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aka_array_tmpl.hh
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			/**
			* @file aka_array_tmpl.hh
			*
			* @author Guillaume Anciaux <guillaume.anciaux@epfl.ch>
			* @author Nicolas Richart <nicolas.richart@epfl.ch>
			*
			* @date creation: Thu Jul 15 2010
			* @date last modification: Tue Feb 20 2018
			*
			* @brief Inline functions of the classes Array<T> and ArrayBase
			*
			* @section LICENSE
			*
			* Copyright (©) 2010-2018 EPFL (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne)
			* Laboratory (LSMS - Laboratoire de Simulation en Mécanique des Solides)
			*
			* Akantu is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
			* terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
			* Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
			* later version.
			*
			* Akantu is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
			* WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
			* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more
			* details.
			*
			* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
			* along with Akantu. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
			*
			*/

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/* Inline Functions Array<T> */
			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			#include "aka_array.hh"
			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			#include <memory>
			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

			#ifndef __AKANTU_AKA_ARRAY_TMPL_HH__
			#define __AKANTU_AKA_ARRAY_TMPL_HH__

			namespace akantu {

			namespace debug {
			struct ArrayException : public Exception {};
			} // namespace debug

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::ArrayDataLayer(UInt size,
			UInt nb_component,
			const ID & id)
			: ArrayBase(id) {
			allocate(size, nb_component);
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::ArrayDataLayer(UInt size,
			UInt nb_component,
			const_reference value,
			const ID & id)
			: ArrayBase(id) {
			allocate(size, nb_component, value);
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::ArrayDataLayer(const ArrayDataLayer & vect,
			const ID & id)
			: ArrayBase(vect, id) {
			this->data_storage = vect.data_storage;
			this->size_ = vect.size_;
			this->nb_component = vect.nb_component;
			this->values = this->data_storage.data();
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::ArrayDataLayer(
			const std::vector<value_type> & vect) {
			this->data_storage = vect;
			this->size_ = vect.size();
			this->nb_component = 1;
			this->values = this->data_storage.data();
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait> & ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::
			operator=(const ArrayDataLayer & other) {
			if (this != &other) {
			this->data_storage = other.data_storage;
			this->nb_component = other.nb_component;
			this->size_ = other.size_;
			this->values = this->data_storage.data();
			}
			return *this;
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::ArrayDataLayer(ArrayDataLayer && other) =
			default;

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait> & ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::
			operator=(ArrayDataLayer && other) = default;

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			void ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::allocate(UInt new_size,
			UInt nb_component) {
			this->nb_component = nb_component;
			this->resize(new_size);
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			void ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::allocate(UInt new_size,
			UInt nb_component,
			const T & val) {
			this->nb_component = nb_component;
			this->resize(new_size, val);
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			void ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::resize(UInt new_size) {
			this->data_storage.resize(new_size * this->nb_component);
			this->values = this->data_storage.data();
			this->size_ = new_size;
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			void ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::resize(UInt new_size,
			const T & value) {
			this->data_storage.resize(new_size * this->nb_component, value);
			this->values = this->data_storage.data();
			this->size_ = new_size;
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			void ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::reserve(UInt size, UInt new_size) {
			if (new_size != UInt(-1)) {
			this->data_storage.resize(new_size * this->nb_component);
			}

			this->data_storage.reserve(size * this->nb_component);
			this->values = this->data_storage.data();
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/**
			* append a tuple to the array with the value value for all components
			* @param value the new last tuple or the array will contain nb_component copies
			* of value
			*/
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			inline void ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::push_back(const T & value) {
			this->data_storage.push_back(value);
			this->values = this->data_storage.data();
			this->size_ += 1;
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/**
			* append a matrix or a vector to the array
			* @param new_elem a reference to a Matrix<T> or Vector<T> */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			template <template <typename> class C, typename>
			inline void
			ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::push_back(const C<T> & new_elem) {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT(
			nb_component == new_elem.size(),
			"The vector("
			<< new_elem.size()
			<< ") as not a size compatible with the Array (nb_component="
			<< nb_component << ").");
			for (UInt i = 0; i < new_elem.size(); ++i) {
			this->data_storage.push_back(new_elem[i]);
			}
			this->values = this->data_storage.data();
			this->size_ += 1;
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			inline UInt ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::getAllocatedSize() const {
			return this->data_storage.capacity() / this->nb_component;
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			inline UInt ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::getMemorySize() const {
			return this->data_storage.capacity() * sizeof(T);
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T>
			class ArrayDataLayer<T, ArrayAllocationType::_pod> : public ArrayBase {
			public:
			using value_type = T;
			using reference = value_type &;
			using pointer_type = value_type *;
			using const_reference = const value_type &;

			public:
			virtual ~ArrayDataLayer() { deallocate(); }

			/// Allocation of a new vector
			ArrayDataLayer(UInt size = 0, UInt nb_component = 1, const ID & id = "")
			: ArrayBase(id) {
			allocate(size, nb_component);
			}

			/// Allocation of a new vector with a default value
			ArrayDataLayer(UInt size, UInt nb_component, const_reference value,
			const ID & id = "")
			: ArrayBase(id) {
			allocate(size, nb_component, value);
			}

			/// Copy constructor (deep copy)
			ArrayDataLayer(const ArrayDataLayer & vect, const ID & id = "")
			: ArrayBase(vect, id) {
			allocate(vect.size(), vect.getNbComponent());
			std::copy_n(vect.storage(), this->size_ * this->nb_component, values);
			}

			/// Copy constructor (deep copy)
			explicit ArrayDataLayer(const std::vector<value_type> & vect) {
			allocate(vect.size(), 1);
			std::copy_n(vect.data(), this->size_ * this->nb_component, values);
			}

			// copy operator
			inline ArrayDataLayer & operator=(const ArrayDataLayer & other) {
			if (this != &other) {
			allocate(other.size(), other.getNbComponent());
			std::copy_n(other.storage(), this->size_ * this->nb_component, values);
			}
			return *this;
			}

			// move constructor
			inline ArrayDataLayer(ArrayDataLayer && other) = default;

			// move assign
			inline ArrayDataLayer & operator=(ArrayDataLayer && other) = default;

			protected:
			// deallocate the memory
			virtual void deallocate() { free(this->values); }

			// allocate the memory
			virtual inline void allocate(UInt size, UInt nb_component) {
			if (size != 0) { // malloc can return a non NULL pointer in case size is 0
			this->values =
			static_cast<T >(std::malloc(nb_component size * sizeof(T)));
			}

			if (this->values == nullptr and size != 0) {
			throw std::bad_alloc();
			}
			this->nb_component = nb_component;
			this->allocated_size = this->size_ = size;
			}

			// allocate and initialize the memory
			virtual inline void allocate(UInt size, UInt nb_component, const T & value) {
			allocate(size, nb_component);
			std::fill_n(values, size * nb_component, value);
			}

			public:
			/// append a tuple of size nb_component containing value
			inline void push_back(const_reference value) {
			resize(this->size_ + 1, value);
			}

			/// append a Vector or a Matrix
			template <template <typename> class C,
			typename = std::enable_if_t<aka::is_tensor<C<T>>::value>>
			inline void push_back(const C<T> & new_elem) {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT(
			nb_component == new_elem.size(),
			"The vector("
			<< new_elem.size()
			<< ") as not a size compatible with the Array (nb_component="
			<< nb_component << ").");
			this->resize(this->size_ + 1);
			std::copy_n(new_elem.storage(), new_elem.size(),
			values + this->nb_component * (this->size_ - 1));
			}

			/// changes the allocated size but not the size
			virtual void reserve(UInt size, UInt new_size = UInt(-1)) {
			UInt tmp_size = this->size_;
			if (new_size != UInt(-1))
			tmp_size = new_size;
			this->resize(size);
			this->size_ = std::min(this->size_, tmp_size);
			}

			/// change the size of the Array
			virtual void resize(UInt size) {
			if (size * this->nb_component == 0) {
			free(values);
			values = nullptr;
			this->allocated_size = 0;
			} else {
			if (this->values == nullptr) {
			this->allocate(size, this->nb_component);
			return;
			}

			Int diff = size - allocated_size;
			UInt size_to_allocate = (std::abs(diff) > AKANTU_MIN_ALLOCATION)
			? size
			: (diff > 0)
			? allocated_size + AKANTU_MIN_ALLOCATION
			: allocated_size;

			auto * tmp_ptr = reinterpret_cast<T *>(realloc(
			this->values, size_to_allocate * this->nb_component * sizeof(T)));
			if (tmp_ptr == nullptr) {
			throw std::bad_alloc();
			}

			this->values = tmp_ptr;
			this->allocated_size = size_to_allocate;
			}

			this->size_ = size;
			}

			/// change the size of the Array and initialize the values
			virtual void resize(UInt size, const T & val) {
			UInt tmp_size = this->size_;
			this->resize(size);
			if (size > tmp_size) {
			std::fill_n(values + this->nb_component * tmp_size,
			(size - tmp_size) * this->nb_component, val);
			}
			}

			/// get the amount of space allocated in bytes
			inline UInt getMemorySize() const override final {
			return this->allocated_size * this->nb_component * sizeof(T);
			}

			/// Get the real size allocated in memory
			inline UInt getAllocatedSize() const { return this->allocated_size; }

			/// give the address of the memory allocated for this vector
			T * storage() const { return values; };

			protected:
			/// allocation type agnostic data access
			T * values{nullptr};

			UInt allocated_size{0};
			};
			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/* template <class T> class AllocatorMalloc : public Allocator<T> {
			public:
			T * allocate(UInt size, UInt nb_component) override final {
			auto * ptr = reinterpret_cast<T >(malloc(nb_component size * sizeof(T)));

			if (ptr == nullptr and size != 0) {
			throw std::bad_alloc();
			}
			return ptr;
			}

			void deallocate(T * ptr, UInt size, UInt ,
			UInt nb_component) override final {
			if (ptr) {
			if (not is_scalar<T>::value) {
			for (UInt i = 0; i < size * nb_component; ++i) {
			(ptr + i)->~T();
			}
			}
			free(ptr);
			}
			}

			std::tuple<T *, UInt> resize(UInt new_size, UInt size, UInt allocated_size,
			UInt nb_component, T * ptr) override final {
			UInt size_to_alloc = 0;

			if (not is_scalar<T>::value and (new_size < size)) {
			for (UInt i = new_size * nb_component; i < size * nb_component; ++i) {
			(ptr + i)->~T();
			}
			}

			// free some memory
			if (new_size == 0) {
			free(ptr);
			return std::make_tuple(nullptr, 0);
			}

			if (new_size <= allocated_size) {
			if (allocated_size - new_size > AKANTU_MIN_ALLOCATION) {
			size_to_alloc = new_size;
			} else {
			return std::make_tuple(ptr, allocated_size);
			}
			} else {
			// allocate more memory
			size_to_alloc = (new_size - allocated_size < AKANTU_MIN_ALLOCATION)
			? allocated_size + AKANTU_MIN_ALLOCATION
			: new_size;
			}

			auto * tmp_ptr = reinterpret_cast<T *>(
			realloc(ptr, size_to_alloc * nb_component * sizeof(T)));
			if (tmp_ptr == nullptr) {
			throw std::bad_alloc();
			}

			return std::make_tuple(tmp_ptr, size_to_alloc);
			}
			};
			*/

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			inline auto Array<T, is_scal>::operator()(UInt i, UInt j) -> reference {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT(this->size_ > 0,
			"The array \"" << this->id << "\" is empty");
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT((i < this->size_) && (j < this->nb_component),
			"The value at position ["
			<< i << "," << j << "] is out of range in array \""
			<< this->id << "\"");
			return this->values[i * this->nb_component + j];
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			inline auto Array<T, is_scal>::operator()(UInt i, UInt j) const
			-> const_reference {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT(this->size_ > 0,
			"The array \"" << this->id << "\" is empty");
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT((i < this->size_) && (j < this->nb_component),
			"The value at position ["
			<< i << "," << j << "] is out of range in array \""
			<< this->id << "\"");
			return this->values[i * this->nb_component + j];
			}

			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			inline auto Array<T, is_scal>::operator[](UInt i) -> reference {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT(this->size_ > 0,
			"The array \"" << this->id << "\" is empty");
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT((i < this->size_ * this->nb_component),
			"The value at position ["
			<< i << "] is out of range in array \"" << this->id
			<< "\"");
			return this->values[i];
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			inline auto Array<T, is_scal>::operator[](UInt i) const -> const_reference {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT(this->size_ > 0,
			"The array \"" << this->id << "\" is empty");
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT((i < this->size_ * this->nb_component),
			"The value at position ["
			<< i << "] is out of range in array \"" << this->id
			<< "\"");
			return this->values[i];
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/**
			* erase an element. If the erased element is not the last of the array, the
			* last element is moved into the hole in order to maintain contiguity. This
			* may invalidate existing iterators (For instance an iterator obtained by
			* Array::end() is no longer correct) and will change the order of the
			* elements.
			* @param i index of element to erase
			*/
			template <class T, bool is_scal> inline void Array<T, is_scal>::erase(UInt i) {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT((this->size_ > 0), "The array is empty");
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT((i < this->size_), "The element at position ["
			<< i << "] is out of range (" << i
			<< ">=" << this->size_ << ")");

			if (i != (this->size_ - 1)) {
			for (UInt j = 0; j < this->nb_component; ++j) {
			this->values[i * this->nb_component + j] =
			this->values[(this->size_ - 1) * this->nb_component + j];
			}
			}

			this->resize(this->size_ - 1);
			AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/**
			* Subtract another array entry by entry from this array in place. Both arrays
			* must
			* have the same size and nb_component. If the arrays have different shapes,
			* code compiled in debug mode will throw an expeption and optimised code
			* will behave in an unpredicted manner
			* @param other array to subtract from this
			* @return reference to modified this
			*/
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			Array<T, is_scal> & Array<T, is_scal>::
			operator-=(const Array<T, is_scal> & vect) {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT((this->size_ == vect.size_) &&
			(this->nb_component == vect.nb_component),
			"The too array don't have the same sizes");

			T * a = this->values;
			T * b = vect.storage();
			for (UInt i = 0; i < this->size_ * this->nb_component; ++i) {
			a -= b;
			++a;
			++b;
			}

			return *this;
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/**
			* Add another array entry by entry to this array in place. Both arrays must
			* have the same size and nb_component. If the arrays have different shapes,
			* code compiled in debug mode will throw an expeption and optimised code
			* will behave in an unpredicted manner
			* @param other array to add to this
			* @return reference to modified this
			*/
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			Array<T, is_scal> & Array<T, is_scal>::
			operator+=(const Array<T, is_scal> & vect) {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT((this->size_ == vect.size()) &&
			(this->nb_component == vect.nb_component),
			"The too array don't have the same sizes");

			T * a = this->values;
			T * b = vect.storage();
			for (UInt i = 0; i < this->size_ * this->nb_component; ++i) {
			a++ += b++;
			}

			return *this;
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/**
			* Multiply all entries of this array by a scalar in place
			* @param alpha scalar multiplicant
			* @return reference to modified this
			*/

			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			Array<T, is_scal> & Array<T, is_scal>::operator*=(const T & alpha) {
			T * a = this->values;
			for (UInt i = 0; i < this->size_ * this->nb_component; ++i) {
			a++ = alpha;
			}

			return *this;
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/**
			* Compare this array element by element to another.
			* @param other array to compare to
			* @return true it all element are equal and arrays have the same shape, else
			* false
			*/
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			bool Array<T, is_scal>::operator==(const Array<T, is_scal> & array) const {
			bool equal = this->nb_component == array.nb_component &&
			this->size_ == array.size_ && this->id == array.id;
			if (!equal)
			return false;

			if (this->values == array.storage())
			return true;
			else
			return std::equal(this->values,
			this->values + this->size_ * this->nb_component,
			array.storage());
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			bool Array<T, is_scal>::operator!=(const Array<T, is_scal> & array) const {
			return !operator==(array);
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/**
			* set all tuples of the array to a given vector or matrix
			* @param vm Matrix or Vector to fill the array with
			*/
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <template <typename> class C, typename>
			inline void Array<T, is_scal>::set(const C<T> & vm) {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT(
			this->nb_component == vm.size(),
			"The size of the object does not match the number of components");
			for (T * it = this->values;
			it < this->values + this->nb_component * this->size_;
			it += this->nb_component) {
			std::copy_n(vm.storage(), this->nb_component, it);
			}
			}
			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			void Array<T, is_scal>::append(const Array<T> & other) {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT(
			this->nb_component == other.nb_component,
			"Cannot append an array with a different number of component");
			UInt old_size = this->size_;
			this->resize(this->size_ + other.size());

			T * tmp = this->values + this->nb_component * old_size;
			std::copy_n(other.storage(), other.size() * this->nb_component, tmp);
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/* Functions Array<T, is_scal> */
			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			Array<T, is_scal>::Array(UInt size, UInt nb_component, const ID & id)
			: parent(size, nb_component, id) {}

			template <>
			inline Array<std::string, false>::Array(UInt size, UInt nb_component,
			const ID & id)
			: parent(size, nb_component, "", id) {}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			Array<T, is_scal>::Array(UInt size, UInt nb_component, const_reference value,
			const ID & id)
			: parent(size, nb_component, value, id) {}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			Array<T, is_scal>::Array(const Array & vect, const ID & id)
			: parent(vect, id) {}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			Array<T, is_scal> & Array<T, is_scal>::
			operator=(const Array<T, is_scal> & other) {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_WARNING("You are copying the array "
			<< this->id << " are you sure it is on purpose");

			if (&other == this)
			return *this;

			parent::operator=(other);

			return *this;
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			Array<T, is_scal>::Array(const std::vector<T> & vect) : parent(vect) {}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, bool is_scal> Array<T, is_scal>::~Array() = default;

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/**
			* search elem in the array, return the position of the first occurrence or
			* -1 if not found
			* @param elem the element to look for
			* @return index of the first occurrence of elem or -1 if elem is not present
			*/
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			UInt Array<T, is_scal>::find(const_reference elem) const {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();

			auto begin = this->begin();
			auto end = this->end();
			auto it = std::find(begin, end, elem);

			AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
			return (it != end) ? it - begin : UInt(-1);
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, bool is_scal> UInt Array<T, is_scal>::find(T elem[]) const {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
			T * it = this->values;
			UInt i = 0;
			for (; i < this->size_; ++i) {
			if (*it == elem[0]) {
			T * cit = it;
			UInt c = 0;
			for (; (c < this->nb_component) && (*cit == elem[c]); ++c, ++cit)
			;
			if (c == this->nb_component) {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
			return i;
			}
			}
			it += this->nb_component;
			}
			return UInt(-1);
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <template <typename> class C, typename>
			inline UInt Array<T, is_scal>::find(const C<T> & elem) {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT(elem.size() == this->nb_component,
			"Cannot find an element with a wrong size ("
			<< elem.size() << ") != " << this->nb_component);
			return this->find(elem.storage());
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/**
			* copy the content of another array. This overwrites the current content.
			* @param other Array to copy into this array. It has to have the same
			* nb_component as this. If compiled in debug mode, an incorrect other will
			* result in an exception being thrown. Optimised code may result in
			* unpredicted behaviour.
			*/
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			void Array<T, is_scal>::copy(const Array<T, is_scal> & vect,
			bool no_sanity_check) {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();

			if (!no_sanity_check)
			if (vect.nb_component != this->nb_component)
			AKANTU_ERROR("The two arrays do not have the same number of components");

			this->resize((vect.size_ * vect.nb_component) / this->nb_component);

			std::copy_n(vect.storage(), this->size_ * this->nb_component, this->values);

			AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <bool is_scal> class ArrayPrintHelper {
			public:
			template <typename T>
			static void print_content(const Array<T> & vect, std::ostream & stream,
			int indent) {
			std::string space(indent, AKANTU_INDENT);

			stream << space << " + values : {";
			for (UInt i = 0; i < vect.size(); ++i) {
			stream << "{";
			for (UInt j = 0; j < vect.getNbComponent(); ++j) {
			stream << vect(i, j);
			if (j != vect.getNbComponent() - 1)
			stream << ", ";
			}
			stream << "}";
			if (i != vect.size() - 1)
			stream << ", ";
			}
			stream << "}" << std::endl;
			}
			};

			template <> class ArrayPrintHelper<false> {
			public:
			template <typename T>
			static void print_content(__attribute__((unused)) const Array<T> & vect,
			__attribute__((unused)) std::ostream & stream,
			__attribute__((unused)) int indent) {}
			};

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			void Array<T, is_scal>::printself(std::ostream & stream, int indent) const {
			std::string space(indent, AKANTU_INDENT);

			std::streamsize prec = stream.precision();
			std::ios_base::fmtflags ff = stream.flags();

			stream.setf(std::ios_base::showbase);
			stream.precision(2);

			stream << space << "Array<" << debug::demangle(typeid(T).name()) << "> ["
			<< std::endl;
			stream << space << " + id : " << this->id << std::endl;
			stream << space << " + size : " << this->size_ << std::endl;
			stream << space << " + nb_component : " << this->nb_component << std::endl;
			stream << space << " + allocated size : " << this->getAllocatedSize()
			<< std::endl;
			stream << space
			<< " + memory size : " << printMemorySize<T>(this->getMemorySize())
			<< std::endl;
			if (!AKANTU_DEBUG_LEVEL_IS_TEST())
			stream << space << " + address : " << std::hex << this->values
			<< std::dec << std::endl;

			stream.precision(prec);
			stream.flags(ff);

			if (AKANTU_DEBUG_TEST(dblDump) \|\| AKANTU_DEBUG_LEVEL_IS_TEST()) {
			ArrayPrintHelper<is_scal or std::is_enum<T>::value>::print_content(
			*this, stream, indent);
			}

			stream << space << "]" << std::endl;
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/* Inline Functions ArrayBase */
			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

			inline void ArrayBase::empty() { this->size_ = 0; }

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/* Iterators */
			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <class R, class daughter, class IR, bool is_tensor>
			class Array<T, is_scal>::iterator_internal {
			public:
			using value_type = R;
			using pointer = R *;
			using reference = R &;
			using const_reference = const R &;
			using internal_value_type = IR;
			using internal_pointer = IR *;
			using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
			using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag;
			static_assert(not is_tensor, "Cannot handle tensors");

			public:
			iterator_internal(pointer data = nullptr) : ret(data), initial(data){};
			iterator_internal(const iterator_internal & it) = default;
			iterator_internal(iterator_internal && it) = default;

			virtual ~iterator_internal() = default;

			inline iterator_internal & operator=(const iterator_internal & it) = default;

			UInt getCurrentIndex() { return (this->ret - this->initial); };

			inline reference operator() { return ret; };
			inline const_reference operator() const { return ret; };
			inline pointer operator->() { return ret; };
			inline daughter & operator++() {
			++ret;
			return static_cast<daughter &>(*this);
			};
			inline daughter & operator--() {
			--ret;
			return static_cast<daughter &>(*this);
			};

			inline daughter & operator+=(const UInt n) {
			ret += n;
			return static_cast<daughter &>(*this);
			}
			inline daughter & operator-=(const UInt n) {
			ret -= n;
			return static_cast<daughter &>(*this);
			}

			inline reference operator[](const UInt n) { return ret[n]; }

			inline bool operator==(const iterator_internal & other) const {
			return ret == other.ret;
			}
			inline bool operator!=(const iterator_internal & other) const {
			return ret != other.ret;
			}
			inline bool operator<(const iterator_internal & other) const {
			return ret < other.ret;
			}
			inline bool operator<=(const iterator_internal & other) const {
			return ret <= other.ret;
			}
			inline bool operator>(const iterator_internal & other) const {
			return ret > other.ret;
			}
			inline bool operator>=(const iterator_internal & other) const {
			return ret >= other.ret;
			}

			inline daughter operator-(difference_type n) { return daughter(ret - n); }
			inline daughter operator+(difference_type n) { return daughter(ret + n); }

			inline difference_type operator-(const iterator_internal & b) {
			return ret - b.ret;
			}

			inline pointer data() const { return ret; }

			protected:
			pointer ret{nullptr};
			pointer initial{nullptr};
			};

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/**
			* Specialization for scalar types
			*/
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <class R, class daughter, class IR>
			class Array<T, is_scal>::iterator_internal<R, daughter, IR, true> {
			public:
			using value_type = R;
			using pointer = R *;
			using reference = R &;
			using proxy = typename R::proxy;
			using const_proxy = const typename R::proxy;
			using const_reference = const R &;
			using internal_value_type = IR;
			using internal_pointer = IR *;
			using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
			using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag;

			public:
			iterator_internal() = default;

			iterator_internal(pointer_type data, UInt _offset)
			: _offset(_offset), initial(data), ret(nullptr), ret_ptr(data) {
			AKANTU_ERROR(
			"The constructor should never be called it is just an ugly trick...");
			}

			iterator_internal(std::unique_ptr<internal_value_type> && wrapped)
			: _offset(wrapped->size()), initial(wrapped->storage()),
			ret(std::move(wrapped)), ret_ptr(ret->storage()) {}

			iterator_internal(const iterator_internal & it) {
			if (this != &it) {
			this->_offset = it._offset;
			this->initial = it.initial;
			this->ret_ptr = it.ret_ptr;
			this->ret = std::make_unique<internal_value_type>(*it.ret, false);
			}
			}

			iterator_internal(iterator_internal && it) = default;

			virtual ~iterator_internal() = default;

			inline iterator_internal & operator=(const iterator_internal & it) {
			if (this != &it) {
			this->_offset = it._offset;
			this->initial = it.initial;
			this->ret_ptr = it.ret_ptr;
			if (this->ret)
			this->ret->shallowCopy(*it.ret);
			else
			this->ret = std::make_unique<internal_value_type>(*it.ret, false);
			}
			return *this;
			}

			UInt getCurrentIndex() {
			return (this->ret_ptr - this->initial) / this->_offset;
			};

			inline reference operator*() {
			ret->values = ret_ptr;
			return *ret;
			};
			inline const_reference operator*() const {
			ret->values = ret_ptr;
			return *ret;
			};
			inline pointer operator->() {
			ret->values = ret_ptr;
			return ret.get();
			};
			inline daughter & operator++() {
			ret_ptr += _offset;
			return static_cast<daughter &>(*this);
			};
			inline daughter & operator--() {
			ret_ptr -= _offset;
			return static_cast<daughter &>(*this);
			};

			inline daughter & operator+=(const UInt n) {
			ret_ptr += _offset * n;
			return static_cast<daughter &>(*this);
			}
			inline daughter & operator-=(const UInt n) {
			ret_ptr -= _offset * n;
			return static_cast<daughter &>(*this);
			}

			inline proxy operator[](const UInt n) {
			ret->values = ret_ptr + n * _offset;
			return proxy(*ret);
			}
			inline const_proxy operator[](const UInt n) const {
			ret->values = ret_ptr + n * _offset;
			return const_proxy(*ret);
			}

			inline bool operator==(const iterator_internal & other) const {
			return this->ret_ptr == other.ret_ptr;
			}
			inline bool operator!=(const iterator_internal & other) const {
			return this->ret_ptr != other.ret_ptr;
			}
			inline bool operator<(const iterator_internal & other) const {
			return this->ret_ptr < other.ret_ptr;
			}
			inline bool operator<=(const iterator_internal & other) const {
			return this->ret_ptr <= other.ret_ptr;
			}
			inline bool operator>(const iterator_internal & other) const {
			return this->ret_ptr > other.ret_ptr;
			}
			inline bool operator>=(const iterator_internal & other) const {
			return this->ret_ptr >= other.ret_ptr;
			}

			inline daughter operator+(difference_type n) {
			daughter tmp(static_cast<daughter &>(*this));
			tmp += n;
			return tmp;
			}
			inline daughter operator-(difference_type n) {
			daughter tmp(static_cast<daughter &>(*this));
			tmp -= n;
			return tmp;
			}

			inline difference_type operator-(const iterator_internal & b) {
			return (this->ret_ptr - b.ret_ptr) / _offset;
			}

			inline pointer_type data() const { return ret_ptr; }
			inline difference_type offset() const { return _offset; }

			protected:
			UInt _offset{0};
			pointer_type initial{nullptr};
			std::unique_ptr<internal_value_type> ret{nullptr};
			pointer_type ret_ptr{nullptr};
			};

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/* Iterators */
			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename R>
			class Array<T, is_scal>::const_iterator
			: public iterator_internal<const R, Array<T, is_scal>::const_iterator<R>,
			R> {
			public:
			using parent = iterator_internal<const R, const_iterator, R>;
			using value_type = typename parent::value_type;
			using pointer = typename parent::pointer;
			using reference = typename parent::reference;
			using difference_type = typename parent::difference_type;
			using iterator_category = typename parent::iterator_category;

			public:
			const_iterator() : parent(){};
			// const_iterator(pointer_type data, UInt offset) : parent(data, offset) {}
			// const_iterator(pointer warped) : parent(warped) {}
			// const_iterator(const parent & it) : parent(it) {}

			const_iterator(const const_iterator & it) = default;
			const_iterator(const_iterator && it) = default;

			template <typename P,
			typename = std::enable_if_t<not aka::is_tensor<P>::value>>
			const_iterator(P * data) : parent(data) {}

			template <typename UP_P, typename = std::enable_if_t<aka::is_tensor<
			typename UP_P::element_type>::value>>
			const_iterator(UP_P && tensor) : parent(std::forward<UP_P>(tensor)) {}

			const_iterator & operator=(const const_iterator & it) = default;
			};

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, class R, bool is_tensor_ = aka::is_tensor<R>::value>
			struct ConstConverterIteratorHelper {
			using const_iterator = typename Array<T>::template const_iterator<R>;
			using iterator = typename Array<T>::template iterator<R>;

			static inline const_iterator convert(const iterator & it) {
			return const_iterator(std::unique_ptr<R>(new R(*it, false)));
			}
			};

			template <class T, class R> struct ConstConverterIteratorHelper<T, R, false> {
			using const_iterator = typename Array<T>::template const_iterator<R>;
			using iterator = typename Array<T>::template iterator<R>;
			static inline const_iterator convert(const iterator & it) {
			return const_iterator(it.data());
			}
			};

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename R>
			class Array<T, is_scal>::iterator
			: public iterator_internal<R, Array<T, is_scal>::iterator<R>> {
			public:
			using parent = iterator_internal<R, iterator>;
			using value_type = typename parent::value_type;
			using pointer = typename parent::pointer;
			using reference = typename parent::reference;
			using difference_type = typename parent::difference_type;
			using iterator_category = typename parent::iterator_category;

			public:
			iterator() : parent(){};
			iterator(const iterator & it) = default;
			iterator(iterator && it) = default;

			template <typename P,
			typename = std::enable_if_t<not aka::is_tensor<P>::value>>
			iterator(P * data) : parent(data) {}

			template <typename UP_P, typename = std::enable_if_t<aka::is_tensor<
			typename UP_P::element_type>::value>>
			iterator(UP_P && tensor) : parent(std::forward<UP_P>(tensor)) {}

			iterator & operator=(const iterator & it) = default;

			operator const_iterator<R>() {
			return ConstConverterIteratorHelper<T, R>::convert(*this);
			}
			};

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/* Begin/End functions implementation */
			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			namespace detail {
			template <class Tuple, size_t... Is>
			constexpr auto take_front_impl(Tuple && t, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
			return std::make_tuple(std::get<Is>(std::forward<Tuple>(t))...);
			}

			template <size_t N, class Tuple> constexpr auto take_front(Tuple && t) {
			return take_front_impl(std::forward<Tuple>(t),
			std::make_index_sequence<N>{});
			}

			template <typename... V> constexpr auto product_all(V &&... v) {
			std::common_type_t<int, V...> result = 1;
			(void)std::initializer_list<int>{(result *= v, 0)...};
			return result;
			}

			template <typename... T> std::string to_string_all(T &&... t) {
			if (sizeof...(T) == 0)
			return "";

			std::stringstream ss;
			bool noComma = true;
			ss << "(";
			(void)std::initializer_list<bool>{
			(ss << (noComma ? "" : ", ") << t, noComma = false)...};
			ss << ")";
			return ss.str();
			}

			template <std::size_t N> struct InstantiationHelper {
			template <typename type, typename T, typename... Ns>
			static auto instantiate(T && data, Ns... ns) {
			return std::make_unique<type>(data, ns...);
			}
			};

			template <> struct InstantiationHelper<0> {
			template <typename type, typename T> static auto instantiate(T && data) {
			return data;
			}
			};

			template <typename Arr, typename T, typename... Ns>
			decltype(auto) get_iterator(Arr && array, T * data, Ns &&... ns) {
			using type = IteratorHelper_t<sizeof...(Ns) - 1, T>;
			using array_type = std::decay_t<Arr>;
			using iterator =
			std::conditional_t<std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<Arr>>::value,
			typename array_type::template const_iterator<type>,
			typename array_type::template iterator<type>>;
			static_assert(sizeof...(Ns), "You should provide a least one size");

			if (array.getNbComponent() * array.size() !=
			product_all(std::forward<Ns>(ns)...)) {
			AKANTU_CUSTOM_EXCEPTION_INFO(
			debug::ArrayException(),
			"The iterator on "
			<< debug::demangle(typeid(Arr).name())
			<< to_string_all(array.size(), array.getNbComponent())
			<< "is not compatible with the type "
			<< debug::demangle(typeid(type).name()) << to_string_all(ns...));
			}

			auto && wrapped = aka::apply(
			[&](auto... n) {
			return InstantiationHelper<sizeof...(n)>::template instantiate<type>(
			data, n...);
			},
			take_front<sizeof...(Ns) - 1>(std::make_tuple(ns...)));

			return iterator(std::move(wrapped));
			}
			} // namespace detail

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename... Ns>
			inline decltype(auto) Array<T, is_scal>::begin(Ns &&... ns) {
			return detail::get_iterator(*this, this->values, std::forward<Ns>(ns)...,
			this->size_);
			}

			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename... Ns>
			inline decltype(auto) Array<T, is_scal>::end(Ns &&... ns) {
			return detail::get_iterator(*this,
			this->values + this->nb_component * this->size_,
			std::forward<Ns>(ns)..., this->size_);
			}

			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename... Ns>
			inline decltype(auto) Array<T, is_scal>::begin(Ns &&... ns) const {
			return detail::get_iterator(*this, this->values, std::forward<Ns>(ns)...,
			this->size_);
			}

			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename... Ns>
			inline decltype(auto) Array<T, is_scal>::end(Ns &&... ns) const {
			return detail::get_iterator(*this,
			this->values + this->nb_component * this->size_,
			std::forward<Ns>(ns)..., this->size_);
			}

			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename... Ns>
			inline decltype(auto) Array<T, is_scal>::begin_reinterpret(Ns &&... ns) {
			return detail::get_iterator(*this, this->values, std::forward<Ns>(ns)...);
			}

			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename... Ns>
			inline decltype(auto) Array<T, is_scal>::end_reinterpret(Ns &&... ns) {
			return detail::get_iterator(
			*this, this->values + detail::product_all(std::forward<Ns>(ns)...),
			std::forward<Ns>(ns)...);
			}

			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename... Ns>
			inline decltype(auto) Array<T, is_scal>::begin_reinterpret(Ns &&... ns) const {
			return detail::get_iterator(*this, this->values, std::forward<Ns>(ns)...);
			}

			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename... Ns>
			inline decltype(auto) Array<T, is_scal>::end_reinterpret(Ns &&... ns) const {
			return detail::get_iterator(
			*this, this->values + detail::product_all(std::forward<Ns>(ns)...),
			std::forward<Ns>(ns)...);
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/* Views */
			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			namespace detail {
			template <typename Array, typename... Ns> class ArrayView {
			using tuple = std::tuple<Ns...>;

			public:
			ArrayView(Array && array, Ns... ns)
			: array(array), sizes(std::move(ns)...) {}

			ArrayView(ArrayView && array_view) = default;

			ArrayView & operator=(const ArrayView & array_view) = default;
			ArrayView & operator=(ArrayView && array_view) = default;

			decltype(auto) begin() {
			return aka::apply(
			[&](auto &&... ns) { return array.get().begin_reinterpret(ns...); },
			sizes);
			}

			decltype(auto) begin() const {
			return aka::apply(
			[&](auto &&... ns) { return array.get().begin_reinterpret(ns...); },
			sizes);
			}

			decltype(auto) end() {
			return aka::apply(
			[&](auto &&... ns) { return array.get().end_reinterpret(ns...); },
			sizes);
			}

			decltype(auto) end() const {
			return aka::apply(
			[&](auto &&... ns) { return array.get().end_reinterpret(ns...); },
			sizes);
			}

			decltype(auto) size() const {
			return std::get<std::tuple_size<tuple>::value - 1>(sizes);
			}

			decltype(auto) dims() const { return std::tuple_size<tuple>::value - 1; }

			private:
			std::reference_wrapper<std::remove_reference_t<Array>> array;
			tuple sizes;
			};
			} // namespace detail

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename Array, typename... Ns>
			decltype(auto) make_view(Array && array, Ns... ns) {
			static_assert(aka::conjunction<std::is_integral<std::decay_t<Ns>>...>::value,
			"Ns should be integral types");
			auto size = std::forward<decltype(array)>(array).size() *
			std::forward<decltype(array)>(array).getNbComponent() /
			detail::product_all(ns...);

			return detail::ArrayView<Array, std::common_type_t<size_t, Ns>...,
			std::common_type_t<size_t, decltype(size)>>(
			std::forward<Array>(array), std::move(ns)..., size);
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename R>
			inline typename Array<T, is_scal>::template iterator<R>
			Array<T, is_scal>::erase(const iterator<R> & it) {
			T * curr = it.data();
			UInt pos = (curr - this->values) / this->nb_component;
			erase(pos);
			iterator<R> rit = it;
			return --rit;
			}

			} // namespace akantu

			#endif /* __AKANTU_AKA_ARRAY_TMPL_HH__ */

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