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contact_detector.cc
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/**
* @file contact_detector.cc
*
* @author Mohit Pundir <mohit.pundir@epfl.ch>
*
* @date creation: Wed Sep 12 2018
* @date last modification: Fri Sep 21 2018
*
* @brief Mother class for all detection algorithms
*
* @section LICENSE
*
* Copyright (©) 2010-2018 EPFL (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne)
* Laboratory (LSMS - Laboratoire de Simulation en Mécanique des Solides)
*
* Akantu is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
* terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
* Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
* later version.
*
* Akantu is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
* WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more
* details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
* along with Akantu. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*
*/
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
#include "contact_detector.hh"
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
namespace akantu {
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
ContactDetector::ContactDetector(Mesh & mesh, const ID & id, UInt memory_id)
: ContactDetector(mesh, mesh.getNodes(), id, memory_id) {
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
ContactDetector::ContactDetector(Mesh & mesh, Array<Real> & positions, const ID & id, UInt memory_id)
: Memory(id, memory_id),
Parsable(ParserType::_contact_detector, id),
mesh(mesh),
positions(positions) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
this->spatial_dimension = mesh.getSpatialDimension();
this->mesh.fillNodesToElements(this->spatial_dimension - 1);
this->parseSection();
this->computeMaximalDetectionDistance();
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void ContactDetector::parseSection() {
const Parser & parser = getStaticParser();
const ParserSection & section =
*(parser.getSubSections(ParserType::_contact_detector).first);
auto type = section.getParameterValue<std::string>("type");
if (type == "implicit") {
this->detection_type = _implicit;
}
else if (type == "explicit"){
this->detection_type = _explicit;
}
else {
AKANTU_ERROR("Unknown detection type : " << type);
}
surfaces[Surface::master] = section.getParameterValue<std::string>("master");
surfaces[Surface::slave ] = section.getParameterValue<std::string>("slave");
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void ContactDetector::search(std::map<UInt, ContactElement> & contact_map) {
SpatialGrid<UInt> master_grid(spatial_dimension);
SpatialGrid<UInt> slave_grid(spatial_dimension);
this->globalSearch(slave_grid, master_grid);
this->localSearch(slave_grid, master_grid);
this->constructContactMap(contact_map);
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void ContactDetector::globalSearch(SpatialGrid<UInt> & slave_grid,
SpatialGrid<UInt> & master_grid) {
auto & master_list =
mesh.getElementGroup(surfaces[Surface::master]).getNodeGroup().getNodes();
auto & slave_list =
mesh.getElementGroup(surfaces[Surface::slave]).getNodeGroup().getNodes();
BBox bbox_master(spatial_dimension);
this->constructBoundingBox(bbox_master, master_list);
BBox bbox_slave(spatial_dimension);
this->constructBoundingBox(bbox_slave, slave_list);
auto && bbox_intersection =
bbox_master.intersection(bbox_slave);
AKANTU_DEBUG_INFO( "Intersection BBox "
<< bbox_intersection );
Vector<Real> center(spatial_dimension);
bbox_intersection.getCenter(center);
Vector<Real> spacing(spatial_dimension);
this->computeCellSpacing(spacing);
master_grid.setCenter(center);
master_grid.setSpacing(spacing);
this->constructGrid(master_grid, bbox_intersection, master_list);
slave_grid.setCenter(center);
slave_grid.setSpacing(spacing);
this->constructGrid(slave_grid, bbox_intersection, slave_list);
// search slave grid nodes in contactelement array and if they exits
// and still have orthogonal projection on its associated master
// facetremove it from the spatial grid or do not consider it for
// local search, maybe better option will be to have spatial grid of
// type node info and one of the variable of node info should be
// facet already exits
// so contact elements will be updated based on the above
// consideration , this means only those contact elements will be
// keep whose slave node is still in intersection bbox and still has
// projection in its master facet
// also if slave node is already exists in contact element and
// orthogonal projection does not exits then search the associated
// master facets with the current master facets within a given
// radius , this is subjected to computational cost as searching
// neighbbor cells can be more effective.
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void ContactDetector::localSearch(SpatialGrid<UInt> & slave_grid,
SpatialGrid<UInt> & master_grid) {
// local search
// out of these array check each cell for closet node in that cell
// and neighbouring cells find the actual orthogonally closet
// check the projection of slave node on master facets connected to
// the closet master node, if yes update the contact element with
// slave node and master node and master surfaces connected to the
// master node
// these master surfaces will be needed later to update contact
// elements
//Array<UInt> slave_nodes;
//Array<UInt> master_nodes;
/*BBox bbox_master_grid(spatial_dimension);
BBox bbox_slave_grid(spatial_dimension);
auto create_bbox = [&](auto & grid, auto & bbox) {
auto upper_bound = grid.getUpperBounds();
auto lower_bound = grid.getLowerBounds();
for (UInt s: arange(spatial_dimension)) {
lower_bound(s) -= this->max_bb;
upper_bound(s) += this->max_bb;
}
bbox += lower_bound;
bbox += upper_bound;
};
create_bbox(master_grid, bbox_master_grid);
create_bbox(slave_grid, bbox_slave_grid);
auto && bbox_intersection =
bbox_master_grid.intersection(bbox_slave_grid);*/
contact_pairs.clear();
/// find the closet master node for each slave node
for (auto && cell_id : slave_grid) {
/// loop over all the slave nodes of the current cell
for (auto && slave_node: slave_grid.getCell(cell_id)) {
bool pair_exists = false;
Vector<Real> pos(spatial_dimension);
for (UInt s: arange(spatial_dimension))
pos(s) = this->positions(slave_node, s);
//if (!bbox_intersection.contains(pos)) {
// continue;
//}
Real closet_distance = std::numeric_limits<Real>::max();
UInt closet_master_node;
/// loop over all the neighboring cells of the current cell
for (auto && neighbor_cell : cell_id.neighbors()) {
/// loop over the data of neighboring cells from master grid
for (auto && master_node : master_grid.getCell(neighbor_cell)) {
Vector<Real> pos2(spatial_dimension);
for (UInt s: arange(spatial_dimension))
pos2(s) = this->positions(master_node, s);
Real distance = pos.distance(pos2);
if (distance <= closet_distance) {
closet_master_node = master_node;
closet_distance = distance;
pair_exists = true;
}
}
}
if (pair_exists) {
contact_pairs.push_back(slave_node);
contact_pairs.push_back(closet_master_node);
}
}
}
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void ContactDetector::constructContactMap(std::map<UInt, ContactElement> & contact_map) {
auto get_index = [&](auto & gaps, auto & projections) {
UInt index;
Real gap_min = std::numeric_limits<Real>::max();
UInt counter = 0;
for (auto && values : zip(gaps,
make_view(projections, spatial_dimension -1))) {
auto & gap = std::get<0>(values);
auto & projection = std::get<1>(values);
bool is_valid = this->checkValidityOfProjection(projection);
if (is_valid and gap <= gap_min) {
gap_min = gap;
index = counter;
}
counter++;
}
/// TODO: adhoc fix to assign a master element in case the
/// projection does not lie in the extended element. As it is
/// tolerance based
if (index >= gaps.size()) {
auto gap_min_it = std::min_element(gaps.begin(), gaps.end());
auto index_it = std::find(gaps.begin(), gaps.end(), *gap_min_it);
index = *index_it;
}
return index;
};
auto get_connectivity = [&](auto & slave, auto & master) {
Vector<UInt> master_conn = this->mesh.getConnectivity(master);
Vector<UInt> elem_conn(master_conn.size() + 1);
elem_conn[0] = slave;
for (UInt i = 1; i < elem_conn.size(); ++i) {
elem_conn[i] = master_conn[i-1];
}
return elem_conn;
};
for (auto && pairs : make_view(contact_pairs, 2)) {
const auto & slave_node = pairs(0);
const auto & master_node = pairs(1);
Array<Element> elements;
this->mesh.getAssociatedElements(master_node, elements);
Array<Real> gaps(elements.size(), 1, "gaps");
Array<Real> normals(elements.size(), spatial_dimension, "normals");
Array<Real> projections(elements.size(), spatial_dimension -1, "projections");
this->computeOrthogonalProjection(slave_node, elements,
normals, gaps, projections);
auto index = get_index(gaps, projections);
auto connectivity = get_connectivity(slave_node, elements[index]);
contact_map[slave_node].setMaster(elements[index]);
contact_map[slave_node].setGap(gaps[index]);
contact_map[slave_node].setNormal(Vector<Real>(normals.begin(spatial_dimension)[index], true));
contact_map[slave_node].setProjection(Vector<Real>(projections.begin(spatial_dimension - 1)[index], true));
contact_map[slave_node].setConnectivity(connectivity);
/// number of surface tangents will be equal to dimension of
/// surface i.e. spatial_dimension - 1 and nb of components will
/// still be equal to spatial dimension
Matrix<Real> tangents(spatial_dimension - 1, spatial_dimension);
this->computeTangentsOnElement(contact_map[slave_node].master,
contact_map[slave_node].projection,
tangents);
contact_map[slave_node].setTangent(tangents);
}
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void ContactDetector::computeOrthogonalProjection(const UInt & node,
const Array<Element> & elements,
Array<Real> & normals, Array<Real> & gaps,
Array<Real> & projections) {
Vector<Real> query(spatial_dimension);
for (UInt s: arange(spatial_dimension))
query(s) = this->positions(node, s);
for (auto && values :
zip( elements,
gaps,
make_view(normals , spatial_dimension),
make_view(projections, spatial_dimension - 1))) {
const auto & element = std::get<0>(values);
auto & gap = std::get<1>(values);
auto & normal = std::get<2>(values);
auto & projection = std::get<3>(values);
this->computeNormalOnElement(element, normal);
Vector<Real> real_projection(spatial_dimension);
this->computeProjectionOnElement(element, normal, query,
projection, real_projection);
Vector<Real> distance(spatial_dimension);
distance = query - real_projection;
gap = Math::norm(spatial_dimension, distance.storage());
Vector<Real> direction = distance.normalize();
Real cos_angle = direction.dot(normal);
Real tolerance = 1e-8;
/// TODO: adhoc fix to ensure that normal is always into the slave
/// surface. However, it doesnot work if gap is 0 as cos angle is
/// a nan value
if (std::abs(cos_angle + 1) <= tolerance) {
normal *= -1.0;
}
if (std::abs(cos_angle - 1) <= tolerance and detection_type == _explicit) {
gap *= -1;
}
}
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void ContactDetector::computeNormalOnElement(const Element & element, Vector<Real> & normal) {
Matrix<Real> vectors(spatial_dimension, spatial_dimension - 1);
this->vectorsAlongElement(element, vectors);
switch (this->spatial_dimension) {
case 2: {
Math::normal2(vectors.storage(), normal.storage());
break;
}
case 3: {
Math::normal3(vectors(0).storage(), vectors(1).storage(), normal.storage());
break;
}
default: { AKANTU_ERROR("Unknown dimension : " << spatial_dimension); }
}
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void ContactDetector::computeProjectionOnElement(const Element & element,
const Vector<Real> & normal,
const Vector<Real> & query,
Vector<Real> & natural_projection,
Vector<Real> & real_projection) {
UInt nb_nodes_per_element = Mesh::getNbNodesPerElement(element.type);
Matrix<Real> coords(spatial_dimension, nb_nodes_per_element);
this->coordinatesOfElement(element, coords);
Vector<Real> point(coords(0));
Real alpha = (query - point).dot(normal);
real_projection = query - alpha * normal;
this->computeNaturalProjection(element, real_projection, natural_projection);
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void ContactDetector::computeNaturalProjection(const Element & element, Vector<Real> & real_projection,
Vector<Real> & natural_projection) {
const ElementType & type = element.type;
UInt nb_nodes_per_element = mesh.getNbNodesPerElement(type);
UInt * elem_val = mesh.getConnectivity(type,
_not_ghost).storage();
Matrix<Real> nodes_coord(spatial_dimension, nb_nodes_per_element);
mesh.extractNodalValuesFromElement(this->positions, nodes_coord.storage(),
elem_val + element.element * nb_nodes_per_element,
nb_nodes_per_element, spatial_dimension);
#define GET_NATURAL_COORDINATE(type) \
ElementClass<type>::inverseMap(real_projection, nodes_coord, natural_projection)
AKANTU_BOOST_ALL_ELEMENT_SWITCH(GET_NATURAL_COORDINATE);
#undef GET_NATURAL_COORDINATE
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void ContactDetector::vectorsAlongElement(const Element & el, Matrix<Real> & vectors) {
UInt nb_nodes_per_element = Mesh::getNbNodesPerElement(el.type);
Matrix<Real> coords(spatial_dimension, nb_nodes_per_element);
this->coordinatesOfElement(el, coords);
switch (spatial_dimension) {
case 2: {
vectors(0) = Vector<Real>(coords(1)) - Vector<Real>(coords(0));
break;
}
case 3: {
vectors(0) = Vector<Real>(coords(1)) - Vector<Real>(coords(0));
vectors(1) = Vector<Real>(coords(2)) - Vector<Real>(coords(0));
break;
}
default: { AKANTU_ERROR("Unknown dimension : " << spatial_dimension); }
}
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void ContactDetector::computeTangentsOnElement(const Element & el, Vector<Real> & projection, Matrix<Real> & tangents) {
const ElementType & type = el.type;
UInt nb_nodes_master = Mesh::getNbNodesPerElement(type);
Vector<Real> shapes(nb_nodes_master);
Matrix<Real> shapes_derivatives(spatial_dimension - 1, nb_nodes_master);
#define GET_SHAPES_NATURAL(type) \
ElementClass<type>::computeShapes(projection, shapes)
AKANTU_BOOST_ALL_ELEMENT_SWITCH(GET_SHAPES_NATURAL);
#undef GET_SHAPES_NATURAL
#define GET_SHAPE_DERIVATIVES_NATURAL(type) \
ElementClass<type>::computeDNDS(projection, shapes_derivatives)
AKANTU_BOOST_ALL_ELEMENT_SWITCH(GET_SHAPE_DERIVATIVES_NATURAL);
#undef GET_SHAPE_DERIVATIVES_NATURAL
Matrix<Real> coords(spatial_dimension, nb_nodes_master);
coordinatesOfElement(el, coords);
tangents.mul<false, true>(shapes_derivatives, coords);
auto temp_tangents = tangents.transpose();
for (UInt i = 0; i < spatial_dimension -1; ++i) {
auto temp = Vector<Real>(temp_tangents(i));
temp_tangents(i) = temp.normalize();
}
tangents = temp_tangents.transpose();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void ContactDetector::normalProjection(const Element & /*el*/, const Vector<Real> & /*slave_coord*/,
Vector<Real> & /*natural_coord*/, Real & /*tolerance*/) {
/*Real fmin;
auto update_fmin = [&fmin, &slave_coord, &node_coords, &natural_coord]() {
Vector<Real> physical_guess_v(physical_guess.storage(), spatial_dimension);
// interpolate on natual coordinate and get physical guess
// compute gradient or jacobian on natural cooordiante
// f = slave_coord - physical_guess;
return fmin;
};
auto closet_point_error = update_fmin();
while (tolerance < closet_point_error) {
// compute gradiend on natural coordinate
// compute second variation of shape function at natural coord
closet_point_error = update_fmin();
}*/
}
} // akantu

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