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aka_array_tmpl.hh
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			/**
			* Copyright (©) 2010-2023 EPFL (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne)
			* Laboratory (LSMS - Laboratoire de Simulation en Mécanique des Solides)
			*
			* This file is part of Akantu
			*
			* Akantu is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
			* terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
			* Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
			* later version.
			*
			* Akantu is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
			* WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
			* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more
			* details.
			*
			* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
			* along with Akantu. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
			*/

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/* Inline Functions Array<T> */
			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			#include "aka_array.hh" // NOLINT
			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			#include <algorithm>
			#include <memory>
			#include <type_traits>
			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			//#ifndef __AKANTU_AKA_ARRAY_TMPL_HH__
			//#define __AKANTU_AKA_ARRAY_TMPL_HH__
			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

			namespace akantu {

			namespace debug {
			struct ArrayException : public Exception {};
			} // namespace debug

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::ArrayDataLayer(Int size, Int nb_component,
			const ID & id)
			: ArrayBase(id) {
			allocate(size, nb_component);
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::ArrayDataLayer(Int size, Int nb_component,
			const_reference value,
			const ID & id)
			: ArrayBase(id) {
			allocate(size, nb_component, value);
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::ArrayDataLayer(const ArrayDataLayer & vect,
			const ID & id)
			: ArrayBase(vect, id) {
			this->data_storage = vect.data_storage;
			this->size_ = vect.size_;
			this->nb_component = vect.nb_component;
			this->values = this->data_storage.data();
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::ArrayDataLayer(
			const std::vector<value_type> & vect) {
			this->data_storage = vect;
			this->size_ = vect.size();
			this->nb_component = 1;
			this->values = this->data_storage.data();
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait> &
			ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::operator=(const ArrayDataLayer & other) {
			if (this != &other) {
			this->data_storage = other.data_storage;
			this->nb_component = other.nb_component;
			this->size_ = other.size_;
			this->values = this->data_storage.data();
			}
			return *this;
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			void ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::allocate(Int new_size,
			Int nb_component) {
			this->nb_component = nb_component;
			this->resize(new_size);
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			void ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::allocate(Int new_size,
			Int nb_component,
			const T & val) {
			this->nb_component = nb_component;
			this->resize(new_size, val);
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			void ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::resize(Int new_size) {
			this->data_storage.resize(new_size * this->nb_component);
			this->values = this->data_storage.data();
			this->size_ = new_size;
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			void ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::resize(Int new_size,
			const T & value) {
			this->data_storage.resize(new_size * this->nb_component, value);
			this->values = this->data_storage.data();
			this->size_ = new_size;
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			void ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::reserve(Int size, Int new_size) {
			if (new_size != -1) {
			this->data_storage.resize(new_size * this->nb_component);
			}

			this->data_storage.reserve(size * this->nb_component);
			this->values = this->data_storage.data();
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/**
			* append a tuple to the array with the value value for all components
			* @param value the new last tuple or the array will contain nb_component copies
			* of value
			*/
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			inline void ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::push_back(const T & value) {
			this->data_storage.push_back(value);
			this->values = this->data_storage.data();
			this->size_ += 1;
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/**
			* append a matrix or a vector to the array
			* @param new_elem a reference to a Matrix<T> or Vector<T> */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			template <typename Derived>
			inline void ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::push_back(
			const Eigen::MatrixBase<Derived> & new_elem) {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT(
			nb_component == new_elem.size(),
			"The vector("
			<< new_elem.size()
			<< ") as not a size compatible with the Array (nb_component="
			<< nb_component << ").");
			for (Idx i = 0; i < new_elem.size(); ++i) {
			this->data_storage.push_back(new_elem.array()[i]);
			}
			this->values = this->data_storage.data();
			this->size_ += 1;
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			inline Int ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::getAllocatedSize() const {
			return this->data_storage.capacity() / this->nb_component;
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, ArrayAllocationType allocation_trait>
			inline Int ArrayDataLayer<T, allocation_trait>::getMemorySize() const {
			return this->data_storage.capacity() * sizeof(T);
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T>
			class ArrayDataLayer<T, ArrayAllocationType::_pod> : public ArrayBase {
			public:
			using value_type = T;
			using reference = value_type &;
			using pointer_type = value_type *;
			using size_type = typename ArrayBase::size_type;
			using const_reference = const value_type &;

			public:
			~ArrayDataLayer() override { deallocate(); }

			/// Allocation of a new vector
			ArrayDataLayer(Int size = 0, Int nb_component = 1, const ID & id = "")
			: ArrayBase(id) {
			allocate(size, nb_component);
			}

			/// Allocation of a new vector with a default value
			ArrayDataLayer(Int size, Int nb_component, const_reference value,
			const ID & id = "")
			: ArrayBase(id) {
			allocate(size, nb_component, value);
			}

			/// Copy constructor (deep copy)
			ArrayDataLayer(const ArrayDataLayer & vect, const ID & id = "")
			: ArrayBase(vect, id) {
			allocate(vect.size(), vect.getNbComponent());
			std::copy_n(vect.data(), this->size_ * this->nb_component, values);
			}

			/// Copy constructor (deep copy)
			explicit ArrayDataLayer(const std::vector<value_type> & vect) {
			allocate(vect.size(), 1);
			std::copy_n(vect.data(), this->size_ * this->nb_component, values);
			}

			// copy operator
			inline ArrayDataLayer & operator=(const ArrayDataLayer & other) {
			if (this != &other) {
			allocate(other.size(), other.getNbComponent());
			std::copy_n(other.data(), this->size_ * this->nb_component, values);
			}
			return *this;
			}

			// move constructor
			inline ArrayDataLayer(ArrayDataLayer && other) noexcept = default;

			// move assign
			inline ArrayDataLayer & operator=(ArrayDataLayer && other) noexcept = default;

			protected:
			// deallocate the memory
			virtual void deallocate() {
			// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory,
			// cppcoreguidelines-no-malloc)
			free(this->values);
			}

			// allocate the memory
			virtual inline void allocate(Int size, Int nb_component) {
			if (size != 0) { // malloc can return a non NULL pointer in case size is 0
			this->values = static_cast<T *>( // NOLINT
			std::malloc(nb_component * size * sizeof(T))); // NOLINT
			}

			if (this->values == nullptr and size != 0) {
			throw std::bad_alloc();
			}
			this->nb_component = nb_component;
			this->allocated_size = this->size_ = size;
			}

			// allocate and initialize the memory
			virtual inline void allocate(Int size, Int nb_component, const T & value) {
			allocate(size, nb_component);
			std::fill_n(values, size * nb_component, value);
			}

			public:
			/// append a tuple of size nb_component containing value
			inline void push_back(const_reference value) {
			resize(this->size_ + 1, value);
			}

			/// append a Vector or a Matrix
			template <typename Derived>
			inline void push_back(const Eigen::MatrixBase<Derived> & new_elem) {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT(
			nb_component == new_elem.size(),
			"The vector("
			<< new_elem.size()
			<< ") as not a size compatible with the Array (nb_component="
			<< nb_component << ").");
			this->resize(this->size_ + 1);
			make_view(*this, new_elem.rows(), new_elem.cols())
			.begin()[this->size_ - 1] = new_elem;
			}

			/// changes the allocated size but not the size
			virtual void reserve(Int size, Int new_size = Int(-1)) {
			auto tmp_size = this->size_;
			if (new_size != Int(-1)) {
			tmp_size = new_size;
			}

			this->resize(size);
			this->size_ = std::min(this->size_, tmp_size);
			}

			/// change the size of the Array
			virtual void resize(Int size) {
			if (size * this->nb_component == 0) {
			free(values); // NOLINT: cppcoreguidelines-no-malloc
			values = nullptr;
			this->allocated_size = 0;
			} else {
			if (this->values == nullptr) {
			this->allocate(size, this->nb_component);
			return;
			}

			Int diff = size - allocated_size;
			Int size_to_allocate = (std::abs(diff) > AKANTU_MIN_ALLOCATION) ? size
			: (diff > 0)
			? allocated_size + AKANTU_MIN_ALLOCATION
			: allocated_size;

			if (size_to_allocate ==
			allocated_size) { // otherwhy the reserve + push_back might fail...
			this->size_ = size;
			return;
			}

			auto * tmp_ptr = reinterpret_cast<T *>( // NOLINT
			realloc(this->values,
			size_to_allocate * this->nb_component * sizeof(T)));

			if (tmp_ptr == nullptr) {
			throw std::bad_alloc();
			}

			this->values = tmp_ptr;
			this->allocated_size = size_to_allocate;
			}

			this->size_ = size;
			}

			/// change the size of the Array and initialize the values
			virtual void resize(Int size, const T & val) {
			Int tmp_size = this->size_;
			this->resize(size);
			if (size > tmp_size) {
			// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic)
			std::fill_n(values + this->nb_component * tmp_size,
			(size - tmp_size) * this->nb_component, val);
			}
			}

			/// get the amount of space allocated in bytes
			inline size_type getMemorySize() const final {
			return this->allocated_size * this->nb_component * sizeof(T);
			}

			/// Get the real size allocated in memory
			inline Int getAllocatedSize() const { return this->allocated_size; }

			/// give the address of the memory allocated for this vector
			[[deprecated("use data instead to be stl compatible")]] T * storage() const {
			return values;
			};

			const T * data() const { return values; };
			T * data() { return values; };

			protected:
			/// allocation type agnostic data access
			T * values{nullptr};

			Int allocated_size{0};
			};

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			inline auto Array<T, is_scal>::operator()(Int i, Int j) -> reference {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT(this->size_ > 0,
			"The array \"" << this->id << "\" is empty");
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT((i < this->size_) && (j < this->nb_component),
			"The value at position ["
			<< i << "," << j << "] is out of range in array \""
			<< this->id << "\"");
			return this->values[i * this->nb_component + j];
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			inline auto Array<T, is_scal>::operator()(Int i, Int j) const
			-> const_reference {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT(this->size_ > 0,
			"The array \"" << this->id << "\" is empty");
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT((i < this->size_) && (j < this->nb_component),
			"The value at position ["
			<< i << "," << j << "] is out of range in array \""
			<< this->id << "\"");
			// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic)
			return this->values[i * this->nb_component + j];
			}

			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			inline auto Array<T, is_scal>::operator[](Int i) -> reference {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT(this->size_ > 0,
			"The array \"" << this->id << "\" is empty");
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT((i < this->size_ * this->nb_component),
			"The value at position ["
			<< i << "] is out of range in array \"" << this->id
			<< "\"");
			return this->values[i];
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			inline auto Array<T, is_scal>::operator[](Int i) const -> const_reference {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT(this->size_ > 0,
			"The array \"" << this->id << "\" is empty");
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT((i < this->size_ * this->nb_component),
			"The value at position ["
			<< i << "] is out of range in array \"" << this->id
			<< "\"");
			return this->values[i];
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/**
			* erase an element. If the erased element is not the last of the array, the
			* last element is moved into the hole in order to maintain contiguity. This
			* may invalidate existing iterators (For instance an iterator obtained by
			* Array::end() is no longer correct) and will change the order of the
			* elements.
			* @param i index of element to erase
			*/
			template <class T, bool is_scal> inline void Array<T, is_scal>::erase(Idx i) {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT((this->size_ > 0), "The array is empty");
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT((i < this->size_), "The element at position ["
			<< i << "] is out of range (" << i
			<< ">=" << this->size_ << ")");

			if (i != (this->size_ - 1)) {
			for (Idx j = 0; j < this->nb_component; ++j) {
			this->values[i * this->nb_component + j] =
			this->values[(this->size_ - 1) * this->nb_component + j];
			}
			}

			this->resize(this->size_ - 1);
			}

			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename R>
			inline auto Array<T, is_scal>::erase(const view_iterator<R> & it) {
			auto && curr = it.data();
			Idx pos = (curr - this->values) / this->nb_component;
			erase(pos);
			view_iterator<R> rit = it;
			return --rit;
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/**
			* Subtract another array entry by entry from this array in place. Both arrays
			* must
			* have the same size and nb_component. If the arrays have different shapes,
			* code compiled in debug mode will throw an expeption and optimised code
			* will behave in an unpredicted manner
			* @param other array to subtract from this
			* @return reference to modified this
			*/
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			Array<T, is_scal> &
			Array<T, is_scal>::operator-=(const Array<T, is_scal> & vect) {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT((this->size_ == vect.size_) &&
			(this->nb_component == vect.nb_component),
			"The too array don't have the same sizes");

			T * a = this->values;
			const T * b = vect.data();
			for (Idx i = 0; i < this->size_ * this->nb_component; ++i) {
			a -= b;
			++a;
			++b;
			}

			return *this;
			}

			/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
			*/
			/**
			* Add another array entry by entry to this array in
			* place. Both arrays must have the same size and
			* nb_component. If the arrays have different shapes, code
			* compiled in debug mode will throw an expeption and
			* optimised code will behave in an unpredicted manner
			* @param other array to add to this
			* @return reference to modified this
			*/
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			Array<T, is_scal> &
			Array<T, is_scal>::operator+=(const Array<T, is_scal> & vect) {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT((this->size_ == vect.size()) &&
			(this->nb_component == vect.nb_component),
			"The too array don't have the same sizes");

			T * a = this->values;
			const T * b = vect.data();
			for (Idx i = 0; i < this->size_ * this->nb_component; ++i) {
			a++ += b++;
			}

			return *this;
			}

			/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
			*/
			/**
			* Multiply all entries of this array by a scalar in place
			* @param alpha scalar multiplicant
			* @return reference to modified this
			*/

			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			auto Array<T, is_scal>::operator*=(const T & alpha) -> Array & {
			T * a = this->values;
			for (Idx i = 0; i < this->size_ * this->nb_component; ++i) {
			a++ = alpha;
			}

			return *this;
			}

			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/**
			* Compare this array element by element to another.
			* @param other array to compare to
			* @return true it all element are equal and arrays have
			* the same shape, else false
			*/
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			bool Array<T, is_scal>::operator==(const Array & other) const {
			bool equal = this->nb_component == other.nb_component &&
			this->size_ == other.size_ && this->id == other.id;
			if (not equal) {
			return false;
			}

			if (this->values == other.data()) {
			return true;
			}

			return std::equal(this->values,
			this->values + this->size_ * this->nb_component,
			other.data());
			}

			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			bool Array<T, is_scal>::operator!=(const Array<T, is_scal> & other) const {
			return !operator==(other);
			}

			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			/**
			* set all tuples of the array to a given vector or matrix
			* @param vm Matrix or Vector to fill the array with
			*/
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename C, std::enable_if_t<aka::is_tensor<C>::value> *>
			inline void Array<T, is_scal>::set(const C & elem) {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT(
			this->nb_component == elem.array().size(),
			"The size of the object does not match the number of components");
			for (auto && v : make_view(*this, this->nb_component)) {
			std::copy_n(elem.data(), this->nb_component, v.data());
			}
			}

			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			void Array<T, is_scal>::append(const Array & other) {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT(
			this->nb_component == other.nb_component,
			"Cannot append an array with a different number of component");
			Idx old_size = this->size_;
			this->resize(this->size_ + other.size());

			T * tmp = this->values + this->nb_component * old_size;
			std::copy_n(other.data(), other.size() * this->nb_component, tmp);
			}

			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			/* Functions Array<T, is_scal> */
			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			Array<T, is_scal>::Array(Int size, Int nb_component, const ID & id)
			: parent(size, nb_component, id) {}

			template <>
			inline Array<std::string, false>::Array(Int size, Int nb_component,
			const ID & id)
			: parent(size, nb_component, "", id) {}

			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			Array<T, is_scal>::Array(Int size, Int nb_component, const_reference value,
			const ID & id)
			: parent(size, nb_component, value, id) {}

			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			Array<T, is_scal>::Array(const Array & vect, const ID & id)
			: parent(vect, id) {}

			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			auto Array<T, is_scal>::operator=(const Array & other) -> Array & {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_WARNING("You are copying the array "
			<< this->id << " are you sure it is on purpose");
			if (&other == this) {
			return *this;
			}

			parent::operator=(other);
			return *this;
			}

			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			Array<T, is_scal>::Array(const std::vector<T> & vect) : parent(vect) {}

			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			template <class T, bool is_scal> Array<T, is_scal>::~Array() = default;

			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			/**
			* search elem in the array, return the position of the
			* first occurrence or -1 if not found
			* @param elem the element to look for
			* @return index of the first occurrence of elem or -1 if
			* elem is not present
			*/
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			Idx Array<T, is_scal>::find(const_reference elem) const {
			auto begin = this->begin();
			auto end = this->end();
			auto it = std::find(begin, end, elem);

			return (it != end) ? it - begin : Idx(-1);
			}

			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename V, std::enable_if_t<aka::is_tensor<V>::value> *>
			inline Idx Array<T, is_scal>::find(const V & elem) {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT(elem.size() == this->nb_component,
			"Cannot find an element with a wrong size ("
			<< elem.size() << ") != " << this->nb_component);
			auto && view = make_view(*this, elem.size());

			auto begin = view.begin();
			auto end = view.end();
			auto it = std::find(begin, end, elem);

			return (it != end) ? it - begin : Idx(-1);
			}

			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			/**
			* copy the content of another array. This overwrites the
			* current content.
			* @param other Array to copy into this array. It has to
			* have the same nb_component as this. If compiled in
			* debug mode, an incorrect other will result in an
			* exception being thrown. Optimised code may result in
			* unpredicted behaviour.
			* @param no_sanity_check turns off all checkes
			*/
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			void Array<T, is_scal>::copy(const Array<T, is_scal> & other,
			bool no_sanity_check) {
			if (not no_sanity_check and (other.nb_component != this->nb_component)) {
			AKANTU_ERROR("The two arrays do not have the same "
			"number of components");
			}

			this->resize((other.size_ * other.nb_component) / this->nb_component);

			std::copy_n(other.data(), this->size_ * this->nb_component, this->values);
			}

			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			template <bool is_scal> class ArrayPrintHelper {
			public:
			template <typename T>
			static void print_content(const Array<T> & vect, std::ostream & stream,
			int indent) {
			std::string space(indent, AKANTU_INDENT);

			stream << space << " + values : {";
			for (Idx i = 0; i < vect.size(); ++i) {
			stream << "{";
			for (Idx j = 0; j < vect.getNbComponent(); ++j) {
			stream << vect(i, j);
			if (j != vect.getNbComponent() - 1) {
			stream << ", ";
			}
			}
			stream << "}";
			if (i != vect.size() - 1) {
			stream << ", ";
			}
			}
			stream << "}" << std::endl;
			}
			};

			template <> class ArrayPrintHelper<false> {
			public:
			template <typename T>
			static void print_content(__attribute__((unused)) const Array<T> & vect,
			__attribute__((unused)) std::ostream & stream,
			__attribute__((unused)) int indent) {}
			};

			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			void Array<T, is_scal>::printself(std::ostream & stream, int indent) const {
			std::string space(indent, AKANTU_INDENT);

			std::streamsize prec = stream.precision();
			std::ios_base::fmtflags ff = stream.flags();

			stream.setf(std::ios_base::showbase);
			stream.precision(2);

			stream << space << "Array<" << debug::demangle(typeid(T).name()) << "> ["
			<< std::endl;
			stream << space << " + id : " << this->id << std::endl;
			stream << space << " + size : " << this->size_ << std::endl;
			stream << space << " + nb_component : " << this->nb_component << std::endl;
			stream << space << " + allocated size : " << this->getAllocatedSize()
			<< std::endl;
			stream << space
			<< " + memory size : " << printMemorySize<T>(this->getMemorySize())
			<< std::endl;
			if (not AKANTU_DEBUG_LEVEL_IS_TEST()) {
			stream << space << " + address : " << std::hex << this->values
			<< std::dec << std::endl;
			}

			stream.precision(prec);
			stream.flags(ff);

			if (AKANTU_DEBUG_TEST(dblDump) \|\| AKANTU_DEBUG_LEVEL_IS_TEST()) {
			ArrayPrintHelper<is_scal or std::is_enum<T>::value>::print_content(
			*this, stream, indent);
			}

			stream << space << "]" << std::endl;
			}

			/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename OT, std::enable_if_t<std::is_arithmetic<OT>::value> *>
			bool Array<T, is_scal>::isFinite() const noexcept {
			return std::all_of(this->values,
			this->values + this->size_ * this->nb_component,
			[](auto && a) { return std::isfinite(a); });
			}

			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			/* ArrayFilter */
			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			template <typename T> class ArrayFilter {
			public:
			/// const iterator
			template <class original_iterator, typename filter_iterator>
			class const_iterator {
			public:
			Idx getCurrentIndex() {
			return (this->filter_it this->nb_item_per_elem +
			this->sub_element_counter);
			}

			inline const_iterator() = default;
			inline const_iterator(original_iterator origin_it,
			filter_iterator filter_it, Int nb_item_per_elem)
			: origin_it(std::move(origin_it)), filter_it(std::move(filter_it)),
			nb_item_per_elem(nb_item_per_elem), sub_element_counter(0){};

			inline bool operator!=(const_iterator & other) const {
			return !((*this) == other);
			}
			inline bool operator==(const_iterator & other) const {
			return (this->origin_it == other.origin_it &&
			this->filter_it == other.filter_it &&
			this->sub_element_counter == other.sub_element_counter);
			}

			inline bool operator!=(const const_iterator & other) const {
			return !((*this) == other);
			}
			inline bool operator==(const const_iterator & other) const {
			return (this->origin_it == other.origin_it &&
			this->filter_it == other.filter_it &&
			this->sub_element_counter == other.sub_element_counter);
			}

			inline const_iterator & operator++() {
			++sub_element_counter;
			if (sub_element_counter == nb_item_per_elem) {
			sub_element_counter = 0;
			++filter_it;
			}
			return *this;
			};

			inline decltype(auto) operator*() {
			return origin_it[nb_item_per_elem * (*filter_it) + sub_element_counter];
			};

			private:
			original_iterator origin_it;
			filter_iterator filter_it;
			/// the number of item per element
			Int nb_item_per_elem;
			/// counter for every sub element group
			Int sub_element_counter;
			};

			using vector_iterator = void; // iterator<Vector<T>>;
			using array_type = Array<T>;
			using const_vector_iterator =
			const_iterator<typename array_type::const_vector_iterator,
			Array<Idx>::const_scalar_iterator>;
			using value_type = typename array_type::value_type;

			private:
			/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/* Constructors/Destructors */
			/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			public:
			ArrayFilter(const Array<T> & array, const Array<Idx> & filter,
			Int nb_item_per_elem)
			: array(array), filter(filter), nb_item_per_elem(nb_item_per_elem){};

			decltype(auto) begin_reinterpret(Int n, Int new_size) const {
			Int new_nb_item_per_elem = this->nb_item_per_elem;
			if (new_size != 0 && n != 0)
			new_nb_item_per_elem = this->array.getNbComponent() *
			this->filter.size() * this->nb_item_per_elem /
			(n * new_size);

			return const_vector_iterator(make_view(this->array, n).begin(),
			this->filter.begin(), new_nb_item_per_elem);
			};

			decltype(auto) end_reinterpret(Int n, Int new_size) const {
			Int new_nb_item_per_elem = this->nb_item_per_elem;
			if (new_size != 0 && n != 0)
			new_nb_item_per_elem = this->array.getNbComponent() *
			this->filter.size() * this->nb_item_per_elem /
			(n * new_size);

			return const_vector_iterator(make_view(this->array, n).begin(),
			this->filter.end(), new_nb_item_per_elem);
			};

			// vector_iterator begin_reinterpret(Int, Int) { throw; };
			// vector_iterator end_reinterpret(Int, Int) { throw; };

			/// return the size of the filtered array which is the filter size
			Int size() const { return this->filter.size() * this->nb_item_per_elem; };
			/// the number of components of the filtered array
			Int getNbComponent() const { return this->array.getNbComponent(); };

			/// tells if the container is empty
			[[nodiscard]] bool empty() const { return (size() == 0); }
			/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			/* Class Members */
			/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			private:
			/// reference to array of data
			const Array<T> & array;
			/// reference to the filter used to select elements
			const Array<Idx> & filter;
			/// the number of item per element
			Int nb_item_per_elem;
			};

			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			/* Begin/End functions implementation */
			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			namespace detail {
			template <class C> struct GetNbComponent {
			static auto getNbComponent(const C & /cont/) { return 1; }
			};

			template <typename T> struct GetNbComponent<Array<T>> {
			static auto getNbComponent(const Array<T> & cont) {
			return cont.getNbComponent();
			}
			};

			template <class Tuple, size_t... Is>
			constexpr auto take_front_impl(Tuple && t,
			std::index_sequence<Is...> /idxs/) {
			return std::make_tuple(std::get<Is>(std::forward<Tuple>(t))...);
			}

			template <size_t N, class Tuple> constexpr auto take_front(Tuple && t) {
			return take_front_impl(std::forward<Tuple>(t),
			std::make_index_sequence<N>{});
			}

			template <typename... T> std::string to_string_all(T &&... t) {
			if (sizeof...(T) == 0) {
			return "";
			}

			std::stringstream ss;
			bool noComma = true;
			ss << "(";
			(void)std::initializer_list<bool>{
			(ss << (noComma ? "" : ", ") << t, noComma = false)...};
			ss << ")";
			return ss.str();
			}

			template <std::size_t N> struct InstantiationHelper {
			template <typename type, typename T, typename... Ns>
			static auto instantiate(T && data, Ns... ns) {
			return std::make_unique<type>(data, ns...);
			}
			};

			template <> struct InstantiationHelper<0> {
			template <typename type, typename T> static auto instantiate(T && data) {
			return data;
			}
			};

			template <typename Arr, typename T, typename... Ns>
			decltype(auto) __attribute__((visibility("hidden")))
			get_iterator(Arr && array, T * data, Ns &&... ns) {
			const bool is_const_arr =
			std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<Arr>>::value;
			using type = ViewIteratorHelper_t<sizeof...(Ns) - 1, T>;
			using iterator = std::conditional_t<is_const_arr, const_view_iterator<type>,
			view_iterator<type>>;
			static_assert(sizeof...(Ns), "You should provide a least one size");

			auto product = Idx(product_all(std::forward<Ns>(ns)...));
			auto nb_component = array.getNbComponent();
			// detail::GetNbComponent<std::decay_t<Arr>>::getNbComponent(
			// std::forward<decltype(array)>(array));
			if (nb_component * array.size() != product) {
			AKANTU_CUSTOM_EXCEPTION_INFO(
			debug::ArrayException(),
			"The iterator on " << debug::demangle(typeid(Arr).name())
			<< to_string_all(array.size(), nb_component)
			<< "is not compatible with the type "
			<< debug::demangle(typeid(type).name()) << " "
			<< to_string_all(ns...));
			}

			return std::apply([&](auto... n) { return iterator(data, n...); },
			take_front<sizeof...(Ns) - 1>(std::make_tuple(ns...)));
			}
			} // namespace detail

			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename... Ns>
			inline auto Array<T, is_scal>::begin(Ns &&... ns) {
			return detail::get_iterator(*this, this->data(), std::forward<Ns>(ns)...,
			this->size_);
			}

			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename... Ns>
			inline auto Array<T, is_scal>::end(Ns &&... ns) {
			return detail::get_iterator(*this,
			this->data() + this->nb_component * this->size_,
			std::forward<Ns>(ns)..., this->size_);
			}

			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename... Ns>
			inline auto Array<T, is_scal>::begin(Ns &&... ns) const {
			return detail::get_iterator(*this, this->data(), std::forward<Ns>(ns)...,
			this->size_);
			}

			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename... Ns>
			inline auto Array<T, is_scal>::end(Ns &&... ns) const {
			return detail::get_iterator(*this,
			this->data() + this->nb_component * this->size_,
			std::forward<Ns>(ns)..., this->size_);
			}

			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename... Ns>
			inline auto Array<T, is_scal>::cbegin(Ns &&... ns) const {
			return detail::get_iterator(*this, this->data(), std::forward<Ns>(ns)...,
			this->size_);
			}

			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename... Ns>
			inline auto Array<T, is_scal>::cend(Ns &&... ns) const {
			return detail::get_iterator(*this,
			this->data() + this->nb_component * this->size_,
			std::forward<Ns>(ns)..., this->size_);
			}

			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename... Ns>
			inline auto Array<T, is_scal>::begin_reinterpret(Ns &&... ns) {
			return detail::get_iterator(*this, this->data(), std::forward<Ns>(ns)...);
			}

			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename... Ns>
			inline auto Array<T, is_scal>::end_reinterpret(Ns &&... ns) {
			return detail::get_iterator(
			*this, this->data() + detail::product_all(std::forward<Ns>(ns)...),
			std::forward<Ns>(ns)...);
			}

			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename... Ns>
			inline auto Array<T, is_scal>::begin_reinterpret(Ns &&... ns) const {
			return detail::get_iterator(*this, this->data(), std::forward<Ns>(ns)...);
			}

			template <class T, bool is_scal>
			template <typename... Ns>
			inline auto Array<T, is_scal>::end_reinterpret(Ns &&... ns) const {
			return detail::get_iterator(
			*this, this->data() + detail::product_all(std::forward<Ns>(ns)...),
			std::forward<Ns>(ns)...);
			}

			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			/* Views */
			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			namespace detail {
			template <typename Array, typename... Ns> class ArrayView {
			using tuple = std::tuple<Ns...>;

			public:
			using size_type = Idx;
			using pointer = decltype(std::declval<Array>().data());

			~ArrayView() = default;
			constexpr ArrayView(Array && array, Ns... ns) noexcept
			: array(array), sizes(std::move(ns)...) {}

			constexpr ArrayView(const ArrayView & array_view) = default;
			constexpr ArrayView(ArrayView && array_view) noexcept = default;

			constexpr ArrayView & operator=(const ArrayView & array_view) = default;
			constexpr ArrayView & operator=(ArrayView && array_view) noexcept = default;

			auto begin() {
			return std::apply(
			[&](auto &&... ns) {
			return detail::get_iterator(array.get(), array.get().data(),
			std::forward<decltype(ns)>(ns)...);
			},
			sizes);
			}

			auto begin() const {
			return std::apply(
			[&](auto &&... ns) {
			return detail::get_iterator(array.get(), array.get().data(),
			std::forward<decltype(ns)>(ns)...);
			},
			sizes);
			}

			auto end() {
			return std::apply(
			[&](auto &&... ns) {
			return detail::get_iterator(
			array.get(),
			array.get().data() +
			detail::product_all(std::forward<decltype(ns)>(ns)...),
			std::forward<decltype(ns)>(ns)...);
			},
			sizes);
			}

			auto end() const {
			return std::apply(
			[&](auto &&... ns) {
			return detail::get_iterator(
			array.get(),
			array.get().data() +
			detail::product_all(std::forward<decltype(ns)>(ns)...),
			std::forward<decltype(ns)>(ns)...);
			},
			sizes);
			}

			auto cbegin() const { return this->begin(); }
			auto cend() const { return this->end(); }

			constexpr auto size() const {
			return std::get<std::tuple_size<tuple>::value - 1>(sizes);
			}

			constexpr auto dims() const { return std::tuple_size<tuple>::value - 1; }

			private:
			std::reference_wrapper<std::remove_reference_t<Array>> array;
			tuple sizes;
			};

			/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
			template <typename T, typename... Ns>
			class ArrayView<const ArrayFilter<T> &, Ns...> {
			using tuple = std::tuple<Ns...>;

			public:
			constexpr ArrayView(const ArrayFilter<T> & array, Ns... ns)
			: array(array), sizes(std::move(ns)...) {}

			constexpr ArrayView(const ArrayView & array_view) = default;
			constexpr ArrayView(ArrayView && array_view) = default;

			constexpr ArrayView & operator=(const ArrayView & array_view) = default;
			constexpr ArrayView & operator=(ArrayView && array_view) = default;

			auto begin() const {
			return std::apply(
			[&](auto &&... ns) {
			return array.get().begin_reinterpret(
			std::forward<decltype(ns)>(ns)...);
			},
			sizes);
			}

			auto end() const {
			return std::apply(
			[&](auto &&... ns) {
			return array.get().end_reinterpret(
			std::forward<decltype(ns)>(ns)...);
			},
			sizes);
			}

			auto cbegin() const { return this->begin(); }
			auto cend() const { return this->end(); }

			constexpr auto size() const {
			return std::get<std::tuple_size<tuple>::value - 1>(sizes);
			}

			constexpr auto dims() const { return std::tuple_size<tuple>::value - 1; }

			private:
			std::reference_wrapper<const ArrayFilter<T>> array;
			tuple sizes;
			};
			} // namespace detail

			/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
			template <typename Array, typename... Ns,
			std::enable_if_t<aka::conjunction<
			std::is_integral<std::decay_t<Ns>>...>::value> * = nullptr>
			decltype(auto) make_view(Array && array, const Ns... ns) {
			AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT((detail::product_all(ns...) != 0),
			"You must specify non zero dimensions");
			// auto size = std::forward<decltype(array)>(array).size() *
			// std::forward<decltype(array)>(array).getNbComponent() /
			// detail::product_all(ns...);
			auto array_size = std::forward<decltype(array)>(array).size();
			auto nb_component = std::forward<decltype(array)>(array).getNbComponent();
			// detail::GetNbComponent<std::decay_t<Array>>::getNbComponent(
			// std::forward<decltype(array)>(array));
			auto product_all = detail::product_all(ns...);
			auto size = array_size * nb_component / product_all;

			return detail::ArrayView<Array, std::common_type_t<size_t, Ns>...,
			std::common_type_t<size_t, decltype(size)>>(
			std::forward<Array>(array), std::move(ns)..., size);
			}

			template <typename Array, typename... Ns>
			decltype(auto) make_const_view(const Array & array, const Ns... ns) {
			return make_view(array, std::move(ns)...);
			}

			} // namespace akantu

			//#endif /* __AKANTU_AKA_ARRAY_TMPL_HH__ */

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