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phasefield.cc
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/**
* @file phasefield.cc
*
* @author Mohit Pundir <mohit.pundir@epfl.ch>
*
* @date creation: Fri Jun 19 2020
* @date last modification: Fri May 14 2021
*
* @brief Implementation of the common part of the phasefield class
*
*
* @section LICENSE
*
* Copyright (©) 2018-2021 EPFL (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne)
* Laboratory (LSMS - Laboratoire de Simulation en Mécanique des Solides)
*
* Akantu is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
* terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
* Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
* later version.
*
* Akantu is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
* WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more
* details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
* along with Akantu. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*
*/
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
#include "phasefield.hh"
#include "aka_common.hh"
#include "phase_field_model.hh"
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
namespace akantu {
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
PhaseField::PhaseField(PhaseFieldModel & model, const ID & id)
: Parsable(ParserType::_phasefield, id), id(id), fem(model.getFEEngine()),
model(model), g_c("g_c", *this),
spatial_dimension(this->model.getSpatialDimension()),
element_filter("element_filter", id), damage_on_qpoints("damage", *this),
gradd("grad_d", *this), phi("phi", *this), strain("strain", *this),
driving_force("driving_force", *this),
driving_energy("driving_energy", *this),
damage_energy("damage_energy", *this),
damage_energy_density("damage_energy_density", *this),
dissipated_energy("dissipated_energy", *this) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
/// for each connectivity types allocate the element filer array of the
/// material
element_filter.initialize(model.getMesh(),
_spatial_dimension = spatial_dimension,
_element_kind = _ek_regular);
this->initialize();
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
PhaseField::PhaseField(PhaseFieldModel & model, Int dim, const Mesh & mesh,
FEEngine & fe_engine, const ID & id)
: Parsable(ParserType::_phasefield, id), id(id), fem(fe_engine),
model(model), g_c("g_c", *this),
spatial_dimension(this->model.getSpatialDimension()),
element_filter("element_filter", id),
damage_on_qpoints("damage", *this, dim, fe_engine, this->element_filter),
gradd("grad_d", *this, dim, fe_engine, this->element_filter),
phi("phi", *this, dim, fe_engine, this->element_filter),
strain("strain", *this, dim, fe_engine, this->element_filter),
driving_force("driving_force", *this, dim, fe_engine,
this->element_filter),
driving_energy("driving_energy", *this, dim, fe_engine,
this->element_filter),
damage_energy("damage_energy", *this, dim, fe_engine,
this->element_filter),
damage_energy_density("damage_energy_density", *this, dim, fe_engine,
this->element_filter),
dissipated_energy("dissipated_energy", *this, dim, fe_engine,
this->element_filter) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
/// for each connectivity types allocate the element filer array of the
/// material
element_filter.initialize(mesh, _spatial_dimension = spatial_dimension,
_element_kind = _ek_regular);
this->initialize();
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
PhaseField::~PhaseField() = default;
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void PhaseField::initialize() {
registerParam("name", name, std::string(), _pat_parsable | _pat_readable);
registerParam("l0", l0, Real(0.), _pat_parsable | _pat_readable,
"length scale parameter");
registerParam("gc", g_c, _pat_parsable | _pat_readable,
"critical local fracture energy density");
registerParam("E", E, _pat_parsable | _pat_readable, "Young's modulus");
registerParam("nu", nu, _pat_parsable | _pat_readable, "Poisson ratio");
damage_on_qpoints.initialize(1);
phi.initialize(1);
driving_force.initialize(1);
driving_energy.initialize(spatial_dimension);
gradd.initialize(spatial_dimension);
g_c.initialize(1);
strain.initialize(spatial_dimension * spatial_dimension);
dissipated_energy.initialize(1);
damage_energy_density.initialize(1);
damage_energy.initialize(spatial_dimension * spatial_dimension);
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void PhaseField::initPhaseField() {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
this->phi.initializeHistory();
this->resizeInternals();
updateInternalParameters();
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void PhaseField::resizeInternals() {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
for (auto it = internal_vectors_real.begin();
it != internal_vectors_real.end(); ++it) {
it->second->resize();
}
for (auto it = internal_vectors_int.begin(); it != internal_vectors_int.end();
++it) {
it->second->resize();
}
for (auto it = internal_vectors_bool.begin();
it != internal_vectors_bool.end(); ++it) {
it->second->resize();
}
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void PhaseField::updateInternalParameters() {
this->lambda = this->nu * this->E / ((1 + this->nu) * (1 - 2 * this->nu));
this->mu = this->E / (2 * (1 + this->nu));
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void PhaseField::computeAllDrivingForces(GhostType ghost_type) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
Int spatial_dimension = model.getSpatialDimension();
auto & damage = model.getDamage();
for (const auto & type :
element_filter.elementTypes(spatial_dimension, ghost_type)) {
auto & elem_filter = element_filter(type, ghost_type);
if (elem_filter.empty()) {
continue;
}
// compute the damage on quadrature points
auto & damage_interpolated = damage_on_qpoints(type, ghost_type);
fem.interpolateOnIntegrationPoints(damage, damage_interpolated, 1, type,
ghost_type);
auto & gradd_vect = gradd(type, _not_ghost);
/// compute @f$\nabla u@f$
fem.gradientOnIntegrationPoints(damage, gradd_vect, 1, type, ghost_type,
elem_filter);
computeDrivingForce(type, ghost_type);
}
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void PhaseField::assembleInternalForces(GhostType ghost_type) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
Array<Real> & internal_force = model.getInternalForce();
for (auto type : element_filter.elementTypes(_ghost_type = ghost_type)) {
auto & elem_filter = element_filter(type, ghost_type);
if (elem_filter.empty()) {
continue;
}
auto nb_element = elem_filter.size();
auto nb_nodes_per_element = Mesh::getNbNodesPerElement(type);
auto nb_quadrature_points = fem.getNbIntegrationPoints(type, ghost_type);
auto & driving_force_vect = driving_force(type, ghost_type);
Array<Real> nt_driving_force(nb_quadrature_points, nb_nodes_per_element);
fem.computeNtb(driving_force_vect, nt_driving_force, type, ghost_type,
elem_filter);
Array<Real> int_nt_driving_force(nb_element * nb_quadrature_points,
nb_nodes_per_element);
fem.integrate(nt_driving_force, int_nt_driving_force, nb_nodes_per_element,
type, ghost_type, elem_filter);
// damage_energy_on_qpoints = gc*l0 = scalar
auto & driving_energy_vect = driving_energy(type, ghost_type);
Array<Real> bt_driving_energy(nb_element * nb_quadrature_points,
nb_nodes_per_element);
fem.computeBtD(driving_energy_vect, bt_driving_energy, type, ghost_type,
elem_filter);
Array<Real> int_bt_driving_energy(nb_element, nb_nodes_per_element);
fem.integrate(bt_driving_energy, int_bt_driving_energy,
nb_nodes_per_element, type, ghost_type, elem_filter);
model.getDOFManager().assembleElementalArrayLocalArray(
int_nt_driving_force, internal_force, type, ghost_type, -1,
elem_filter);
model.getDOFManager().assembleElementalArrayLocalArray(
int_bt_driving_energy, internal_force, type, ghost_type, -1,
elem_filter);
}
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void PhaseField::assembleStiffnessMatrix(GhostType ghost_type) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
AKANTU_DEBUG_INFO("Assemble the new stiffness matrix");
for (auto type : element_filter.elementTypes(spatial_dimension, ghost_type)) {
auto & elem_filter = element_filter(type, ghost_type);
if (elem_filter.empty()) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
return;
}
auto nb_element = elem_filter.size();
auto nb_nodes_per_element = Mesh::getNbNodesPerElement(type);
auto nb_quadrature_points = fem.getNbIntegrationPoints(type, ghost_type);
auto nt_b_n = std::make_unique<Array<Real>>(
nb_element * nb_quadrature_points,
nb_nodes_per_element * nb_nodes_per_element, "N^t*b*N");
auto bt_d_b = std::make_unique<Array<Real>>(
nb_element * nb_quadrature_points,
nb_nodes_per_element * nb_nodes_per_element, "B^t*D*B");
// damage_energy_density_on_qpoints = gc/l0 + phi = scalar
auto & damage_energy_density_vect = damage_energy_density(type, ghost_type);
// damage_energy_on_qpoints = gc*l0 = scalar
auto & damage_energy_vect = damage_energy(type, ghost_type);
fem.computeBtDB(damage_energy_vect, *bt_d_b, 2, type, ghost_type,
elem_filter);
fem.computeNtbN(damage_energy_density_vect, *nt_b_n, type, ghost_type,
elem_filter);
/// compute @f$ K_{\grad d} = \int_e \mathbf{N}^t * \mathbf{w} *
/// \mathbf{N}@f$
auto K_n = std::make_unique<Array<Real>>(
nb_element, nb_nodes_per_element * nb_nodes_per_element, "K_n");
fem.integrate(*nt_b_n, *K_n, nb_nodes_per_element * nb_nodes_per_element,
type, ghost_type, elem_filter);
model.getDOFManager().assembleElementalMatricesToMatrix(
"K", "damage", *K_n, type, _not_ghost, _symmetric, elem_filter);
/// compute @f$ K_{\grad d} = \int_e \mathbf{B}^t * \mathbf{W} *
/// \mathbf{B}@f$
auto K_b = std::make_unique<Array<Real>>(
nb_element, nb_nodes_per_element * nb_nodes_per_element, "K_b");
fem.integrate(*bt_d_b, *K_b, nb_nodes_per_element * nb_nodes_per_element,
type, ghost_type, elem_filter);
model.getDOFManager().assembleElementalMatricesToMatrix(
"K", "damage", *K_b, type, _not_ghost, _symmetric, elem_filter);
}
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void PhaseField::computeDissipatedEnergyByElements() {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
const Array<Real> & damage = model.getDamage();
for (auto type : element_filter.elementTypes(spatial_dimension, _not_ghost)) {
Array<Idx> & elem_filter = element_filter(type, _not_ghost);
if (elem_filter.empty()) {
continue;
}
Array<Real> & damage_interpolated = damage_on_qpoints(type, _not_ghost);
// compute the damage on quadrature points
fem.interpolateOnIntegrationPoints(damage, damage_interpolated, 1, type,
_not_ghost);
Array<Real> & gradd_vect = gradd(type, _not_ghost);
/// compute @f$\nabla u@f$
fem.gradientOnIntegrationPoints(damage, gradd_vect, 1, type, _not_ghost,
elem_filter);
computeDissipatedEnergy(type);
}
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void PhaseField::computeDissipatedEnergy(ElementType /*unused*/) {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
AKANTU_TO_IMPLEMENT();
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
Real PhaseField::getEnergy() {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
Real edis = 0.;
computeDissipatedEnergyByElements();
/// integrate the dissipated energy for each type of elements
for (auto type : element_filter.elementTypes(spatial_dimension, _not_ghost)) {
edis += fem.integrate(dissipated_energy(type, _not_ghost), type, _not_ghost,
element_filter(type, _not_ghost));
}
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
return edis;
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
Real PhaseField::getEnergy(ElementType type, Idx index) {
Real edis = 0.;
Vector<Real> edis_on_quad_points(fem.getNbIntegrationPoints(type));
computeDissipatedEnergyByElement(type, index, edis_on_quad_points);
edis = fem.integrate(edis_on_quad_points, Element{type, index, _not_ghost});
return edis;
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
Real PhaseField::getEnergy(const Element & element) {
return getEnergy(element.type, element.element);
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void PhaseField::beforeSolveStep() {
this->savePreviousState();
this->computeAllDrivingForces(_not_ghost);
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void PhaseField::afterSolveStep() {}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void PhaseField::savePreviousState() {
AKANTU_DEBUG_IN();
for (auto pair : internal_vectors_real) {
if (pair.second->hasHistory()) {
pair.second->saveCurrentValues();
}
}
AKANTU_DEBUG_OUT();
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void PhaseField::printself(std::ostream & stream, int indent) const {
std::string space(indent, AKANTU_INDENT);
std::string type = getID().substr(getID().find_last_of(':') + 1);
stream << space << "PhaseField Material " << type << " [" << std::endl;
Parsable::printself(stream, indent);
stream << space << "]" << std::endl;
}
} // namespace akantu

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