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<hr>
<h2>poly.c, poly2.c -- polyhedron operations</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>Qhull uses dimension-free terminology. Qhull builds a
polyhedron in dimension <em>d. </em>A <em>polyhedron</em> is a
simplicial complex of faces with geometric information for the
top and bottom-level faces. A (<em>d-1</em>)-face is a <em>facet</em>,
a (<em>d-2</em>)-face is a <em>ridge</em>, and a <em>0</em>-face
is a <em>vertex</em>. For example in 3-d, a facet is a polygon
and a ridge is an edge. A facet is built from a ridge (the <em>base</em>)
and a vertex (the <em>apex</em>). See
<a href="../html/index.htm#structure">Qhull's data structures</a>.</p>
<p>Qhull's primary data structure is a polyhedron. A
polyhedron is a list of facets. Each facet has a set of
neighboring facets and a set of vertices. Each facet has a
hyperplane. For example, a tetrahedron has four facets.
If its vertices are <em>a, b, c, d</em>, and its facets
are <em>1, 2, 3, 4,</em> the tetrahedron is </p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>facet 1 <ul>
<li>vertices: b c d </li>
<li>neighbors: 2 3 4 </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>facet 2 <ul>
<li>vertices: a c d </li>
<li>neighbors: 1 3 4 </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>facet 3 <ul>
<li>vertices: a b d </li>
<li>neighbors: 1 2 4 </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>facet 4 <ul>
<li>vertices: a b c </li>
<li>neighbors: 1 2 3 </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>A facet may be simplicial or non-simplicial. In 3-d, a
<i>simplicial facet</i> has three vertices and three
neighbors. A <i>nonsimplicial facet</i> has more than
three vertices and more than three neighbors. A
nonsimplicial facet has a set of ridges and a centrum. </p>
<p>
A simplicial facet has an orientation. An <i>orientation</i>
is either <i>top</i> or <i>bottom</i>.
The flag, <tt>facet-&gt;toporient,</tt>
defines the orientation of the facet's vertices. For example in 3-d,
'top' is left-handed orientation (i.e., the vertex order follows the direction
of the left-hand fingers when the thumb is pointing away from the center).
Except for axis-parallel facets in 5-d and higher, topological orientation
determines the geometric orientation of the facet's hyperplane.
<p>A nonsimplicial facet is due to merging two or more
facets. The facet's ridge set determine a simplicial
decomposition of the facet. Each ridge is a 1-face (i.e.,
it has two vertices and two neighboring facets). The
orientation of a ridge is determined by the order of the
neighboring facets. The flag, <tt>facet-&gt;toporient,</tt>is
ignored. </p>
<p>A nonsimplicial facet has a centrum for testing
convexity. A <i>centrum</i> is a point on the facet's
hyperplane that is near the center of the facet. Except
for large facets, it is the arithmetic average of the
facet's vertices. </p>
<p>A nonsimplicial facet is an approximation that is
defined by offsets from the facet's hyperplane. When
Qhull finishes, the <i>outer plane</i> is above all
points while the <i>inner plane</i> is below the facet's
vertices. This guarantees that any exact convex hull
passes between the inner and outer planes. The outer
plane is defined by <tt>facet-&gt;maxoutside</tt> while
the inner plane is computed from the facet's vertices.</p>
<p>Qhull 3.1 includes triangulation of non-simplicial facets
('<A href="../html/qh-optq.htm#Qt">Qt</A>').
These facets,
called <i>tricoplanar</i>, share the same normal. centrum, and Voronoi center.
One facet (keepcentrum) owns these data structures.
While tricoplanar facets are more accurate than the simplicial facets from
joggled input, they
may have zero area or flipped orientation.
</blockquote>
<p><b>Copyright &copy; 1995-2010 C.B. Barber</b></p>
<hr>
<p><a href="#TOP">ｻ</a> <a href="qh-geom.htm#TOC">Geom</a>
<a name="TOC">&#149;</a> <a href="qh-globa.htm#TOC">Global</a>
&#149; <a href="qh-io.htm#TOC">Io</a> &#149; <a href="qh-mem.htm#TOC">Mem</a>
&#149; <a href="qh-merge.htm#TOC">Merge</a> &#149; <b>Poly</b>
&#149; <a href="qh-qhull.htm#TOC">Qhull</a> &#149; <a href="qh-set.htm#TOC">Set</a>
&#149; <a href="qh-stat.htm#TOC">Stat</a> &#149; <a href="qh-user.htm#TOC">User</a>
</p>
<h3>Index to <a href="poly.c">poly.c</a>,
<a href="poly2.c">poly2.c</a>, <a href="poly.h">poly.h</a>,
and <a href="libqhull.h">libqhull.h</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="#ptype">Data types and global
lists for polyhedrons</a> </li>
<li><a href="#pconst">poly.h constants</a> </li>
<li><a href="#pgall">Global FORALL macros</a> </li>
<li><a href="#pall">FORALL macros</a> </li>
<li><a href="#peach">FOREACH macros</a> </li>
<li><a href="#pieach">Indexed FOREACH macros</a> </li>
<li><a href="#pmacro">Other macros for polyhedrons</a><p>&nbsp;</li>
<li><a href="#plist">Facetlist functions</a> </li>
<li><a href="#pfacet">Facet functions</a> </li>
<li><a href="#pvertex">Vertex, ridge, and point
functions</a> </li>
<li><a href="#phash">Hashtable functions</a> </li>
<li><a href="#pnew">Allocation and deallocation
functions</a> </li>
<li><a href="#pcheck">Check functions</a> </li>
</ul>
<h3><a href="qh-poly.htm#TOC">ｻ</a><a name="ptype">Data
types and global lists for polyhedrons</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="libqhull.h#facetT">facetT</a> defines a
facet </li>
<li><a href="libqhull.h#ridgeT">ridgeT</a> defines a
ridge </li>
<li><a href="libqhull.h#vertexT">vertexT</a> defines a
vertex </li>
<li><a href="libqhull.h#qh-lists">qh facet and vertex
lists</a> lists of facets and vertices </li>
<li><a href="libqhull.h#qh-set">qh global sets</a>
global sets for merging, hashing, input, etc. </li>
</ul>
<h3><a href="qh-poly.htm#TOC">ｻ</a><a name="pconst">poly.h constants</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="poly.h#ALGORITHMfault">ALGORITHMfault</a>
flag to not report errors in qh_checkconvex() </li>
<li><a href="poly.h#DATAfault">DATAfault</a> flag to
report errors in qh_checkconvex() </li>
<li><a href="poly.h#DUPLICATEridge">DUPLICATEridge</a>
special value for facet-&gt;neighbor to indicate
a duplicate ridge </li>
<li><a href="poly.h#MERGEridge">MERGEridge</a>
special value for facet-&gt;neighbor to indicate
a merged ridge </li>
</ul>
<h3><a href="qh-poly.htm#TOC">ｻ</a><a name="pgall">Global FORALL
macros</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="libqhull.h#FORALLfacets">FORALLfacets</a>
assign 'facet' to each facet in qh.facet_list </li>
<li><a href="poly.h#FORALLnew_facets">FORALLnew_facets</a>
assign 'facet' to each facet in qh.newfacet_list </li>
<li><a href="poly.h#FORALLvisible_facets">FORALLvisible_facets</a>
assign 'visible' to each visible facet in
qh.visible_list </li>
<li><a href="libqhull.h#FORALLpoints">FORALLpoints</a>
assign 'point' to each point in qh.first_point,
qh.num_points </li>
<li><a href="libqhull.h#FORALLvertices">FORALLvertices</a>
assign 'vertex' to each vertex in qh.vertex_list </li>
</ul>
<h3><a href="qh-poly.htm#TOC">ｻ</a><a name="pall">FORALL macros</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="poly.h#FORALLfacet_">FORALLfacet_</a>
assign 'facet' to each facet in facetlist </li>
<li><a href="libqhull.h#FORALLpoint_">FORALLpoint_</a>
assign 'point' to each point in points array</li>
<li><a href="poly.h#FORALLsame_">FORALLsame_</a>
assign 'same' to each facet in samecycle</li>
<li><a href="poly.h#FORALLsame_cycle_">FORALLsame_cycle_</a>
assign 'same' to each facet in samecycle</li>
<li><a href="poly.h#FORALLvertex_">FORALLvertex_</a>
assign 'vertex' to each vertex in vertexlist </li>
</ul>
<h3><a href="qh-poly.htm#TOC">ｻ</a><a name="peach">FOREACH macros</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="libqhull.h#FOREACHfacet_">FOREACHfacet_</a>
assign 'facet' to each facet in facets </li>
<li><a href="libqhull.h#FOREACHneighbor_">FOREACHneighbor_</a>
assign 'neighbor' to each facet in
facet-&gt;neighbors or vertex-&gt;neighbors</li>
<li><a href="poly.h#FOREACHnewfacet_">FOREACHnewfacet_</a>
assign 'newfacet' to each facet in facet set </li>
<li><a href="libqhull.h#FOREACHpoint_">FOREACHpoint_</a>
assign 'point' to each point in points set </li>
<li><a href="libqhull.h#FOREACHridge_">FOREACHridge_</a>
assign 'ridge' to each ridge in ridge set </li>
<li><a href="libqhull.h#FOREACHvertex_">FOREACHvertex_</a>
assign 'vertex' to each vertex in vertex set </li>
<li><a href="poly.h#FOREACHvertexA_">FOREACHvertexA_</a>
assign 'vertexA' to each vertex in vertex set</li>
<li><a href="poly.h#FOREACHvisible_">FOREACHvisible_</a>
assign 'visible' to each facet in facet set </li>
</ul>
<h3><a href="qh-poly.htm#TOC">ｻ</a><a name="pieach">Indexed
FOREACH macros</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="libqhull.h#FOREACHfacet_i_">FOREACHfacet_i_</a>
assign 'facet' and 'facet_i' to each facet in
facet set </li>
<li><a href="libqhull.h#FOREACHneighbor_i_">FOREACHneighbor_i_</a>
assign 'neighbor' and 'neighbor_i' to each facet
in facet-&gt;neighbors or vertex-&gt;neighbors</li>
<li><a href="libqhull.h#FOREACHpoint_i_">FOREACHpoint_i_</a>
assign 'point' and 'point_i' to each point in
points set </li>
<li><a href="libqhull.h#FOREACHridge_i_">FOREACHridge_i_</a>
assign 'ridge' and 'ridge_i' to each ridge in
ridges set </li>
<li><a href="libqhull.h#FOREACHvertex_i_">FOREACHvertex_i_</a>
assign 'vertex' and 'vertex_i' to each vertex in
vertices set </li>
<li><a href="poly.h#FOREACHvertexreverse12_">FOREACHvertexreverse12_</a>
assign 'vertex' to each vertex in vertex set;
reverse the order of first two vertices </li>
</ul>
<h3><a href="qh-poly.htm#TOC">ｻ</a><a name="pmacro">Other macros for polyhedrons</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="libqhull.h#getid_">getid_</a> return ID for
a facet, ridge, or vertex </li>
<li><a href="libqhull.h#otherfacet_">otherfacet_</a>
return neighboring facet for a ridge in a facet </li>
</ul>
<h3><a href="qh-poly.htm#TOC">ｻ</a><a name="plist">Facetlist
functions</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="poly.c#appendfacet">qh_appendfacet</a>
appends facet to end of qh.facet_list</li>
<li><a href="poly.c#attachnewfacets">qh_attachnewfacets</a>
attach new facets in qh.newfacet_list to the
horizon </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#findgood">qh_findgood</a>
identify good facets for qh.PRINTgood </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#findgood_all">qh_findgood_all</a>
identify more good facets for qh.PRINTgood </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#furthestnext">qh_furthestnext</a>
move facet with furthest of furthest points to
facet_next </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#initialhull">qh_initialhull</a>
construct the initial hull as a simplex of
vertices </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#nearcoplanar">qh_nearcoplanar</a>
remove near-inside points from coplanar sets</li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#prependfacet">qh_prependfacet</a>
prepends facet to start of facetlist </li>
<li><a href="user.c#printfacetlist">qh_printfacetlist</a>
print facets in a facetlist</li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#printlists">qh_printlists</a>
print out facet list for debugging </li>
<li><a href="poly.c#removefacet">qh_removefacet</a>
unlinks facet from qh.facet_list</li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#resetlists">qh_resetlists</a>
reset qh.newvertex_list, qh.newfacet_list, and
qh.visible_list </li>
</ul>
<h3><a href="qh-poly.htm#TOC">ｻ</a><a name="pfacet">Facet
functions</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="poly2.c#createsimplex">qh_createsimplex</a>
create a simplex of facets from a set of vertices
</li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#findbestlower">qh_findbestlower</a> find best
non-upper, non-flipped facet for point at upperfacet</li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#furthestout">qh_furthestout</a>
make furthest outside point the last point of a
facet's outside set </li>
<li><a href="poly.c#makenew_nonsimplicial">qh_makenew_nonsimplicial</a>
make new facets from ridges of visible facets </li>
<li><a href="poly.c#makenew_simplicial">qh_makenew_simplicial</a>
make new facets for horizon neighbors </li>
<li><a href="poly.c#makenewfacet">qh_makenewfacet</a>
create a facet from vertices and apex </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#makenewfacets">qh_makenewfacets</a>
make new facets from vertex, horizon facets, and
visible facets </li>
<li><a href="poly.c#makenewplanes">qh_makenewplanes</a>
make new hyperplanes for facets </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#outcoplanar">qh_outcoplanar</a>
move points from outside set to coplanar set </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#setvoronoi_all">qh_setvoronoi_all</a>
compute Voronoi centers for all facets </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#triangulate">qh_triangulate</a>
triangulate non-simplicial facets</li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#triangulate_facet">qh_triangulate_facet</a>
triangulate a non-simplicial facet</li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#triangulate_link">qh_triangulate_link</a>
link facets together from qh_triangulate</li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#triangulate_mirror">qh_triangulate_mirror</a>
delete mirrored facets from qh_triangulate</li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#triangulate_null">qh_triangulate_null</a>
delete null facet from qh_triangulate</li>
</ul>
<h3><a href="qh-poly.htm#TOC">ｻ</a><a name="pvertex">Vertex,
ridge, and point functions</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="poly.c#appendvertex">qh_appendvertex</a>
append vertex to end of qh.vertex_list, </li>
<li><a href="io.c#detvridge">qh_detvridge</a> determine Voronoi
ridge for an input site
<li><a href="io.c#detvridge3">qh_detvridge3</a> determine 3-d Voronoi
ridge for an input site
<li><a href="poly2.c#facet3vertex">qh_facet3vertex</a>
return an oriented vertex set for a 3-d facet </li>
<li><a href="poly.c#facetintersect">qh_facetintersect</a>
return intersection of simplicial facets </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#initialvertices">qh_initialvertices</a>
return non-singular set of initial vertices </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#isvertex">qh_isvertex</a> true
if point is in a vertex set </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#nearvertex">qh_nearvertex</a>
return nearest vertex to point </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#nextridge3d">qh_nextridge3d</a>
iterate over each ridge and vertex for a 3-d
facet </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#point">qh_point</a> return point
for a point ID </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#pointfacet">qh_pointfacet</a>
return temporary set of facets indexed by point
ID </li>
<li><a href="poly.c#pointid">qh_pointid</a> return ID
for a point</li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#pointvertex">qh_pointvertex</a>
return temporary set of vertices indexed by point
ID </li>
<li><a href="poly.c#removevertex">qh_removevertex</a>
unlink vertex from qh.vertex_list, </li>
<li><a href="poly.c#updatevertices">qh_updatevertices</a>
update vertex neighbors and delete interior
vertices </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#vertexintersect">qh_vertexintersect</a>
intersect two vertex sets </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#vertexintersect_new">qh_vertexintersect_new</a>
return intersection of two vertex sets </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#vertexneighbors">qh_vertexneighbors</a>
for each vertex in hull, determine facet
neighbors </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#vertexsubset">qh_vertexsubset</a>
returns True if vertexsetA is a subset of
vertexsetB </li>
</ul>
<h3><a href="qh-poly.htm#TOC">ｻ</a><a name="phash">Hashtable functions</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="poly2.c#addhash">qh_addhash</a> add hash
element to linear hash table</li>
<li><a href="poly.c#gethash">qh_gethash</a> return
hash value for a set</li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#matchduplicates">qh_matchduplicates</a>
match duplicate ridges in hash table </li>
<li><a href="poly.c#matchneighbor">qh_matchneighbor</a>
try to match subridge of new facet with a
neighbor </li>
<li><a href="poly.c#matchnewfacets">qh_matchnewfacets</a>
match new facets with their new facet neighbors </li>
<li><a href="poly.c#matchvertices">qh_matchvertices</a>
tests whether a facet and hash entry match at a
ridge </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#newhashtable">qh_newhashtable</a>
allocate a new qh.hash_table </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#printhashtable">qh_printhashtable</a>
print hash table </li>
</ul>
<h3><a href="qh-poly.htm#TOC">ｻ</a><a name="pnew">Allocation and
deallocation functions</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="poly2.c#clearcenters">qh_clearcenters</a>
clear old data from facet-&gt;center </li>
<li><a href="poly.c#deletevisible">qh_deletevisible</a>
delete visible facets and vertices </li>
<li><a href="poly.c#delfacet">qh_delfacet</a> free up
the memory occupied by a facet </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#delridge">qh_delridge</a> delete
ridge</li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#delvertex">qh_delvertex</a>
delete vertex </li>
<li><a href="poly.c#newfacet">qh_newfacet</a> create
and allocate space for a facet </li>
<li><a href="poly.c#newridge">qh_newridge</a> create
and allocate space for a ridge </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#newvertex">qh_newvertex</a>
create and allocate space for a vertex </li>
</ul>
<h3><a href="qh-poly.htm#TOC">ｻ</a><a name="pcheck">Check
functions</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="poly2.c#check_bestdist">qh_check_bestdist</a>
check that points are not outside of facets </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#check_maxout">qh_check_maxout</a>
updates qh.max_outside and checks all points
against bestfacet </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#check_output">qh_check_output</a>
check topological and geometric output</li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#check_point">qh_check_point</a>
check that point is not outside of facet </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#check_points">qh_check_points</a>
check that all points are inside all facets </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#checkconvex">qh_checkconvex</a>
check that each ridge in facetlist is convex </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#checkfacet">qh_checkfacet</a>
check for consistency errors in facet </li>
<li><a href="poly.c#checkflipped">qh_checkflipped</a>
check facet orientation to the interior point </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#checkflipped_all">qh_checkflipped_all</a>
check facet orientation for a facet list </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#checkpolygon">qh_checkpolygon</a>
check topological structure </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#checkvertex">qh_checkvertex</a>
check vertex for consistency </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#infiniteloop">qh_infiniteloop</a>
report error for a loop of facets </li>
<li><a href="poly2.c#printlists">qh_printlists</a>
print out facet list for debugging </li>
</ul>
<p><!-- Navigation links --> </p>
<hr>
<p><b>Up:</b>
<a href="http://www.qhull.org">Home page for
Qhull</a> <br>
<b>Up:</b> <a href="../html/index.htm#TOC">Qhull manual: Table of Contents</a> <br>
<b>Up:</b> <a href="../html/qh-quick.htm#programs">Programs</a>
&#149; <a href="../html/qh-quick.htm#options">Options</a>
&#149; <a href="../html/qh-opto.htm#output">Output</a>
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<b>Up:</b> <a href="../html/qh-code.htm#TOC">Qhull code: Table of Contents</a> <br>
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<p><a href="http://www.geom.uiuc.edu/"><img
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Geometry Center Home Page </i></p>
<p>Comments to: <a href=mailto:qhull@qhull.org>qhull@qhull.org</a>
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Created: May 2, 1997 --- <!-- hhmts start --> Last modified: see top <!-- hhmts end --> </p>
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