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/**
* @file material.cc
*
* @author Guillaume Anciaux <guillaume.anciaux@epfl.ch>
* @author Fabian Barras <fabian.barras@epfl.ch>
* @author Aurelia Isabel Cuba Ramos <aurelia.cubaramos@epfl.ch>
* @author Lucas Frerot <lucas.frerot@epfl.ch>
* @author Daniel Pino Muñoz <daniel.pinomunoz@epfl.ch>
* @author Nicolas Richart <nicolas.richart@epfl.ch>
* @author Marco Vocialta <marco.vocialta@epfl.ch>
*
* @date creation: Tue Jul 27 2010
* @date last modification: Fri Apr 09 2021
*
* @brief Implementation of the common part of the material class
*
*
* @section LICENSE
*
* Copyright (©) 2010-2021 EPFL (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne)
* Laboratory (LSMS - Laboratoire de Simulation en Mécanique des Solides)
*
* Akantu is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
* terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
* Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
* later version.
*
* Akantu is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
* WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more
* details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
* along with Akantu. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*
*/
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
#include "material.hh"
#include "mesh_iterators.hh"
#include "solid_mechanics_model.hh"
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
namespace akantu {
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
Material::Material(SolidMechanicsModel & model, const ID & id)
: Parsable(ParserType::_material, id), id(id), fem(model.getFEEngine()),
model(model), spatial_dimension(this->model.getSpatialDimension()),
element_filter("element_filter", id), stress("stress", *this),
eigengradu("eigen_grad_u", *this), gradu("grad_u", *this),
green_strain("green_strain", *this),
piola_kirchhoff_2("piola_kirchhoff_2", *this),
potential_energy("potential_energy", *this),
interpolation_inverse_coordinates("interpolation inverse coordinates",
*this),
interpolation_points_matrices("interpolation points matrices", *this),
eigen_grad_u(model.getSpatialDimension(), model.getSpatialDimension(),
0.) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
this->registerParam("eigen_grad_u", eigen_grad_u, _pat_parsable,
"EigenGradU");
/// for each connectivity types allocate the element filer array of the
/// material
element_filter.initialize(model.getMesh(),
_spatial_dimension = spatial_dimension,
_element_kind = _ek_regular);
this->initialize();
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
Material::Material(SolidMechanicsModel & model, UInt dim, const Mesh & mesh,
FEEngine & fe_engine, const ID & id)
: Parsable(ParserType::_material, id), id(id), fem(fe_engine), model(model),
spatial_dimension(dim), element_filter("element_filter", id),
stress("stress", *this, dim, fe_engine, this->element_filter),
eigengradu("eigen_grad_u", *this, dim, fe_engine, this->element_filter),
gradu("gradu", *this, dim, fe_engine, this->element_filter),
green_strain("green_strain", *this, dim, fe_engine, this->element_filter),
piola_kirchhoff_2("piola_kirchhoff_2", *this, dim, fe_engine,
this->element_filter),
potential_energy("potential_energy", *this, dim, fe_engine,
this->element_filter),
interpolation_inverse_coordinates("interpolation inverse_coordinates",
*this, dim, fe_engine,
this->element_filter),
interpolation_points_matrices("interpolation points matrices", *this, dim,
fe_engine, this->element_filter),
eigen_grad_u(dim, dim, 0.) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
element_filter.initialize(mesh, _spatial_dimension = spatial_dimension,
_element_kind = _ek_regular);
this->initialize();
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
Material::~Material() = default;
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::initialize() {
registerParam("rho", rho, Real(0.), _pat_parsable | _pat_modifiable,
"Density");
registerParam("name", name, std::string(), _pat_parsable | _pat_readable);
registerParam("finite_deformation", finite_deformation, false,
_pat_parsable | _pat_readable, "Is finite deformation");
registerParam("inelastic_deformation", inelastic_deformation, false,
_pat_internal, "Is inelastic deformation");
/// allocate gradu stress for local elements
eigengradu.initialize(spatial_dimension * spatial_dimension);
gradu.initialize(spatial_dimension * spatial_dimension);
stress.initialize(spatial_dimension * spatial_dimension);
potential_energy.initialize(1);
this->model.registerEventHandler(*this);
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::initMaterial() {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
if (finite_deformation) {
this->piola_kirchhoff_2.initialize(spatial_dimension * spatial_dimension);
if (use_previous_stress) {
this->piola_kirchhoff_2.initializeHistory();
}
this->green_strain.initialize(spatial_dimension * spatial_dimension);
}
if (use_previous_stress) {
this->stress.initializeHistory();
}
if (use_previous_gradu) {
this->gradu.initializeHistory();
}
this->resizeInternals();
auto dim = spatial_dimension;
for (const auto & type :
element_filter.elementTypes(_element_kind = _ek_regular)) {
for (auto & eigen_gradu : make_view(eigengradu(type), dim, dim)) {
eigen_gradu = eigen_grad_u;
}
}
is_init = true;
updateInternalParameters();
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::savePreviousState() {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
for (auto pair : internal_vectors_real) {
if (pair.second->hasHistory()) {
pair.second->saveCurrentValues();
}
}
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::restorePreviousState() {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
for (auto pair : internal_vectors_real) {
if (pair.second->hasHistory()) {
pair.second->restorePreviousValues();
}
}
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/**
* Compute the internal forces by assembling @f$\int_{e} \sigma_e \frac{\partial
* \varphi}{\partial X} dX @f$
*
* @param[in] ghost_type compute the internal forces for _ghost or _not_ghost
* element
*/
void Material::assembleInternalForces(GhostType ghost_type) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
UInt spatial_dimension = model.getSpatialDimension();
if (!finite_deformation) {
auto & internal_force = const_cast<Array<Real> &>(model.getInternalForce());
// Mesh & mesh = fem.getMesh();
for (auto && type :
element_filter.elementTypes(spatial_dimension, ghost_type)) {
Array<UInt> & elem_filter = element_filter(type, ghost_type);
UInt nb_element = elem_filter.size();
if (nb_element == 0) {
continue;
}
const Array<Real> & shapes_derivatives =
fem.getShapesDerivatives(type, ghost_type);
UInt size_of_shapes_derivatives = shapes_derivatives.getNbComponent();
UInt nb_quadrature_points = fem.getNbIntegrationPoints(type, ghost_type);
UInt nb_nodes_per_element = Mesh::getNbNodesPerElement(type);
/// compute @f$\sigma \frac{\partial \varphi}{\partial X}@f$ by
/// @f$\mathbf{B}^t \mathbf{\sigma}_q@f$
auto * sigma_dphi_dx =
new Array<Real>(nb_element * nb_quadrature_points,
size_of_shapes_derivatives, "sigma_x_dphi_/_dX");
fem.computeBtD(stress(type, ghost_type), *sigma_dphi_dx, type, ghost_type,
elem_filter);
/**
* compute @f$\int \sigma * \frac{\partial \varphi}{\partial X}dX@f$ by
* @f$ \sum_q \mathbf{B}^t
* \mathbf{\sigma}_q \overline w_q J_q@f$
*/
auto * int_sigma_dphi_dx =
new Array<Real>(nb_element, nb_nodes_per_element * spatial_dimension,
"int_sigma_x_dphi_/_dX");
fem.integrate(*sigma_dphi_dx, *int_sigma_dphi_dx,
size_of_shapes_derivatives, type, ghost_type, elem_filter);
delete sigma_dphi_dx;
/// assemble
model.getDOFManager().assembleElementalArrayLocalArray(
*int_sigma_dphi_dx, internal_force, type, ghost_type, -1,
elem_filter);
delete int_sigma_dphi_dx;
}
} else {
switch (spatial_dimension) {
case 1:
this->assembleInternalForces<1>(ghost_type);
break;
case 2:
this->assembleInternalForces<2>(ghost_type);
break;
case 3:
this->assembleInternalForces<3>(ghost_type);
break;
}
}
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/**
* Compute the stress from the gradu
*
* @param[in] ghost_type compute the residual for _ghost or _not_ghost element
*/
void Material::computeAllStresses(GhostType ghost_type) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
UInt spatial_dimension = model.getSpatialDimension();
for (const auto & type :
element_filter.elementTypes(spatial_dimension, ghost_type)) {
Array<UInt> & elem_filter = element_filter(type, ghost_type);
if (elem_filter.empty()) {
continue;
}
Array<Real> & gradu_vect = gradu(type, ghost_type);
/// compute @f$\nabla u@f$
fem.gradientOnIntegrationPoints(model.getDisplacement(), gradu_vect,
spatial_dimension, type, ghost_type,
elem_filter);
gradu_vect -= eigengradu(type, ghost_type);
/// compute @f$\mathbf{\sigma}_q@f$ from @f$\nabla u@f$
computeStress(type, ghost_type);
}
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::computeAllCauchyStresses(GhostType ghost_type) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT(finite_deformation, "The Cauchy stress can only be "
"computed if you are working in "
"finite deformation.");
for (auto type : element_filter.elementTypes(spatial_dimension, ghost_type)) {
switch (spatial_dimension) {
case 1:
this->StoCauchy<1>(type, ghost_type);
break;
case 2:
this->StoCauchy<2>(type, ghost_type);
break;
case 3:
this->StoCauchy<3>(type, ghost_type);
break;
}
}
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
template <UInt dim>
void Material::StoCauchy(ElementType el_type, GhostType ghost_type) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
auto gradu_it = this->gradu(el_type, ghost_type).begin(dim, dim);
auto gradu_end = this->gradu(el_type, ghost_type).end(dim, dim);
auto piola_it = this->piola_kirchhoff_2(el_type, ghost_type).begin(dim, dim);
auto stress_it = this->stress(el_type, ghost_type).begin(dim, dim);
for (; gradu_it != gradu_end; ++gradu_it, ++piola_it, ++stress_it) {
Matrix<Real> & grad_u = *gradu_it;
Matrix<Real> & piola = *piola_it;
Matrix<Real> & sigma = *stress_it;
auto F_tensor = gradUToF<dim>(grad_u);
this->StoCauchy<dim>(F_tensor, piola, sigma);
}
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::setToSteadyState(GhostType ghost_type) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
const Array<Real> & displacement = model.getDisplacement();
// resizeInternalArray(gradu);
UInt spatial_dimension = model.getSpatialDimension();
for (auto type : element_filter.elementTypes(spatial_dimension, ghost_type)) {
Array<UInt> & elem_filter = element_filter(type, ghost_type);
Array<Real> & gradu_vect = gradu(type, ghost_type);
/// compute @f$\nabla u@f$
fem.gradientOnIntegrationPoints(displacement, gradu_vect, spatial_dimension,
type, ghost_type, elem_filter);
setToSteadyState(type, ghost_type);
}
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/**
* Compute the stiffness matrix by assembling @f$\int_{\omega} B^t \times D
* \times B d\omega @f$
*
* @param[in] ghost_type compute the residual for _ghost or _not_ghost element
*/
void Material::assembleStiffnessMatrix(GhostType ghost_type) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
UInt spatial_dimension = model.getSpatialDimension();
for (auto type : element_filter.elementTypes(spatial_dimension, ghost_type)) {
if (finite_deformation) {
switch (spatial_dimension) {
case 1: {
assembleStiffnessMatrixNL<1>(type, ghost_type);
assembleStiffnessMatrixL2<1>(type, ghost_type);
break;
}
case 2: {
assembleStiffnessMatrixNL<2>(type, ghost_type);
assembleStiffnessMatrixL2<2>(type, ghost_type);
break;
}
case 3: {
assembleStiffnessMatrixNL<3>(type, ghost_type);
assembleStiffnessMatrixL2<3>(type, ghost_type);
break;
}
}
} else {
switch (spatial_dimension) {
case 1: {
assembleStiffnessMatrix<1>(type, ghost_type);
break;
}
case 2: {
assembleStiffnessMatrix<2>(type, ghost_type);
break;
}
case 3: {
assembleStiffnessMatrix<3>(type, ghost_type);
break;
}
}
}
}
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
template <UInt dim>
void Material::assembleStiffnessMatrix(ElementType type, GhostType ghost_type) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
Array<UInt> & elem_filter = element_filter(type, ghost_type);
if (elem_filter.empty()) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
return;
}
// const Array<Real> & shapes_derivatives =
// fem.getShapesDerivatives(type, ghost_type);
Array<Real> & gradu_vect = gradu(type, ghost_type);
UInt nb_element = elem_filter.size();
UInt nb_nodes_per_element = Mesh::getNbNodesPerElement(type);
UInt nb_quadrature_points = fem.getNbIntegrationPoints(type, ghost_type);
gradu_vect.resize(nb_quadrature_points * nb_element);
fem.gradientOnIntegrationPoints(model.getDisplacement(), gradu_vect, dim,
type, ghost_type, elem_filter);
UInt tangent_size = getTangentStiffnessVoigtSize(dim);
auto * tangent_stiffness_matrix =
new Array<Real>(nb_element * nb_quadrature_points,
tangent_size * tangent_size, "tangent_stiffness_matrix");
tangent_stiffness_matrix->zero();
computeTangentModuli(type, *tangent_stiffness_matrix, ghost_type);
/// compute @f$\mathbf{B}^t * \mathbf{D} * \mathbf{B}@f$
UInt bt_d_b_size = dim * nb_nodes_per_element;
auto * bt_d_b = new Array<Real>(nb_element * nb_quadrature_points,
bt_d_b_size * bt_d_b_size, "B^t*D*B");
fem.computeBtDB(*tangent_stiffness_matrix, *bt_d_b, 4, type, ghost_type,
elem_filter);
delete tangent_stiffness_matrix;
/// compute @f$ k_e = \int_e \mathbf{B}^t * \mathbf{D} * \mathbf{B}@f$
auto * K_e = new Array<Real>(nb_element, bt_d_b_size * bt_d_b_size, "K_e");
fem.integrate(*bt_d_b, *K_e, bt_d_b_size * bt_d_b_size, type, ghost_type,
elem_filter);
delete bt_d_b;
model.getDOFManager().assembleElementalMatricesToMatrix(
"K", "displacement", *K_e, type, ghost_type, _symmetric, elem_filter);
delete K_e;
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
template <UInt dim>
void Material::assembleStiffnessMatrixNL(ElementType type,
GhostType ghost_type) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
const Array<Real> & shapes_derivatives =
fem.getShapesDerivatives(type, ghost_type);
Array<UInt> & elem_filter = element_filter(type, ghost_type);
// Array<Real> & gradu_vect = delta_gradu(type, ghost_type);
UInt nb_element = elem_filter.size();
UInt nb_nodes_per_element = Mesh::getNbNodesPerElement(type);
UInt nb_quadrature_points = fem.getNbIntegrationPoints(type, ghost_type);
auto * shapes_derivatives_filtered = new Array<Real>(
nb_element * nb_quadrature_points, dim * nb_nodes_per_element,
"shapes derivatives filtered");
FEEngine::filterElementalData(fem.getMesh(), shapes_derivatives,
*shapes_derivatives_filtered, type, ghost_type,
elem_filter);
/// compute @f$\mathbf{B}^t * \mathbf{D} * \mathbf{B}@f$
UInt bt_s_b_size = dim * nb_nodes_per_element;
auto * bt_s_b = new Array<Real>(nb_element * nb_quadrature_points,
bt_s_b_size * bt_s_b_size, "B^t*D*B");
UInt piola_matrix_size = getCauchyStressMatrixSize(dim);
Matrix<Real> B(piola_matrix_size, bt_s_b_size);
Matrix<Real> Bt_S(bt_s_b_size, piola_matrix_size);
Matrix<Real> S(piola_matrix_size, piola_matrix_size);
auto shapes_derivatives_filtered_it = shapes_derivatives_filtered->begin(
spatial_dimension, nb_nodes_per_element);
auto Bt_S_B_it = bt_s_b->begin(bt_s_b_size, bt_s_b_size);
auto Bt_S_B_end = bt_s_b->end(bt_s_b_size, bt_s_b_size);
auto piola_it = piola_kirchhoff_2(type, ghost_type).begin(dim, dim);
for (; Bt_S_B_it != Bt_S_B_end;
++Bt_S_B_it, ++shapes_derivatives_filtered_it, ++piola_it) {
auto & Bt_S_B = *Bt_S_B_it;
const auto & Piola_kirchhoff_matrix = *piola_it;
setCauchyStressMatrix<dim>(Piola_kirchhoff_matrix, S);
VoigtHelper<dim>::transferBMatrixToBNL(*shapes_derivatives_filtered_it, B,
nb_nodes_per_element);
Bt_S.template mul<true, false>(B, S);
Bt_S_B.template mul<false, false>(Bt_S, B);
}
delete shapes_derivatives_filtered;
/// compute @f$ k_e = \int_e \mathbf{B}^t * \mathbf{D} * \mathbf{B}@f$
auto * K_e = new Array<Real>(nb_element, bt_s_b_size * bt_s_b_size, "K_e");
fem.integrate(*bt_s_b, *K_e, bt_s_b_size * bt_s_b_size, type, ghost_type,
elem_filter);
delete bt_s_b;
model.getDOFManager().assembleElementalMatricesToMatrix(
"K", "displacement", *K_e, type, ghost_type, _symmetric, elem_filter);
delete K_e;
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
template <UInt dim>
void Material::assembleStiffnessMatrixL2(ElementType type,
GhostType ghost_type) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
const Array<Real> & shapes_derivatives =
fem.getShapesDerivatives(type, ghost_type);
Array<UInt> & elem_filter = element_filter(type, ghost_type);
Array<Real> & gradu_vect = gradu(type, ghost_type);
UInt nb_element = elem_filter.size();
UInt nb_nodes_per_element = Mesh::getNbNodesPerElement(type);
UInt nb_quadrature_points = fem.getNbIntegrationPoints(type, ghost_type);
gradu_vect.resize(nb_quadrature_points * nb_element);
fem.gradientOnIntegrationPoints(model.getDisplacement(), gradu_vect, dim,
type, ghost_type, elem_filter);
UInt tangent_size = getTangentStiffnessVoigtSize(dim);
auto * tangent_stiffness_matrix =
new Array<Real>(nb_element * nb_quadrature_points,
tangent_size * tangent_size, "tangent_stiffness_matrix");
tangent_stiffness_matrix->zero();
computeTangentModuli(type, *tangent_stiffness_matrix, ghost_type);
auto * shapes_derivatives_filtered = new Array<Real>(
nb_element * nb_quadrature_points, dim * nb_nodes_per_element,
"shapes derivatives filtered");
FEEngine::filterElementalData(fem.getMesh(), shapes_derivatives,
*shapes_derivatives_filtered, type, ghost_type,
elem_filter);
/// compute @f$\mathbf{B}^t * \mathbf{D} * \mathbf{B}@f$
UInt bt_d_b_size = dim * nb_nodes_per_element;
auto * bt_d_b = new Array<Real>(nb_element * nb_quadrature_points,
bt_d_b_size * bt_d_b_size, "B^t*D*B");
Matrix<Real> B(tangent_size, dim * nb_nodes_per_element);
Matrix<Real> B2(tangent_size, dim * nb_nodes_per_element);
Matrix<Real> Bt_D(dim * nb_nodes_per_element, tangent_size);
auto shapes_derivatives_filtered_it = shapes_derivatives_filtered->begin(
spatial_dimension, nb_nodes_per_element);
auto Bt_D_B_it = bt_d_b->begin(bt_d_b_size, bt_d_b_size);
auto grad_u_it = gradu_vect.begin(dim, dim);
auto D_it = tangent_stiffness_matrix->begin(tangent_size, tangent_size);
auto D_end = tangent_stiffness_matrix->end(tangent_size, tangent_size);
for (; D_it != D_end;
++D_it, ++Bt_D_B_it, ++shapes_derivatives_filtered_it, ++grad_u_it) {
const auto & grad_u = *grad_u_it;
const auto & D = *D_it;
auto & Bt_D_B = *Bt_D_B_it;
// transferBMatrixToBL1<dim > (*shapes_derivatives_filtered_it, B,
// nb_nodes_per_element);
VoigtHelper<dim>::transferBMatrixToSymVoigtBMatrix(
*shapes_derivatives_filtered_it, B, nb_nodes_per_element);
VoigtHelper<dim>::transferBMatrixToBL2(*shapes_derivatives_filtered_it,
grad_u, B2, nb_nodes_per_element);
B += B2;
Bt_D.template mul<true, false>(B, D);
Bt_D_B.template mul<false, false>(Bt_D, B);
}
delete tangent_stiffness_matrix;
delete shapes_derivatives_filtered;
/// compute @f$ k_e = \int_e \mathbf{B}^t * \mathbf{D} * \mathbf{B}@f$
auto * K_e = new Array<Real>(nb_element, bt_d_b_size * bt_d_b_size, "K_e");
fem.integrate(*bt_d_b, *K_e, bt_d_b_size * bt_d_b_size, type, ghost_type,
elem_filter);
delete bt_d_b;
model.getDOFManager().assembleElementalMatricesToMatrix(
"K", "displacement", *K_e, type, ghost_type, _symmetric, elem_filter);
delete K_e;
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
template <UInt dim>
void Material::assembleInternalForces(GhostType ghost_type) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
Array<Real> & internal_force = model.getInternalForce();
Mesh & mesh = fem.getMesh();
for (auto type : element_filter.elementTypes(_ghost_type = ghost_type)) {
const Array<Real> & shapes_derivatives =
fem.getShapesDerivatives(type, ghost_type);
Array<UInt> & elem_filter = element_filter(type, ghost_type);
if (elem_filter.empty()) {
continue;
}
UInt size_of_shapes_derivatives = shapes_derivatives.getNbComponent();
UInt nb_element = elem_filter.size();
UInt nb_nodes_per_element = Mesh::getNbNodesPerElement(type);
UInt nb_quadrature_points = fem.getNbIntegrationPoints(type, ghost_type);
auto * shapesd_filtered = new Array<Real>(
nb_element, size_of_shapes_derivatives, "filtered shapesd");
FEEngine::filterElementalData(mesh, shapes_derivatives, *shapesd_filtered,
type, ghost_type, elem_filter);
Array<Real>::matrix_iterator shapes_derivatives_filtered_it =
shapesd_filtered->begin(dim, nb_nodes_per_element);
// Set stress vectors
UInt stress_size = getTangentStiffnessVoigtSize(dim);
// Set matrices B and BNL*
UInt bt_s_size = dim * nb_nodes_per_element;
auto * bt_s =
new Array<Real>(nb_element * nb_quadrature_points, bt_s_size, "B^t*S");
auto grad_u_it = this->gradu(type, ghost_type).begin(dim, dim);
auto grad_u_end = this->gradu(type, ghost_type).end(dim, dim);
auto stress_it = this->piola_kirchhoff_2(type, ghost_type).begin(dim, dim);
shapes_derivatives_filtered_it =
shapesd_filtered->begin(dim, nb_nodes_per_element);
Array<Real>::matrix_iterator bt_s_it = bt_s->begin(bt_s_size, 1);
Matrix<Real> B_tensor(stress_size, bt_s_size);
Matrix<Real> B2_tensor(stress_size, bt_s_size);
for (; grad_u_it != grad_u_end; ++grad_u_it, ++stress_it,
++shapes_derivatives_filtered_it,
++bt_s_it) {
auto & grad_u = *grad_u_it;
auto & r = *bt_s_it;
auto & S = *stress_it;
VoigtHelper<dim>::transferBMatrixToSymVoigtBMatrix(
*shapes_derivatives_filtered_it, B_tensor, nb_nodes_per_element);
VoigtHelper<dim>::transferBMatrixToBL2(*shapes_derivatives_filtered_it,
grad_u, B2_tensor,
nb_nodes_per_element);
B_tensor += B2_tensor;
auto S_vect = Material::stressToVoigt<dim>(S);
Matrix<Real> S_voigt(S_vect.storage(), stress_size, 1);
r.template mul<true, false>(B_tensor, S_voigt);
}
delete shapesd_filtered;
/// compute @f$ k_e = \int_e \mathbf{B}^t * \mathbf{D} * \mathbf{B}@f$
auto * r_e = new Array<Real>(nb_element, bt_s_size, "r_e");
fem.integrate(*bt_s, *r_e, bt_s_size, type, ghost_type, elem_filter);
delete bt_s;
model.getDOFManager().assembleElementalArrayLocalArray(
*r_e, internal_force, type, ghost_type, -1., elem_filter);
delete r_e;
}
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::computePotentialEnergyByElements() {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
for (auto type : element_filter.elementTypes(spatial_dimension, _not_ghost)) {
computePotentialEnergy(type);
}
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::computePotentialEnergy(ElementType /*unused*/) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
AKANTU_TO_IMPLEMENT();
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
Real Material::getPotentialEnergy() {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
Real epot = 0.;
computePotentialEnergyByElements();
/// integrate the potential energy for each type of elements
for (auto type : element_filter.elementTypes(spatial_dimension, _not_ghost)) {
epot += fem.integrate(potential_energy(type, _not_ghost), type, _not_ghost,
element_filter(type, _not_ghost));
}
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
return epot;
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
Real Material::getPotentialEnergy(ElementType & type, UInt index) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
Real epot = 0.;
Vector<Real> epot_on_quad_points(fem.getNbIntegrationPoints(type));
computePotentialEnergyByElement(type, index, epot_on_quad_points);
epot = fem.integrate(epot_on_quad_points, type, element_filter(type)(index));
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
return epot;
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
Real Material::getEnergy(const std::string & type) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
if (type == "potential") {
return getPotentialEnergy();
}
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
return 0.;
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
Real Material::getEnergy(const std::string & energy_id, ElementType type,
UInt index) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
if (energy_id == "potential") {
return getPotentialEnergy(type, index);
}
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
return 0.;
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::initElementalFieldInterpolation(
const ElementTypeMapArray<Real> & interpolation_points_coordinates) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
this->fem.initElementalFieldInterpolationFromIntegrationPoints(
interpolation_points_coordinates, this->interpolation_points_matrices,
this->interpolation_inverse_coordinates, &(this->element_filter));
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::interpolateStress(ElementTypeMapArray<Real> & result,
const GhostType ghost_type) {
this->fem.interpolateElementalFieldFromIntegrationPoints(
this->stress, this->interpolation_points_matrices,
this->interpolation_inverse_coordinates, result, ghost_type,
&(this->element_filter));
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::interpolateStressOnFacets(
ElementTypeMapArray<Real> & result,
ElementTypeMapArray<Real> & by_elem_result, const GhostType ghost_type) {
interpolateStress(by_elem_result, ghost_type);
UInt stress_size = this->stress.getNbComponent();
const Mesh & mesh = this->model.getMesh();
const Mesh & mesh_facets = mesh.getMeshFacets();
for (auto type : element_filter.elementTypes(spatial_dimension, ghost_type)) {
Array<UInt> & elem_fil = element_filter(type, ghost_type);
Array<Real> & by_elem_res = by_elem_result(type, ghost_type);
UInt nb_element = elem_fil.size();
UInt nb_element_full = this->model.getMesh().getNbElement(type, ghost_type);
UInt nb_interpolation_points_per_elem =
by_elem_res.size() / nb_element_full;
const Array<Element> & facet_to_element =
mesh_facets.getSubelementToElement(type, ghost_type);
ElementType type_facet = Mesh::getFacetType(type);
UInt nb_facet_per_elem = facet_to_element.getNbComponent();
UInt nb_quad_per_facet =
nb_interpolation_points_per_elem / nb_facet_per_elem;
Element element_for_comparison{type, 0, ghost_type};
const Array<std::vector<Element>> * element_to_facet = nullptr;
GhostType current_ghost_type = _casper;
Array<Real> * result_vec = nullptr;
Array<Real>::const_matrix_iterator result_it =
by_elem_res.begin_reinterpret(
stress_size, nb_interpolation_points_per_elem, nb_element_full);
for (UInt el = 0; el < nb_element; ++el) {
UInt global_el = elem_fil(el);
element_for_comparison.element = global_el;
for (UInt f = 0; f < nb_facet_per_elem; ++f) {
Element facet_elem = facet_to_element(global_el, f);
UInt global_facet = facet_elem.element;
if (facet_elem.ghost_type != current_ghost_type) {
current_ghost_type = facet_elem.ghost_type;
element_to_facet = &mesh_facets.getElementToSubelement(
type_facet, current_ghost_type);
result_vec = &result(type_facet, current_ghost_type);
}
bool is_second_element =
(*element_to_facet)(global_facet)[0] != element_for_comparison;
for (UInt q = 0; q < nb_quad_per_facet; ++q) {
Vector<Real> result_local(result_vec->storage() +
(global_facet * nb_quad_per_facet + q) *
result_vec->getNbComponent() +
static_cast<UInt>(is_second_element) *
stress_size,
stress_size);
const Matrix<Real> & result_tmp(result_it[global_el]);
result_local = result_tmp(f * nb_quad_per_facet + q);
}
}
}
}
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::addElements(const Array<Element> & elements_to_add) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
UInt mat_id = model.getMaterialIndex(name);
for (const auto & element : elements_to_add) {
auto index = this->addElement(element);
model.material_index(element) = mat_id;
model.material_local_numbering(element) = index;
}
this->resizeInternals();
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::removeElements(const Array<Element> & elements_to_remove) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
auto el_begin = elements_to_remove.begin();
auto el_end = elements_to_remove.end();
if (elements_to_remove.empty()) {
return;
}
auto & mesh = this->model.getMesh();
ElementTypeMapArray<UInt> material_local_new_numbering(
"remove mat filter elem", id);
material_local_new_numbering.initialize(
mesh, _element_filter = &element_filter, _element_kind = _ek_not_defined,
_with_nb_element = true);
ElementTypeMapArray<UInt> element_filter_tmp("element_filter_tmp", id);
element_filter_tmp.initialize(mesh, _element_filter = &element_filter,
_element_kind = _ek_not_defined);
ElementTypeMap<UInt> new_ids, element_ids;
for_each_element(
mesh,
[&](auto && el) {
if (not new_ids(el.type, el.ghost_type)) {
element_ids(el.type, el.ghost_type) = 0;
}
auto & element_id = element_ids(el.type, el.ghost_type);
auto l_el = Element{el.type, element_id, el.ghost_type};
if (std::find(el_begin, el_end, el) != el_end) {
material_local_new_numbering(l_el) = UInt(-1);
return;
}
element_filter_tmp(el.type, el.ghost_type).push_back(el.element);
if (not new_ids(el.type, el.ghost_type)) {
new_ids(el.type, el.ghost_type) = 0;
}
auto & new_id = new_ids(el.type, el.ghost_type);
material_local_new_numbering(l_el) = new_id;
model.material_local_numbering(el) = new_id;
++new_id;
++element_id;
},
_element_filter = &element_filter, _element_kind = _ek_not_defined);
for (auto ghost_type : ghost_types) {
for (const auto & type : element_filter.elementTypes(
_ghost_type = ghost_type, _element_kind = _ek_not_defined)) {
element_filter(type, ghost_type)
.copy(element_filter_tmp(type, ghost_type));
}
}
for (auto it = internal_vectors_real.begin();
it != internal_vectors_real.end(); ++it) {
it->second->removeIntegrationPoints(material_local_new_numbering);
}
for (auto it = internal_vectors_uint.begin();
it != internal_vectors_uint.end(); ++it) {
it->second->removeIntegrationPoints(material_local_new_numbering);
}
for (auto it = internal_vectors_bool.begin();
it != internal_vectors_bool.end(); ++it) {
it->second->removeIntegrationPoints(material_local_new_numbering);
}
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::resizeInternals() {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
for (auto it = internal_vectors_real.begin();
it != internal_vectors_real.end(); ++it) {
it->second->resize();
}
for (auto it = internal_vectors_uint.begin();
it != internal_vectors_uint.end(); ++it) {
it->second->resize();
}
for (auto it = internal_vectors_bool.begin();
it != internal_vectors_bool.end(); ++it) {
it->second->resize();
}
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::onElementsAdded(const Array<Element> & /*unused*/,
const NewElementsEvent & /*unused*/) {
this->resizeInternals();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::onElementsRemoved(
const Array<Element> & element_list,
const ElementTypeMapArray<UInt> & new_numbering,
[[gnu::unused]] const RemovedElementsEvent & event) {
UInt my_num = model.getInternalIndexFromID(getID());
ElementTypeMapArray<UInt> material_local_new_numbering(
"remove mat filter elem", getID());
auto el_begin = element_list.begin();
auto el_end = element_list.end();
for (auto && gt : ghost_types) {
for (auto && type :
new_numbering.elementTypes(_all_dimensions, gt, _ek_not_defined)) {
if (not element_filter.exists(type, gt) ||
element_filter(type, gt).empty()) {
continue;
}
auto & elem_filter = element_filter(type, gt);
auto & mat_indexes = this->model.material_index(type, gt);
auto & mat_loc_num = this->model.material_local_numbering(type, gt);
auto nb_element = this->model.getMesh().getNbElement(type, gt);
// all materials will resize of the same size...
mat_indexes.resize(nb_element);
mat_loc_num.resize(nb_element);
if (!material_local_new_numbering.exists(type, gt)) {
material_local_new_numbering.alloc(elem_filter.size(), 1, type, gt);
}
auto & mat_renumbering = material_local_new_numbering(type, gt);
const auto & renumbering = new_numbering(type, gt);
Array<UInt> elem_filter_tmp;
UInt ni = 0;
Element el{type, 0, gt};
for (UInt i = 0; i < elem_filter.size(); ++i) {
el.element = elem_filter(i);
if (std::find(el_begin, el_end, el) == el_end) {
UInt new_el = renumbering(el.element);
AKANTU_DEBUG_ASSERT(new_el != UInt(-1),
"A not removed element as been badly renumbered");
elem_filter_tmp.push_back(new_el);
mat_renumbering(i) = ni;
mat_indexes(new_el) = my_num;
mat_loc_num(new_el) = ni;
++ni;
} else {
mat_renumbering(i) = UInt(-1);
}
}
elem_filter.resize(elem_filter_tmp.size());
elem_filter.copy(elem_filter_tmp);
}
}
for (auto it = internal_vectors_real.begin();
it != internal_vectors_real.end(); ++it) {
it->second->removeIntegrationPoints(material_local_new_numbering);
}
for (auto it = internal_vectors_uint.begin();
it != internal_vectors_uint.end(); ++it) {
it->second->removeIntegrationPoints(material_local_new_numbering);
}
for (auto it = internal_vectors_bool.begin();
it != internal_vectors_bool.end(); ++it) {
it->second->removeIntegrationPoints(material_local_new_numbering);
}
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::beforeSolveStep() { this->savePreviousState(); }
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::afterSolveStep(bool converged) {
if (not converged) {
this->restorePreviousState();
return;
}
for (const auto & type : element_filter.elementTypes(
_all_dimensions, _not_ghost, _ek_not_defined)) {
this->updateEnergies(type);
}
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::onDamageIteration() { this->savePreviousState(); }
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::onDamageUpdate() {
for (const auto & type : element_filter.elementTypes(
_all_dimensions, _not_ghost, _ek_not_defined)) {
this->updateEnergiesAfterDamage(type);
}
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::onDump() {
if (this->isFiniteDeformation()) {
this->computeAllCauchyStresses(_not_ghost);
}
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::printself(std::ostream & stream, int indent) const {
std::string space(indent, AKANTU_INDENT);
std::string type = getID().substr(getID().find_last_of(':') + 1);
stream << space << "Material " << type << " [" << std::endl;
Parsable::printself(stream, indent);
stream << space << "]" << std::endl;
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/// extrapolate internal values
void Material::extrapolateInternal(const ID & id, const Element & element,
[[gnu::unused]] const Matrix<Real> & point,
Matrix<Real> & extrapolated) {
if (this->isInternal<Real>(id, element.kind())) {
UInt nb_element =
this->element_filter(element.type, element.ghost_type).size();
const ID name = this->getID() + ":" + id;
UInt nb_quads =
this->internal_vectors_real[name]->getFEEngine().getNbIntegrationPoints(
element.type, element.ghost_type);
const Array<Real> & internal =
this->getArray<Real>(id, element.type, element.ghost_type);
UInt nb_component = internal.getNbComponent();
Array<Real>::const_matrix_iterator internal_it =
internal.begin_reinterpret(nb_component, nb_quads, nb_element);
Element local_element = this->convertToLocalElement(element);
/// instead of really extrapolating, here the value of the first GP
/// is copied into the result vector. This works only for linear
/// elements
/// @todo extrapolate!!!!
AKANTU_DEBUG_WARNING("This is a fix, values are not truly extrapolated");
const Matrix<Real> & values = internal_it[local_element.element];
UInt index = 0;
Vector<Real> tmp(nb_component);
for (UInt j = 0; j < values.cols(); ++j) {
tmp = values(j);
if (tmp.norm() > 0) {
index = j;
break;
}
}
for (UInt i = 0; i < extrapolated.size(); ++i) {
extrapolated(i) = values(index);
}
} else {
Matrix<Real> default_values(extrapolated.rows(), extrapolated.cols(), 0.);
extrapolated = default_values;
}
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Material::applyEigenGradU(const Matrix<Real> & prescribed_eigen_grad_u,
const GhostType ghost_type) {
for (auto && type : element_filter.elementTypes(_all_dimensions, _not_ghost,
_ek_not_defined)) {
if (element_filter(type, ghost_type).empty()) {
continue;
}
for (auto & eigengradu : make_view(this->eigengradu(type, ghost_type),
spatial_dimension, spatial_dimension)) {
eigengradu = prescribed_eigen_grad_u;
}
}
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
MaterialFactory & Material::getFactory() {
return MaterialFactory::getInstance();
}
} // namespace akantu
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