// 12 - 16 bits 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
	// 17 - 21 bits 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx

	// The maximum code-point a one-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
	const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint1 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) << 7) - 1;

	// The maximum code-point a two-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
	const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint2 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) << (5 + 6)) - 1;

	// The maximum code-point a three-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
	const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint3 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) << (4 + 2*6)) - 1;

	// The maximum code-point a four-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
	const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint4 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) << (3 + 3*6)) - 1;

	// Chops off the n lowest bits from a bit pattern. Returns the n
	// lowest bits. As a side effect, the original bit pattern will be
	// shifted to the right by n bits.
	inline UInt32 ChopLowBits(UInt32* bits, int n) {
	const UInt32 low_bits = *bits & ((static_cast<UInt32>(1) << n) - 1);
	*bits >>= n;
	return low_bits;
	}

	// Converts a Unicode code point to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
	// code_point parameter is of type UInt32 because wchar_t may not be
	// wide enough to contain a code point.
	// The output buffer str must containt at least 32 characters.
	// The function returns the address of the output buffer.
	// If the code_point is not a valid Unicode code point
	// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be output
	// as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'.
	char* CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point, char* str) {
	if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint1) {
	str[1] = '\0';
	str[0] = static_cast<char>(code_point); // 0xxxxxxx
	} else if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint2) {
	str[2] = '\0';
	str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 \| ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6)); // 10xxxxxx
	str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xC0 \| code_point); // 110xxxxx
	} else if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint3) {
	str[3] = '\0';
	str[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 \| ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6)); // 10xxxxxx
	str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 \| ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6)); // 10xxxxxx
	str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xE0 \| code_point); // 1110xxxx
	} else if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint4) {
	str[4] = '\0';
	str[3] = static_cast<char>(0x80 \| ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6)); // 10xxxxxx
	str[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 \| ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6)); // 10xxxxxx
	str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 \| ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6)); // 10xxxxxx
	str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xF0 \| code_point); // 11110xxx
	} else {
	// The longest string String::Format can produce when invoked
	// with these parameters is 28 character long (not including
	// the terminating nul character). We are asking for 32 character
	// buffer just in case. This is also enough for strncpy to
	// null-terminate the destination string.
	posix::StrNCpy(
	str, String::Format("(Invalid Unicode 0x%X)", code_point).c_str(), 32);
	str[31] = '\0'; // Makes sure no change in the format to strncpy leaves
	// the result unterminated.
	}
	return str;
	}

	// The following two functions only make sense if the the system
	// uses UTF-16 for wide string encoding. All supported systems
	// with 16 bit wchar_t (Windows, Cygwin, Symbian OS) do use UTF-16.

	// Determines if the arguments constitute UTF-16 surrogate pair
	// and thus should be combined into a single Unicode code point
	// using CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair.
	inline bool IsUtf16SurrogatePair(wchar_t first, wchar_t second) {
	return sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 &&
	(first & 0xFC00) == 0xD800 && (second & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00;
	}

	// Creates a Unicode code point from UTF16 surrogate pair.
	inline UInt32 CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair(wchar_t first,
	wchar_t second) {
	const UInt32 mask = (1 << 10) - 1;
	return (sizeof(wchar_t) == 2) ?
	(((first & mask) << 10) \| (second & mask)) + 0x10000 :
	// This function should not be called when the condition is
	// false, but we provide a sensible default in case it is.
	static_cast<UInt32>(first);
	}

	// Converts a wide string to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
	// The wide string is assumed to have the following encoding:
	// UTF-16 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 (on Windows, Cygwin, Symbian OS)
	// UTF-32 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 4 (on Linux)
	// Parameter str points to a null-terminated wide string.
	// Parameter num_chars may additionally limit the number
	// of wchar_t characters processed. -1 is used when the entire string
	// should be processed.
	// If the string contains code points that are not valid Unicode code points
	// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) they will be output
	// as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'. If the string is in UTF16 encoding
	// and contains invalid UTF-16 surrogate pairs, values in those pairs
	// will be encoded as individual Unicode characters from Basic Normal Plane.
	String WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t* str, int num_chars) {
	if (num_chars == -1)
	num_chars = static_cast<int>(wcslen(str));

	StrStream stream;
	for (int i = 0; i < num_chars; ++i) {
	UInt32 unicode_code_point;

	if (str[i] == L'\0') {
	break;
	} else if (i + 1 < num_chars && IsUtf16SurrogatePair(str[i], str[i + 1])) {
	unicode_code_point = CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair(str[i],
	str[i + 1]);
	i++;
	} else {
	unicode_code_point = static_cast<UInt32>(str[i]);
	}

	char buffer[32]; // CodePointToUtf8 requires a buffer this big.
	stream << CodePointToUtf8(unicode_code_point, buffer);
	}
	return StrStreamToString(&stream);
	}

	// Converts a wide C string to a String using the UTF-8 encoding.
	// NULL will be converted to "(null)".
	String String::ShowWideCString(const wchar_t * wide_c_str) {
	if (wide_c_str == NULL) return String("(null)");

	return String(internal::WideStringToUtf8(wide_c_str, -1).c_str());
	}

	// Similar to ShowWideCString(), except that this function encloses
	// the converted string in double quotes.
	String String::ShowWideCStringQuoted(const wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
	if (wide_c_str == NULL) return String("(null)");

	return String::Format("L\"%s\"",
	String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str).c_str());
	}

	// Compares two wide C strings. Returns true iff they have the same
	// content.
	//
	// Unlike wcscmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s). A NULL
	// C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
	// including the empty string.
	bool String::WideCStringEquals(const wchar_t * lhs, const wchar_t * rhs) {
	if (lhs == NULL) return rhs == NULL;

	if (rhs == NULL) return false;

	return wcscmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
	}

	// Helper function for *_STREQ on wide strings.
	AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* expected_expression,
	const char* actual_expression,
	const wchar_t* expected,
	const wchar_t* actual) {
	if (String::WideCStringEquals(expected, actual)) {
	return AssertionSuccess();
	}

	return EqFailure(expected_expression,
	actual_expression,
	String::ShowWideCStringQuoted(expected),
	String::ShowWideCStringQuoted(actual),
	false);
	}

	// Helper function for *_STRNE on wide strings.
	AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char* s1_expression,
	const char* s2_expression,
	const wchar_t* s1,
	const wchar_t* s2) {
	if (!String::WideCStringEquals(s1, s2)) {
	return AssertionSuccess();
	}

	Message msg;
	msg << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
	<< s2_expression << "), actual: "
	<< String::ShowWideCStringQuoted(s1)
	<< " vs " << String::ShowWideCStringQuoted(s2);
	return AssertionFailure(msg);
	}

	// Compares two C strings, ignoring case. Returns true iff they have
	// the same content.
	//
	// Unlike strcasecmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s). A
	// NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
	// including the empty string.
	bool String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(const char * lhs, const char * rhs) {
	if (lhs == NULL)
	return rhs == NULL;
	if (rhs == NULL)
	return false;
	return posix::StrCaseCmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
	}

	// Compares two wide C strings, ignoring case. Returns true iff they
	// have the same content.
	//
	// Unlike wcscasecmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).
	// A NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL wide C string,
	// including the empty string.
	// NB: The implementations on different platforms slightly differ.
	// On windows, this method uses _wcsicmp which compares according to LC_CTYPE
	// environment variable. On GNU platform this method uses wcscasecmp
	// which compares according to LC_CTYPE category of the current locale.
	// On MacOS X, it uses towlower, which also uses LC_CTYPE category of the
	// current locale.
	bool String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(const wchar_t* lhs,
	const wchar_t* rhs) {
	if ( lhs == NULL ) return rhs == NULL;

	if ( rhs == NULL ) return false;

	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
	return _wcsicmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
	#elif GTEST_OS_LINUX
	return wcscasecmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
	#else
	// Mac OS X and Cygwin don't define wcscasecmp. Other unknown OSes
	// may not define it either.
	wint_t left, right;
	do {
	left = towlower(*lhs++);
	right = towlower(*rhs++);
	} while (left && left == right);
	return left == right;
	#endif // OS selector
	}

	// Compares this with another String.
	// Returns < 0 if this is less than rhs, 0 if this is equal to rhs, or > 0
	// if this is greater than rhs.
	int String::Compare(const String & rhs) const {
	const char* const lhs_c_str = c_str();
	const char* const rhs_c_str = rhs.c_str();

	if (lhs_c_str == NULL) {
	return rhs_c_str == NULL ? 0 : -1; // NULL < anything except NULL
	} else if (rhs_c_str == NULL) {
	return 1;
	}

	const size_t shorter_str_len =
	length() <= rhs.length() ? length() : rhs.length();
	for (size_t i = 0; i != shorter_str_len; i++) {
	if (lhs_c_str[i] < rhs_c_str[i]) {
	return -1;
	} else if (lhs_c_str[i] > rhs_c_str[i]) {
	return 1;
	}
	}
	return (length() < rhs.length()) ? -1 :
	(length() > rhs.length()) ? 1 : 0;
	}

	// Returns true iff this String ends with the given suffix. Any
	// String is considered to end with a NULL or empty suffix.
	bool String::EndsWith(const char* suffix) const {
	if (suffix == NULL \|\| CStringEquals(suffix, "")) return true;

	if (c_str() == NULL) return false;

	const size_t this_len = strlen(c_str());
	const size_t suffix_len = strlen(suffix);
	return (this_len >= suffix_len) &&
	CStringEquals(c_str() + this_len - suffix_len, suffix);
	}

	// Returns true iff this String ends with the given suffix, ignoring case.
	// Any String is considered to end with a NULL or empty suffix.
	bool String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive(const char* suffix) const {
	if (suffix == NULL \|\| CStringEquals(suffix, "")) return true;

	if (c_str() == NULL) return false;

	const size_t this_len = strlen(c_str());
	const size_t suffix_len = strlen(suffix);
	return (this_len >= suffix_len) &&
	CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(c_str() + this_len - suffix_len, suffix);
	}

	// Formats a list of arguments to a String, using the same format
	// spec string as for printf.
	//
	// We do not use the StringPrintf class as it is not universally
	// available.
	//
	// The result is limited to 4096 characters (including the tailing 0).
	// If 4096 characters are not enough to format the input, or if
	// there's an error, "<formatting error or buffer exceeded>" is
	// returned.
	String String::Format(const char * format, ...) {
	va_list args;
	va_start(args, format);

	char buffer[4096];
	const int kBufferSize = sizeof(buffer)/sizeof(buffer[0]);

	// MSVC 8 deprecates vsnprintf(), so we want to suppress warning
	// 4996 (deprecated function) there.
	#ifdef _MSC_VER // We are using MSVC.
	#pragma warning(push) // Saves the current warning state.
	#pragma warning(disable:4996) // Temporarily disables warning 4996.
	const int size = vsnprintf(buffer, kBufferSize, format, args);
	#pragma warning(pop) // Restores the warning state.
	#else // We are not using MSVC.
	const int size = vsnprintf(buffer, kBufferSize, format, args);
	#endif // _MSC_VER
	va_end(args);

	// vsnprintf()'s behavior is not portable. When the buffer is not
	// big enough, it returns a negative value in MSVC, and returns the
	// needed buffer size on Linux. When there is an output error, it
	// always returns a negative value. For simplicity, we lump the two
	// error cases together.
	if (size < 0 \|\| size >= kBufferSize) {
	return String("<formatting error or buffer exceeded>");
	} else {
	return String(buffer, size);
	}
	}

	// Converts the buffer in a StrStream to a String, converting NUL
	// bytes to "\\0" along the way.
	String StrStreamToString(StrStream* ss) {
	const ::std::string& str = ss->str();
	const char* const start = str.c_str();
	const char* const end = start + str.length();

	// We need to use a helper StrStream to do this transformation
	// because String doesn't support push_back().
	StrStream helper;
	for (const char* ch = start; ch != end; ++ch) {
	if (*ch == '\0') {
	helper << "\\0"; // Replaces NUL with "\\0";
	} else {
	helper.put(*ch);
	}
	}

	return String(helper.str().c_str());
	}

	// Appends the user-supplied message to the Google-Test-generated message.
	String AppendUserMessage(const String& gtest_msg,
	const Message& user_msg) {
	// Appends the user message if it's non-empty.
	const String user_msg_string = user_msg.GetString();
	if (user_msg_string.empty()) {
	return gtest_msg;
	}

	Message msg;
	msg << gtest_msg << "\n" << user_msg_string;

	return msg.GetString();
	}

	} // namespace internal

	// class TestResult

	// Creates an empty TestResult.
	TestResult::TestResult()
	: death_test_count_(0),
	elapsed_time_(0) {
	}

	// D'tor.
	TestResult::~TestResult() {
	}

	// Returns the i-th test part result among all the results. i can
	// range from 0 to total_part_count() - 1. If i is not in that range,
	// aborts the program.
	const TestPartResult& TestResult::GetTestPartResult(int i) const {
	if (i < 0 \|\| i >= total_part_count())
	internal::posix::Abort();
	return test_part_results_.at(i);
	}

	// Returns the i-th test property. i can range from 0 to
	// test_property_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, aborts the
	// program.
	const TestProperty& TestResult::GetTestProperty(int i) const {
	if (i < 0 \|\| i >= test_property_count())
	internal::posix::Abort();
	return test_properties_.at(i);
	}

	// Clears the test part results.
	void TestResult::ClearTestPartResults() {
	test_part_results_.clear();
	}

	// Adds a test part result to the list.
	void TestResult::AddTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
	test_part_results_.push_back(test_part_result);
	}

	// Adds a test property to the list. If a property with the same key as the
	// supplied property is already represented, the value of this test_property
	// replaces the old value for that key.
	void TestResult::RecordProperty(const TestProperty& test_property) {
	if (!ValidateTestProperty(test_property)) {
	return;
	}
	internal::MutexLock lock(&test_properites_mutex_);
	const std::vector<TestProperty>::iterator property_with_matching_key =
	std::find_if(test_properties_.begin(), test_properties_.end(),
	internal::TestPropertyKeyIs(test_property.key()));
	if (property_with_matching_key == test_properties_.end()) {
	test_properties_.push_back(test_property);
	return;
	}
	property_with_matching_key->SetValue(test_property.value());
	}

	// Adds a failure if the key is a reserved attribute of Google Test
	// testcase tags. Returns true if the property is valid.
	bool TestResult::ValidateTestProperty(const TestProperty& test_property) {
	internal::String key(test_property.key());
	if (key == "name" \|\| key == "status" \|\| key == "time" \|\| key == "classname") {
	ADD_FAILURE()
	<< "Reserved key used in RecordProperty(): "
	<< key
	<< " ('name', 'status', 'time', and 'classname' are reserved by "
	<< GTEST_NAME_ << ")";
	return false;
	}
	return true;
	}

	// Clears the object.
	void TestResult::Clear() {
	test_part_results_.clear();
	test_properties_.clear();
	death_test_count_ = 0;
	elapsed_time_ = 0;
	}

	// Returns true iff the test failed.
	bool TestResult::Failed() const {
	for (int i = 0; i < total_part_count(); ++i) {
	if (GetTestPartResult(i).failed())
	return true;
	}
	return false;
	}

	// Returns true iff the test part fatally failed.
	static bool TestPartFatallyFailed(const TestPartResult& result) {
	return result.fatally_failed();
	}

	// Returns true iff the test fatally failed.
	bool TestResult::HasFatalFailure() const {
	return CountIf(test_part_results_, TestPartFatallyFailed) > 0;
	}

	// Returns true iff the test part non-fatally failed.
	static bool TestPartNonfatallyFailed(const TestPartResult& result) {
	return result.nonfatally_failed();
	}

	// Returns true iff the test has a non-fatal failure.
	bool TestResult::HasNonfatalFailure() const {
	return CountIf(test_part_results_, TestPartNonfatallyFailed) > 0;
	}

	// Gets the number of all test parts. This is the sum of the number
	// of successful test parts and the number of failed test parts.
	int TestResult::total_part_count() const {
	return static_cast<int>(test_part_results_.size());
	}

	// Returns the number of the test properties.
	int TestResult::test_property_count() const {
	return static_cast<int>(test_properties_.size());
	}

	// class Test

	// Creates a Test object.

	// The c'tor saves the values of all Google Test flags.
	Test::Test()
	: gtest_flag_saver_(new internal::GTestFlagSaver) {
	}

	// The d'tor restores the values of all Google Test flags.
	Test::~Test() {
	delete gtest_flag_saver_;
	}

	// Sets up the test fixture.
	//
	// A sub-class may override this.
	void Test::SetUp() {
	}

	// Tears down the test fixture.
	//
	// A sub-class may override this.
	void Test::TearDown() {
	}

	// Allows user supplied key value pairs to be recorded for later output.
	void Test::RecordProperty(const char* key, const char* value) {
	UnitTest::GetInstance()->RecordPropertyForCurrentTest(key, value);
	}

	// Allows user supplied key value pairs to be recorded for later output.
	void Test::RecordProperty(const char* key, int value) {
	Message value_message;
	value_message << value;
	RecordProperty(key, value_message.GetString().c_str());
	}

	namespace internal {

	void ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
	const String& message) {
	// This function is a friend of UnitTest and as such has access to
	// AddTestPartResult.
	UnitTest::GetInstance()->AddTestPartResult(
	result_type,
	NULL, // No info about the source file where the exception occurred.
	-1, // We have no info on which line caused the exception.
	message,
	String()); // No stack trace, either.
	}

	} // namespace internal

	// Google Test requires all tests in the same test case to use the same test
	// fixture class. This function checks if the current test has the
	// same fixture class as the first test in the current test case. If
	// yes, it returns true; otherwise it generates a Google Test failure and
	// returns false.
	bool Test::HasSameFixtureClass() {
	internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
	const TestCase* const test_case = impl->current_test_case();

	// Info about the first test in the current test case.
	const TestInfo* const first_test_info = test_case->test_info_list()[0];
	const internal::TypeId first_fixture_id = first_test_info->fixture_class_id_;
	const char* const first_test_name = first_test_info->name();

	// Info about the current test.
	const TestInfo* const this_test_info = impl->current_test_info();
	const internal::TypeId this_fixture_id = this_test_info->fixture_class_id_;
	const char* const this_test_name = this_test_info->name();

	if (this_fixture_id != first_fixture_id) {
	// Is the first test defined using TEST?
	const bool first_is_TEST = first_fixture_id == internal::GetTestTypeId();
	// Is this test defined using TEST?
	const bool this_is_TEST = this_fixture_id == internal::GetTestTypeId();

	if (first_is_TEST \|\| this_is_TEST) {
	// The user mixed TEST and TEST_F in this test case - we'll tell
	// him/her how to fix it.

	// Gets the name of the TEST and the name of the TEST_F. Note
	// that first_is_TEST and this_is_TEST cannot both be true, as
	// the fixture IDs are different for the two tests.
	const char* const TEST_name =
	first_is_TEST ? first_test_name : this_test_name;
	const char* const TEST_F_name =
	first_is_TEST ? this_test_name : first_test_name;

	ADD_FAILURE()
	<< "All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture\n"
	<< "class, so mixing TEST_F and TEST in the same test case is\n"
	<< "illegal. In test case " << this_test_info->test_case_name()
	<< ",\n"
	<< "test " << TEST_F_name << " is defined using TEST_F but\n"
	<< "test " << TEST_name << " is defined using TEST. You probably\n"
	<< "want to change the TEST to TEST_F or move it to another test\n"
	<< "case.";
	} else {
	// The user defined two fixture classes with the same name in
	// two namespaces - we'll tell him/her how to fix it.
	ADD_FAILURE()
	<< "All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture\n"
	<< "class. However, in test case "
	<< this_test_info->test_case_name() << ",\n"
	<< "you defined test " << first_test_name
	<< " and test " << this_test_name << "\n"
	<< "using two different test fixture classes. This can happen if\n"
	<< "the two classes are from different namespaces or translation\n"
	<< "units and have the same name. You should probably rename one\n"
	<< "of the classes to put the tests into different test cases.";
	}
	return false;
	}

	return true;
	}

	#if GTEST_HAS_SEH

	// Adds an "exception thrown" fatal failure to the current test. This
	// function returns its result via an output parameter pointer because VC++
	// prohibits creation of objects with destructors on stack in functions
	// using __try (see error C2712).
	static internal::String* FormatSehExceptionMessage(DWORD exception_code,
	const char* location) {
	Message message;
	message << "SEH exception with code 0x" << std::setbase(16) <<
	exception_code << std::setbase(10) << " thrown in " << location << ".";

	return new internal::String(message.GetString());
	}

	#endif // GTEST_HAS_SEH

	#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS

	// Adds an "exception thrown" fatal failure to the current test.
	static internal::String FormatCxxExceptionMessage(const char* description,
	const char* location) {
	Message message;
	if (description != NULL) {
	message << "C++ exception with description \"" << description << "\"";
	} else {
	message << "Unknown C++ exception";
	}
	message << " thrown in " << location << ".";

	return message.GetString();
	}

	static internal::String PrintTestPartResultToString(
	const TestPartResult& test_part_result);

	// A failed Google Test assertion will throw an exception of this type when
	// GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) is true (if exceptions are enabled). We
	// derive it from std::runtime_error, which is for errors presumably
	// detectable only at run time. Since std::runtime_error inherits from
	// std::exception, many testing frameworks know how to extract and print the
	// message inside it.
	class GoogleTestFailureException : public ::std::runtime_error {
	public:
	explicit GoogleTestFailureException(const TestPartResult& failure)
	: ::std::runtime_error(PrintTestPartResultToString(failure).c_str()) {}
	};
	#endif // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS

	// Runs the given method and handles SEH exceptions it throws, when
	// SEH is supported; returns the 0-value for type Result in case of an
	// SEH exception. (Microsoft compilers cannot handle SEH and C++
	// exceptions in the same function. Therefore, we provide a separate
	// wrapper function for handling SEH exceptions.)
	template <class T, typename Result>
	static Result HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
	T* object, Result (T::method)(), const char location) {
	#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
	__try {
	return (object->*method)();
	} __except (internal::UnitTestOptions::GTestShouldProcessSEH( // NOLINT
	GetExceptionCode())) {
	// We create the exception message on the heap because VC++ prohibits
	// creation of objects with destructors on stack in functions using __try
	// (see error C2712).
	internal::String* exception_message = FormatSehExceptionMessage(
	GetExceptionCode(), location);
	internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
	*exception_message);
	delete exception_message;
	return static_cast<Result>(0);
	}
	#else
	(void)location;
	return (object->*method)();
	#endif // GTEST_HAS_SEH
	}

	// Runs the given method and catches and reports C++ and/or SEH-style
	// exceptions, if they are supported; returns the 0-value for type
	// Result in case of an SEH exception.
	template <class T, typename Result>
	static Result HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
	T* object, Result (T::method)(), const char location) {
	#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
	try {
	return HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(object, method, location);
	} catch (const GoogleTestFailureException&) { // NOLINT
	// This exception doesn't originate in code under test. It makes no
	// sense to report it as a test failure.
	throw;
	} catch (const std::exception& e) { // NOLINT
	internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(
	TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
	FormatCxxExceptionMessage(e.what(), location));
	} catch (...) { // NOLINT
	internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(
	TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
	FormatCxxExceptionMessage(NULL, location));
	}
	return static_cast<Result>(0);
	#else
	return HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(object, method, location);
	#endif // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
	}

	// Runs the test and updates the test result.
	void Test::Run() {
	if (!HasSameFixtureClass()) return;

	internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
	impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
	HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(this, &Test::SetUp, "SetUp()");
	// We will run the test only if SetUp() was successful.
	if (!HasFatalFailure()) {
	impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
	HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
	this, &Test::TestBody, "the test body");
	}

	// However, we want to clean up as much as possible. Hence we will
	// always call TearDown(), even if SetUp() or the test body has
	// failed.
	impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
	HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
	this, &Test::TearDown, "TearDown()");
	}

	// Returns true iff the current test has a fatal failure.
	bool Test::HasFatalFailure() {
	return internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->HasFatalFailure();
	}

	// Returns true iff the current test has a non-fatal failure.
	bool Test::HasNonfatalFailure() {
	return internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->
	HasNonfatalFailure();
	}

	// class TestInfo

	// Constructs a TestInfo object. It assumes ownership of the test factory
	// object.
	TestInfo::TestInfo(const char* a_test_case_name,
	const char* a_name,
	const char* a_test_case_comment,
	const char* a_comment,
	internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
	internal::TestFactoryBase* factory)
	: test_case_name_(a_test_case_name),
	name_(a_name),
	test_case_comment_(a_test_case_comment),
	comment_(a_comment),
	fixture_class_id_(fixture_class_id),
	should_run_(false),
	is_disabled_(false),
	matches_filter_(false),
	factory_(factory),
	result_() {}

	// Destructs a TestInfo object.
	TestInfo::~TestInfo() { delete factory_; }

	namespace internal {

	// Creates a new TestInfo object and registers it with Google Test;
	// returns the created object.
	//
	// Arguments:
	//
	// test_case_name: name of the test case
	// name: name of the test
	// test_case_comment: a comment on the test case that will be included in
	// the test output
	// comment: a comment on the test that will be included in the
	// test output
	// fixture_class_id: ID of the test fixture class
	// set_up_tc: pointer to the function that sets up the test case
	// tear_down_tc: pointer to the function that tears down the test case
	// factory: pointer to the factory that creates a test object.
	// The newly created TestInfo instance will assume
	// ownership of the factory object.
	TestInfo* MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
	const char* test_case_name, const char* name,
	const char* test_case_comment, const char* comment,
	TypeId fixture_class_id,
	SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
	TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc,
	TestFactoryBase* factory) {
	TestInfo* const test_info =
	new TestInfo(test_case_name, name, test_case_comment, comment,
	fixture_class_id, factory);
	GetUnitTestImpl()->AddTestInfo(set_up_tc, tear_down_tc, test_info);
	return test_info;
	}

	#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
	void ReportInvalidTestCaseType(const char* test_case_name,
	const char* file, int line) {
	Message errors;
	errors
	<< "Attempted redefinition of test case " << test_case_name << ".\n"
	<< "All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture\n"
	<< "class. However, in test case " << test_case_name << ", you tried\n"
	<< "to define a test using a fixture class different from the one\n"
	<< "used earlier. This can happen if the two fixture classes are\n"
	<< "from different namespaces and have the same name. You should\n"
	<< "probably rename one of the classes to put the tests into different\n"
	<< "test cases.";

	fprintf(stderr, "%s %s", FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str(),
	errors.GetString().c_str());
	}
	#endif // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST

	} // namespace internal

	namespace {

	// A predicate that checks the test name of a TestInfo against a known
	// value.
	//
	// This is used for implementation of the TestCase class only. We put
	// it in the anonymous namespace to prevent polluting the outer
	// namespace.
	//
	// TestNameIs is copyable.
	class TestNameIs {
	public:
	// Constructor.
	//
	// TestNameIs has NO default constructor.
	explicit TestNameIs(const char* name)
	: name_(name) {}

	// Returns true iff the test name of test_info matches name_.
	bool operator()(const TestInfo * test_info) const {
	return test_info && internal::String(test_info->name()).Compare(name_) == 0;
	}

	private:
	internal::String name_;
	};

	} // namespace

	namespace internal {

	// This method expands all parameterized tests registered with macros TEST_P
	// and INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P into regular tests and registers those.
	// This will be done just once during the program runtime.
	void UnitTestImpl::RegisterParameterizedTests() {
	#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
	if (!parameterized_tests_registered_) {
	parameterized_test_registry_.RegisterTests();
	parameterized_tests_registered_ = true;
	}
	#endif
	}

	} // namespace internal

	// Creates the test object, runs it, records its result, and then
	// deletes it.
	void TestInfo::Run() {
	if (!should_run_) return;

	// Tells UnitTest where to store test result.
	internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
	impl->set_current_test_info(this);

	TestEventListener* repeater = UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners().repeater();

	// Notifies the unit test event listeners that a test is about to start.
	repeater->OnTestStart(*this);

	const TimeInMillis start = internal::GetTimeInMillis();

	impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();

	// Creates the test object.
	Test* const test = HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
	factory_, &internal::TestFactoryBase::CreateTest,
	"the test fixture's constructor");

	// Runs the test only if the test object was created and its constructor didn't
	// generate a fatal failure.
	if ((test != NULL) && !Test::HasFatalFailure()) {
	// This doesn't throw as all user code that can throw are wrapped into
	// exception handling code.
	test->Run();
	}

	// Deletes the test object.
	impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
	HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
	test, &Test::DeleteSelf_, "the test fixture's destructor");

	result_.set_elapsed_time(internal::GetTimeInMillis() - start);

	// Notifies the unit test event listener that a test has just finished.
	repeater->OnTestEnd(*this);

	// Tells UnitTest to stop associating assertion results to this
	// test.
	impl->set_current_test_info(NULL);
	}

	// class TestCase

	// Gets the number of successful tests in this test case.
	int TestCase::successful_test_count() const {
	return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestPassed);
	}

	// Gets the number of failed tests in this test case.
	int TestCase::failed_test_count() const {
	return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestFailed);
	}

	int TestCase::disabled_test_count() const {
	return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestDisabled);
	}

	// Get the number of tests in this test case that should run.
	int TestCase::test_to_run_count() const {
	return CountIf(test_info_list_, ShouldRunTest);
	}

	// Gets the number of all tests.
	int TestCase::total_test_count() const {
	return static_cast<int>(test_info_list_.size());
	}

	// Creates a TestCase with the given name.
	//
	// Arguments:
	//
	// name: name of the test case
	// set_up_tc: pointer to the function that sets up the test case
	// tear_down_tc: pointer to the function that tears down the test case
	TestCase::TestCase(const char* a_name, const char* a_comment,
	Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
	Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc)
	: name_(a_name),
	comment_(a_comment),
	set_up_tc_(set_up_tc),
	tear_down_tc_(tear_down_tc),
	should_run_(false),
	elapsed_time_(0) {
	}

	// Destructor of TestCase.
	TestCase::~TestCase() {
	// Deletes every Test in the collection.
	ForEach(test_info_list_, internal::Delete<TestInfo>);
	}

	// Returns the i-th test among all the tests. i can range from 0 to
	// total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
	const TestInfo* TestCase::GetTestInfo(int i) const {
	const int index = GetElementOr(test_indices_, i, -1);
	return index < 0 ? NULL : test_info_list_[index];
	}

	// Returns the i-th test among all the tests. i can range from 0 to
	// total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
	TestInfo* TestCase::GetMutableTestInfo(int i) {
	const int index = GetElementOr(test_indices_, i, -1);
	return index < 0 ? NULL : test_info_list_[index];
	}

	// Adds a test to this test case. Will delete the test upon
	// destruction of the TestCase object.
	void TestCase::AddTestInfo(TestInfo * test_info) {
	test_info_list_.push_back(test_info);
	test_indices_.push_back(static_cast<int>(test_indices_.size()));
	}

	// Runs every test in this TestCase.
	void TestCase::Run() {
	if (!should_run_) return;

	internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
	impl->set_current_test_case(this);

	TestEventListener* repeater = UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners().repeater();

	repeater->OnTestCaseStart(*this);
	impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
	HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
	this, &TestCase::RunSetUpTestCase, "SetUpTestCase()");

	const internal::TimeInMillis start = internal::GetTimeInMillis();
	for (int i = 0; i < total_test_count(); i++) {
	GetMutableTestInfo(i)->Run();
	}
	elapsed_time_ = internal::GetTimeInMillis() - start;

	impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
	HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
	this, &TestCase::RunTearDownTestCase, "TearDownTestCase()");

	repeater->OnTestCaseEnd(*this);
	impl->set_current_test_case(NULL);
	}

	// Clears the results of all tests in this test case.
	void TestCase::ClearResult() {
	ForEach(test_info_list_, TestInfo::ClearTestResult);
	}

	// Shuffles the tests in this test case.
	void TestCase::ShuffleTests(internal::Random* random) {
	Shuffle(random, &test_indices_);
	}

	// Restores the test order to before the first shuffle.
	void TestCase::UnshuffleTests() {
	for (size_t i = 0; i < test_indices_.size(); i++) {
	test_indices_[i] = static_cast<int>(i);
	}
	}

	// Formats a countable noun. Depending on its quantity, either the
	// singular form or the plural form is used. e.g.
	//
	// FormatCountableNoun(1, "formula", "formuli") returns "1 formula".
	// FormatCountableNoun(5, "book", "books") returns "5 books".
	static internal::String FormatCountableNoun(int count,
	const char * singular_form,
	const char * plural_form) {
	return internal::String::Format("%d %s", count,
	count == 1 ? singular_form : plural_form);
	}

	// Formats the count of tests.
	static internal::String FormatTestCount(int test_count) {
	return FormatCountableNoun(test_count, "test", "tests");
	}

	// Formats the count of test cases.
	static internal::String FormatTestCaseCount(int test_case_count) {
	return FormatCountableNoun(test_case_count, "test case", "test cases");
	}

	// Converts a TestPartResult::Type enum to human-friendly string
	// representation. Both kNonFatalFailure and kFatalFailure are translated
	// to "Failure", as the user usually doesn't care about the difference
	// between the two when viewing the test result.
	static const char * TestPartResultTypeToString(TestPartResult::Type type) {
	switch (type) {
	case TestPartResult::kSuccess:
	return "Success";

	case TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure:
	case TestPartResult::kFatalFailure:
	#ifdef _MSC_VER
	return "error: ";
	#else
	return "Failure\n";
	#endif
	default:
	return "Unknown result type";
	}
	}

	// Prints a TestPartResult to a String.
	static internal::String PrintTestPartResultToString(
	const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
	return (Message()
	<< internal::FormatFileLocation(test_part_result.file_name(),
	test_part_result.line_number())
	<< " " << TestPartResultTypeToString(test_part_result.type())
	<< test_part_result.message()).GetString();
	}

	// Prints a TestPartResult.
	static void PrintTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
	const internal::String& result =
	PrintTestPartResultToString(test_part_result);
	printf("%s\n", result.c_str());
	fflush(stdout);
	// If the test program runs in Visual Studio or a debugger, the
	// following statements add the test part result message to the Output
	// window such that the user can double-click on it to jump to the
	// corresponding source code location; otherwise they do nothing.
	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
	// We don't call OutputDebugString*() on Windows Mobile, as printing
	// to stdout is done by OutputDebugString() there already - we don't
	// want the same message printed twice.
	::OutputDebugStringA(result.c_str());
	::OutputDebugStringA("\n");
	#endif
	}

	// class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter

	namespace internal {

	enum GTestColor {
	COLOR_DEFAULT,
	COLOR_RED,
	COLOR_GREEN,
	COLOR_YELLOW
	};

	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

	// Returns the character attribute for the given color.
	WORD GetColorAttribute(GTestColor color) {
	switch (color) {
	case COLOR_RED: return FOREGROUND_RED;
	case COLOR_GREEN: return FOREGROUND_GREEN;
	case COLOR_YELLOW: return FOREGROUND_RED \| FOREGROUND_GREEN;
	default: return 0;
	}
	}

	#else

	// Returns the ANSI color code for the given color. COLOR_DEFAULT is
	// an invalid input.
	const char* GetAnsiColorCode(GTestColor color) {
	switch (color) {
	case COLOR_RED: return "1";
	case COLOR_GREEN: return "2";
	case COLOR_YELLOW: return "3";
	default: return NULL;
	};
	}

	#endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

	// Returns true iff Google Test should use colors in the output.
	bool ShouldUseColor(bool stdout_is_tty) {
	const char* const gtest_color = GTEST_FLAG(color).c_str();

	if (String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "auto")) {
	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
	// On Windows the TERM variable is usually not set, but the
	// console there does support colors.
	return stdout_is_tty;
	#else
	// On non-Windows platforms, we rely on the TERM variable.
	const char* const term = posix::GetEnv("TERM");
	const bool term_supports_color =
	String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm") \|\|
	String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm-color") \|\|
	String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm-256color") \|\|
	String::CStringEquals(term, "screen") \|\|
	String::CStringEquals(term, "linux") \|\|
	String::CStringEquals(term, "cygwin");
	return stdout_is_tty && term_supports_color;
	#endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
	}

	return String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "yes") \|\|
	String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "true") \|\|
	String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "t") \|\|
	String::CStringEquals(gtest_color, "1");
	// We take "yes", "true", "t", and "1" as meaning "yes". If the
	// value is neither one of these nor "auto", we treat it as "no" to
	// be conservative.
	}

	// Helpers for printing colored strings to stdout. Note that on Windows, we
	// cannot simply emit special characters and have the terminal change colors.
	// This routine must actually emit the characters rather than return a string
	// that would be colored when printed, as can be done on Linux.
	void ColoredPrintf(GTestColor color, const char* fmt, ...) {
	va_list args;
	va_start(args, fmt);

	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE \|\| GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN \|\| GTEST_OS_ZOS
	const bool use_color = false;
	#else
	static const bool in_color_mode =
	ShouldUseColor(posix::IsATTY(posix::FileNo(stdout)) != 0);
	const bool use_color = in_color_mode && (color != COLOR_DEFAULT);
	#endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE \|\| GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN \|\| GTEST_OS_ZOS
	// The '!= 0' comparison is necessary to satisfy MSVC 7.1.

	if (!use_color) {
	vprintf(fmt, args);
	va_end(args);
	return;
	}

	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
	const HANDLE stdout_handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);

	// Gets the current text color.
	CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO buffer_info;
	GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(stdout_handle, &buffer_info);
	const WORD old_color_attrs = buffer_info.wAttributes;

	// We need to flush the stream buffers into the console before each
	// SetConsoleTextAttribute call lest it affect the text that is already
	// printed but has not yet reached the console.
	fflush(stdout);
	SetConsoleTextAttribute(stdout_handle,
	GetColorAttribute(color) \| FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
	vprintf(fmt, args);

	fflush(stdout);
	// Restores the text color.
	SetConsoleTextAttribute(stdout_handle, old_color_attrs);
	#else
	printf("\033[0;3%sm", GetAnsiColorCode(color));
	vprintf(fmt, args);
	printf("\033[m"); // Resets the terminal to default.
	#endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
	va_end(args);
	}

	void PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(const TestInfo& test_info) {
	const char* const comment = test_info.comment();
	const char* const test_case_comment = test_info.test_case_comment();

	if (test_case_comment[0] != '\0' \|\| comment[0] != '\0') {
	printf(", where %s", test_case_comment);
	if (test_case_comment[0] != '\0' && comment[0] != '\0') {
	printf(" and ");
	}
	printf("%s", comment);
	}
	}

	// This class implements the TestEventListener interface.
	//
	// Class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter is copyable.
	class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter : public TestEventListener {
	public:
	PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter() {}
	static void PrintTestName(const char * test_case, const char * test) {
	printf("%s.%s", test_case, test);
	}

	// The following methods override what's in the TestEventListener class.
	virtual void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& /unit_test/) {}
	virtual void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration);
	virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(const UnitTest& unit_test);
	virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(const UnitTest& /unit_test/) {}
	virtual void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case);
	virtual void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info);
	virtual void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& result);
	virtual void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info);
	virtual void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case);
	virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(const UnitTest& unit_test);
	virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(const UnitTest& /unit_test/) {}
	virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration);
	virtual void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& /unit_test/) {}

	private:
	static void PrintFailedTests(const UnitTest& unit_test);

	internal::String test_case_name_;
	};

	// Fired before each iteration of tests starts.
	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationStart(
	const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration) {
	if (GTEST_FLAG(repeat) != 1)
	printf("\nRepeating all tests (iteration %d) . . .\n\n", iteration + 1);

	const char* const filter = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();

	// Prints the filter if it's not *. This reminds the user that some
	// tests may be skipped.
	if (!internal::String::CStringEquals(filter, kUniversalFilter)) {
	ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
	"Note: %s filter = %s\n", GTEST_NAME_, filter);
	}

	if (internal::ShouldShard(kTestTotalShards, kTestShardIndex, false)) {
	ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
	"Note: This is test shard %s of %s.\n",
	internal::posix::GetEnv(kTestShardIndex),
	internal::posix::GetEnv(kTestTotalShards));
	}

	if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
	ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
	"Note: Randomizing tests' orders with a seed of %d .\n",
	unit_test.random_seed());
	}

	ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[==========] ");
	printf("Running %s from %s.\n",
	FormatTestCount(unit_test.test_to_run_count()).c_str(),
	FormatTestCaseCount(unit_test.test_case_to_run_count()).c_str());
	fflush(stdout);
	}

	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(
	const UnitTest& /unit_test/) {
	ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
	printf("Global test environment set-up.\n");
	fflush(stdout);
	}

	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case) {
	test_case_name_ = test_case.name();
	const internal::String counts =
	FormatCountableNoun(test_case.test_to_run_count(), "test", "tests");
	ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
	printf("%s from %s", counts.c_str(), test_case_name_.c_str());
	if (test_case.comment()[0] == '\0') {
	printf("\n");
	} else {
	printf(", where %s\n", test_case.comment());
	}
	fflush(stdout);
	}

	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) {
	ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[ RUN ] ");
	PrintTestName(test_case_name_.c_str(), test_info.name());
	printf("\n");
	fflush(stdout);
	}

	// Called after an assertion failure.
	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestPartResult(
	const TestPartResult& result) {
	// If the test part succeeded, we don't need to do anything.
	if (result.type() == TestPartResult::kSuccess)
	return;

	// Print failure message from the assertion (e.g. expected this and got that).
	PrintTestPartResult(result);
	fflush(stdout);
	}

	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) {
	if (test_info.result()->Passed()) {
	ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[ OK ] ");
	} else {
	ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, "[ FAILED ] ");
	}
	PrintTestName(test_case_name_.c_str(), test_info.name());
	if (test_info.result()->Failed())
	PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(test_info);

	if (GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) {
	printf(" (%s ms)\n", internal::StreamableToString(
	test_info.result()->elapsed_time()).c_str());
	} else {
	printf("\n");
	}
	fflush(stdout);
	}

	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case) {
	if (!GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) return;

	test_case_name_ = test_case.name();
	const internal::String counts =
	FormatCountableNoun(test_case.test_to_run_count(), "test", "tests");
	ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
	printf("%s from %s (%s ms total)\n\n",
	counts.c_str(), test_case_name_.c_str(),
	internal::StreamableToString(test_case.elapsed_time()).c_str());
	fflush(stdout);
	}

	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(
	const UnitTest& /unit_test/) {
	ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
	printf("Global test environment tear-down\n");
	fflush(stdout);
	}

	// Internal helper for printing the list of failed tests.
	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintFailedTests(const UnitTest& unit_test) {
	const int failed_test_count = unit_test.failed_test_count();
	if (failed_test_count == 0) {
	return;
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_case_count(); ++i) {
	const TestCase& test_case = *unit_test.GetTestCase(i);
	if (!test_case.should_run() \|\| (test_case.failed_test_count() == 0)) {
	continue;
	}
	for (int j = 0; j < test_case.total_test_count(); ++j) {
	const TestInfo& test_info = *test_case.GetTestInfo(j);
	if (!test_info.should_run() \|\| test_info.result()->Passed()) {
	continue;
	}
	ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, "[ FAILED ] ");
	printf("%s.%s", test_case.name(), test_info.name());
	PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(test_info);
	printf("\n");
	}
	}
	}

	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
	int /iteration/) {
	ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[==========] ");
	printf("%s from %s ran.",
	FormatTestCount(unit_test.test_to_run_count()).c_str(),
	FormatTestCaseCount(unit_test.test_case_to_run_count()).c_str());
	if (GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) {
	printf(" (%s ms total)",
	internal::StreamableToString(unit_test.elapsed_time()).c_str());
	}
	printf("\n");
	ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[ PASSED ] ");
	printf("%s.\n", FormatTestCount(unit_test.successful_test_count()).c_str());

	int num_failures = unit_test.failed_test_count();
	if (!unit_test.Passed()) {
	const int failed_test_count = unit_test.failed_test_count();
	ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, "[ FAILED ] ");
	printf("%s, listed below:\n", FormatTestCount(failed_test_count).c_str());
	PrintFailedTests(unit_test);
	printf("\n%2d FAILED %s\n", num_failures,
	num_failures == 1 ? "TEST" : "TESTS");
	}

	int num_disabled = unit_test.disabled_test_count();
	if (num_disabled && !GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests)) {
	if (!num_failures) {
	printf("\n"); // Add a spacer if no FAILURE banner is displayed.
	}
	ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
	" YOU HAVE %d DISABLED %s\n\n",
	num_disabled,
	num_disabled == 1 ? "TEST" : "TESTS");
	}
	// Ensure that Google Test output is printed before, e.g., heapchecker output.
	fflush(stdout);
	}

	// End PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter

	// class TestEventRepeater
	//
	// This class forwards events to other event listeners.
	class TestEventRepeater : public TestEventListener {
	public:
	TestEventRepeater() : forwarding_enabled_(true) {}
	virtual ~TestEventRepeater();
	void Append(TestEventListener *listener);
	TestEventListener* Release(TestEventListener* listener);

	// Controls whether events will be forwarded to listeners_. Set to false
	// in death test child processes.
	bool forwarding_enabled() const { return forwarding_enabled_; }
	void set_forwarding_enabled(bool enable) { forwarding_enabled_ = enable; }

	virtual void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& unit_test);
	virtual void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration);
	virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(const UnitTest& unit_test);
	virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test);
	virtual void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case);
	virtual void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info);
	virtual void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& result);
	virtual void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info);
	virtual void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case);
	virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(const UnitTest& unit_test);
	virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test);
	virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration);
	virtual void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test);

	private:
	// Controls whether events will be forwarded to listeners_. Set to false
	// in death test child processes.
	bool forwarding_enabled_;
	// The list of listeners that receive events.
	std::vector<TestEventListener*> listeners_;

	GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestEventRepeater);
	};

	TestEventRepeater::~TestEventRepeater() {
	ForEach(listeners_, Delete<TestEventListener>);
	}

	void TestEventRepeater::Append(TestEventListener *listener) {
	listeners_.push_back(listener);
	}

	// TODO(vladl@google.com): Factor the search functionality into Vector::Find.
	TestEventListener* TestEventRepeater::Release(TestEventListener *listener) {
	for (size_t i = 0; i < listeners_.size(); ++i) {
	if (listeners_[i] == listener) {
	listeners_.erase(listeners_.begin() + i);
	return listener;
	}
	}

	return NULL;
	}

	// Since most methods are very similar, use macros to reduce boilerplate.
	// This defines a member that forwards the call to all listeners.
	#define GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(Name, Type) \
	void TestEventRepeater::Name(const Type& parameter) { \
	if (forwarding_enabled_) { \
	for (size_t i = 0; i < listeners_.size(); i++) { \
	listeners_[i]->Name(parameter); \
	} \
	} \
	}
	// This defines a member that forwards the call to all listeners in reverse
	// order.
	#define GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(Name, Type) \
	void TestEventRepeater::Name(const Type& parameter) { \
	if (forwarding_enabled_) { \
	for (int i = static_cast<int>(listeners_.size()) - 1; i >= 0; i--) { \
	listeners_[i]->Name(parameter); \
	} \
	} \
	}

	GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestProgramStart, UnitTest)
	GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart, UnitTest)
	GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestCaseStart, TestCase)
	GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestStart, TestInfo)
	GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestPartResult, TestPartResult)
	GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart, UnitTest)
	GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd, UnitTest)
	GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd, UnitTest)
	GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestEnd, TestInfo)
	GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestCaseEnd, TestCase)
	GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestProgramEnd, UnitTest)

	#undef GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_
	#undef GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_

	void TestEventRepeater::OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& unit_test,
	int iteration) {
	if (forwarding_enabled_) {
	for (size_t i = 0; i < listeners_.size(); i++) {
	listeners_[i]->OnTestIterationStart(unit_test, iteration);
	}
	}
	}

	void TestEventRepeater::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
	int iteration) {
	if (forwarding_enabled_) {
	for (int i = static_cast<int>(listeners_.size()) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
	listeners_[i]->OnTestIterationEnd(unit_test, iteration);
	}
	}
	}

	// End TestEventRepeater

	// This class generates an XML output file.
	class XmlUnitTestResultPrinter : public EmptyTestEventListener {
	public:
	explicit XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(const char* output_file);

	virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration);

	private:
	// Is c a whitespace character that is normalized to a space character
	// when it appears in an XML attribute value?
	static bool IsNormalizableWhitespace(char c) {
	return c == 0x9 \|\| c == 0xA \|\| c == 0xD;
	}

	// May c appear in a well-formed XML document?
	static bool IsValidXmlCharacter(char c) {
	return IsNormalizableWhitespace(c) \|\| c >= 0x20;
	}

	// Returns an XML-escaped copy of the input string str. If
	// is_attribute is true, the text is meant to appear as an attribute
	// value, and normalizable whitespace is preserved by replacing it
	// with character references.
	static String EscapeXml(const char* str, bool is_attribute);

	// Returns the given string with all characters invalid in XML removed.
	static String RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(const char* str);

	// Convenience wrapper around EscapeXml when str is an attribute value.
	static String EscapeXmlAttribute(const char* str) {
	return EscapeXml(str, true);
	}

	// Convenience wrapper around EscapeXml when str is not an attribute value.
	static String EscapeXmlText(const char* str) { return EscapeXml(str, false); }

	// Streams an XML CDATA section, escaping invalid CDATA sequences as needed.
	static void OutputXmlCDataSection(::std::ostream* stream, const char* data);

	// Streams an XML representation of a TestInfo object.
	static void OutputXmlTestInfo(::std::ostream* stream,
	const char* test_case_name,
	const TestInfo& test_info);

	// Prints an XML representation of a TestCase object
	static void PrintXmlTestCase(FILE* out, const TestCase& test_case);

	// Prints an XML summary of unit_test to output stream out.
	static void PrintXmlUnitTest(FILE* out, const UnitTest& unit_test);

	// Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as space
	// delimited XML attributes based on the property key="value" pairs.
	// When the String is not empty, it includes a space at the beginning,
	// to delimit this attribute from prior attributes.
	static String TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(const TestResult& result);

	// The output file.
	const String output_file_;

	GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(XmlUnitTestResultPrinter);
	};

	// Creates a new XmlUnitTestResultPrinter.
	XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(const char* output_file)
	: output_file_(output_file) {
	if (output_file_.c_str() == NULL \|\| output_file_.empty()) {
	fprintf(stderr, "XML output file may not be null\n");
	fflush(stderr);
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	}

	// Called after the unit test ends.
	void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
	int /iteration/) {
	FILE* xmlout = NULL;
	FilePath output_file(output_file_);
	FilePath output_dir(output_file.RemoveFileName());

	if (output_dir.CreateDirectoriesRecursively()) {
	xmlout = posix::FOpen(output_file_.c_str(), "w");
	}
	if (xmlout == NULL) {
	// TODO(wan): report the reason of the failure.
	//
	// We don't do it for now as:
	//
	// 1. There is no urgent need for it.
	// 2. It's a bit involved to make the errno variable thread-safe on
	// all three operating systems (Linux, Windows, and Mac OS).
	// 3. To interpret the meaning of errno in a thread-safe way,
	// we need the strerror_r() function, which is not available on
	// Windows.
	fprintf(stderr,
	"Unable to open file \"%s\"\n",
	output_file_.c_str());
	fflush(stderr);
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	PrintXmlUnitTest(xmlout, unit_test);
	fclose(xmlout);
	}

	// Returns an XML-escaped copy of the input string str. If is_attribute
	// is true, the text is meant to appear as an attribute value, and
	// normalizable whitespace is preserved by replacing it with character
	// references.
	//
	// Invalid XML characters in str, if any, are stripped from the output.
	// It is expected that most, if not all, of the text processed by this
	// module will consist of ordinary English text.
	// If this module is ever modified to produce version 1.1 XML output,
	// most invalid characters can be retained using character references.
	// TODO(wan): It might be nice to have a minimally invasive, human-readable
	// escaping scheme for invalid characters, rather than dropping them.
	String XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::EscapeXml(const char* str, bool is_attribute) {
	Message m;

	if (str != NULL) {
	for (const char* src = str; *src; ++src) {
	switch (*src) {
	case '<':
	m << "<";
	break;
	case '>':
	m << ">";
	break;
	case '&':
	m << "&";
	break;
	case '\'':
	if (is_attribute)
	m << "'";
	else
	m << '\'';
	break;
	case '"':
	if (is_attribute)
	m << """;
	else
	m << '"';
	break;
	default:
	if (IsValidXmlCharacter(*src)) {
	if (is_attribute && IsNormalizableWhitespace(*src))
	m << String::Format("&#x%02X;", unsigned(*src));
	else
	m << *src;
	}
	break;
	}
	}
	}

	return m.GetString();
	}

	// Returns the given string with all characters invalid in XML removed.
	// Currently invalid characters are dropped from the string. An
	// alternative is to replace them with certain characters such as . or ?.
	String XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(const char* str) {
	char* const output = new char[strlen(str) + 1];
	char* appender = output;
	for (char ch = str; ch != '\0'; ch = ++str)
	if (IsValidXmlCharacter(ch))
	*appender++ = ch;
	*appender = '\0';

	String ret_value(output);
	delete[] output;
	return ret_value;
	}

	// The following routines generate an XML representation of a UnitTest
	// object.
	//
	// This is how Google Test concepts map to the DTD:
	//
	// <testsuites name="AllTests"> <-- corresponds to a UnitTest object
	// <testsuite name="testcase-name"> <-- corresponds to a TestCase object
	// <testcase name="test-name"> <-- corresponds to a TestInfo object
	// <failure message="...">...</failure>
	// <failure message="...">...</failure>
	// <failure message="...">...</failure>
	// <-- individual assertion failures
	// </testcase>
	// </testsuite>
	// </testsuites>

	// Formats the given time in milliseconds as seconds.
	std::string FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(TimeInMillis ms) {
	::std::stringstream ss;
	ss << ms/1000.0;
	return ss.str();
	}

	// Streams an XML CDATA section, escaping invalid CDATA sequences as needed.
	void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlCDataSection(::std::ostream* stream,
	const char* data) {
	const char* segment = data;
	*stream << "<![CDATA[";
	for (;;) {
	const char* const next_segment = strstr(segment, "]]>");
	if (next_segment != NULL) {
	stream->write(
	segment, static_cast<std::streamsize>(next_segment - segment));
	*stream << "]]>]]><![CDATA[";
	segment = next_segment + strlen("]]>");
	} else {
	*stream << segment;
	break;
	}
	}
	*stream << "]]>";
	}

	// Prints an XML representation of a TestInfo object.
	// TODO(wan): There is also value in printing properties with the plain printer.
	void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlTestInfo(::std::ostream* stream,
	const char* test_case_name,
	const TestInfo& test_info) {
	const TestResult& result = *test_info.result();
	*stream << " <testcase name=\""
	<< EscapeXmlAttribute(test_info.name()).c_str()
	<< "\" status=\""
	<< (test_info.should_run() ? "run" : "notrun")
	<< "\" time=\""
	<< FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(result.elapsed_time())
	<< "\" classname=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(test_case_name).c_str()
	<< "\"" << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(result).c_str();

	int failures = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < result.total_part_count(); ++i) {
	const TestPartResult& part = result.GetTestPartResult(i);
	if (part.failed()) {
	if (++failures == 1)
	*stream << ">\n";
	*stream << " <failure message=\""
	<< EscapeXmlAttribute(part.summary()).c_str()
	<< "\" type=\"\">";
	const String message = RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(String::Format(
	"%s:%d\n%s",
	part.file_name(), part.line_number(),
	part.message()).c_str());
	OutputXmlCDataSection(stream, message.c_str());
	*stream << "</failure>\n";
	}
	}

	if (failures == 0)
	*stream << " />\n";
	else
	*stream << " </testcase>\n";
	}

	// Prints an XML representation of a TestCase object
	void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlTestCase(FILE* out,
	const TestCase& test_case) {
	fprintf(out,
	" <testsuite name=\"%s\" tests=\"%d\" failures=\"%d\" "
	"disabled=\"%d\" ",
	EscapeXmlAttribute(test_case.name()).c_str(),
	test_case.total_test_count(),
	test_case.failed_test_count(),
	test_case.disabled_test_count());
	fprintf(out,
	"errors=\"0\" time=\"%s\">\n",
	FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(test_case.elapsed_time()).c_str());
	for (int i = 0; i < test_case.total_test_count(); ++i) {
	StrStream stream;
	OutputXmlTestInfo(&stream, test_case.name(), *test_case.GetTestInfo(i));
	fprintf(out, "%s", StrStreamToString(&stream).c_str());
	}
	fprintf(out, " </testsuite>\n");
	}

	// Prints an XML summary of unit_test to output stream out.
	void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlUnitTest(FILE* out,
	const UnitTest& unit_test) {
	fprintf(out, "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n");
	fprintf(out,
	"<testsuites tests=\"%d\" failures=\"%d\" disabled=\"%d\" "
	"errors=\"0\" time=\"%s\" ",
	unit_test.total_test_count(),
	unit_test.failed_test_count(),
	unit_test.disabled_test_count(),
	FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(unit_test.elapsed_time()).c_str());
	if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
	fprintf(out, "random_seed=\"%d\" ", unit_test.random_seed());
	}
	fprintf(out, "name=\"AllTests\">\n");
	for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_case_count(); ++i)
	PrintXmlTestCase(out, *unit_test.GetTestCase(i));
	fprintf(out, "</testsuites>\n");
	}

	// Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as space
	// delimited XML attributes based on the property key="value" pairs.
	String XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(
	const TestResult& result) {
	Message attributes;
	for (int i = 0; i < result.test_property_count(); ++i) {
	const TestProperty& property = result.GetTestProperty(i);
	attributes << " " << property.key() << "="
	<< "\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(property.value()) << "\"";
	}
	return attributes.GetString();
	}

	// End XmlUnitTestResultPrinter

	// Class ScopedTrace

	// Pushes the given source file location and message onto a per-thread
	// trace stack maintained by Google Test.
	// L < UnitTest::mutex_
	ScopedTrace::ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const Message& message) {
	TraceInfo trace;
	trace.file = file;
	trace.line = line;
	trace.message = message.GetString();

	UnitTest::GetInstance()->PushGTestTrace(trace);
	}

	// Pops the info pushed by the c'tor.
	// L < UnitTest::mutex_
	ScopedTrace::~ScopedTrace() {
	UnitTest::GetInstance()->PopGTestTrace();
	}


	// class OsStackTraceGetter

	// Returns the current OS stack trace as a String. Parameters:
	//
	// max_depth - the maximum number of stack frames to be included
	// in the trace.
	// skip_count - the number of top frames to be skipped; doesn't count
	// against max_depth.
	//
	// L < mutex_
	// We use "L < mutex_" to denote that the function may acquire mutex_.
	String OsStackTraceGetter::CurrentStackTrace(int, int) {
	return String("");
	}

	// L < mutex_
	void OsStackTraceGetter::UponLeavingGTest() {
	}

	const char* const
	OsStackTraceGetter::kElidedFramesMarker =
	"... " GTEST_NAME_ " internal frames ...";

	} // namespace internal

	// class TestEventListeners

	TestEventListeners::TestEventListeners()
	: repeater_(new internal::TestEventRepeater()),
	default_result_printer_(NULL),
	default_xml_generator_(NULL) {
	}

	TestEventListeners::~TestEventListeners() { delete repeater_; }

	// Returns the standard listener responsible for the default console
	// output. Can be removed from the listeners list to shut down default
	// console output. Note that removing this object from the listener list
	// with Release transfers its ownership to the user.
	void TestEventListeners::Append(TestEventListener* listener) {
	repeater_->Append(listener);
	}

	// Removes the given event listener from the list and returns it. It then
	// becomes the caller's responsibility to delete the listener. Returns
	// NULL if the listener is not found in the list.
	TestEventListener* TestEventListeners::Release(TestEventListener* listener) {
	if (listener == default_result_printer_)
	default_result_printer_ = NULL;
	else if (listener == default_xml_generator_)
	default_xml_generator_ = NULL;
	return repeater_->Release(listener);
	}

	// Returns repeater that broadcasts the TestEventListener events to all
	// subscribers.
	TestEventListener* TestEventListeners::repeater() { return repeater_; }

	// Sets the default_result_printer attribute to the provided listener.
	// The listener is also added to the listener list and previous
	// default_result_printer is removed from it and deleted. The listener can
	// also be NULL in which case it will not be added to the list. Does
	// nothing if the previous and the current listener objects are the same.
	void TestEventListeners::SetDefaultResultPrinter(TestEventListener* listener) {
	if (default_result_printer_ != listener) {
	// It is an error to pass this method a listener that is already in the
	// list.
	delete Release(default_result_printer_);
	default_result_printer_ = listener;
	if (listener != NULL)
	Append(listener);
	}
	}

	// Sets the default_xml_generator attribute to the provided listener. The
	// listener is also added to the listener list and previous
	// default_xml_generator is removed from it and deleted. The listener can
	// also be NULL in which case it will not be added to the list. Does
	// nothing if the previous and the current listener objects are the same.
	void TestEventListeners::SetDefaultXmlGenerator(TestEventListener* listener) {
	if (default_xml_generator_ != listener) {
	// It is an error to pass this method a listener that is already in the
	// list.
	delete Release(default_xml_generator_);
	default_xml_generator_ = listener;
	if (listener != NULL)
	Append(listener);
	}
	}

	// Controls whether events will be forwarded by the repeater to the
	// listeners in the list.
	bool TestEventListeners::EventForwardingEnabled() const {
	return repeater_->forwarding_enabled();
	}

	void TestEventListeners::SuppressEventForwarding() {
	repeater_->set_forwarding_enabled(false);
	}

	// class UnitTest

	// Gets the singleton UnitTest object. The first time this method is
	// called, a UnitTest object is constructed and returned. Consecutive
	// calls will return the same object.
	//
	// We don't protect this under mutex_ as a user is not supposed to
	// call this before main() starts, from which point on the return
	// value will never change.
	UnitTest * UnitTest::GetInstance() {
	// When compiled with MSVC 7.1 in optimized mode, destroying the
	// UnitTest object upon exiting the program messes up the exit code,
	// causing successful tests to appear failed. We have to use a
	// different implementation in this case to bypass the compiler bug.
	// This implementation makes the compiler happy, at the cost of
	// leaking the UnitTest object.

	// CodeGear C++Builder insists on a public destructor for the
	// default implementation. Use this implementation to keep good OO
	// design with private destructor.

	#if (_MSC_VER == 1310 && !defined(_DEBUG)) \|\| defined(__BORLANDC__)
	static UnitTest* const instance = new UnitTest;
	return instance;
	#else
	static UnitTest instance;
	return &instance;
	#endif // (_MSC_VER == 1310 && !defined(_DEBUG)) \|\| defined(__BORLANDC__)
	}

	// Gets the number of successful test cases.
	int UnitTest::successful_test_case_count() const {
	return impl()->successful_test_case_count();
	}

	// Gets the number of failed test cases.
	int UnitTest::failed_test_case_count() const {
	return impl()->failed_test_case_count();
	}

	// Gets the number of all test cases.
	int UnitTest::total_test_case_count() const {
	return impl()->total_test_case_count();
	}

	// Gets the number of all test cases that contain at least one test
	// that should run.
	int UnitTest::test_case_to_run_count() const {
	return impl()->test_case_to_run_count();
	}

	// Gets the number of successful tests.
	int UnitTest::successful_test_count() const {
	return impl()->successful_test_count();
	}

	// Gets the number of failed tests.
	int UnitTest::failed_test_count() const { return impl()->failed_test_count(); }

	// Gets the number of disabled tests.
	int UnitTest::disabled_test_count() const {
	return impl()->disabled_test_count();
	}

	// Gets the number of all tests.
	int UnitTest::total_test_count() const { return impl()->total_test_count(); }

	// Gets the number of tests that should run.
	int UnitTest::test_to_run_count() const { return impl()->test_to_run_count(); }

	// Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
	internal::TimeInMillis UnitTest::elapsed_time() const {
	return impl()->elapsed_time();
	}

	// Returns true iff the unit test passed (i.e. all test cases passed).
	bool UnitTest::Passed() const { return impl()->Passed(); }

	// Returns true iff the unit test failed (i.e. some test case failed
	// or something outside of all tests failed).
	bool UnitTest::Failed() const { return impl()->Failed(); }

	// Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
	// total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
	const TestCase* UnitTest::GetTestCase(int i) const {
	return impl()->GetTestCase(i);
	}

	// Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
	// total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
	TestCase* UnitTest::GetMutableTestCase(int i) {
	return impl()->GetMutableTestCase(i);
	}

	// Returns the list of event listeners that can be used to track events
	// inside Google Test.
	TestEventListeners& UnitTest::listeners() {
	return *impl()->listeners();
	}

	// Registers and returns a global test environment. When a test
	// program is run, all global test environments will be set-up in the
	// order they were registered. After all tests in the program have
	// finished, all global test environments will be torn-down in the
	// reverse order they were registered.
	//
	// The UnitTest object takes ownership of the given environment.
	//
	// We don't protect this under mutex_, as we only support calling it
	// from the main thread.
	Environment* UnitTest::AddEnvironment(Environment* env) {
	if (env == NULL) {
	return NULL;
	}

	impl_->environments().push_back(env);
	return env;
	}

	// Adds a TestPartResult to the current TestResult object. All Google Test
	// assertion macros (e.g. ASSERT_TRUE, EXPECT_EQ, etc) eventually call
	// this to report their results. The user code should use the
	// assertion macros instead of calling this directly.
	// L < mutex_
	void UnitTest::AddTestPartResult(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
	const char* file_name,
	int line_number,
	const internal::String& message,
	const internal::String& os_stack_trace) {
	Message msg;
	msg << message;

	internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
	if (impl_->gtest_trace_stack().size() > 0) {
	msg << "\n" << GTEST_NAME_ << " trace:";

	for (int i = static_cast<int>(impl_->gtest_trace_stack().size());
	i > 0; --i) {
	const internal::TraceInfo& trace = impl_->gtest_trace_stack()[i - 1];
	msg << "\n" << internal::FormatFileLocation(trace.file, trace.line)
	<< " " << trace.message;
	}
	}

	if (os_stack_trace.c_str() != NULL && !os_stack_trace.empty()) {
	msg << internal::kStackTraceMarker << os_stack_trace;
	}

	const TestPartResult result =
	TestPartResult(result_type, file_name, line_number,
	msg.GetString().c_str());
	impl_->GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread()->
	ReportTestPartResult(result);

	if (result_type != TestPartResult::kSuccess) {
	// gtest_break_on_failure takes precedence over
	// gtest_throw_on_failure. This allows a user to set the latter
	// in the code (perhaps in order to use Google Test assertions
	// with another testing framework) and specify the former on the
	// command line for debugging.
	if (GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure)) {
	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
	// Using DebugBreak on Windows allows gtest to still break into a debugger
	// when a failure happens and both the --gtest_break_on_failure and
	// the --gtest_catch_exceptions flags are specified.
	DebugBreak();
	#else
	// Dereference NULL through a volatile pointer to prevent the compiler
	// from removing. We use this rather than abort() or __builtin_trap() for
	// portability: Symbian doesn't implement abort() well, and some debuggers
	// don't correctly trap abort().
	static_cast<volatile int>(NULL) = 1;
	#endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
	} else if (GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure)) {
	#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
	throw GoogleTestFailureException(result);
	#else
	// We cannot call abort() as it generates a pop-up in debug mode
	// that cannot be suppressed in VC 7.1 or below.
	exit(1);
	#endif
	}
	}
	}

	// Creates and adds a property to the current TestResult. If a property matching
	// the supplied value already exists, updates its value instead.
	void UnitTest::RecordPropertyForCurrentTest(const char* key,
	const char* value) {
	const TestProperty test_property(key, value);
	impl_->current_test_result()->RecordProperty(test_property);
	}

	// Runs all tests in this UnitTest object and prints the result.
	// Returns 0 if successful, or 1 otherwise.
	//
	// We don't protect this under mutex_, as we only support calling it
	// from the main thread.
	int UnitTest::Run() {
	#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
	// Catch SEH-style exceptions.

	const bool in_death_test_child_process =
	internal::GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).length() > 0;

	// Either the user wants Google Test to catch exceptions thrown by the
	// tests or this is executing in the context of death test child
	// process. In either case the user does not want to see pop-up dialogs
	// about crashes - they are expected..
	if (GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) \|\| in_death_test_child_process) {
	#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
	// SetErrorMode doesn't exist on CE.
	SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS \| SEM_NOALIGNMENTFAULTEXCEPT \|
	SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX \| SEM_NOOPENFILEERRORBOX);
	#endif // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

	#if (defined(_MSC_VER) \|\| GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW) && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
	// Death test children can be terminated with _abort(). On Windows,
	// _abort() can show a dialog with a warning message. This forces the
	// abort message to go to stderr instead.
	_set_error_mode(_OUT_TO_STDERR);
	#endif

	#if _MSC_VER >= 1400 && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
	// In the debug version, Visual Studio pops up a separate dialog
	// offering a choice to debug the aborted program. We need to suppress
	// this dialog or it will pop up for every EXPECT/ASSERT_DEATH statement
	// executed. Google Test will notify the user of any unexpected
	// failure via stderr.
	//
	// VC++ doesn't define _set_abort_behavior() prior to the version 8.0.
	// Users of prior VC versions shall suffer the agony and pain of
	// clicking through the countless debug dialogs.
	// TODO(vladl@google.com): find a way to suppress the abort dialog() in the
	// debug mode when compiled with VC 7.1 or lower.
	if (!GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure))
	_set_abort_behavior(
	0x0, // Clear the following flags:
	_WRITE_ABORT_MSG \| _CALL_REPORTFAULT); // pop-up window, core dump.
	#endif
	}
	#endif // GTEST_HAS_SEH

	return HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
	impl_,
	&internal::UnitTestImpl::RunAllTests,
	"auxiliary test code (environments or event listeners)") ? 0 : 1;
	}

	// Returns the working directory when the first TEST() or TEST_F() was
	// executed.
	const char* UnitTest::original_working_dir() const {
	return impl_->original_working_dir_.c_str();
	}

	// Returns the TestCase object for the test that's currently running,
	// or NULL if no test is running.
	// L < mutex_
	const TestCase* UnitTest::current_test_case() const {
	internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
	return impl_->current_test_case();
	}

	// Returns the TestInfo object for the test that's currently running,
	// or NULL if no test is running.
	// L < mutex_
	const TestInfo* UnitTest::current_test_info() const {
	internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
	return impl_->current_test_info();
	}

	// Returns the random seed used at the start of the current test run.
	int UnitTest::random_seed() const { return impl_->random_seed(); }

	#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
	// Returns ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry object used to keep track of
	// value-parameterized tests and instantiate and register them.
	// L < mutex_
	internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry&
	UnitTest::parameterized_test_registry() {
	return impl_->parameterized_test_registry();
	}
	#endif // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST

	// Creates an empty UnitTest.
	UnitTest::UnitTest() {
	impl_ = new internal::UnitTestImpl(this);
	}

	// Destructor of UnitTest.
	UnitTest::~UnitTest() {
	delete impl_;
	}

	// Pushes a trace defined by SCOPED_TRACE() on to the per-thread
	// Google Test trace stack.
	// L < mutex_
	void UnitTest::PushGTestTrace(const internal::TraceInfo& trace) {
	internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
	impl_->gtest_trace_stack().push_back(trace);
	}

	// Pops a trace from the per-thread Google Test trace stack.
	// L < mutex_
	void UnitTest::PopGTestTrace() {
	internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
	impl_->gtest_trace_stack().pop_back();
	}

	namespace internal {

	UnitTestImpl::UnitTestImpl(UnitTest* parent)
	: parent_(parent),
	#ifdef _MSC_VER
	#pragma warning(push) // Saves the current warning state.
	#pragma warning(disable:4355) // Temporarily disables warning 4355
	// (using this in initializer).
	default_global_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
	default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
	#pragma warning(pop) // Restores the warning state again.
	#else
	default_global_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
	default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
	#endif // _MSC_VER
	global_test_part_result_repoter_(
	&default_global_test_part_result_reporter_),
	per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(
	&default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_),
	#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
	parameterized_test_registry_(),
	parameterized_tests_registered_(false),
	#endif // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
	last_death_test_case_(-1),
	current_test_case_(NULL),
	current_test_info_(NULL),
	ad_hoc_test_result_(),
	os_stack_trace_getter_(NULL),
	post_flag_parse_init_performed_(false),
	random_seed_(0), // Will be overridden by the flag before first use.
	random_(0), // Will be reseeded before first use.
	#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
	elapsed_time_(0),
	internal_run_death_test_flag_(NULL),
	death_test_factory_(new DefaultDeathTestFactory) {
	#else
	elapsed_time_(0) {
	#endif // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
	listeners()->SetDefaultResultPrinter(new PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter);
	}

	UnitTestImpl::~UnitTestImpl() {
	// Deletes every TestCase.
	ForEach(test_cases_, internal::Delete<TestCase>);

	// Deletes every Environment.
	ForEach(environments_, internal::Delete<Environment>);

	delete os_stack_trace_getter_;
	}

	#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
	// Disables event forwarding if the control is currently in a death test
	// subprocess. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
	void UnitTestImpl::SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess() {
	if (internal_run_death_test_flag_.get() != NULL)
	listeners()->SuppressEventForwarding();
	}
	#endif // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

	// Initializes event listeners performing XML output as specified by
	// UnitTestOptions. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
	void UnitTestImpl::ConfigureXmlOutput() {
	const String& output_format = UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat();
	if (output_format == "xml") {
	listeners()->SetDefaultXmlGenerator(new XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(
	UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile().c_str()));
	} else if (output_format != "") {
	printf("WARNING: unrecognized output format \"%s\" ignored.\n",
	output_format.c_str());
	fflush(stdout);
	}
	}

	// Performs initialization dependent upon flag values obtained in
	// ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly. Is called from InitGoogleTest after the call to
	// ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly. In case a user neglects to call InitGoogleTest
	// this function is also called from RunAllTests. Since this function can be
	// called more than once, it has to be idempotent.
	void UnitTestImpl::PostFlagParsingInit() {
	// Ensures that this function does not execute more than once.
	if (!post_flag_parse_init_performed_) {
	post_flag_parse_init_performed_ = true;

	#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
	InitDeathTestSubprocessControlInfo();
	SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess();
	#endif // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

	// Registers parameterized tests. This makes parameterized tests
	// available to the UnitTest reflection API without running
	// RUN_ALL_TESTS.
	RegisterParameterizedTests();

	// Configures listeners for XML output. This makes it possible for users
	// to shut down the default XML output before invoking RUN_ALL_TESTS.
	ConfigureXmlOutput();
	}
	}

	// A predicate that checks the name of a TestCase against a known
	// value.
	//
	// This is used for implementation of the UnitTest class only. We put
	// it in the anonymous namespace to prevent polluting the outer
	// namespace.
	//
	// TestCaseNameIs is copyable.
	class TestCaseNameIs {
	public:
	// Constructor.
	explicit TestCaseNameIs(const String& name)
	: name_(name) {}

	// Returns true iff the name of test_case matches name_.
	bool operator()(const TestCase* test_case) const {
	return test_case != NULL && strcmp(test_case->name(), name_.c_str()) == 0;
	}

	private:
	String name_;
	};

	// Finds and returns a TestCase with the given name. If one doesn't
	// exist, creates one and returns it. It's the CALLER'S
	// RESPONSIBILITY to ensure that this function is only called WHEN THE
	// TESTS ARE NOT SHUFFLED.
	//
	// Arguments:
	//
	// test_case_name: name of the test case
	// set_up_tc: pointer to the function that sets up the test case
	// tear_down_tc: pointer to the function that tears down the test case
	TestCase* UnitTestImpl::GetTestCase(const char* test_case_name,
	const char* comment,
	Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
	Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc) {
	// Can we find a TestCase with the given name?
	const std::vector<TestCase*>::const_iterator test_case =
	std::find_if(test_cases_.begin(), test_cases_.end(),
	TestCaseNameIs(test_case_name));

	if (test_case != test_cases_.end())
	return *test_case;

	// No. Let's create one.
	TestCase* const new_test_case =
	new TestCase(test_case_name, comment, set_up_tc, tear_down_tc);

	// Is this a death test case?
	if (internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(String(test_case_name),
	kDeathTestCaseFilter)) {
	// Yes. Inserts the test case after the last death test case
	// defined so far. This only works when the test cases haven't
	// been shuffled. Otherwise we may end up running a death test
	// after a non-death test.
	++last_death_test_case_;
	test_cases_.insert(test_cases_.begin() + last_death_test_case_,
	new_test_case);
	} else {
	// No. Appends to the end of the list.
	test_cases_.push_back(new_test_case);
	}

	test_case_indices_.push_back(static_cast<int>(test_case_indices_.size()));
	return new_test_case;
	}

	// Helpers for setting up / tearing down the given environment. They
	// are for use in the ForEach() function.
	static void SetUpEnvironment(Environment* env) { env->SetUp(); }
	static void TearDownEnvironment(Environment* env) { env->TearDown(); }

	// Runs all tests in this UnitTest object, prints the result, and
	// returns true if all tests are successful. If any exception is
	// thrown during a test, the test is considered to be failed, but the
	// rest of the tests will still be run.
	//
	// When parameterized tests are enabled, it expands and registers
	// parameterized tests first in RegisterParameterizedTests().
	// All other functions called from RunAllTests() may safely assume that
	// parameterized tests are ready to be counted and run.
	bool UnitTestImpl::RunAllTests() {
	// Makes sure InitGoogleTest() was called.
	if (!GTestIsInitialized()) {
	printf("%s",
	"\nThis test program did NOT call ::testing::InitGoogleTest "
	"before calling RUN_ALL_TESTS(). Please fix it.\n");
	return false;
	}

	// Do not run any test if the --help flag was specified.
	if (g_help_flag)
	return true;

	// Repeats the call to the post-flag parsing initialization in case the
	// user didn't call InitGoogleTest.
	PostFlagParsingInit();

	// Even if sharding is not on, test runners may want to use the
	// GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE to query whether the test supports the sharding
	// protocol.
	internal::WriteToShardStatusFileIfNeeded();

	// True iff we are in a subprocess for running a thread-safe-style
	// death test.
	bool in_subprocess_for_death_test = false;

	#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
	in_subprocess_for_death_test = (internal_run_death_test_flag_.get() != NULL);
	#endif // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

	const bool should_shard = ShouldShard(kTestTotalShards, kTestShardIndex,
	in_subprocess_for_death_test);

	// Compares the full test names with the filter to decide which
	// tests to run.
	const bool has_tests_to_run = FilterTests(should_shard
	? HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL
	: IGNORE_SHARDING_PROTOCOL) > 0;

	// Lists the tests and exits if the --gtest_list_tests flag was specified.
	if (GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)) {
	// This must be called after FilterTests() has been called.
	ListTestsMatchingFilter();
	return true;
	}

	random_seed_ = GTEST_FLAG(shuffle) ?
	GetRandomSeedFromFlag(GTEST_FLAG(random_seed)) : 0;

	// True iff at least one test has failed.
	bool failed = false;

	TestEventListener* repeater = listeners()->repeater();

	repeater->OnTestProgramStart(*parent_);

	// How many times to repeat the tests? We don't want to repeat them
	// when we are inside the subprocess of a death test.
	const int repeat = in_subprocess_for_death_test ? 1 : GTEST_FLAG(repeat);
	// Repeats forever if the repeat count is negative.
	const bool forever = repeat < 0;
	for (int i = 0; forever \|\| i != repeat; i++) {
	// We want to preserve failures generated by ad-hoc test
	// assertions executed before RUN_ALL_TESTS().
	ClearNonAdHocTestResult();

	const TimeInMillis start = GetTimeInMillis();

	// Shuffles test cases and tests if requested.
	if (has_tests_to_run && GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
	random()->Reseed(random_seed_);
	// This should be done before calling OnTestIterationStart(),
	// such that a test event listener can see the actual test order
	// in the event.
	ShuffleTests();
	}

	// Tells the unit test event listeners that the tests are about to start.
	repeater->OnTestIterationStart(*parent_, i);

	// Runs each test case if there is at least one test to run.
	if (has_tests_to_run) {
	// Sets up all environments beforehand.
	repeater->OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(*parent_);
	ForEach(environments_, SetUpEnvironment);
	repeater->OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(*parent_);

	// Runs the tests only if there was no fatal failure during global
	// set-up.
	if (!Test::HasFatalFailure()) {
	for (int test_index = 0; test_index < total_test_case_count();
	test_index++) {
	GetMutableTestCase(test_index)->Run();
	}
	}

	// Tears down all environments in reverse order afterwards.
	repeater->OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(*parent_);
	std::for_each(environments_.rbegin(), environments_.rend(),
	TearDownEnvironment);
	repeater->OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(*parent_);
	}

	elapsed_time_ = GetTimeInMillis() - start;

	// Tells the unit test event listener that the tests have just finished.
	repeater->OnTestIterationEnd(*parent_, i);

	// Gets the result and clears it.
	if (!Passed()) {
	failed = true;
	}

	// Restores the original test order after the iteration. This
	// allows the user to quickly repro a failure that happens in the
	// N-th iteration without repeating the first (N - 1) iterations.
	// This is not enclosed in "if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) { ... }", in
	// case the user somehow changes the value of the flag somewhere
	// (it's always safe to unshuffle the tests).
	UnshuffleTests();

	if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
	// Picks a new random seed for each iteration.
	random_seed_ = GetNextRandomSeed(random_seed_);
	}
	}

	repeater->OnTestProgramEnd(*parent_);

	return !failed;
	}

	// Reads the GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE environment variable, and creates the file
	// if the variable is present. If a file already exists at this location, this
	// function will write over it. If the variable is present, but the file cannot
	// be created, prints an error and exits.
	void WriteToShardStatusFileIfNeeded() {
	const char* const test_shard_file = posix::GetEnv(kTestShardStatusFile);
	if (test_shard_file != NULL) {
	FILE* const file = posix::FOpen(test_shard_file, "w");
	if (file == NULL) {
	ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED,
	"Could not write to the test shard status file \"%s\" "
	"specified by the %s environment variable.\n",
	test_shard_file, kTestShardStatusFile);
	fflush(stdout);
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	fclose(file);
	}
	}

	// Checks whether sharding is enabled by examining the relevant
	// environment variable values. If the variables are present,
	// but inconsistent (i.e., shard_index >= total_shards), prints
	// an error and exits. If in_subprocess_for_death_test, sharding is
	// disabled because it must only be applied to the original test
	// process. Otherwise, we could filter out death tests we intended to execute.
	bool ShouldShard(const char* total_shards_env,
	const char* shard_index_env,
	bool in_subprocess_for_death_test) {
	if (in_subprocess_for_death_test) {
	return false;
	}

	const Int32 total_shards = Int32FromEnvOrDie(total_shards_env, -1);
	const Int32 shard_index = Int32FromEnvOrDie(shard_index_env, -1);

	if (total_shards == -1 && shard_index == -1) {
	return false;
	} else if (total_shards == -1 && shard_index != -1) {
	const Message msg = Message()
	<< "Invalid environment variables: you have "
	<< kTestShardIndex << " = " << shard_index
	<< ", but have left " << kTestTotalShards << " unset.\n";
	ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, msg.GetString().c_str());
	fflush(stdout);
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	} else if (total_shards != -1 && shard_index == -1) {
	const Message msg = Message()
	<< "Invalid environment variables: you have "
	<< kTestTotalShards << " = " << total_shards
	<< ", but have left " << kTestShardIndex << " unset.\n";
	ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, msg.GetString().c_str());
	fflush(stdout);
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	} else if (shard_index < 0 \|\| shard_index >= total_shards) {
	const Message msg = Message()
	<< "Invalid environment variables: we require 0 <= "
	<< kTestShardIndex << " < " << kTestTotalShards
	<< ", but you have " << kTestShardIndex << "=" << shard_index
	<< ", " << kTestTotalShards << "=" << total_shards << ".\n";
	ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, msg.GetString().c_str());
	fflush(stdout);
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	return total_shards > 1;
	}

	// Parses the environment variable var as an Int32. If it is unset,
	// returns default_val. If it is not an Int32, prints an error
	// and aborts.
	Int32 Int32FromEnvOrDie(const char* const var, Int32 default_val) {
	const char* str_val = posix::GetEnv(var);
	if (str_val == NULL) {
	return default_val;
	}

	Int32 result;
	if (!ParseInt32(Message() << "The value of environment variable " << var,
	str_val, &result)) {
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	return result;
	}

	// Given the total number of shards, the shard index, and the test id,
	// returns true iff the test should be run on this shard. The test id is
	// some arbitrary but unique non-negative integer assigned to each test
	// method. Assumes that 0 <= shard_index < total_shards.
	bool ShouldRunTestOnShard(int total_shards, int shard_index, int test_id) {
	return (test_id % total_shards) == shard_index;
	}

	// Compares the name of each test with the user-specified filter to
	// decide whether the test should be run, then records the result in
	// each TestCase and TestInfo object.
	// If shard_tests == true, further filters tests based on sharding
	// variables in the environment - see
	// http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/GoogleTestAdvancedGuide.
	// Returns the number of tests that should run.
	int UnitTestImpl::FilterTests(ReactionToSharding shard_tests) {
	const Int32 total_shards = shard_tests == HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL ?
	Int32FromEnvOrDie(kTestTotalShards, -1) : -1;
	const Int32 shard_index = shard_tests == HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL ?
	Int32FromEnvOrDie(kTestShardIndex, -1) : -1;

	// num_runnable_tests are the number of tests that will
	// run across all shards (i.e., match filter and are not disabled).
	// num_selected_tests are the number of tests to be run on
	// this shard.
	int num_runnable_tests = 0;
	int num_selected_tests = 0;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
	TestCase* const test_case = test_cases_[i];
	const String &test_case_name = test_case->name();
	test_case->set_should_run(false);

	for (size_t j = 0; j < test_case->test_info_list().size(); j++) {
	TestInfo* const test_info = test_case->test_info_list()[j];
	const String test_name(test_info->name());
	// A test is disabled if test case name or test name matches
	// kDisableTestFilter.
	const bool is_disabled =
	internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(test_case_name,
	kDisableTestFilter) \|\|
	internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(test_name,
	kDisableTestFilter);
	test_info->is_disabled_ = is_disabled;

	const bool matches_filter =
	internal::UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest(test_case_name,
	test_name);
	test_info->matches_filter_ = matches_filter;

	const bool is_runnable =
	(GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests) \|\| !is_disabled) &&
	matches_filter;

	const bool is_selected = is_runnable &&
	(shard_tests == IGNORE_SHARDING_PROTOCOL \|\|
	ShouldRunTestOnShard(total_shards, shard_index,
	num_runnable_tests));

	num_runnable_tests += is_runnable;
	num_selected_tests += is_selected;

	test_info->should_run_ = is_selected;
	test_case->set_should_run(test_case->should_run() \|\| is_selected);
	}
	}
	return num_selected_tests;
	}

	// Prints the names of the tests matching the user-specified filter flag.
	void UnitTestImpl::ListTestsMatchingFilter() {
	for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
	const TestCase* const test_case = test_cases_[i];
	bool printed_test_case_name = false;

	for (size_t j = 0; j < test_case->test_info_list().size(); j++) {
	const TestInfo* const test_info =
	test_case->test_info_list()[j];
	if (test_info->matches_filter_) {
	if (!printed_test_case_name) {
	printed_test_case_name = true;
	printf("%s.\n", test_case->name());
	}
	printf(" %s\n", test_info->name());
	}
	}
	}
	fflush(stdout);
	}

	// Sets the OS stack trace getter.
	//
	// Does nothing if the input and the current OS stack trace getter are
	// the same; otherwise, deletes the old getter and makes the input the
	// current getter.
	void UnitTestImpl::set_os_stack_trace_getter(
	OsStackTraceGetterInterface* getter) {
	if (os_stack_trace_getter_ != getter) {
	delete os_stack_trace_getter_;
	os_stack_trace_getter_ = getter;
	}
	}

	// Returns the current OS stack trace getter if it is not NULL;
	// otherwise, creates an OsStackTraceGetter, makes it the current
	// getter, and returns it.
	OsStackTraceGetterInterface* UnitTestImpl::os_stack_trace_getter() {
	if (os_stack_trace_getter_ == NULL) {
	os_stack_trace_getter_ = new OsStackTraceGetter;
	}

	return os_stack_trace_getter_;
	}

	// Returns the TestResult for the test that's currently running, or
	// the TestResult for the ad hoc test if no test is running.
	TestResult* UnitTestImpl::current_test_result() {
	return current_test_info_ ?
	&(current_test_info_->result_) : &ad_hoc_test_result_;
	}

	// Shuffles all test cases, and the tests within each test case,
	// making sure that death tests are still run first.
	void UnitTestImpl::ShuffleTests() {
	// Shuffles the death test cases.
	ShuffleRange(random(), 0, last_death_test_case_ + 1, &test_case_indices_);

	// Shuffles the non-death test cases.
	ShuffleRange(random(), last_death_test_case_ + 1,
	static_cast<int>(test_cases_.size()), &test_case_indices_);

	// Shuffles the tests inside each test case.
	for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
	test_cases_[i]->ShuffleTests(random());
	}
	}

	// Restores the test cases and tests to their order before the first shuffle.
	void UnitTestImpl::UnshuffleTests() {
	for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
	// Unshuffles the tests in each test case.
	test_cases_[i]->UnshuffleTests();
	// Resets the index of each test case.
	test_case_indices_[i] = static_cast<int>(i);
	}
	}

	// Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.
	//
	// The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
	// the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag. The skip_count parameter
	// specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
	// count against the number of frames to be included.
	//
	// For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
	// GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(..., 1), Foo() will be included in
	// the trace but Bar() and GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
	String GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(UnitTest* /unit_test/,
	int skip_count) {
	// We pass skip_count + 1 to skip this wrapper function in addition
	// to what the user really wants to skip.
	return GetUnitTestImpl()->CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(skip_count + 1);
	}

	// Used by the GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_ macro to
	// suppress unreachable code warnings.
	namespace {
	class ClassUniqueToAlwaysTrue {};
	}

	bool IsTrue(bool condition) { return condition; }

	bool AlwaysTrue() {
	#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
	// This condition is always false so AlwaysTrue() never actually throws,
	// but it makes the compiler think that it may throw.
	if (IsTrue(false))
	throw ClassUniqueToAlwaysTrue();
	#endif // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
	return true;
	}

	// If pstr starts with the given prefix, modifies pstr to be right
	// past the prefix and returns true; otherwise leaves *pstr unchanged
	// and returns false. None of pstr, *pstr, and prefix can be NULL.
	bool SkipPrefix(const char* prefix, const char** pstr) {
	const size_t prefix_len = strlen(prefix);
	if (strncmp(*pstr, prefix, prefix_len) == 0) {
	*pstr += prefix_len;
	return true;
	}
	return false;
	}

	// Parses a string as a command line flag. The string should have
	// the format "--flag=value". When def_optional is true, the "=value"
	// part can be omitted.
	//
	// Returns the value of the flag, or NULL if the parsing failed.
	const char* ParseFlagValue(const char* str,
	const char* flag,
	bool def_optional) {
	// str and flag must not be NULL.
	if (str == NULL \|\| flag == NULL) return NULL;

	// The flag must start with "--" followed by GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_.
	const String flag_str = String::Format("--%s%s", GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, flag);
	const size_t flag_len = flag_str.length();
	if (strncmp(str, flag_str.c_str(), flag_len) != 0) return NULL;

	// Skips the flag name.
	const char* flag_end = str + flag_len;

	// When def_optional is true, it's OK to not have a "=value" part.
	if (def_optional && (flag_end[0] == '\0')) {
	return flag_end;
	}

	// If def_optional is true and there are more characters after the
	// flag name, or if def_optional is false, there must be a '=' after
	// the flag name.
	if (flag_end[0] != '=') return NULL;

	// Returns the string after "=".
	return flag_end + 1;
	}

	// Parses a string for a bool flag, in the form of either
	// "--flag=value" or "--flag".
	//
	// In the former case, the value is taken as true as long as it does
	// not start with '0', 'f', or 'F'.
	//
	// In the latter case, the value is taken as true.
	//
	// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
	// true. On failure, returns false without changing *value.
	bool ParseBoolFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, bool* value) {
	// Gets the value of the flag as a string.
	const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, true);

	// Aborts if the parsing failed.
	if (value_str == NULL) return false;

	// Converts the string value to a bool.
	value = !(value_str == '0' \|\| value_str == 'f' \|\| value_str == 'F');
	return true;
	}

	// Parses a string for an Int32 flag, in the form of
	// "--flag=value".
	//
	// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
	// true. On failure, returns false without changing *value.
	bool ParseInt32Flag(const char* str, const char* flag, Int32* value) {
	// Gets the value of the flag as a string.
	const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, false);

	// Aborts if the parsing failed.
	if (value_str == NULL) return false;

	// Sets *value to the value of the flag.
	return ParseInt32(Message() << "The value of flag --" << flag,
	value_str, value);
	}

	// Parses a string for a string flag, in the form of
	// "--flag=value".
	//
	// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
	// true. On failure, returns false without changing *value.
	bool ParseStringFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, String* value) {
	// Gets the value of the flag as a string.
	const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, false);

	// Aborts if the parsing failed.
	if (value_str == NULL) return false;

	// Sets *value to the value of the flag.
	*value = value_str;
	return true;
	}

	// Determines whether a string has a prefix that Google Test uses for its
	// flags, i.e., starts with GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ or GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_DASH_.
	// If Google Test detects that a command line flag has its prefix but is not
	// recognized, it will print its help message. Flags starting with
	// GTEST_INTERNAL_PREFIX_ followed by "internal_" are considered Google Test
	// internal flags and do not trigger the help message.
	static bool HasGoogleTestFlagPrefix(const char* str) {
	return (SkipPrefix("--", &str) \|\|
	SkipPrefix("-", &str) \|\|
	SkipPrefix("/", &str)) &&
	!SkipPrefix(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "internal_", &str) &&
	(SkipPrefix(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, &str) \|\|
	SkipPrefix(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_DASH_, &str));
	}

	// Prints a string containing code-encoded text. The following escape
	// sequences can be used in the string to control the text color:
	//
	// @@ prints a single '@' character.
	// @R changes the color to red.
	// @G changes the color to green.
	// @Y changes the color to yellow.
	// @D changes to the default terminal text color.
	//
	// TODO(wan@google.com): Write tests for this once we add stdout
	// capturing to Google Test.
	static void PrintColorEncoded(const char* str) {
	GTestColor color = COLOR_DEFAULT; // The current color.

	// Conceptually, we split the string into segments divided by escape
	// sequences. Then we print one segment at a time. At the end of
	// each iteration, the str pointer advances to the beginning of the
	// next segment.
	for (;;) {
	const char* p = strchr(str, '@');
	if (p == NULL) {
	ColoredPrintf(color, "%s", str);
	return;
	}

	ColoredPrintf(color, "%s", String(str, p - str).c_str());

	const char ch = p[1];
	str = p + 2;
	if (ch == '@') {
	ColoredPrintf(color, "@");
	} else if (ch == 'D') {
	color = COLOR_DEFAULT;
	} else if (ch == 'R') {
	color = COLOR_RED;
	} else if (ch == 'G') {
	color = COLOR_GREEN;
	} else if (ch == 'Y') {
	color = COLOR_YELLOW;
	} else {
	--str;
	}
	}
	}

	static const char kColorEncodedHelpMessage[] =
	"This program contains tests written using " GTEST_NAME_ ". You can use the\n"
	"following command line flags to control its behavior:\n"
	"\n"
	"Test Selection:\n"
	" @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "list_tests@D\n"
	" List the names of all tests instead of running them. The name of\n"
	" TEST(Foo, Bar) is \"Foo.Bar\".\n"
	" @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "filter=@YPOSTIVE_PATTERNS"
	"[@G-@YNEGATIVE_PATTERNS]@D\n"
	" Run only the tests whose name matches one of the positive patterns but\n"
	" none of the negative patterns. '?' matches any single character; '*'\n"
	" matches any substring; ':' separates two patterns.\n"
	" @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "also_run_disabled_tests@D\n"
	" Run all disabled tests too.\n"
	"\n"
	"Test Execution:\n"
	" @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "repeat=@Y[COUNT]@D\n"
	" Run the tests repeatedly; use a negative count to repeat forever.\n"
	" @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "shuffle@D\n"
	" Randomize tests' orders on every iteration.\n"
	" @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "random_seed=@Y[NUMBER]@D\n"
	" Random number seed to use for shuffling test orders (between 1 and\n"
	" 99999, or 0 to use a seed based on the current time).\n"
	"\n"
	"Test Output:\n"
	" @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "color=@Y(@Gyes@Y\|@Gno@Y\|@Gauto@Y)@D\n"
	" Enable/disable colored output. The default is @Gauto@D.\n"
	" -@G-" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "print_time=0@D\n"
	" Don't print the elapsed time of each test.\n"
	" @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "output=xml@Y[@G:@YDIRECTORY_PATH@G"
	GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "@Y\|@G:@YFILE_PATH]@D\n"
	" Generate an XML report in the given directory or with the given file\n"
	" name. @YFILE_PATH@D defaults to @Gtest_details.xml@D.\n"
	"\n"
	"Assertion Behavior:\n"
	#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
	" @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "death_test_style=@Y(@Gfast@Y\|@Gthreadsafe@Y)@D\n"
	" Set the default death test style.\n"
	#endif // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
	" @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "break_on_failure@D\n"
	" Turn assertion failures into debugger break-points.\n"
	" @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "throw_on_failure@D\n"
	" Turn assertion failures into C++ exceptions.\n"
	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
	" @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "catch_exceptions@D\n"
	" Suppress pop-ups caused by exceptions.\n"
	#endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
	"\n"
	"Except for @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "list_tests@D, you can alternatively set "
	"the corresponding\n"
	"environment variable of a flag (all letters in upper-case). For example, to\n"
	"disable colored text output, you can either specify @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_
	"color=no@D or set\n"
	"the @G" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "COLOR@D environment variable to @Gno@D.\n"
	"\n"
	"For more information, please read the " GTEST_NAME_ " documentation at\n"
	"@G" GTEST_PROJECT_URL_ "@D. If you find a bug in " GTEST_NAME_ "\n"
	"(not one in your own code or tests), please report it to\n"
	"@G<" GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_ ">@D.\n";

	// Parses the command line for Google Test flags, without initializing
	// other parts of Google Test. The type parameter CharType can be
	// instantiated to either char or wchar_t.
	template <typename CharType>
	void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl(int* argc, CharType** argv) {
	for (int i = 1; i < *argc; i++) {
	const String arg_string = StreamableToString(argv[i]);
	const char* const arg = arg_string.c_str();

	using internal::ParseBoolFlag;
	using internal::ParseInt32Flag;
	using internal::ParseStringFlag;

	// Do we see a Google Test flag?
	if (ParseBoolFlag(arg, kAlsoRunDisabledTestsFlag,
	&GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests)) \|\|
	ParseBoolFlag(arg, kBreakOnFailureFlag,
	&GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure)) \|\|
	ParseBoolFlag(arg, kCatchExceptionsFlag,
	&GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions)) \|\|
	ParseStringFlag(arg, kColorFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(color)) \|\|
	ParseStringFlag(arg, kDeathTestStyleFlag,
	&GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style)) \|\|
	ParseBoolFlag(arg, kDeathTestUseFork,
	&GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork)) \|\|
	ParseStringFlag(arg, kFilterFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(filter)) \|\|
	ParseStringFlag(arg, kInternalRunDeathTestFlag,
	&GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test)) \|\|
	ParseBoolFlag(arg, kListTestsFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)) \|\|
	ParseStringFlag(arg, kOutputFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(output)) \|\|
	ParseBoolFlag(arg, kPrintTimeFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) \|\|
	ParseInt32Flag(arg, kRandomSeedFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(random_seed)) \|\|
	ParseInt32Flag(arg, kRepeatFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(repeat)) \|\|
	ParseBoolFlag(arg, kShuffleFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) \|\|
	ParseInt32Flag(arg, kStackTraceDepthFlag,
	&GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth)) \|\|
	ParseBoolFlag(arg, kThrowOnFailureFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure))
	) {
	// Yes. Shift the remainder of the argv list left by one. Note
	// that argv has (*argc + 1) elements, the last one always being
	// NULL. The following loop moves the trailing NULL element as
	// well.
	for (int j = i; j != *argc; j++) {
	argv[j] = argv[j + 1];
	}

	// Decrements the argument count.
	(*argc)--;

	// We also need to decrement the iterator as we just removed
	// an element.
	i--;
	} else if (arg_string == "--help" \|\| arg_string == "-h" \|\|
	arg_string == "-?" \|\| arg_string == "/?" \|\|
	HasGoogleTestFlagPrefix(arg)) {
	// Both help flag and unrecognized Google Test flags (excluding
	// internal ones) trigger help display.
	g_help_flag = true;
	}
	}

	if (g_help_flag) {
	// We print the help here instead of in RUN_ALL_TESTS(), as the
	// latter may not be called at all if the user is using Google
	// Test with another testing framework.
	PrintColorEncoded(kColorEncodedHelpMessage);
	}
	}

	// Parses the command line for Google Test flags, without initializing
	// other parts of Google Test.
	void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int* argc, char** argv) {
	ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl(argc, argv);
	}
	void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int* argc, wchar_t** argv) {
	ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl(argc, argv);
	}

	// The internal implementation of InitGoogleTest().
	//
	// The type parameter CharType can be instantiated to either char or
	// wchar_t.
	template <typename CharType>
	void InitGoogleTestImpl(int* argc, CharType** argv) {
	g_init_gtest_count++;

	// We don't want to run the initialization code twice.
	if (g_init_gtest_count != 1) return;

	if (*argc <= 0) return;

	internal::g_executable_path = internal::StreamableToString(argv[0]);

	#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
	g_argvs.clear();
	for (int i = 0; i != *argc; i++) {
	g_argvs.push_back(StreamableToString(argv[i]));
	}
	#endif // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

	ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(argc, argv);
	GetUnitTestImpl()->PostFlagParsingInit();
	}

	} // namespace internal

	// Initializes Google Test. This must be called before calling
	// RUN_ALL_TESTS(). In particular, it parses a command line for the
	// flags that Google Test recognizes. Whenever a Google Test flag is
	// seen, it is removed from argv, and *argc is decremented.
	//
	// No value is returned. Instead, the Google Test flag variables are
	// updated.
	//
	// Calling the function for the second time has no user-visible effect.
	void InitGoogleTest(int* argc, char** argv) {
	internal::InitGoogleTestImpl(argc, argv);
	}

	// This overloaded version can be used in Windows programs compiled in
	// UNICODE mode.
	void InitGoogleTest(int* argc, wchar_t** argv) {
	internal::InitGoogleTestImpl(argc, argv);
	}

	} // namespace testing

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