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<CENTER><A HREF = "Section_start.html">Previous Section</A> - <A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov">LAMMPS WWW Site</A> - <A HREF = "Manual.html">LAMMPS Documentation</A> - <A HREF = "Section_commands.html#comm">LAMMPS Commands</A> - <A HREF = "Section_packages.html">Next Section</A>
</CENTER>
<HR>
<H3>3. Commands
</H3>
<P>This section describes how a LAMMPS input script is formatted and the
input script commands used to define a LAMMPS simulation.
</P>
3.1 <A HREF = "#cmd_1">LAMMPS input script</A><BR>
3.2 <A HREF = "#cmd_2">Parsing rules</A><BR>
3.3 <A HREF = "#cmd_3">Input script structure</A><BR>
3.4 <A HREF = "#cmd_4">Commands listed by category</A><BR>
3.5 <A HREF = "#cmd_5">Commands listed alphabetically</A> <BR>
<HR>
<HR>
<A NAME = "cmd_1"></A><H4>3.1 LAMMPS input script
</H4>
<P>LAMMPS executes by reading commands from a input script (text file),
one line at a time. When the input script ends, LAMMPS exits. Each
command causes LAMMPS to take some action. It may set an internal
variable, read in a file, or run a simulation. Most commands have
default settings, which means you only need to use the command if you
wish to change the default.
</P>
<P>In many cases, the ordering of commands in an input script is not
important. However the following rules apply:
</P>
<P>(1) LAMMPS does not read your entire input script and then perform a
simulation with all the settings. Rather, the input script is read
one line at a time and each command takes effect when it is read.
Thus this sequence of commands:
</P>
<PRE>timestep 0.5
run 100
run 100
</PRE>
<P>does something different than this sequence:
</P>
<PRE>run 100
timestep 0.5
run 100
</PRE>
<P>In the first case, the specified timestep (0.5 fmsec) is used for two
simulations of 100 timesteps each. In the 2nd case, the default
timestep (1.0 fmsec) is used for the 1st 100 step simulation and a 0.5
fmsec timestep is used for the 2nd one.
</P>
<P>(2) Some commands are only valid when they follow other commands. For
example you cannot set the temperature of a group of atoms until atoms
have been defined and a group command is used to define which atoms
belong to the group.
</P>
<P>(3) Sometimes command B will use values that can be set by command A.
This means command A must precede command B in the input script if it
is to have the desired effect. For example, the
<A HREF = "read_data.html">read_data</A> command initializes the system by setting
up the simulation box and assigning atoms to processors. If default
values are not desired, the <A HREF = "processors.html">processors</A> and
<A HREF = "boundary.html">boundary</A> commands need to be used before read_data to
tell LAMMPS how to map processors to the simulation box.
</P>
<P>Many input script errors are detected by LAMMPS and an ERROR or
WARNING message is printed. <A HREF = "Section_errors.html">This section</A> gives
more information on what errors mean. The documentation for each
command lists restrictions on how the command can be used.
</P>
<HR>
<A NAME = "cmd_2"></A><H4>3.2 Parsing rules
</H4>
<P>Each non-blank line in the input script is treated as a command.
LAMMPS commands are case sensitive. Command names are lower-case, as
are specified command arguments. Upper case letters may be used in
file names or user-chosen ID strings.
</P>
<P>Here is how each line in the input script is parsed by LAMMPS:
</P>
<P>(1) If the last printable character on the line is a "&" character
(with no surrounding quotes), the command is assumed to continue on
the next line. The next line is concatenated to the previous line by
removing the "&" character and newline. This allows long commands to
be continued across two or more lines.
</P>
<P>(2) All characters from the first "#" character onward are treated as
comment and discarded. See an exception in (6). Note that a
comment after a trailing "&" character will prevent the command from
continuing on the next line. Also note that for multi-line commands a
single leading "#" will comment out the entire command.
</P>
<P>(3) The line is searched repeatedly for $ characters, which indicate
variables that are replaced with a text string. See an exception in
(6).
</P>
<P>If the $ is followed by curly brackets, then the variable name is the
text inside the curly brackets. If no curly brackets follow the $,
then the variable name is the single character immediately following
the $. Thus ${myTemp} and $x refer to variable names "myTemp" and
"x".
</P>
<P>How the variable is converted to a text string depends on what style
of variable it is; see the <A HREF = "variable">variable</A> doc page for details.
It can be a variable that stores multiple text strings, and return one
of them. The returned text string can be multiple "words" (space
separated) which will then be interpreted as multiple arguments in the
input command. The variable can also store a numeric formula which
will be evaluated and its numeric result returned as a string.
</P>
<P>As a special case, if the $ is followed by parenthesis, then the text
inside the parenthesis is treated as an "immediate" variable and
evaluated as an <A HREF = "variable.html">equal-style variable</A>. This is a way
to use numeric formulas in an input script without having to assign
them to variable names. For example, these 3 input script lines:
</P>
<PRE>variable X equal (xlo+xhi)/2+sqrt(v_area)
region 1 block $X 2 INF INF EDGE EDGE
variable X delete
</PRE>
<P>can be replaced by
</P>
<PRE>region 1 block $((xlo+xhi)/2+sqrt(v_area)) 2 INF INF EDGE EDGE
</PRE>
<P>so that you do not have to define (or discard) a temporary variable X.
</P>
<P>Note that neither the curly-bracket or immediate form of variables can
contain nested $ characters for other variables to substitute for.
Thus you cannot do this:
</P>
<PRE>variable a equal 2
variable b2 equal 4
print "B2 = ${b$a}"
</PRE>
<P>Nor can you specify this $($x-1.0) for an immediate variable, but
you could use $(v_x-1.0), since the latter is valid syntax for an
<A HREF = "variable.html">equal-style variable</A>.
</P>
<P>See the <A HREF = "variable.html">variable</A> command for more details of how
strings are assigned to variables and evaluated, and how they can be
used in input script commands.
</P>
<P>(4) The line is broken into "words" separated by whitespace (tabs,
spaces). Note that words can thus contain letters, digits,
underscores, or punctuation characters.
</P>
<P>(5) The first word is the command name. All successive words in the
line are arguments.
</P>
<P>(6) If you want text with spaces to be treated as a single argument,
it can be enclosed in either double or single quotes. A long single
argument enclosed in quotes can even span multiple lines if the "&"
character is used, as described above. E.g.
</P>
<PRE>print "Volume = $v"
print 'Volume = $v'
variable a string "red green blue &
purple orange cyan"
if "$<I>steps</I> > 1000" then quit
</PRE>
<P>The quotes are removed when the single argument is stored internally.
</P>
<P>See the <A HREF = "dump_modify.html">dump modify format</A> or <A HREF = "print.html">print</A> or
<A HREF = "if.html">if</A> commands for examples. A "#" or "$" character that is
between quotes will not be treated as a comment indicator in (2) or
substituted for as a variable in (3).
</P>
<P>IMPORTANT NOTE: If the argument is itself a command that requires a
quoted argument (e.g. using a <A HREF = "print.html">print</A> command as part of an
<A HREF = "if.html">if</A> or <A HREF = "run.html">run every</A> command), then the double and
single quotes can be nested in the usual manner. See the doc pages
for those commands for examples. Only one of level of nesting is
allowed, but that should be sufficient for most use cases.
</P>
<HR>
<H4><A NAME = "cmd_3"></A>3.3 Input script structure
</H4>
<P>This section describes the structure of a typical LAMMPS input script.
The "examples" directory in the LAMMPS distribution contains many
sample input scripts; the corresponding problems are discussed in
<A HREF = "Section_example.html">Section_example</A>, and animated on the <A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov">LAMMPS
WWW Site</A>.
</P>
<P>A LAMMPS input script typically has 4 parts:
</P>
<OL><LI>Initialization
<LI>Atom definition
<LI>Settings
<LI>Run a simulation
</OL>
<P>The last 2 parts can be repeated as many times as desired. I.e. run a
simulation, change some settings, run some more, etc. Each of the 4
parts is now described in more detail. Remember that almost all the
commands need only be used if a non-default value is desired.
</P>
<P>(1) Initialization
</P>
<P>Set parameters that need to be defined before atoms are created or
read-in from a file.
</P>
<P>The relevant commands are <A HREF = "units.html">units</A>,
<A HREF = "dimension.html">dimension</A>, <A HREF = "newton.html">newton</A>,
<A HREF = "processors.html">processors</A>, <A HREF = "boundary.html">boundary</A>,
<A HREF = "atom_style.html">atom_style</A>, <A HREF = "atom_modify.html">atom_modify</A>.
</P>
<P>If force-field parameters appear in the files that will be read, these
commands tell LAMMPS what kinds of force fields are being used:
<A HREF = "pair_style.html">pair_style</A>, <A HREF = "bond_style.html">bond_style</A>,
<A HREF = "angle_style.html">angle_style</A>, <A HREF = "dihedral_style.html">dihedral_style</A>,
<A HREF = "improper_style.html">improper_style</A>.
</P>
<P>(2) Atom definition
</P>
<P>There are 3 ways to define atoms in LAMMPS. Read them in from a data
or restart file via the <A HREF = "read_data.html">read_data</A> or
<A HREF = "read_restart.html">read_restart</A> commands. These files can contain
molecular topology information. Or create atoms on a lattice (with no
molecular topology), using these commands: <A HREF = "lattice.html">lattice</A>,
<A HREF = "region.html">region</A>, <A HREF = "create_box.html">create_box</A>,
<A HREF = "create_atoms.html">create_atoms</A>. The entire set of atoms can be
duplicated to make a larger simulation using the
<A HREF = "replicate.html">replicate</A> command.
</P>
<P>(3) Settings
</P>
<P>Once atoms and molecular topology are defined, a variety of settings
can be specified: force field coefficients, simulation parameters,
output options, etc.
</P>
<P>Force field coefficients are set by these commands (they can also be
set in the read-in files): <A HREF = "pair_coeff.html">pair_coeff</A>,
<A HREF = "bond_coeff.html">bond_coeff</A>, <A HREF = "angle_coeff.html">angle_coeff</A>,
<A HREF = "dihedral_coeff.html">dihedral_coeff</A>,
<A HREF = "improper_coeff.html">improper_coeff</A>,
<A HREF = "kspace_style.html">kspace_style</A>, <A HREF = "dielectric.html">dielectric</A>,
<A HREF = "special_bonds.html">special_bonds</A>.
</P>
<P>Various simulation parameters are set by these commands:
<A HREF = "neighbor.html">neighbor</A>, <A HREF = "neigh_modify.html">neigh_modify</A>,
<A HREF = "group.html">group</A>, <A HREF = "timestep.html">timestep</A>,
<A HREF = "reset_timestep.html">reset_timestep</A>, <A HREF = "run_style.html">run_style</A>,
<A HREF = "min_style.html">min_style</A>, <A HREF = "min_modify.html">min_modify</A>.
</P>
<P>Fixes impose a variety of boundary conditions, time integration, and
diagnostic options. The <A HREF = "fix.html">fix</A> command comes in many flavors.
</P>
<P>Various computations can be specified for execution during a
simulation using the <A HREF = "compute.html">compute</A>,
<A HREF = "compute_modify.html">compute_modify</A>, and <A HREF = "variable.html">variable</A>
commands.
</P>
<P>Output options are set by the <A HREF = "thermo.html">thermo</A>, <A HREF = "dump.html">dump</A>,
and <A HREF = "restart.html">restart</A> commands.
</P>
<P>(4) Run a simulation
</P>
<P>A molecular dynamics simulation is run using the <A HREF = "run.html">run</A>
command. Energy minimization (molecular statics) is performed using
the <A HREF = "minimize.html">minimize</A> command. A parallel tempering
(replica-exchange) simulation can be run using the
<A HREF = "temper.html">temper</A> command.
</P>
<HR>
<A NAME = "cmd_4"></A><H4>3.4 Commands listed by category
</H4>
<P>This section lists all LAMMPS commands, grouped by category. The
<A HREF = "#cmd_5">next section</A> lists the same commands alphabetically. Note
that some style options for some commands are part of specific LAMMPS
packages, which means they cannot be used unless the package was
included when LAMMPS was built. Not all packages are included in a
default LAMMPS build. These dependencies are listed as Restrictions
in the command's documentation.
</P>
<P>Initialization:
</P>
<P><A HREF = "atom_modify.html">atom_modify</A>, <A HREF = "atom_style.html">atom_style</A>,
<A HREF = "boundary.html">boundary</A>, <A HREF = "dimension.html">dimension</A>,
<A HREF = "newton.html">newton</A>, <A HREF = "processors.html">processors</A>, <A HREF = "units.html">units</A>
</P>
<P>Atom definition:
</P>
<P><A HREF = "create_atoms.html">create_atoms</A>, <A HREF = "create_box.html">create_box</A>,
<A HREF = "lattice.html">lattice</A>, <A HREF = "read_data.html">read_data</A>,
<A HREF = "read_dump.html">read_dump</A>, <A HREF = "read_restart.html">read_restart</A>,
<A HREF = "region.html">region</A>, <A HREF = "replicate.html">replicate</A>
</P>
<P>Force fields:
</P>
<P><A HREF = "angle_coeff.html">angle_coeff</A>, <A HREF = "angle_style.html">angle_style</A>,
<A HREF = "bond_coeff.html">bond_coeff</A>, <A HREF = "bond_style.html">bond_style</A>,
<A HREF = "dielectric.html">dielectric</A>, <A HREF = "dihedral_coeff.html">dihedral_coeff</A>,
<A HREF = "dihedral_style.html">dihedral_style</A>,
<A HREF = "improper_coeff.html">improper_coeff</A>,
<A HREF = "improper_style.html">improper_style</A>,
<A HREF = "kspace_modify.html">kspace_modify</A>, <A HREF = "kspace_style.html">kspace_style</A>,
<A HREF = "pair_coeff.html">pair_coeff</A>, <A HREF = "pair_modify.html">pair_modify</A>,
<A HREF = "pair_style.html">pair_style</A>, <A HREF = "pair_write.html">pair_write</A>,
<A HREF = "special_bonds.html">special_bonds</A>
</P>
<P>Settings:
</P>
<P><A HREF = "comm_style.html">comm_style</A>, <A HREF = "group.html">group</A>, <A HREF = "mass.html">mass</A>,
<A HREF = "min_modify.html">min_modify</A>, <A HREF = "min_style.html">min_style</A>,
<A HREF = "neigh_modify.html">neigh_modify</A>, <A HREF = "neighbor.html">neighbor</A>,
<A HREF = "reset_timestep.html">reset_timestep</A>, <A HREF = "run_style.html">run_style</A>,
<A HREF = "set.html">set</A>, <A HREF = "timestep.html">timestep</A>, <A HREF = "velocity.html">velocity</A>
</P>
<P>Fixes:
</P>
<P><A HREF = "fix.html">fix</A>, <A HREF = "fix_modify.html">fix_modify</A>, <A HREF = "unfix.html">unfix</A>
</P>
<P>Computes:
</P>
<P><A HREF = "compute.html">compute</A>, <A HREF = "compute_modify.html">compute_modify</A>,
<A HREF = "uncompute.html">uncompute</A>
</P>
<P>Output:
</P>
<P><A HREF = "dump.html">dump</A>, <A HREF = "dump_image.html">dump image</A>,
<A HREF = "dump_modify.html">dump_modify</A>, <A HREF = "dump_image.html">dump movie</A>,
<A HREF = "restart.html">restart</A>, <A HREF = "thermo.html">thermo</A>,
<A HREF = "thermo_modify.html">thermo_modify</A>, <A HREF = "thermo_style.html">thermo_style</A>,
<A HREF = "undump.html">undump</A>, <A HREF = "write_data.html">write_data</A>,
<A HREF = "write_dump.html">write_dump</A>, <A HREF = "write_restart.html">write_restart</A>
</P>
<P>Actions:
</P>
<P><A HREF = "delete_atoms.html">delete_atoms</A>, <A HREF = "delete_bonds.html">delete_bonds</A>,
<A HREF = "displace_atoms.html">displace_atoms</A>, <A HREF = "change_box.html">change_box</A>,
<A HREF = "minimize.html">minimize</A>, <A HREF = "neb.html">neb</A> <A HREF = "prd.html">prd</A>,
<A HREF = "rerun.html">rerun</A>, <A HREF = "run.html">run</A>, <A HREF = "temper.html">temper</A>
</P>
<P>Miscellaneous:
</P>
<P><A HREF = "clear.html">clear</A>, <A HREF = "echo.html">echo</A>, <A HREF = "if.html">if</A>,
<A HREF = "include.html">include</A>, <A HREF = "jump.html">jump</A>, <A HREF = "label.html">label</A>,
<A HREF = "log.html">log</A>, <A HREF = "next.html">next</A>, <A HREF = "print.html">print</A>,
<A HREF = "shell.html">shell</A>, <A HREF = "variable.html">variable</A>
</P>
<HR>
<H4><A NAME = "cmd_5"></A><A NAME = "comm"></A>3.5 Individual commands
</H4>
<P>This section lists all LAMMPS commands alphabetically, with a separate
listing below of styles within certain commands. The <A HREF = "#cmd_4">previous
section</A> lists the same commands, grouped by category. Note
that some style options for some commands are part of specific LAMMPS
packages, which means they cannot be used unless the package was
included when LAMMPS was built. Not all packages are included in a
default LAMMPS build. These dependencies are listed as Restrictions
in the command's documentation.
</P>
<DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE BORDER=1 >
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "angle_coeff.html">angle_coeff</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "angle_style.html">angle_style</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "atom_modify.html">atom_modify</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "atom_style.html">atom_style</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "balance.html">balance</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "bond_coeff.html">bond_coeff</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "bond_style.html">bond_style</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "boundary.html">boundary</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "box.html">box</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "change_box.html">change_box</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "clear.html">clear</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "comm_modify.html">comm_modify</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "comm_style.html">comm_style</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute.html">compute</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_modify.html">compute_modify</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "create_atoms.html">create_atoms</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "create_box.html">create_box</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "delete_atoms.html">delete_atoms</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "delete_bonds.html">delete_bonds</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "dielectric.html">dielectric</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "dihedral_coeff.html">dihedral_coeff</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "dihedral_style.html">dihedral_style</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "dimension.html">dimension</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "displace_atoms.html">displace_atoms</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "dump.html">dump</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "dump_image.html">dump image</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "dump_modify.html">dump_modify</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "dump_image.html">dump movie</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "echo.html">echo</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix.html">fix</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_modify.html">fix_modify</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "group.html">group</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "if.html">if</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "improper_coeff.html">improper_coeff</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "improper_style.html">improper_style</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "include.html">include</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "jump.html">jump</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "kspace_modify.html">kspace_modify</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "kspace_style.html">kspace_style</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "label.html">label</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "lattice.html">lattice</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "log.html">log</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "mass.html">mass</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "minimize.html">minimize</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "min_modify.html">min_modify</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "min_style.html">min_style</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "molecule.html">molecule</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "neb.html">neb</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "neigh_modify.html">neigh_modify</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "neighbor.html">neighbor</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "newton.html">newton</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "next.html">next</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "package.html">package</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_coeff.html">pair_coeff</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_modify.html">pair_modify</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_style.html">pair_style</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_write.html">pair_write</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "partition.html">partition</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "prd.html">prd</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "print.html">print</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "processors.html">processors</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "quit.html">quit</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "read_data.html">read_data</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "read_dump.html">read_dump</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "read_restart.html">read_restart</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "region.html">region</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "replicate.html">replicate</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "rerun.html">rerun</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "reset_timestep.html">reset_timestep</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "restart.html">restart</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "run.html">run</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "run_style.html">run_style</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "set.html">set</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "shell.html">shell</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "special_bonds.html">special_bonds</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "suffix.html">suffix</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "tad.html">tad</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "temper.html">temper</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "thermo.html">thermo</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "thermo_modify.html">thermo_modify</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "thermo_style.html">thermo_style</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "timestep.html">timestep</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "uncompute.html">uncompute</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "undump.html">undump</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "unfix.html">unfix</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "units.html">units</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "variable.html">variable</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "velocity.html">velocity</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "write_data.html">write_data</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "write_dump.html">write_dump</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "write_restart.html">write_restart</A>
</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
<P>These are additional commands in USER packages, which can be used if
<A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_3">LAMMPS is built with the appropriate
package</A>.
</P>
<DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE BORDER=1 >
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "group2ndx.html">group2ndx</A>
</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
<HR>
<H4>Fix styles
</H4>
<P>See the <A HREF = "fix.html">fix</A> command for one-line descriptions of each style
or click on the style itself for a full description. Some of the
styles have accelerated versions, which can be used if LAMMPS is built
with the <A HREF = "Section_accelerate.html">appropriate accelerated package</A>.
This is indicated by additional letters in parenthesis: c = USER-CUDA,
g = GPU, i = USER-INTEL, k = KOKKOS, o = USER-OMP, t = OPT.
</P>
<DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE BORDER=1 >
-<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_adapt.html">adapt</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_addforce.html">addforce (c)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_append_atoms.html">append/atoms</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_aveforce.html">aveforce (c)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_ave_atom.html">ave/atom</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_ave_correlate.html">ave/correlate</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_ave_histo.html">ave/histo</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_ave_spatial.html">ave/spatial</A></TD></TR>
-<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_ave_time.html">ave/time</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_balance.html">balance</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_bond_break.html">bond/break</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_bond_create.html">bond/create</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_bond_swap.html">bond/swap</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_box_relax.html">box/relax</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_deform.html">deform</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_deposit.html">deposit</A></TD></TR>
-<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_drag.html">drag</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_dt_reset.html">dt/reset</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_efield.html">efield</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_enforce2d.html">enforce2d (c)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_evaporate.html">evaporate</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_external.html">external</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_freeze.html">freeze (c)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_gcmc.html">gcmc</A></TD></TR>
-<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_gld.html">gld</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_gravity.html">gravity (co)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_heat.html">heat</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_indent.html">indent</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_langevin.html">langevin (k)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_lineforce.html">lineforce</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_momentum.html">momentum</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_move.html">move</A></TD></TR>
-<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_msst.html">msst</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_neb.html">neb</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nh.html">nph (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nphug.html">nphug (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nph_asphere.html">nph/asphere (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nph_sphere.html">nph/sphere (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nh.html">npt (co)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_npt_asphere.html">npt/asphere (o)</A></TD></TR>
-<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_npt_sphere.html">npt/sphere (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nve.html">nve (cko)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nve_asphere.html">nve/asphere</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nve_asphere_noforce.html">nve/asphere/noforce</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nve_body.html">nve/body</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nve_limit.html">nve/limit</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nve_line.html">nve/line</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nve_noforce.html">nve/noforce</A></TD></TR>
-<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nve_sphere.html">nve/sphere (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nve_tri.html">nve/tri</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nh.html">nvt (co)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nvt_asphere.html">nvt/asphere (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nvt_sllod.html">nvt/sllod (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nvt_sphere.html">nvt/sphere (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_oneway.html">oneway</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_orient_fcc.html">orient/fcc</A></TD></TR>
-<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_planeforce.html">planeforce</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_poems.html">poems</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_pour.html">pour</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_press_berendsen.html">press/berendsen</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_print.html">print</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_property_atom.html">property/atom</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_qeq_comb.html">qeq/comb (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_qeq.html">qeq/dynamic</A></TD></TR>
-<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_qeq.html">qeq/point</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_qeq.html">qeq/shielded</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_qeq.html">qeq/slater</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_reax_bonds.html">reax/bonds</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_recenter.html">recenter</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_restrain.html">restrain</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_rigid.html">rigid (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_rigid.html">rigid/nph (o)</A></TD></TR>
-<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_rigid.html">rigid/npt (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_rigid.html">rigid/nve (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_rigid.html">rigid/nvt (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_rigid.html">rigid/small (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_rigid.html">rigid/small/nph</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_rigid.html">rigid/small/npt</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_rigid.html">rigid/small/nve</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_rigid.html">rigid/small/nvt</A></TD></TR>
-<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_setforce.html">setforce (c)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_shake.html">shake (c)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_spring.html">spring</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_spring_rg.html">spring/rg</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_spring_self.html">spring/self</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_srd.html">srd</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_store_force.html">store/force</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_store_state.html">store/state</A></TD></TR>
-<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_temp_berendsen.html">temp/berendsen (c)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_temp_csvr.html">temp/csvr</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_temp_rescale.html">temp/rescale (c)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_thermal_conductivity.html">thermal/conductivity</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_tmd.html">tmd</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_ttm.html">ttm</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_tune_kspace.html">tune/kspace</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_vector.html">vector</A></TD></TR>
-<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_viscosity.html">viscosity</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_viscous.html">viscous (c)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_wall.html">wall/colloid</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_wall_gran.html">wall/gran</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_wall.html">wall/harmonic</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_wall.html">wall/lj1043</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_wall.html">wall/lj126</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_wall.html">wall/lj93</A></TD></TR>
-<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_wall_piston.html">wall/piston</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_wall_reflect.html">wall/reflect</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_wall_region.html">wall/region</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_wall_srd.html">wall/srd</A>
+<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_adapt.html">adapt</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_addforce.html">addforce (c)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_append_atoms.html">append/atoms</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_atom_swap.html">atom/swap</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_aveforce.html">aveforce (c)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_ave_atom.html">ave/atom</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_ave_correlate.html">ave/correlate</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_ave_histo.html">ave/histo</A></TD></TR>
+<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_ave_spatial.html">ave/spatial</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_ave_time.html">ave/time</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_balance.html">balance</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_bond_break.html">bond/break</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_bond_create.html">bond/create</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_bond_swap.html">bond/swap</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_box_relax.html">box/relax</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_deform.html">deform</A></TD></TR>
+<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_deposit.html">deposit</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_drag.html">drag</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_dt_reset.html">dt/reset</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_efield.html">efield</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_enforce2d.html">enforce2d (c)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_evaporate.html">evaporate</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_external.html">external</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_freeze.html">freeze (c)</A></TD></TR>
+<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_gcmc.html">gcmc</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_gld.html">gld</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_gravity.html">gravity (co)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_heat.html">heat</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_indent.html">indent</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_langevin.html">langevin (k)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_lineforce.html">lineforce</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_momentum.html">momentum</A></TD></TR>
+<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_move.html">move</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_msst.html">msst</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_neb.html">neb</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nh.html">nph (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nphug.html">nphug (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nph_asphere.html">nph/asphere (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nph_sphere.html">nph/sphere (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nh.html">npt (co)</A></TD></TR>
+<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_npt_asphere.html">npt/asphere (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_npt_sphere.html">npt/sphere (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nve.html">nve (cko)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nve_asphere.html">nve/asphere</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nve_asphere_noforce.html">nve/asphere/noforce</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nve_body.html">nve/body</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nve_limit.html">nve/limit</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nve_line.html">nve/line</A></TD></TR>
+<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nve_noforce.html">nve/noforce</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nve_sphere.html">nve/sphere (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nve_tri.html">nve/tri</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nh.html">nvt (co)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nvt_asphere.html">nvt/asphere (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nvt_sllod.html">nvt/sllod (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nvt_sphere.html">nvt/sphere (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_oneway.html">oneway</A></TD></TR>
+<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_orient_fcc.html">orient/fcc</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_planeforce.html">planeforce</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_poems.html">poems</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_pour.html">pour</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_press_berendsen.html">press/berendsen</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_print.html">print</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_property_atom.html">property/atom</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_qeq_comb.html">qeq/comb (o)</A></TD></TR>
+<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_qeq.html">qeq/dynamic</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_qeq.html">qeq/point</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_qeq.html">qeq/shielded</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_qeq.html">qeq/slater</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_reax_bonds.html">reax/bonds</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_recenter.html">recenter</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_restrain.html">restrain</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_rigid.html">rigid (o)</A></TD></TR>
+<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_rigid.html">rigid/nph (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_rigid.html">rigid/npt (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_rigid.html">rigid/nve (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_rigid.html">rigid/nvt (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_rigid.html">rigid/small (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_rigid.html">rigid/small/nph</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_rigid.html">rigid/small/npt</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_rigid.html">rigid/small/nve</A></TD></TR>
+<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_rigid.html">rigid/small/nvt</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_setforce.html">setforce (c)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_shake.html">shake (c)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_spring.html">spring</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_spring_rg.html">spring/rg</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_spring_self.html">spring/self</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_srd.html">srd</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_store_force.html">store/force</A></TD></TR>
+<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_store_state.html">store/state</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_temp_berendsen.html">temp/berendsen (c)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_temp_csvr.html">temp/csvr</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_temp_rescale.html">temp/rescale (c)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_thermal_conductivity.html">thermal/conductivity</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_tmd.html">tmd</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_ttm.html">ttm</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_tune_kspace.html">tune/kspace</A></TD></TR>
+<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_vector.html">vector</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_viscosity.html">viscosity</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_viscous.html">viscous (c)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_wall.html">wall/colloid</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_wall_gran.html">wall/gran</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_wall.html">wall/harmonic</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_wall.html">wall/lj1043</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_wall.html">wall/lj126</A></TD></TR>
+<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_wall.html">wall/lj93</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_wall_piston.html">wall/piston</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_wall_reflect.html">wall/reflect</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_wall_region.html">wall/region</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_wall_srd.html">wall/srd</A>
</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
<P>These are additional fix styles in USER packages, which can be used if
<A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_3">LAMMPS is built with the appropriate
package</A>.
</P>
<DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE BORDER=1 >
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_adapt_fep.html">adapt/fep</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_addtorque.html">addtorque</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_atc.html">atc</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_ave_spatial_sphere.html">ave/spatial/sphere</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_colvars.html">colvars</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_gle.html">gle</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_imd.html">imd</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_ipi.html">ipi</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_langevin_eff.html">langevin/eff</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_lb_fluid.html">lb/fluid</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_lb_momentum.html">lb/momentum</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_lb_pc.html">lb/pc</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_lb_rigid_pc_sphere.html">lb/rigid/pc/sphere</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_lb_viscous.html">lb/viscous</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_meso.html">meso</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_meso_stationary.html">meso/stationary</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nh_eff.html">nph/eff</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nh_eff.html">npt/eff</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nve_eff.html">nve/eff</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nh_eff.html">nvt/eff</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_nvt_sllod_eff.html">nvt/sllod/eff</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_phonon.html">phonon</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_pimd.html">pimd</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_qeq_reax.html">qeq/reax</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_qmmm.html">qmmm</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_reax_bonds.html">reax/c/bonds</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_reaxc_species.html">reax/c/species</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_smd.html">smd</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_temp_rescale_eff.html">temp/rescale/eff</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "fix_ti_rs.html">ti/rs</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "fix_ti_spring.html">ti/spring</A>
</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
<HR>
<H4>Compute styles
</H4>
<P>See the <A HREF = "compute.html">compute</A> command for one-line descriptions of
each style or click on the style itself for a full description. Some
of the styles have accelerated versions, which can be used if LAMMPS
is built with the <A HREF = "Section_accelerate.html">appropriate accelerated
package</A>. This is indicated by additional
letters in parenthesis: c = USER-CUDA, g = GPU, i = USER-INTEL, k =
KOKKOS, o = USER-OMP, t = OPT.
</P>
<DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE BORDER=1 >
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "compute_angle_local.html">angle/local</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_atom_molecule.html">atom/molecule</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_body_local.html">body/local</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_bond_local.html">bond/local</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_centro_atom.html">centro/atom</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_cluster_atom.html">cluster/atom</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "compute_cna_atom.html">cna/atom</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_com.html">com</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_com_molecule.html">com/molecule</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_contact_atom.html">contact/atom</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_coord_atom.html">coord/atom</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_damage_atom.html">damage/atom</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "compute_dihedral_local.html">dihedral/local</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_dilatation_atom.html">dilatation/atom</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_displace_atom.html">displace/atom</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_erotate_asphere.html">erotate/asphere</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_erotate_rigid.html">erotate/rigid</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_erotate_sphere.html">erotate/sphere</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "compute_erotate_sphere_atom.html">erotate/sphere/atom</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_event_displace.html">event/displace</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_group_group.html">group/group</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_gyration.html">gyration</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_gyration_molecule.html">gyration/molecule</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_heat_flux.html">heat/flux</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "compute_improper_local.html">improper/local</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_inertia_molecule.html">inertia/molecule</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_ke.html">ke</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_ke_atom.html">ke/atom</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_ke_rigid.html">ke/rigid</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_msd.html">msd</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "compute_msd_molecule.html">msd/molecule</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_msd_nongauss.html">msd/nongauss</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_pair.html">pair</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_pair_local.html">pair/local</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_pe.html">pe (c)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_pe_atom.html">pe/atom</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "compute_plasticity_atom.html">plasticity/atom</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_pressure.html">pressure (c)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_property_atom.html">property/atom</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_property_local.html">property/local</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_property_molecule.html">property/molecule</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_rdf.html">rdf</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "compute_reduce.html">reduce</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_reduce.html">reduce/region</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_slice.html">slice</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_sna.html">sna/atom</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_sna.html">snad/atom</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_sna.html">snav/atom</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "compute_stress_atom.html">stress/atom</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_temp.html">temp (c)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_temp_asphere.html">temp/asphere</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_temp_com.html">temp/com</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_temp_deform.html">temp/deform</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_temp_partial.html">temp/partial (c)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "compute_temp_profile.html">temp/profile</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_temp_ramp.html">temp/ramp</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_temp_region.html">temp/region</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_temp_sphere.html">temp/sphere</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_ti.html">ti</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_vacf.html">vacf</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "compute_vcm_molecule.html">vcm/molecule</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_voronoi_atom.html">voronoi/atom</A>
</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
<P>These are additional compute styles in USER packages, which can be
used if <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_3">LAMMPS is built with the appropriate
package</A>.
</P>
<DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE BORDER=1 >
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "compute_ackland_atom.html">ackland/atom</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_basal_atom.html">basal/atom</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_fep.html">fep</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_ke_eff.html">ke/eff</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_ke_atom_eff.html">ke/atom/eff</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_meso_e_atom.html">meso_e/atom</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "compute_meso_rho_atom.html">meso_rho/atom</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_meso_t_atom.html">meso_t/atom</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_temp_eff.html">temp/eff</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_temp_deform_eff.html">temp/deform/eff</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_temp_region_eff.html">temp/region/eff</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "compute_temp_rotate.html">temp/rotate</A>
</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
<HR>
<H4>Pair_style potentials
</H4>
<P>See the <A HREF = "pair_style.html">pair_style</A> command for an overview of pair
potentials. Click on the style itself for a full description. Many
of the styles have accelerated versions, which can be used if LAMMPS
is built with the <A HREF = "Section_accelerate.html">appropriate accelerated
package</A>. This is indicated by additional
letters in parenthesis: c = USER-CUDA, g = GPU, i = USER-INTEL, k =
KOKKOS, o = USER-OMP, t = OPT.
</P>
<DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE BORDER=1 >
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_none.html">none</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_hybrid.html">hybrid</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_hybrid.html">hybrid/overlay</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_adp.html">adp (o)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_airebo.html">airebo (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_beck.html">beck (go)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_body.html">body</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_bop.html">bop</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_born.html">born (go)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_born.html">born/coul/long (cgo)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_born.html">born/coul/msm (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_born.html">born/coul/wolf (go)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_brownian.html">brownian (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_brownian.html">brownian/poly (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_buck.html">buck (cgo)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_buck.html">buck/coul/cut (cgo)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_buck.html">buck/coul/long (cgo)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_buck.html">buck/coul/msm (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_buck_long.html">buck/long/coul/long (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_colloid.html">colloid (go)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_comb.html">comb (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_comb.html">comb3</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_coul.html">coul/cut (gko)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_coul.html">coul/debye (go)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_coul.html">coul/dsf (go)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_coul.html">coul/long (go)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_coul.html">coul/msm</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_coul.html">coul/wolf (o)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_dpd.html">dpd (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_dpd.html">dpd/tstat (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_dsmc.html">dsmc</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_eam.html">eam (cgot)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_eam.html">eam/alloy (cgot)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_eam.html">eam/fs (cgot)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_eim.html">eim (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_gauss.html">gauss (go)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_gayberne.html">gayberne (gio)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_gran.html">gran/hertz/history (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_gran.html">gran/hooke (co)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_gran.html">gran/hooke/history (o)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_hbond_dreiding.html">hbond/dreiding/lj (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_hbond_dreiding.html">hbond/dreiding/morse (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_kim.html">kim</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lcbop.html">lcbop</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_line_lj.html">line/lj (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_charmm.html">lj/charmm/coul/charmm (co)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_charmm.html">lj/charmm/coul/charmm/implicit (co)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_charmm.html">lj/charmm/coul/long (cgio)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_charmm.html">lj/charmm/coul/msm</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_class2.html">lj/class2 (cgo)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_class2.html">lj/class2/coul/cut (co)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_class2.html">lj/class2/coul/long (cgo)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lj.html">lj/cut (cgikot)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lj.html">lj/cut/coul/cut (cgko)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lj.html">lj/cut/coul/debye (cgo)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lj.html">lj/cut/coul/dsf (go)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lj.html">lj/cut/coul/long (cgikot)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lj.html">lj/cut/coul/msm (go)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_dipole.html">lj/cut/dipole/cut (go)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_dipole.html">lj/cut/dipole/long</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lj.html">lj/cut/tip4p/cut (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lj.html">lj/cut/tip4p/long (ot)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lj_expand.html">lj/expand (cgo)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_gromacs.html">lj/gromacs (cgo)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_gromacs.html">lj/gromacs/coul/gromacs (co)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lj_long.html">lj/long/coul/long (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_dipole.html">lj/long/dipole/long</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lj_long.html">lj/long/tip4p/long</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lj_smooth.html">lj/smooth (co)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lj_smooth_linear.html">lj/smooth/linear (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lj96.html">lj96/cut (cgo)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lubricate.html">lubricate (o)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lubricate.html">lubricate/poly (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lubricateU.html">lubricateU</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lubricateU.html">lubricateU/poly</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_meam.html">meam (o)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_mie.html">mie/cut (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_morse.html">morse (cgot)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_nb3b_harmonic.html">nb3b/harmonic (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_nm.html">nm/cut (o)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_nm.html">nm/cut/coul/cut (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_nm.html">nm/cut/coul/long (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_peri.html">peri/eps</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_peri.html">peri/lps (o)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_peri.html">peri/pmb (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_peri.html">peri/ves</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_reax.html">reax</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_airebo.html">rebo (o)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_resquared.html">resquared (go)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_snap.html">snap</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_soft.html">soft (go)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_sw.html">sw (cgo)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_table.html">table (gko)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_tersoff.html">tersoff (co)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_tersoff_mod.html">tersoff/mod (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_tersoff_zbl.html">tersoff/zbl (o)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_coul.html">tip4p/cut (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_coul.html">tip4p/long (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_tri_lj.html">tri/lj (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_yukawa.html">yukawa (go)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_yukawa_colloid.html">yukawa/colloid (go)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_zbl.html">zbl (o)</A>
</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
<P>These are additional pair styles in USER packages, which can be used
if <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_3">LAMMPS is built with the appropriate
package</A>.
</P>
<DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE BORDER=1 >
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_awpmd.html">awpmd/cut</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lj_soft.html">coul/cut/soft (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_coul_diel.html">coul/diel (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lj_soft.html">coul/long/soft (o)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_eam.html">eam/cd (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_edip.html">edip (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_eff.html">eff/cut</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_gauss.html">gauss/cut</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_list.html">list</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_charmm.html">lj/charmm/coul/long/soft (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lj_soft.html">lj/cut/coul/cut/soft (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lj_soft.html">lj/cut/coul/long/soft (o)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_dipole.html">lj/cut/dipole/sf (go)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lj_soft.html">lj/cut/soft (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lj_soft.html">lj/cut/tip4p/long/soft (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_sdk.html">lj/sdk (go)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_sdk.html">lj/sdk/coul/long (go)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_sdk.html">lj/sdk/coul/msm (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lj_sf.html">lj/sf (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_meam_spline.html">meam/spline</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_meam_sw_spline.html">meam/sw/spline</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_reax_c.html">reax/c</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_sph_heatconduction.html">sph/heatconduction</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_sph_idealgas.html">sph/idealgas</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_sph_lj.html">sph/lj</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_sph_rhosum.html">sph/rhosum</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_sph_taitwater.html">sph/taitwater</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_sph_taitwater_morris.html">sph/taitwater/morris</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "pair_srp.html">srp</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_tersoff.html">tersoff/table (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "pair_lj_soft.html">tip4p/long/soft (o)</A>
</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
<HR>
<H4>Bond_style potentials
</H4>
<P>See the <A HREF = "bond_style.html">bond_style</A> command for an overview of bond
potentials. Click on the style itself for a full description. Some
of the styles have accelerated versions, which can be used if LAMMPS
is built with the <A HREF = "Section_accelerate.html">appropriate accelerated
package</A>. This is indicated by additional
letters in parenthesis: c = USER-CUDA, g = GPU, i = USER-INTEL, k =
KOKKOS, o = USER-OMP, t = OPT.
</P>
<DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE BORDER=1 >
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "bond_none.html">none</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "bond_hybrid.html">hybrid</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "bond_class2.html">class2 (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "bond_fene.html">fene (o)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "bond_fene_expand.html">fene/expand (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "bond_harmonic.html">harmonic (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "bond_morse.html">morse (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "bond_nonlinear.html">nonlinear (o)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "bond_quartic.html">quartic (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "bond_table.html">table (o)</A>
</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
<P>These are additional bond styles in USER packages, which can be used
if <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_3">LAMMPS is built with the appropriate
package</A>.
</P>
<DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE BORDER=1 >
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "bond_harmonic_shift.html">harmonic/shift (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "bond_harmonic_shift_cut.html">harmonic/shift/cut (o)</A>
</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
<HR>
<H4>Angle_style potentials
</H4>
<P>See the <A HREF = "angle_style.html">angle_style</A> command for an overview of
angle potentials. Click on the style itself for a full description.
Some of the styles have accelerated versions, which can be used if
LAMMPS is built with the <A HREF = "Section_accelerate.html">appropriate accelerated
package</A>. This is indicated by additional
letters in parenthesis: c = USER-CUDA, g = GPU, i = USER-INTEL, k =
KOKKOS, o = USER-OMP, t = OPT.
</P>
<DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE BORDER=1 >
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "angle_none.html">none</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "angle_hybrid.html">hybrid</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "angle_charmm.html">charmm (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "angle_class2.html">class2 (o)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "angle_cosine.html">cosine (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "angle_cosine_delta.html">cosine/delta (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "angle_cosine_periodic.html">cosine/periodic (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "angle_cosine_squared.html">cosine/squared (o)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "angle_harmonic.html">harmonic (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "angle_table.html">table (o)</A>
</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
<P>These are additional angle styles in USER packages, which can be used
if <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_3">LAMMPS is built with the appropriate
package</A>.
</P>
<DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE BORDER=1 >
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "angle_cosine_shift.html">cosine/shift (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "angle_cosine_shift_exp.html">cosine/shift/exp (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "angle_dipole.html">dipole (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "angle_fourier.html">fourier (o)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "angle_fourier_simple.html">fourier/simple (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "angle_quartic.html">quartic (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "angle_sdk.html">sdk</A>
</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
<HR>
<H4>Dihedral_style potentials
</H4>
<P>See the <A HREF = "dihedral_style.html">dihedral_style</A> command for an overview
of dihedral potentials. Click on the style itself for a full
description. Some of the styles have accelerated versions, which can
be used if LAMMPS is built with the <A HREF = "Section_accelerate.html">appropriate accelerated
package</A>. This is indicated by additional
letters in parenthesis: c = USER-CUDA, g = GPU, i = USER-INTEL, k =
KOKKOS, o = USER-OMP, t = OPT.
</P>
<DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE BORDER=1 >
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "dihedral_none.html">none</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "dihedral_hybrid.html">hybrid</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "dihedral_charmm.html">charmm (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "dihedral_class2.html">class2 (o)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "dihedral_harmonic.html">harmonic (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "dihedral_helix.html">helix (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "dihedral_multi_harmonic.html">multi/harmonic (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "dihedral_opls.html">opls (o)</A>
</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
<P>These are additional dihedral styles in USER packages, which can be
used if <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_3">LAMMPS is built with the appropriate
package</A>.
</P>
<DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE BORDER=1 >
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "dihedral_cosine_shift_exp.html">cosine/shift/exp (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "dihedral_fourier.html">fourier (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "dihedral_nharmonic.html">nharmonic (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "dihedral_quadratic.html">quadratic (o)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "dihedral_table.html">table (o)</A>
</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
<HR>
<H4>Improper_style potentials
</H4>
<P>See the <A HREF = "improper_style.html">improper_style</A> command for an overview
of improper potentials. Click on the style itself for a full
description. Some of the styles have accelerated versions, which can
be used if LAMMPS is built with the <A HREF = "Section_accelerate.html">appropriate accelerated
package</A>. This is indicated by additional
letters in parenthesis: c = USER-CUDA, g = GPU, i = USER-INTEL, k =
KOKKOS, o = USER-OMP, t = OPT.
</P>
<DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE BORDER=1 >
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "improper_none.html">none</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "improper_hybrid.html">hybrid</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "improper_class2.html">class2 (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "improper_cvff.html">cvff (o)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "improper_harmonic.html">harmonic (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "improper_umbrella.html">umbrella (o)</A>
</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
<P>These are additional improper styles in USER packages, which can be
used if <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_3">LAMMPS is built with the appropriate
package</A>.
</P>
<DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE BORDER=1 >
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "improper_cossq.html">cossq (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "improper_fourier.html">fourier (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "improper_ring.html">ring (o)</A>
</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
<HR>
<H4>Kspace solvers
</H4>
<P>See the <A HREF = "kspace_style.html">kspace_style</A> command for an overview of
Kspace solvers. Click on the style itself for a full description.
Some of the styles have accelerated versions, which can be used if
LAMMPS is built with the <A HREF = "Section_accelerate.html">appropriate accelerated
package</A>. This is indicated by additional
letters in parenthesis: c = USER-CUDA, g = GPU, i = USER-INTEL, k =
KOKKOS, o = USER-OMP, t = OPT.
</P>
<DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE BORDER=1 >
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "kspace_style.html">ewald (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "kspace_style.html">ewald/disp</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "kspace_style.html">msm (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "kspace_style.html">msm/cg (o)</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "kspace_style.html">pppm (cgo)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "kspace_style.html">pppm/cg (o)</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "kspace_style.html">pppm/disp</A></TD><TD ><A HREF = "kspace_style.html">pppm/disp/tip4p</A></TD></TR>
<TR ALIGN="center"><TD ><A HREF = "kspace_style.html">pppm/tip4p (o)</A>
</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
</HTML>
diff --git a/doc/Section_commands.txt b/doc/Section_commands.txt
index 08db07a1e..09baad315 100644
--- a/doc/Section_commands.txt
+++ b/doc/Section_commands.txt
@@ -1,999 +1,1000 @@
"Previous Section"_Section_start.html - "LAMMPS WWW Site"_lws - "LAMMPS Documentation"_ld - "LAMMPS Commands"_lc - "Next Section"_Section_packages.html :c
:link(lws,http://lammps.sandia.gov)
:link(ld,Manual.html)
:link(lc,Section_commands.html#comm)
:line
3. Commands :h3
This section describes how a LAMMPS input script is formatted and the
input script commands used to define a LAMMPS simulation.
3.1 "LAMMPS input script"_#cmd_1
3.2 "Parsing rules"_#cmd_2
3.3 "Input script structure"_#cmd_3
3.4 "Commands listed by category"_#cmd_4
3.5 "Commands listed alphabetically"_#cmd_5 :all(b)
:line
:line
3.1 LAMMPS input script :link(cmd_1),h4
LAMMPS executes by reading commands from a input script (text file),
one line at a time. When the input script ends, LAMMPS exits. Each
command causes LAMMPS to take some action. It may set an internal
variable, read in a file, or run a simulation. Most commands have
default settings, which means you only need to use the command if you
wish to change the default.
In many cases, the ordering of commands in an input script is not
important. However the following rules apply:
(1) LAMMPS does not read your entire input script and then perform a
simulation with all the settings. Rather, the input script is read
one line at a time and each command takes effect when it is read.
Thus this sequence of commands:
timestep 0.5
run 100
run 100 :pre
does something different than this sequence:
run 100
timestep 0.5
run 100 :pre
In the first case, the specified timestep (0.5 fmsec) is used for two
simulations of 100 timesteps each. In the 2nd case, the default
timestep (1.0 fmsec) is used for the 1st 100 step simulation and a 0.5
fmsec timestep is used for the 2nd one.
(2) Some commands are only valid when they follow other commands. For
example you cannot set the temperature of a group of atoms until atoms
have been defined and a group command is used to define which atoms
belong to the group.
(3) Sometimes command B will use values that can be set by command A.
This means command A must precede command B in the input script if it
is to have the desired effect. For example, the
"read_data"_read_data.html command initializes the system by setting
up the simulation box and assigning atoms to processors. If default
values are not desired, the "processors"_processors.html and
"boundary"_boundary.html commands need to be used before read_data to
tell LAMMPS how to map processors to the simulation box.
Many input script errors are detected by LAMMPS and an ERROR or
WARNING message is printed. "This section"_Section_errors.html gives
more information on what errors mean. The documentation for each
command lists restrictions on how the command can be used.
:line
3.2 Parsing rules :link(cmd_2),h4
Each non-blank line in the input script is treated as a command.
LAMMPS commands are case sensitive. Command names are lower-case, as
are specified command arguments. Upper case letters may be used in
file names or user-chosen ID strings.
Here is how each line in the input script is parsed by LAMMPS:
(1) If the last printable character on the line is a "&" character
(with no surrounding quotes), the command is assumed to continue on
the next line. The next line is concatenated to the previous line by
removing the "&" character and newline. This allows long commands to
be continued across two or more lines.
(2) All characters from the first "#" character onward are treated as
comment and discarded. See an exception in (6). Note that a
comment after a trailing "&" character will prevent the command from
continuing on the next line. Also note that for multi-line commands a
single leading "#" will comment out the entire command.
(3) The line is searched repeatedly for $ characters, which indicate
variables that are replaced with a text string. See an exception in
(6).
If the $ is followed by curly brackets, then the variable name is the
text inside the curly brackets. If no curly brackets follow the $,
then the variable name is the single character immediately following
the $. Thus $\{myTemp\} and $x refer to variable names "myTemp" and
"x".
How the variable is converted to a text string depends on what style
of variable it is; see the "variable"_variable doc page for details.
It can be a variable that stores multiple text strings, and return one
of them. The returned text string can be multiple "words" (space
separated) which will then be interpreted as multiple arguments in the
input command. The variable can also store a numeric formula which
will be evaluated and its numeric result returned as a string.
As a special case, if the $ is followed by parenthesis, then the text
inside the parenthesis is treated as an "immediate" variable and
evaluated as an "equal-style variable"_variable.html. This is a way
to use numeric formulas in an input script without having to assign
them to variable names. For example, these 3 input script lines:
variable X equal (xlo+xhi)/2+sqrt(v_area)
region 1 block $X 2 INF INF EDGE EDGE
variable X delete :pre
can be replaced by
region 1 block $((xlo+xhi)/2+sqrt(v_area)) 2 INF INF EDGE EDGE :pre
so that you do not have to define (or discard) a temporary variable X.
Note that neither the curly-bracket or immediate form of variables can
contain nested $ characters for other variables to substitute for.
Thus you cannot do this:
variable a equal 2
variable b2 equal 4
print "B2 = $\{b$a\}" :pre
Nor can you specify this $($x-1.0) for an immediate variable, but
you could use $(v_x-1.0), since the latter is valid syntax for an
"equal-style variable"_variable.html.
See the "variable"_variable.html command for more details of how
strings are assigned to variables and evaluated, and how they can be
used in input script commands.
(4) The line is broken into "words" separated by whitespace (tabs,
spaces). Note that words can thus contain letters, digits,
underscores, or punctuation characters.
(5) The first word is the command name. All successive words in the
line are arguments.
(6) If you want text with spaces to be treated as a single argument,
it can be enclosed in either double or single quotes. A long single
argument enclosed in quotes can even span multiple lines if the "&"
character is used, as described above. E.g.
print "Volume = $v"
print 'Volume = $v'
variable a string "red green blue &
purple orange cyan"
if "${steps} > 1000" then quit :pre
The quotes are removed when the single argument is stored internally.
See the "dump modify format"_dump_modify.html or "print"_print.html or
"if"_if.html commands for examples. A "#" or "$" character that is
between quotes will not be treated as a comment indicator in (2) or
substituted for as a variable in (3).
IMPORTANT NOTE: If the argument is itself a command that requires a
quoted argument (e.g. using a "print"_print.html command as part of an
"if"_if.html or "run every"_run.html command), then the double and
single quotes can be nested in the usual manner. See the doc pages
for those commands for examples. Only one of level of nesting is
allowed, but that should be sufficient for most use cases.
:line
3.3 Input script structure :h4,link(cmd_3)
This section describes the structure of a typical LAMMPS input script.
The "examples" directory in the LAMMPS distribution contains many
sample input scripts; the corresponding problems are discussed in
"Section_example"_Section_example.html, and animated on the "LAMMPS
WWW Site"_lws.
A LAMMPS input script typically has 4 parts:
Initialization
Atom definition
Settings
Run a simulation :ol
The last 2 parts can be repeated as many times as desired. I.e. run a
simulation, change some settings, run some more, etc. Each of the 4
parts is now described in more detail. Remember that almost all the
commands need only be used if a non-default value is desired.
(1) Initialization
Set parameters that need to be defined before atoms are created or
read-in from a file.
The relevant commands are "units"_units.html,
"dimension"_dimension.html, "newton"_newton.html,
"processors"_processors.html, "boundary"_boundary.html,
"atom_style"_atom_style.html, "atom_modify"_atom_modify.html.
If force-field parameters appear in the files that will be read, these
commands tell LAMMPS what kinds of force fields are being used:
"pair_style"_pair_style.html, "bond_style"_bond_style.html,
"angle_style"_angle_style.html, "dihedral_style"_dihedral_style.html,
"improper_style"_improper_style.html.
(2) Atom definition
There are 3 ways to define atoms in LAMMPS. Read them in from a data
or restart file via the "read_data"_read_data.html or
"read_restart"_read_restart.html commands. These files can contain
molecular topology information. Or create atoms on a lattice (with no
molecular topology), using these commands: "lattice"_lattice.html,
"region"_region.html, "create_box"_create_box.html,
"create_atoms"_create_atoms.html. The entire set of atoms can be
duplicated to make a larger simulation using the
"replicate"_replicate.html command.
(3) Settings
Once atoms and molecular topology are defined, a variety of settings
can be specified: force field coefficients, simulation parameters,
output options, etc.
Force field coefficients are set by these commands (they can also be
set in the read-in files): "pair_coeff"_pair_coeff.html,
"bond_coeff"_bond_coeff.html, "angle_coeff"_angle_coeff.html,
"dihedral_coeff"_dihedral_coeff.html,
"improper_coeff"_improper_coeff.html,
"kspace_style"_kspace_style.html, "dielectric"_dielectric.html,
"special_bonds"_special_bonds.html.
Various simulation parameters are set by these commands:
"neighbor"_neighbor.html, "neigh_modify"_neigh_modify.html,
"group"_group.html, "timestep"_timestep.html,
"reset_timestep"_reset_timestep.html, "run_style"_run_style.html,
"min_style"_min_style.html, "min_modify"_min_modify.html.
Fixes impose a variety of boundary conditions, time integration, and
diagnostic options. The "fix"_fix.html command comes in many flavors.
Various computations can be specified for execution during a
simulation using the "compute"_compute.html,
"compute_modify"_compute_modify.html, and "variable"_variable.html
commands.
Output options are set by the "thermo"_thermo.html, "dump"_dump.html,
and "restart"_restart.html commands.
(4) Run a simulation
A molecular dynamics simulation is run using the "run"_run.html
command. Energy minimization (molecular statics) is performed using
the "minimize"_minimize.html command. A parallel tempering
(replica-exchange) simulation can be run using the
"temper"_temper.html command.
:line
3.4 Commands listed by category :link(cmd_4),h4
This section lists all LAMMPS commands, grouped by category. The
"next section"_#cmd_5 lists the same commands alphabetically. Note
that some style options for some commands are part of specific LAMMPS
packages, which means they cannot be used unless the package was
included when LAMMPS was built. Not all packages are included in a
default LAMMPS build. These dependencies are listed as Restrictions
in the command's documentation.
Initialization:
"atom_modify"_atom_modify.html, "atom_style"_atom_style.html,
"boundary"_boundary.html, "dimension"_dimension.html,
"newton"_newton.html, "processors"_processors.html, "units"_units.html
Atom definition:
"create_atoms"_create_atoms.html, "create_box"_create_box.html,
"lattice"_lattice.html, "read_data"_read_data.html,
"read_dump"_read_dump.html, "read_restart"_read_restart.html,
"region"_region.html, "replicate"_replicate.html
Force fields:
"angle_coeff"_angle_coeff.html, "angle_style"_angle_style.html,
"bond_coeff"_bond_coeff.html, "bond_style"_bond_style.html,
"dielectric"_dielectric.html, "dihedral_coeff"_dihedral_coeff.html,
"dihedral_style"_dihedral_style.html,
"improper_coeff"_improper_coeff.html,
"improper_style"_improper_style.html,
"kspace_modify"_kspace_modify.html, "kspace_style"_kspace_style.html,
"pair_coeff"_pair_coeff.html, "pair_modify"_pair_modify.html,
"pair_style"_pair_style.html, "pair_write"_pair_write.html,
"special_bonds"_special_bonds.html
Settings:
"comm_style"_comm_style.html, "group"_group.html, "mass"_mass.html,
"min_modify"_min_modify.html, "min_style"_min_style.html,
"neigh_modify"_neigh_modify.html, "neighbor"_neighbor.html,
"reset_timestep"_reset_timestep.html, "run_style"_run_style.html,
"set"_set.html, "timestep"_timestep.html, "velocity"_velocity.html
Fixes:
"fix"_fix.html, "fix_modify"_fix_modify.html, "unfix"_unfix.html
Computes:
"compute"_compute.html, "compute_modify"_compute_modify.html,
"uncompute"_uncompute.html
Output:
"dump"_dump.html, "dump image"_dump_image.html,
"dump_modify"_dump_modify.html, "dump movie"_dump_image.html,
"restart"_restart.html, "thermo"_thermo.html,
"thermo_modify"_thermo_modify.html, "thermo_style"_thermo_style.html,
"undump"_undump.html, "write_data"_write_data.html,
"write_dump"_write_dump.html, "write_restart"_write_restart.html
Actions:
"delete_atoms"_delete_atoms.html, "delete_bonds"_delete_bonds.html,
"displace_atoms"_displace_atoms.html, "change_box"_change_box.html,
"minimize"_minimize.html, "neb"_neb.html "prd"_prd.html,
"rerun"_rerun.html, "run"_run.html, "temper"_temper.html
Miscellaneous:
"clear"_clear.html, "echo"_echo.html, "if"_if.html,
"include"_include.html, "jump"_jump.html, "label"_label.html,
"log"_log.html, "next"_next.html, "print"_print.html,
"shell"_shell.html, "variable"_variable.html
:line
3.5 Individual commands :h4,link(cmd_5),link(comm)
This section lists all LAMMPS commands alphabetically, with a separate
listing below of styles within certain commands. The "previous
section"_#cmd_4 lists the same commands, grouped by category. Note
that some style options for some commands are part of specific LAMMPS
packages, which means they cannot be used unless the package was
included when LAMMPS was built. Not all packages are included in a
default LAMMPS build. These dependencies are listed as Restrictions
in the command's documentation.
"angle_coeff"_angle_coeff.html,
"angle_style"_angle_style.html,
"atom_modify"_atom_modify.html,
"atom_style"_atom_style.html,
"balance"_balance.html,
"bond_coeff"_bond_coeff.html,
"bond_style"_bond_style.html,
"boundary"_boundary.html,
"box"_box.html,
"change_box"_change_box.html,
"clear"_clear.html,
"comm_modify"_comm_modify.html,
"comm_style"_comm_style.html,
"compute"_compute.html,
"compute_modify"_compute_modify.html,
"create_atoms"_create_atoms.html,
"create_box"_create_box.html,
"delete_atoms"_delete_atoms.html,
"delete_bonds"_delete_bonds.html,
"dielectric"_dielectric.html,
"dihedral_coeff"_dihedral_coeff.html,
"dihedral_style"_dihedral_style.html,
"dimension"_dimension.html,
"displace_atoms"_displace_atoms.html,
"dump"_dump.html,
"dump image"_dump_image.html,
"dump_modify"_dump_modify.html,
"dump movie"_dump_image.html,
"echo"_echo.html,
"fix"_fix.html,
"fix_modify"_fix_modify.html,
"group"_group.html,
"if"_if.html,
"improper_coeff"_improper_coeff.html,
"improper_style"_improper_style.html,
"include"_include.html,
"jump"_jump.html,
"kspace_modify"_kspace_modify.html,
"kspace_style"_kspace_style.html,
"label"_label.html,
"lattice"_lattice.html,
"log"_log.html,
"mass"_mass.html,
"minimize"_minimize.html,
"min_modify"_min_modify.html,
"min_style"_min_style.html,
"molecule"_molecule.html,
"neb"_neb.html,
"neigh_modify"_neigh_modify.html,
"neighbor"_neighbor.html,
"newton"_newton.html,
"next"_next.html,
"package"_package.html,
"pair_coeff"_pair_coeff.html,
"pair_modify"_pair_modify.html,
"pair_style"_pair_style.html,
"pair_write"_pair_write.html,
"partition"_partition.html,
"prd"_prd.html,
"print"_print.html,
"processors"_processors.html,
"quit"_quit.html,
"read_data"_read_data.html,
"read_dump"_read_dump.html,
"read_restart"_read_restart.html,
"region"_region.html,
"replicate"_replicate.html,
"rerun"_rerun.html,
"reset_timestep"_reset_timestep.html,
"restart"_restart.html,
"run"_run.html,
"run_style"_run_style.html,
"set"_set.html,
"shell"_shell.html,
"special_bonds"_special_bonds.html,
"suffix"_suffix.html,
"tad"_tad.html,
"temper"_temper.html,
"thermo"_thermo.html,
"thermo_modify"_thermo_modify.html,
"thermo_style"_thermo_style.html,
"timestep"_timestep.html,
"uncompute"_uncompute.html,
"undump"_undump.html,
"unfix"_unfix.html,
"units"_units.html,
"variable"_variable.html,
"velocity"_velocity.html,
"write_data"_write_data.html,
"write_dump"_write_dump.html,
"write_restart"_write_restart.html :tb(c=6,ea=c)
These are additional commands in USER packages, which can be used if
"LAMMPS is built with the appropriate
package"_Section_start.html#start_3.
"group2ndx"_group2ndx.html :tb(c=1,ea=c)
:line
Fix styles :h4
See the "fix"_fix.html command for one-line descriptions of each style
or click on the style itself for a full description. Some of the
styles have accelerated versions, which can be used if LAMMPS is built
with the "appropriate accelerated package"_Section_accelerate.html.
This is indicated by additional letters in parenthesis: c = USER-CUDA,
g = GPU, i = USER-INTEL, k = KOKKOS, o = USER-OMP, t = OPT.
"adapt"_fix_adapt.html,
"addforce (c)"_fix_addforce.html,
"append/atoms"_fix_append_atoms.html,
+"atom/swap"_fix_atom_swap.html,
"aveforce (c)"_fix_aveforce.html,
"ave/atom"_fix_ave_atom.html,
"ave/correlate"_fix_ave_correlate.html,
"ave/histo"_fix_ave_histo.html,
"ave/spatial"_fix_ave_spatial.html,
"ave/time"_fix_ave_time.html,
"balance"_fix_balance.html,
"bond/break"_fix_bond_break.html,
"bond/create"_fix_bond_create.html,
"bond/swap"_fix_bond_swap.html,
"box/relax"_fix_box_relax.html,
"deform"_fix_deform.html,
"deposit"_fix_deposit.html,
"drag"_fix_drag.html,
"dt/reset"_fix_dt_reset.html,
"efield"_fix_efield.html,
"enforce2d (c)"_fix_enforce2d.html,
"evaporate"_fix_evaporate.html,
"external"_fix_external.html,
"freeze (c)"_fix_freeze.html,
"gcmc"_fix_gcmc.html,
"gld"_fix_gld.html,
"gravity (co)"_fix_gravity.html,
"heat"_fix_heat.html,
"indent"_fix_indent.html,
"langevin (k)"_fix_langevin.html,
"lineforce"_fix_lineforce.html,
"momentum"_fix_momentum.html,
"move"_fix_move.html,
"msst"_fix_msst.html,
"neb"_fix_neb.html,
"nph (o)"_fix_nh.html,
"nphug (o)"_fix_nphug.html,
"nph/asphere (o)"_fix_nph_asphere.html,
"nph/sphere (o)"_fix_nph_sphere.html,
"npt (co)"_fix_nh.html,
"npt/asphere (o)"_fix_npt_asphere.html,
"npt/sphere (o)"_fix_npt_sphere.html,
"nve (cko)"_fix_nve.html,
"nve/asphere"_fix_nve_asphere.html,
"nve/asphere/noforce"_fix_nve_asphere_noforce.html,
"nve/body"_fix_nve_body.html,
"nve/limit"_fix_nve_limit.html,
"nve/line"_fix_nve_line.html,
"nve/noforce"_fix_nve_noforce.html,
"nve/sphere (o)"_fix_nve_sphere.html,
"nve/tri"_fix_nve_tri.html,
"nvt (co)"_fix_nh.html,
"nvt/asphere (o)"_fix_nvt_asphere.html,
"nvt/sllod (o)"_fix_nvt_sllod.html,
"nvt/sphere (o)"_fix_nvt_sphere.html,
"oneway"_fix_oneway.html,
"orient/fcc"_fix_orient_fcc.html,
"planeforce"_fix_planeforce.html,
"poems"_fix_poems.html,
"pour"_fix_pour.html,
"press/berendsen"_fix_press_berendsen.html,
"print"_fix_print.html,
"property/atom"_fix_property_atom.html,
"qeq/comb (o)"_fix_qeq_comb.html,
"qeq/dynamic"_fix_qeq.html,
"qeq/point"_fix_qeq.html,
"qeq/shielded"_fix_qeq.html,
"qeq/slater"_fix_qeq.html,
"reax/bonds"_fix_reax_bonds.html,
"recenter"_fix_recenter.html,
"restrain"_fix_restrain.html,
"rigid (o)"_fix_rigid.html,
"rigid/nph (o)"_fix_rigid.html,
"rigid/npt (o)"_fix_rigid.html,
"rigid/nve (o)"_fix_rigid.html,
"rigid/nvt (o)"_fix_rigid.html,
"rigid/small (o)"_fix_rigid.html,
"rigid/small/nph"_fix_rigid.html,
"rigid/small/npt"_fix_rigid.html,
"rigid/small/nve"_fix_rigid.html,
"rigid/small/nvt"_fix_rigid.html,
"setforce (c)"_fix_setforce.html,
"shake (c)"_fix_shake.html,
"spring"_fix_spring.html,
"spring/rg"_fix_spring_rg.html,
"spring/self"_fix_spring_self.html,
"srd"_fix_srd.html,
"store/force"_fix_store_force.html,
"store/state"_fix_store_state.html,
"temp/berendsen (c)"_fix_temp_berendsen.html,
"temp/csvr"_fix_temp_csvr.html,
"temp/rescale (c)"_fix_temp_rescale.html,
"thermal/conductivity"_fix_thermal_conductivity.html,
"tmd"_fix_tmd.html,
"ttm"_fix_ttm.html,
"tune/kspace"_fix_tune_kspace.html,
"vector"_fix_vector.html,
"viscosity"_fix_viscosity.html,
"viscous (c)"_fix_viscous.html,
"wall/colloid"_fix_wall.html,
"wall/gran"_fix_wall_gran.html,
"wall/harmonic"_fix_wall.html,
"wall/lj1043"_fix_wall.html,
"wall/lj126"_fix_wall.html,
"wall/lj93"_fix_wall.html,
"wall/piston"_fix_wall_piston.html,
"wall/reflect"_fix_wall_reflect.html,
"wall/region"_fix_wall_region.html,
"wall/srd"_fix_wall_srd.html :tb(c=8,ea=c)
These are additional fix styles in USER packages, which can be used if
"LAMMPS is built with the appropriate
package"_Section_start.html#start_3.
"adapt/fep"_fix_adapt_fep.html,
"addtorque"_fix_addtorque.html,
"atc"_fix_atc.html,
"ave/spatial/sphere"_fix_ave_spatial_sphere.html,
"colvars"_fix_colvars.html,
"gle"_fix_gle.html,
"imd"_fix_imd.html,
"ipi"_fix_ipi.html,
"langevin/eff"_fix_langevin_eff.html,
"lb/fluid"_fix_lb_fluid.html,
"lb/momentum"_fix_lb_momentum.html,
"lb/pc"_fix_lb_pc.html,
"lb/rigid/pc/sphere"_fix_lb_rigid_pc_sphere.html,
"lb/viscous"_fix_lb_viscous.html,
"meso"_fix_meso.html,
"meso/stationary"_fix_meso_stationary.html,
"nph/eff"_fix_nh_eff.html,
"npt/eff"_fix_nh_eff.html,
"nve/eff"_fix_nve_eff.html,
"nvt/eff"_fix_nh_eff.html,
"nvt/sllod/eff"_fix_nvt_sllod_eff.html,
"phonon"_fix_phonon.html,
"pimd"_fix_pimd.html,
"qeq/reax"_fix_qeq_reax.html,
"qmmm"_fix_qmmm.html,
"reax/c/bonds"_fix_reax_bonds.html,
"reax/c/species"_fix_reaxc_species.html,
"smd"_fix_smd.html,
"temp/rescale/eff"_fix_temp_rescale_eff.html,
"ti/rs"_fix_ti_rs.html,
"ti/spring"_fix_ti_spring.html :tb(c=6,ea=c)
:line
Compute styles :h4
See the "compute"_compute.html command for one-line descriptions of
each style or click on the style itself for a full description. Some
of the styles have accelerated versions, which can be used if LAMMPS
is built with the "appropriate accelerated
package"_Section_accelerate.html. This is indicated by additional
letters in parenthesis: c = USER-CUDA, g = GPU, i = USER-INTEL, k =
KOKKOS, o = USER-OMP, t = OPT.
"angle/local"_compute_angle_local.html,
"atom/molecule"_compute_atom_molecule.html,
"body/local"_compute_body_local.html,
"bond/local"_compute_bond_local.html,
"centro/atom"_compute_centro_atom.html,
"cluster/atom"_compute_cluster_atom.html,
"cna/atom"_compute_cna_atom.html,
"com"_compute_com.html,
"com/molecule"_compute_com_molecule.html,
"contact/atom"_compute_contact_atom.html,
"coord/atom"_compute_coord_atom.html,
"damage/atom"_compute_damage_atom.html,
"dihedral/local"_compute_dihedral_local.html,
"dilatation/atom"_compute_dilatation_atom.html,
"displace/atom"_compute_displace_atom.html,
"erotate/asphere"_compute_erotate_asphere.html,
"erotate/rigid"_compute_erotate_rigid.html,
"erotate/sphere"_compute_erotate_sphere.html,
"erotate/sphere/atom"_compute_erotate_sphere_atom.html,
"event/displace"_compute_event_displace.html,
"group/group"_compute_group_group.html,
"gyration"_compute_gyration.html,
"gyration/molecule"_compute_gyration_molecule.html,
"heat/flux"_compute_heat_flux.html,
"improper/local"_compute_improper_local.html,
"inertia/molecule"_compute_inertia_molecule.html,
"ke"_compute_ke.html,
"ke/atom"_compute_ke_atom.html,
"ke/rigid"_compute_ke_rigid.html,
"msd"_compute_msd.html,
"msd/molecule"_compute_msd_molecule.html,
"msd/nongauss"_compute_msd_nongauss.html,
"pair"_compute_pair.html,
"pair/local"_compute_pair_local.html,
"pe (c)"_compute_pe.html,
"pe/atom"_compute_pe_atom.html,
"plasticity/atom"_compute_plasticity_atom.html,
"pressure (c)"_compute_pressure.html,
"property/atom"_compute_property_atom.html,
"property/local"_compute_property_local.html,
"property/molecule"_compute_property_molecule.html,
"rdf"_compute_rdf.html,
"reduce"_compute_reduce.html,
"reduce/region"_compute_reduce.html,
"slice"_compute_slice.html,
"sna/atom"_compute_sna.html,
"snad/atom"_compute_sna.html,
"snav/atom"_compute_sna.html,
"stress/atom"_compute_stress_atom.html,
"temp (c)"_compute_temp.html,
"temp/asphere"_compute_temp_asphere.html,
"temp/com"_compute_temp_com.html,
"temp/deform"_compute_temp_deform.html,
"temp/partial (c)"_compute_temp_partial.html,
"temp/profile"_compute_temp_profile.html,
"temp/ramp"_compute_temp_ramp.html,
"temp/region"_compute_temp_region.html,
"temp/sphere"_compute_temp_sphere.html,
"ti"_compute_ti.html,
"vacf"_compute_vacf.html,
"vcm/molecule"_compute_vcm_molecule.html,
"voronoi/atom"_compute_voronoi_atom.html :tb(c=6,ea=c)
These are additional compute styles in USER packages, which can be
used if "LAMMPS is built with the appropriate
package"_Section_start.html#start_3.
"ackland/atom"_compute_ackland_atom.html,
"basal/atom"_compute_basal_atom.html,
"fep"_compute_fep.html,
"ke/eff"_compute_ke_eff.html,
"ke/atom/eff"_compute_ke_atom_eff.html,
"meso_e/atom"_compute_meso_e_atom.html,
"meso_rho/atom"_compute_meso_rho_atom.html,
"meso_t/atom"_compute_meso_t_atom.html,
"temp/eff"_compute_temp_eff.html,
"temp/deform/eff"_compute_temp_deform_eff.html,
"temp/region/eff"_compute_temp_region_eff.html,
"temp/rotate"_compute_temp_rotate.html :tb(c=6,ea=c)
:line
Pair_style potentials :h4
See the "pair_style"_pair_style.html command for an overview of pair
potentials. Click on the style itself for a full description. Many
of the styles have accelerated versions, which can be used if LAMMPS
is built with the "appropriate accelerated
package"_Section_accelerate.html. This is indicated by additional
letters in parenthesis: c = USER-CUDA, g = GPU, i = USER-INTEL, k =
KOKKOS, o = USER-OMP, t = OPT.
"none"_pair_none.html,
"hybrid"_pair_hybrid.html,
"hybrid/overlay"_pair_hybrid.html,
"adp (o)"_pair_adp.html,
"airebo (o)"_pair_airebo.html,
"beck (go)"_pair_beck.html,
"body"_pair_body.html,
"bop"_pair_bop.html,
"born (go)"_pair_born.html,
"born/coul/long (cgo)"_pair_born.html,
"born/coul/msm (o)"_pair_born.html,
"born/coul/wolf (go)"_pair_born.html,
"brownian (o)"_pair_brownian.html,
"brownian/poly (o)"_pair_brownian.html,
"buck (cgo)"_pair_buck.html,
"buck/coul/cut (cgo)"_pair_buck.html,
"buck/coul/long (cgo)"_pair_buck.html,
"buck/coul/msm (o)"_pair_buck.html,
"buck/long/coul/long (o)"_pair_buck_long.html,
"colloid (go)"_pair_colloid.html,
"comb (o)"_pair_comb.html,
"comb3"_pair_comb.html,
"coul/cut (gko)"_pair_coul.html,
"coul/debye (go)"_pair_coul.html,
"coul/dsf (go)"_pair_coul.html,
"coul/long (go)"_pair_coul.html,
"coul/msm"_pair_coul.html,
"coul/wolf (o)"_pair_coul.html,
"dpd (o)"_pair_dpd.html,
"dpd/tstat (o)"_pair_dpd.html,
"dsmc"_pair_dsmc.html,
"eam (cgot)"_pair_eam.html,
"eam/alloy (cgot)"_pair_eam.html,
"eam/fs (cgot)"_pair_eam.html,
"eim (o)"_pair_eim.html,
"gauss (go)"_pair_gauss.html,
"gayberne (gio)"_pair_gayberne.html,
"gran/hertz/history (o)"_pair_gran.html,
"gran/hooke (co)"_pair_gran.html,
"gran/hooke/history (o)"_pair_gran.html,
"hbond/dreiding/lj (o)"_pair_hbond_dreiding.html,
"hbond/dreiding/morse (o)"_pair_hbond_dreiding.html,
"kim"_pair_kim.html,
"lcbop"_pair_lcbop.html,
"line/lj (o)"_pair_line_lj.html,
"lj/charmm/coul/charmm (co)"_pair_charmm.html,
"lj/charmm/coul/charmm/implicit (co)"_pair_charmm.html,
"lj/charmm/coul/long (cgio)"_pair_charmm.html,
"lj/charmm/coul/msm"_pair_charmm.html,
"lj/class2 (cgo)"_pair_class2.html,
"lj/class2/coul/cut (co)"_pair_class2.html,
"lj/class2/coul/long (cgo)"_pair_class2.html,
"lj/cut (cgikot)"_pair_lj.html,
"lj/cut/coul/cut (cgko)"_pair_lj.html,
"lj/cut/coul/debye (cgo)"_pair_lj.html,
"lj/cut/coul/dsf (go)"_pair_lj.html,
"lj/cut/coul/long (cgikot)"_pair_lj.html,
"lj/cut/coul/msm (go)"_pair_lj.html,
"lj/cut/dipole/cut (go)"_pair_dipole.html,
"lj/cut/dipole/long"_pair_dipole.html,
"lj/cut/tip4p/cut (o)"_pair_lj.html,
"lj/cut/tip4p/long (ot)"_pair_lj.html,
"lj/expand (cgo)"_pair_lj_expand.html,
"lj/gromacs (cgo)"_pair_gromacs.html,
"lj/gromacs/coul/gromacs (co)"_pair_gromacs.html,
"lj/long/coul/long (o)"_pair_lj_long.html,
"lj/long/dipole/long"_pair_dipole.html,
"lj/long/tip4p/long"_pair_lj_long.html,
"lj/smooth (co)"_pair_lj_smooth.html,
"lj/smooth/linear (o)"_pair_lj_smooth_linear.html,
"lj96/cut (cgo)"_pair_lj96.html,
"lubricate (o)"_pair_lubricate.html,
"lubricate/poly (o)"_pair_lubricate.html,
"lubricateU"_pair_lubricateU.html,
"lubricateU/poly"_pair_lubricateU.html,
"meam (o)"_pair_meam.html,
"mie/cut (o)"_pair_mie.html,
"morse (cgot)"_pair_morse.html,
"nb3b/harmonic (o)"_pair_nb3b_harmonic.html,
"nm/cut (o)"_pair_nm.html,
"nm/cut/coul/cut (o)"_pair_nm.html,
"nm/cut/coul/long (o)"_pair_nm.html,
"peri/eps"_pair_peri.html,
"peri/lps (o)"_pair_peri.html,
"peri/pmb (o)"_pair_peri.html,
"peri/ves"_pair_peri.html,
"reax"_pair_reax.html,
"rebo (o)"_pair_airebo.html,
"resquared (go)"_pair_resquared.html,
"snap"_pair_snap.html,
"soft (go)"_pair_soft.html,
"sw (cgo)"_pair_sw.html,
"table (gko)"_pair_table.html,
"tersoff (co)"_pair_tersoff.html,
"tersoff/mod (o)"_pair_tersoff_mod.html,
"tersoff/zbl (o)"_pair_tersoff_zbl.html,
"tip4p/cut (o)"_pair_coul.html,
"tip4p/long (o)"_pair_coul.html,
"tri/lj (o)"_pair_tri_lj.html,
"yukawa (go)"_pair_yukawa.html,
"yukawa/colloid (go)"_pair_yukawa_colloid.html,
"zbl (o)"_pair_zbl.html :tb(c=4,ea=c)
These are additional pair styles in USER packages, which can be used
if "LAMMPS is built with the appropriate
package"_Section_start.html#start_3.
"awpmd/cut"_pair_awpmd.html,
"coul/cut/soft (o)"_pair_lj_soft.html,
"coul/diel (o)"_pair_coul_diel.html,
"coul/long/soft (o)"_pair_lj_soft.html,
"eam/cd (o)"_pair_eam.html,
"edip (o)"_pair_edip.html,
"eff/cut"_pair_eff.html,
"gauss/cut"_pair_gauss.html,
"list"_pair_list.html,
"lj/charmm/coul/long/soft (o)"_pair_charmm.html,
"lj/cut/coul/cut/soft (o)"_pair_lj_soft.html,
"lj/cut/coul/long/soft (o)"_pair_lj_soft.html,
"lj/cut/dipole/sf (go)"_pair_dipole.html,
"lj/cut/soft (o)"_pair_lj_soft.html,
"lj/cut/tip4p/long/soft (o)"_pair_lj_soft.html,
"lj/sdk (go)"_pair_sdk.html,
"lj/sdk/coul/long (go)"_pair_sdk.html,
"lj/sdk/coul/msm (o)"_pair_sdk.html,
"lj/sf (o)"_pair_lj_sf.html,
"meam/spline"_pair_meam_spline.html,
"meam/sw/spline"_pair_meam_sw_spline.html,
"reax/c"_pair_reax_c.html,
"sph/heatconduction"_pair_sph_heatconduction.html,
"sph/idealgas"_pair_sph_idealgas.html,
"sph/lj"_pair_sph_lj.html,
"sph/rhosum"_pair_sph_rhosum.html,
"sph/taitwater"_pair_sph_taitwater.html,
"sph/taitwater/morris"_pair_sph_taitwater_morris.html,
"srp"_pair_srp.html,
"tersoff/table (o)"_pair_tersoff.html,
"tip4p/long/soft (o)"_pair_lj_soft.html :tb(c=4,ea=c)
:line
Bond_style potentials :h4
See the "bond_style"_bond_style.html command for an overview of bond
potentials. Click on the style itself for a full description. Some
of the styles have accelerated versions, which can be used if LAMMPS
is built with the "appropriate accelerated
package"_Section_accelerate.html. This is indicated by additional
letters in parenthesis: c = USER-CUDA, g = GPU, i = USER-INTEL, k =
KOKKOS, o = USER-OMP, t = OPT.
"none"_bond_none.html,
"hybrid"_bond_hybrid.html,
"class2 (o)"_bond_class2.html,
"fene (o)"_bond_fene.html,
"fene/expand (o)"_bond_fene_expand.html,
"harmonic (o)"_bond_harmonic.html,
"morse (o)"_bond_morse.html,
"nonlinear (o)"_bond_nonlinear.html,
"quartic (o)"_bond_quartic.html,
"table (o)"_bond_table.html :tb(c=4,ea=c)
These are additional bond styles in USER packages, which can be used
if "LAMMPS is built with the appropriate
package"_Section_start.html#start_3.
"harmonic/shift (o)"_bond_harmonic_shift.html,
"harmonic/shift/cut (o)"_bond_harmonic_shift_cut.html :tb(c=4,ea=c)
:line
Angle_style potentials :h4
See the "angle_style"_angle_style.html command for an overview of
angle potentials. Click on the style itself for a full description.
Some of the styles have accelerated versions, which can be used if
LAMMPS is built with the "appropriate accelerated
package"_Section_accelerate.html. This is indicated by additional
letters in parenthesis: c = USER-CUDA, g = GPU, i = USER-INTEL, k =
KOKKOS, o = USER-OMP, t = OPT.
"none"_angle_none.html,
"hybrid"_angle_hybrid.html,
"charmm (o)"_angle_charmm.html,
"class2 (o)"_angle_class2.html,
"cosine (o)"_angle_cosine.html,
"cosine/delta (o)"_angle_cosine_delta.html,
"cosine/periodic (o)"_angle_cosine_periodic.html,
"cosine/squared (o)"_angle_cosine_squared.html,
"harmonic (o)"_angle_harmonic.html,
"table (o)"_angle_table.html :tb(c=4,ea=c)
These are additional angle styles in USER packages, which can be used
if "LAMMPS is built with the appropriate
package"_Section_start.html#start_3.
"cosine/shift (o)"_angle_cosine_shift.html,
"cosine/shift/exp (o)"_angle_cosine_shift_exp.html,
"dipole (o)"_angle_dipole.html,
"fourier (o)"_angle_fourier.html,
"fourier/simple (o)"_angle_fourier_simple.html,
"quartic (o)"_angle_quartic.html,
"sdk"_angle_sdk.html :tb(c=4,ea=c)
:line
Dihedral_style potentials :h4
See the "dihedral_style"_dihedral_style.html command for an overview
of dihedral potentials. Click on the style itself for a full
description. Some of the styles have accelerated versions, which can
be used if LAMMPS is built with the "appropriate accelerated
package"_Section_accelerate.html. This is indicated by additional
letters in parenthesis: c = USER-CUDA, g = GPU, i = USER-INTEL, k =
KOKKOS, o = USER-OMP, t = OPT.
"none"_dihedral_none.html,
"hybrid"_dihedral_hybrid.html,
"charmm (o)"_dihedral_charmm.html,
"class2 (o)"_dihedral_class2.html,
"harmonic (o)"_dihedral_harmonic.html,
"helix (o)"_dihedral_helix.html,
"multi/harmonic (o)"_dihedral_multi_harmonic.html,
"opls (o)"_dihedral_opls.html :tb(c=4,ea=c)
These are additional dihedral styles in USER packages, which can be
used if "LAMMPS is built with the appropriate
package"_Section_start.html#start_3.
"cosine/shift/exp (o)"_dihedral_cosine_shift_exp.html,
"fourier (o)"_dihedral_fourier.html,
"nharmonic (o)"_dihedral_nharmonic.html,
"quadratic (o)"_dihedral_quadratic.html,
"table (o)"_dihedral_table.html :tb(c=4,ea=c)
:line
Improper_style potentials :h4
See the "improper_style"_improper_style.html command for an overview
of improper potentials. Click on the style itself for a full
description. Some of the styles have accelerated versions, which can
be used if LAMMPS is built with the "appropriate accelerated
package"_Section_accelerate.html. This is indicated by additional
letters in parenthesis: c = USER-CUDA, g = GPU, i = USER-INTEL, k =
KOKKOS, o = USER-OMP, t = OPT.
"none"_improper_none.html,
"hybrid"_improper_hybrid.html,
"class2 (o)"_improper_class2.html,
"cvff (o)"_improper_cvff.html,
"harmonic (o)"_improper_harmonic.html,
"umbrella (o)"_improper_umbrella.html :tb(c=4,ea=c)
These are additional improper styles in USER packages, which can be
used if "LAMMPS is built with the appropriate
package"_Section_start.html#start_3.
"cossq (o)"_improper_cossq.html,
"fourier (o)"_improper_fourier.html,
"ring (o)"_improper_ring.html :tb(c=4,ea=c)
:line
Kspace solvers :h4
See the "kspace_style"_kspace_style.html command for an overview of
Kspace solvers. Click on the style itself for a full description.
Some of the styles have accelerated versions, which can be used if
LAMMPS is built with the "appropriate accelerated
package"_Section_accelerate.html. This is indicated by additional
letters in parenthesis: c = USER-CUDA, g = GPU, i = USER-INTEL, k =
KOKKOS, o = USER-OMP, t = OPT.
"ewald (o)"_kspace_style.html,
"ewald/disp"_kspace_style.html,
"msm (o)"_kspace_style.html,
"msm/cg (o)"_kspace_style.html,
"pppm (cgo)"_kspace_style.html,
"pppm/cg (o)"_kspace_style.html,
"pppm/disp"_kspace_style.html,
"pppm/disp/tip4p"_kspace_style.html,
"pppm/tip4p (o)"_kspace_style.html :tb(c=4,ea=c)
diff --git a/doc/fix_bond_swap.html b/doc/fix_bond_swap.html
index 2c38100e5..fbf228861 100644
--- a/doc/fix_bond_swap.html
+++ b/doc/fix_bond_swap.html
@@ -1,197 +1,199 @@
<HTML>
<CENTER><A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov">LAMMPS WWW Site</A> - <A HREF = "Manual.html">LAMMPS Documentation</A> - <A HREF = "Section_commands.html#comm">LAMMPS Commands</A>
</CENTER>
<HR>
<H3>fix bond/swap command
</H3>
<P><B>Syntax:</B>
</P>
<PRE>fix ID group-ID bond/swap Nevery fraction cutoff seed
</PRE>
<UL><LI>ID, group-ID are documented in <A HREF = "fix.html">fix</A> command
<LI>bond/swap = style name of this fix command
<LI>Nevery = attempt bond swapping every this many steps
<LI>fraction = fraction of group atoms to consider for swapping
<LI>cutoff = distance at which swapping will be considered (distance units)
<LI>seed = random # seed (positive integer)
</UL>
<P><B>Examples:</B>
</P>
<PRE>fix 1 all bond/swap 50 0.5 1.3 598934
</PRE>
<P><B>Description:</B>
</P>
<P>In a simulation of polymer chains, this command attempts to swap bonds
between two different chains, effectively grafting the end of one
chain onto another chain and vice versa. This is done via Monte Carlo
rules using the Boltzmann acceptance criterion. The purpose is to
equilibrate the polymer chain conformations more rapidly than dynamics
alone would do it, by enabling instantaneous large conformational
changes in a dense polymer melt. The polymer chains should thus more
rapidly converge to the proper end-to-end distances and radii of
gyration. It is designed for use with systems of
<A HREF = "bond_fene.html">FENE</A> or <A HREF = "bond_harmonic.html">harmonic</A> bead-spring
polymer chains where each polymer is a linear chain of monomers, but
LAMMPS does not enforce this requirement, i.e. any
<A HREF = "bond_style.html">bond_style</A> can be used.
</P>
<P>A schematic of the kinds of bond swaps that can occur is shown here:
</P>
<CENTER><IMG SRC = "JPG/bondswap.jpg">
</CENTER>
<P>On the left, the red and blue chains have two monomers A1 and B1 close
to each other, which are currently bonded to monomers A2 and B2
respectively within their own chains. The bond swap operation will
attempt to delete the A1-A2 and B1-B2 bonds and replace them with
A1-B2 and B1-A2 bonds. If the swap is energetically favorable, the
two chains on the right are the result and each polymer chain has
undergone a dramatic conformational change. This reference,
<A HREF = "#Sides">(Sides)</A> provides more details on how the algorithm works and
its application:
</P>
<P>The bond swapping operation is invoked every <I>Nevery</I> timesteps. If
any bond is swapped, a re-build of the neighbor lists is triggered,
since a swap alters the list of which neighbors are considered for
pairwise interaction. At each invocation, each processor considers a
random specified <I>fraction</I> of its atoms as potential swapping
monomers for this timestep. Choosing a small <I>fraction</I> value can
reduce the likelihood of a reverse swap occurring soon after an
initial swap.
</P>
<P>For each monomer A1, its neighbors are examined to find a possible B1
monomer. Both A1 and B1 must be in the fix group, their separation
must be less than the specified <I>cutoff</I>, and the molecule IDs of A1
and B1 must be the same (see below). If a suitable partner is found,
the energy change due to swapping the 2 bonds is computed. This
includes changes in pairwise, bond, and angle energies due to the
altered connectivity of the 2 chains. Dihedral and improper
interactions are not allowed to be defined when this fix is used.
</P>
<P>If the energy decreases due to the swap operation, the bond swap is
accepted. If the energy increases it is accepted with probability
exp(-delta/kT) where delta is the increase in energy, k is the
Boltzmann constant, and T is the current temperature of the system.
Whether the swap is accepted or rejected, no other swaps are attempted
by this processor on this timestep.
</P>
<P>The criterion for matching molecule IDs is how bond swaps performed by
this fix conserve chain length. To use this features you must setup
the molecule IDs for your polymer chains in a certain way, typically
in the data file, read by the <A HREF = "read_data.html">read_data</A> comand.
Consider a system of 6-mer chains. You have 2 choices. If the
molecule IDs for monomers on each chain are set to 1,2,3,4,5,6 then
swaps will conserve chain length. For a particular momoner there will
be only one other monomer on another chain which is a potential swap
partner. If the molecule IDs for monomers on each chain are set to
1,2,3,3,2,1 then swaps will conserve chain length but swaps will be
able to occur at either end of a chain. Thus for a particular monomer
there will be 2 possible swap partners on another chain. In this
scenario, swaps can also occur within a single chain, i.e. the two
ends of a chain swap with each other.
</P>
<P>IMPORTANT NOTE: If your simulation uses molecule IDs in the usual way,
where all monomers on a single chain are assigned the same ID
(different for each chain), then swaps will only occur within the same
chain. If you assign the same molecule ID to all monomers in all
chains then inter-chain swaps will occur, but they will not conserve
chain length. Neither of these scenarios is probably what you want
for this fix.
</P>
<P>IMPORTANT NOTE: When a bond swap occurs the image flags of monomers in
the new polymer chains can become inconsistent. See the
<A HREF = "dump.html">dump</A> command for a discussion of image flags. This is not
an issue for running dynamics, but can affect calculation of some
diagnostic quantities or the printing of unwrapped coordinates to a
dump file.
</P>
<HR>
<P>This fix computes a temperature each time it is invoked for use by the
Boltzmann criterion. To do this, the fix creates its own compute of
style <I>temp</I>, as if this command had been issued:
</P>
<PRE>compute fix-ID_temp all temp
</PRE>
<P>See the <A HREF = "compute_temp.html">compute temp</A> command for details. Note
that the ID of the new compute is the fix-ID with underscore + "temp"
appended and the group for the new compute is "all", so that the
temperature of the entire system is used.
</P>
<P>Note that this is NOT the compute used by thermodynamic output (see
the <A HREF = "thermo_style.html">thermo_style</A> command) with ID = <I>thermo_temp</I>.
This means you can change the attributes of this fix's temperature
(e.g. its degrees-of-freedom) via the
<A HREF = "compute_modify.html">compute_modify</A> command or print this temperature
during thermodyanmic output via the <A HREF = "thermo_style.html">thermo_style
custom</A> command using the appropriate compute-ID.
It also means that changing attributes of <I>thermo_temp</I> will have no
effect on this fix.
</P>
<HR>
<P><B>Restart, fix_modify, thermo output, run start/stop, minimize info:</B>
</P>
<P>No information about this fix is written to <A HREF = "restart.html">binary restart
files</A>. Because the state of the random number generator
is not saved in restart files, this means you cannot do "exact"
restarts with this fix, where the simulation continues on the same as
if no restart had taken place. However, in a statistical sense, a
restarted simulation should produce the same behavior. Also note that
each processor generates possible swaps independently of other
processors. Thus if you repeat the same simulation on a different number
of processors, the specific swaps performed will be different.
</P>
<P>The <A HREF = "fix_modify.html">fix_modify</A> <I>temp</I> option is supported by this
fix. You can use it to assign a <A HREF = "compute.html">compute</A> you have
defined to this fix which will be used to compute the temperature for
the Boltzmann criterion.
</P>
<P>This fix computes two statistical quantities as a global 2-vector of
output, which can be accessed by various <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_15">output
commands</A>. The first component of the
vector is the cummulative number of swaps performed by all processors.
The second component of the vector is the cummulative number of swaps
attempted (whether accepted or rejected). Note that a swap "attempt"
only occurs when swap partners meeting the criteria described above
are found on a particular timestep. The vector values calculated by
this fix are "intensive".
</P>
<P>No parameter of this fix can be used with the <I>start/stop</I> keywords of
the <A HREF = "run.html">run</A> command. This fix is not invoked during <A HREF = "minimize.html">energy
minimization</A>.
</P>
<P><B>Restrictions:</B>
</P>
<P>This fix is part of the MC package. It is only enabled if LAMMPS was
built with that package. See the <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_3">Making
LAMMPS</A> section for more info.
</P>
<P>The setings of the "special_bond" command must be 0,1,1 in order to
use this fix, which is typical of bead-spring chains with FENE or
harmonic bonds. This means that pairwise interactions between bonded
atoms are turned off, but are turned on between atoms two or three
hops away along the chain backbone.
</P>
<P>Currently, energy changes in dihedral and improper interactions due to
a bond swap are not considered. Thus a simulation that uses this fix
cannot use a dihedral or improper potential.
</P>
-<P><B>Related commands:</B> none
+<P><B>Related commands:</B>
+</P>
+<P><A HREF = "fix_atom_swap.html">fix atom/swap</A>
</P>
<P><B>Default:</B> none
</P>
<HR>
<A NAME = "Sides"></A>
<P><B>(Sides)</B> Sides, Grest, Stevens, Plimpton, J Polymer Science B, 42,
199-208 (2004).
</P>
</HTML>
diff --git a/doc/fix_bond_swap.txt b/doc/fix_bond_swap.txt
index 2e418f915..7523f1117 100755
--- a/doc/fix_bond_swap.txt
+++ b/doc/fix_bond_swap.txt
@@ -1,191 +1,193 @@
"LAMMPS WWW Site"_lws - "LAMMPS Documentation"_ld - "LAMMPS Commands"_lc :c
:link(lws,http://lammps.sandia.gov)
:link(ld,Manual.html)
:link(lc,Section_commands.html#comm)
:line
fix bond/swap command :h3
[Syntax:]
fix ID group-ID bond/swap Nevery fraction cutoff seed :pre
ID, group-ID are documented in "fix"_fix.html command
bond/swap = style name of this fix command
Nevery = attempt bond swapping every this many steps
fraction = fraction of group atoms to consider for swapping
cutoff = distance at which swapping will be considered (distance units)
seed = random # seed (positive integer) :ul
[Examples:]
fix 1 all bond/swap 50 0.5 1.3 598934 :pre
[Description:]
In a simulation of polymer chains, this command attempts to swap bonds
between two different chains, effectively grafting the end of one
chain onto another chain and vice versa. This is done via Monte Carlo
rules using the Boltzmann acceptance criterion. The purpose is to
equilibrate the polymer chain conformations more rapidly than dynamics
alone would do it, by enabling instantaneous large conformational
changes in a dense polymer melt. The polymer chains should thus more
rapidly converge to the proper end-to-end distances and radii of
gyration. It is designed for use with systems of
"FENE"_bond_fene.html or "harmonic"_bond_harmonic.html bead-spring
polymer chains where each polymer is a linear chain of monomers, but
LAMMPS does not enforce this requirement, i.e. any
"bond_style"_bond_style.html can be used.
A schematic of the kinds of bond swaps that can occur is shown here:
:c,image(JPG/bondswap.jpg)
On the left, the red and blue chains have two monomers A1 and B1 close
to each other, which are currently bonded to monomers A2 and B2
respectively within their own chains. The bond swap operation will
attempt to delete the A1-A2 and B1-B2 bonds and replace them with
A1-B2 and B1-A2 bonds. If the swap is energetically favorable, the
two chains on the right are the result and each polymer chain has
undergone a dramatic conformational change. This reference,
"(Sides)"_#Sides provides more details on how the algorithm works and
its application:
The bond swapping operation is invoked every {Nevery} timesteps. If
any bond is swapped, a re-build of the neighbor lists is triggered,
since a swap alters the list of which neighbors are considered for
pairwise interaction. At each invocation, each processor considers a
random specified {fraction} of its atoms as potential swapping
monomers for this timestep. Choosing a small {fraction} value can
reduce the likelihood of a reverse swap occurring soon after an
initial swap.
For each monomer A1, its neighbors are examined to find a possible B1
monomer. Both A1 and B1 must be in the fix group, their separation
must be less than the specified {cutoff}, and the molecule IDs of A1
and B1 must be the same (see below). If a suitable partner is found,
the energy change due to swapping the 2 bonds is computed. This
includes changes in pairwise, bond, and angle energies due to the
altered connectivity of the 2 chains. Dihedral and improper
interactions are not allowed to be defined when this fix is used.
If the energy decreases due to the swap operation, the bond swap is
accepted. If the energy increases it is accepted with probability
exp(-delta/kT) where delta is the increase in energy, k is the
Boltzmann constant, and T is the current temperature of the system.
Whether the swap is accepted or rejected, no other swaps are attempted
by this processor on this timestep.
The criterion for matching molecule IDs is how bond swaps performed by
this fix conserve chain length. To use this features you must setup
the molecule IDs for your polymer chains in a certain way, typically
in the data file, read by the "read_data"_read_data.html comand.
Consider a system of 6-mer chains. You have 2 choices. If the
molecule IDs for monomers on each chain are set to 1,2,3,4,5,6 then
swaps will conserve chain length. For a particular momoner there will
be only one other monomer on another chain which is a potential swap
partner. If the molecule IDs for monomers on each chain are set to
1,2,3,3,2,1 then swaps will conserve chain length but swaps will be
able to occur at either end of a chain. Thus for a particular monomer
there will be 2 possible swap partners on another chain. In this
scenario, swaps can also occur within a single chain, i.e. the two
ends of a chain swap with each other.
IMPORTANT NOTE: If your simulation uses molecule IDs in the usual way,
where all monomers on a single chain are assigned the same ID
(different for each chain), then swaps will only occur within the same
chain. If you assign the same molecule ID to all monomers in all
chains then inter-chain swaps will occur, but they will not conserve
chain length. Neither of these scenarios is probably what you want
for this fix.
IMPORTANT NOTE: When a bond swap occurs the image flags of monomers in
the new polymer chains can become inconsistent. See the
"dump"_dump.html command for a discussion of image flags. This is not
an issue for running dynamics, but can affect calculation of some
diagnostic quantities or the printing of unwrapped coordinates to a
dump file.
:line
This fix computes a temperature each time it is invoked for use by the
Boltzmann criterion. To do this, the fix creates its own compute of
style {temp}, as if this command had been issued:
compute fix-ID_temp all temp :pre
See the "compute temp"_compute_temp.html command for details. Note
that the ID of the new compute is the fix-ID with underscore + "temp"
appended and the group for the new compute is "all", so that the
temperature of the entire system is used.
Note that this is NOT the compute used by thermodynamic output (see
the "thermo_style"_thermo_style.html command) with ID = {thermo_temp}.
This means you can change the attributes of this fix's temperature
(e.g. its degrees-of-freedom) via the
"compute_modify"_compute_modify.html command or print this temperature
during thermodyanmic output via the "thermo_style
custom"_thermo_style.html command using the appropriate compute-ID.
It also means that changing attributes of {thermo_temp} will have no
effect on this fix.
:line
[Restart, fix_modify, thermo output, run start/stop, minimize info:]
No information about this fix is written to "binary restart
files"_restart.html. Because the state of the random number generator
is not saved in restart files, this means you cannot do "exact"
restarts with this fix, where the simulation continues on the same as
if no restart had taken place. However, in a statistical sense, a
restarted simulation should produce the same behavior. Also note that
each processor generates possible swaps independently of other
processors. Thus if you repeat the same simulation on a different number
of processors, the specific swaps performed will be different.
The "fix_modify"_fix_modify.html {temp} option is supported by this
fix. You can use it to assign a "compute"_compute.html you have
defined to this fix which will be used to compute the temperature for
the Boltzmann criterion.
This fix computes two statistical quantities as a global 2-vector of
output, which can be accessed by various "output
commands"_Section_howto.html#howto_15. The first component of the
vector is the cummulative number of swaps performed by all processors.
The second component of the vector is the cummulative number of swaps
attempted (whether accepted or rejected). Note that a swap "attempt"
only occurs when swap partners meeting the criteria described above
are found on a particular timestep. The vector values calculated by
this fix are "intensive".
No parameter of this fix can be used with the {start/stop} keywords of
the "run"_run.html command. This fix is not invoked during "energy
minimization"_minimize.html.
[Restrictions:]
This fix is part of the MC package. It is only enabled if LAMMPS was
built with that package. See the "Making
LAMMPS"_Section_start.html#start_3 section for more info.
The setings of the "special_bond" command must be 0,1,1 in order to
use this fix, which is typical of bead-spring chains with FENE or
harmonic bonds. This means that pairwise interactions between bonded
atoms are turned off, but are turned on between atoms two or three
hops away along the chain backbone.
Currently, energy changes in dihedral and improper interactions due to
a bond swap are not considered. Thus a simulation that uses this fix
cannot use a dihedral or improper potential.
-[Related commands:] none
+[Related commands:]
+
+"fix atom/swap"_fix_atom_swap.html
[Default:] none
:line
:link(Sides)
[(Sides)] Sides, Grest, Stevens, Plimpton, J Polymer Science B, 42,
199-208 (2004).
diff --git a/doc/neigh_modify.html b/doc/neigh_modify.html
index 93d77bcd9..f9445676e 100644
--- a/doc/neigh_modify.html
+++ b/doc/neigh_modify.html
@@ -1,211 +1,216 @@
<HTML>
<CENTER><A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov">LAMMPS WWW Site</A> - <A HREF = "Manual.html">LAMMPS Documentation</A> - <A HREF = "Section_commands.html#comm">LAMMPS Commands</A>
</CENTER>
<HR>
<H3>neigh_modify command
</H3>
<P><B>Syntax:</B>
</P>
<PRE>neigh_modify keyword values ...
</PRE>
<UL><LI>one or more keyword/value pairs may be listed
<PRE>keyword = <I>delay</I> or <I>every</I> or <I>check</I> or <I>once</I> or <I>cluster</I> or <I>include</I> or <I>exclude</I> or <I>page</I> or <I>one</I> or <I>binsize</I>
<I>delay</I> value = N
N = delay building until this many steps since last build
<I>every</I> value = M
M = build neighbor list every this many steps
<I>check</I> value = <I>yes</I> or <I>no</I>
<I>yes</I> = only build if some atom has moved half the skin distance or more
<I>no</I> = always build on 1st step that <I>every</I> and <I>delay</I> are satisfied
<I>once</I>
<I>yes</I> = only build neighbor list once at start of run and never rebuild
<I>no</I> = rebuild neighbor list according to other settings
<I>cluster</I>
<I>yes</I> = check bond,angle,etc neighbor list for nearby clusters
<I>no</I> = do not check bond,angle,etc neighbor list for nearby clusters
<I>include</I> value = group-ID
group-ID = only build pair neighbor lists for atoms in this group
<I>exclude</I> values:
type M N
M,N = exclude if one atom in pair is type M, other is type N
group group1-ID group2-ID
group1-ID,group2-ID = exclude if one atom is in 1st group, other in 2nd
molecule group-ID
groupname = exclude if both atoms are in the same molecule and in the same group
none
delete all exclude settings
<I>page</I> value = N
N = number of pairs stored in a single neighbor page
<I>one</I> value = N
N = max number of neighbors of one atom
<I>binsize</I> value = size
size = bin size for neighbor list construction (distance units)
</PRE>
</UL>
<P><B>Examples:</B>
</P>
<PRE>neigh_modify every 2 delay 10 check yes page 100000
neigh_modify exclude type 2 3
neigh_modify exclude group frozen frozen check no
neigh_modify exclude group residue1 chain3
neigh_modify exclude molecule rigid
</PRE>
<P><B>Description:</B>
</P>
<P>This command sets parameters that affect the building and use of
pairwise neighbor lists.
</P>
<P>The <I>every</I>, <I>delay</I>, <I>check</I>, and <I>once</I> options affect how often
lists are built as a simulation runs. The <I>delay</I> setting means never
build a new list until at least N steps after the previous build. The
<I>every</I> setting means build the list every M steps (after the delay
has passed). If the <I>check</I> setting is <I>no</I>, the list is built on the
1st step that satisfies the <I>delay</I> and <I>every</I> settings. If the
<I>check</I> setting is <I>yes</I>, then the list is only built on a particular
step if some atom has moved more than half the skin distance
(specified in the <A HREF = "neighbor.html">neighbor</A> command) since the last
-build. If the <I>once</I> setting is yes, then the neighbor list is only
-built once at the beginning of each run, and never rebuilt. This
-should only be done if you are certain atoms will not move far enough
-that the list should be rebuilt. E.g. running a simulation of a cold
-crystal. Note that it is not that expensive to check if neighbor
-lists should be rebuilt.
+build.
+</P>
+<P>If the <I>once</I> setting is yes, then the neighbor list is only built
+once at the beginning of each run, and never rebuilt, except on steps
+when a restart file is written, or steps when a fix forces a rebuild
+to occur (e.g. fixes that create or delete atoms, such as <A HREF = "fix_deposit.html">fix
+deposit</A> or <A HREF = "fix_evaporate.html">fix evaporate</A>).
+This setting should only be made if you are certain atoms will not
+move far enough that the neighbor list should be rebuilt, e.g. running
+a simulation of a cold crystal. Note that it is not that expensive to
+check if neighbor lists should be rebuilt.
</P>
<P>When the rRESPA integrator is used (see the <A HREF = "run_style.html">run_style</A>
command), the <I>every</I> and <I>delay</I> parameters refer to the longest
(outermost) timestep.
</P>
<P>The <I>cluster</I> option does a sanity test every time neighbor lists are
built for bond, angle, dihedral, and improper interactions, to check
that each set of 2, 3, or 4 atoms is a cluster of nearby atoms. It
does this by computing the distance between pairs of atoms in the
interaction and insuring they are not further apart than half the
periodic box length. If they are, an error is generated, since the
interaction would be computed between far-away atoms instead of their
nearby periodic images. The only way this should happen is if the
pairwise cutoff is so short that atoms that are part of the same
interaction are not communicated as ghost atoms. This is an unusual
model (e.g. no pair interactions at all) and the problem can be fixed
by use of the <A HREF = "communicate.html">communicate cutoff</A> command. Note
that to save time, the default <I>cluster</I> setting is <I>no</I>, so that this
check is not performed.
</P>
<P>The <I>include</I> option limits the building of pairwise neighbor lists to
atoms in the specified group. This can be useful for models where a
large portion of the simulation is particles that do not interact with
other particles or with each other via pairwise interactions. The
group specified with this option must also be specified via the
<A HREF = "atom_modify.html">atom_modify first</A> command.
</P>
<P>The <I>exclude</I> option turns off pairwise interactions between certain
pairs of atoms, by not including them in the neighbor list. These are
sample scenarios where this is useful:
</P>
<UL><LI>In crack simulations, pairwise interactions can be shut off between 2
slabs of atoms to effectively create a crack.
<LI>When a large collection of atoms is treated as frozen, interactions
between those atoms can be turned off to save needless
computation. E.g. Using the <A HREF = "fix_setforce.html">fix setforce</A> command
to freeze a wall or portion of a bio-molecule.
<LI>When one or more rigid bodies are specified, interactions within each
body can be turned off to save needless computation. See the <A HREF = "fix_rigid.html">fix
rigid</A> command for more details.
</UL>
<P>The <I>exclude type</I> option turns off the pairwise interaction if one
atom is of type M and the other of type N. M can equal N. The
<I>exclude group</I> option turns off the interaction if one atom is in the
first group and the other is the second. Group1-ID can equal
group2-ID. The <I>exclude molecule</I> option turns off the interaction if
both atoms are in the specified group and in the same molecule, as
determined by their molecule ID.
</P>
<P>Each of the exclude options can be specified multiple times. The
<I>exclude type</I> option is the most efficient option to use; it requires
only a single check, no matter how many times it has been specified.
The other exclude options are more expensive if specified multiple
times; they require one check for each time they have been specified.
</P>
<P>Note that the exclude options only affect pairwise interactions; see
the <A HREF = "delete_bonds.html">delete_bonds</A> command for information on
turning off bond interactions.
</P>
<P>IMPORTANT NOTE: Excluding pairwise interactions will not work
correctly when also using a long-range solver via the
<A HREF = "kspace_style.html">kspace_style</A> command. LAMMPS will give a warning
to this effect. This is because the short-range pairwise interaction
needs to subtract off a term from the total energy for pairs whose
short-range interaction is excluded, to compensate for how the
long-range solver treats the interaction. This is done correctly for
pairwise interactions that are excluded (or weighted) via the
<A HREF = "special_bonds.html">special_bonds</A> command. But it is not done for
interactions that are excluded via these neigh_modify exclude options.
</P>
<P>The <I>page</I> and <I>one</I> options affect how memory is allocated for the
neighbor lists. For most simulations the default settings for these
options are fine, but if a very large problem is being run or a very
long cutoff is being used, these parameters can be tuned. The indices
of neighboring atoms are stored in "pages", which are allocated one
after another as they fill up. The size of each page is set by the
<I>page</I> value. A new page is allocated when the next atom's neighbors
could potentially overflow the list. This threshold is set by the
<I>one</I> value which tells LAMMPS the maximum number of neighbor's one
atom can have.
</P>
<P>IMPORTANT NOTE: LAMMPS can crash without an error message if the
number of neighbors for a single particle is larger than the <I>page</I>
setting, which means it is much, much larger than the <I>one</I> setting.
This is because LAMMPS doesn't error check these limits for every
pairwise interaction (too costly), but only after all the particle's
neighbors have been found. This problem usually means something is
very wrong with the way you've setup your problem (particle spacing,
cutoff length, neighbor skin distance, etc). If you really expect
that many neighbors per particle, then boost the <I>one</I> and <I>page</I>
settings accordingly.
</P>
<P>The <I>binsize</I> option allows you to specify what size of bins will be
used in neighbor list construction to sort and find neighboring atoms.
By default, for <A HREF = "neighbor.html">neighbor style bin</A>, LAMMPS uses bins
that are 1/2 the size of the maximum pair cutoff. For <A HREF = "neighbor.html">neighbor style
multi</A>, the bins are 1/2 the size of the minimum pair
cutoff. Typically these are good values values for minimizing the
time for neighbor list construction. This setting overrides the
default. If you make it too big, there is little overhead due to
looping over bins, but more atoms are checked. If you make it too
small, the optimal number of atoms is checked, but bin overhead goes
up. If you set the binsize to 0.0, LAMMPS will use the default
binsize of 1/2 the cutoff.
</P>
<P><B>Restrictions:</B>
</P>
<P>If the "delay" setting is non-zero, then it must be a multiple of the
"every" setting.
</P>
<P>The exclude molecule option can only be used with atom styles that
define molecule IDs.
</P>
<P>The value of the <I>page</I> setting must be at least 10x larger than the
<I>one</I> setting. This insures neighbor pages are not mostly empty
space.
</P>
<P><B>Related commands:</B>
</P>
<P><A HREF = "neighbor.html">neighbor</A>, <A HREF = "delete_bonds.html">delete_bonds</A>
</P>
<P><B>Default:</B>
</P>
<P>The option defaults are delay = 10, every = 1, check = yes, once = no,
cluster = no, include = all, exclude = none, page = 100000, one =
2000, and binsize = 0.0.
</P>
</HTML>
diff --git a/doc/neigh_modify.txt b/doc/neigh_modify.txt
index 204f1ef3c..2e862edce 100644
--- a/doc/neigh_modify.txt
+++ b/doc/neigh_modify.txt
@@ -1,204 +1,209 @@
"LAMMPS WWW Site"_lws - "LAMMPS Documentation"_ld - "LAMMPS Commands"_lc :c
:link(lws,http://lammps.sandia.gov)
:link(ld,Manual.html)
:link(lc,Section_commands.html#comm)
:line
neigh_modify command :h3
[Syntax:]
neigh_modify keyword values ... :pre
one or more keyword/value pairs may be listed :ulb,l
keyword = {delay} or {every} or {check} or {once} or {cluster} or {include} or {exclude} or {page} or {one} or {binsize}
{delay} value = N
N = delay building until this many steps since last build
{every} value = M
M = build neighbor list every this many steps
{check} value = {yes} or {no}
{yes} = only build if some atom has moved half the skin distance or more
{no} = always build on 1st step that {every} and {delay} are satisfied
{once}
{yes} = only build neighbor list once at start of run and never rebuild
{no} = rebuild neighbor list according to other settings
{cluster}
{yes} = check bond,angle,etc neighbor list for nearby clusters
{no} = do not check bond,angle,etc neighbor list for nearby clusters
{include} value = group-ID
group-ID = only build pair neighbor lists for atoms in this group
{exclude} values:
type M N
M,N = exclude if one atom in pair is type M, other is type N
group group1-ID group2-ID
group1-ID,group2-ID = exclude if one atom is in 1st group, other in 2nd
molecule group-ID
groupname = exclude if both atoms are in the same molecule and in the same group
none
delete all exclude settings
{page} value = N
N = number of pairs stored in a single neighbor page
{one} value = N
N = max number of neighbors of one atom
{binsize} value = size
size = bin size for neighbor list construction (distance units) :pre
:ule
[Examples:]
neigh_modify every 2 delay 10 check yes page 100000
neigh_modify exclude type 2 3
neigh_modify exclude group frozen frozen check no
neigh_modify exclude group residue1 chain3
neigh_modify exclude molecule rigid :pre
[Description:]
This command sets parameters that affect the building and use of
pairwise neighbor lists.
The {every}, {delay}, {check}, and {once} options affect how often
lists are built as a simulation runs. The {delay} setting means never
build a new list until at least N steps after the previous build. The
{every} setting means build the list every M steps (after the delay
has passed). If the {check} setting is {no}, the list is built on the
1st step that satisfies the {delay} and {every} settings. If the
{check} setting is {yes}, then the list is only built on a particular
step if some atom has moved more than half the skin distance
(specified in the "neighbor"_neighbor.html command) since the last
-build. If the {once} setting is yes, then the neighbor list is only
-built once at the beginning of each run, and never rebuilt. This
-should only be done if you are certain atoms will not move far enough
-that the list should be rebuilt. E.g. running a simulation of a cold
-crystal. Note that it is not that expensive to check if neighbor
-lists should be rebuilt.
+build.
+
+If the {once} setting is yes, then the neighbor list is only built
+once at the beginning of each run, and never rebuilt, except on steps
+when a restart file is written, or steps when a fix forces a rebuild
+to occur (e.g. fixes that create or delete atoms, such as "fix
+deposit"_fix_deposit.html or "fix evaporate"_fix_evaporate.html).
+This setting should only be made if you are certain atoms will not
+move far enough that the neighbor list should be rebuilt, e.g. running
+a simulation of a cold crystal. Note that it is not that expensive to
+check if neighbor lists should be rebuilt.
When the rRESPA integrator is used (see the "run_style"_run_style.html
command), the {every} and {delay} parameters refer to the longest
(outermost) timestep.
The {cluster} option does a sanity test every time neighbor lists are
built for bond, angle, dihedral, and improper interactions, to check
that each set of 2, 3, or 4 atoms is a cluster of nearby atoms. It
does this by computing the distance between pairs of atoms in the
interaction and insuring they are not further apart than half the
periodic box length. If they are, an error is generated, since the
interaction would be computed between far-away atoms instead of their
nearby periodic images. The only way this should happen is if the
pairwise cutoff is so short that atoms that are part of the same
interaction are not communicated as ghost atoms. This is an unusual
model (e.g. no pair interactions at all) and the problem can be fixed
by use of the "communicate cutoff"_communicate.html command. Note
that to save time, the default {cluster} setting is {no}, so that this
check is not performed.
The {include} option limits the building of pairwise neighbor lists to
atoms in the specified group. This can be useful for models where a
large portion of the simulation is particles that do not interact with
other particles or with each other via pairwise interactions. The
group specified with this option must also be specified via the
"atom_modify first"_atom_modify.html command.
The {exclude} option turns off pairwise interactions between certain
pairs of atoms, by not including them in the neighbor list. These are
sample scenarios where this is useful:
In crack simulations, pairwise interactions can be shut off between 2
slabs of atoms to effectively create a crack. :ulb,l
When a large collection of atoms is treated as frozen, interactions
between those atoms can be turned off to save needless
computation. E.g. Using the "fix setforce"_fix_setforce.html command
to freeze a wall or portion of a bio-molecule. :l
When one or more rigid bodies are specified, interactions within each
body can be turned off to save needless computation. See the "fix
rigid"_fix_rigid.html command for more details. :l,ule
The {exclude type} option turns off the pairwise interaction if one
atom is of type M and the other of type N. M can equal N. The
{exclude group} option turns off the interaction if one atom is in the
first group and the other is the second. Group1-ID can equal
group2-ID. The {exclude molecule} option turns off the interaction if
both atoms are in the specified group and in the same molecule, as
determined by their molecule ID.
Each of the exclude options can be specified multiple times. The
{exclude type} option is the most efficient option to use; it requires
only a single check, no matter how many times it has been specified.
The other exclude options are more expensive if specified multiple
times; they require one check for each time they have been specified.
Note that the exclude options only affect pairwise interactions; see
the "delete_bonds"_delete_bonds.html command for information on
turning off bond interactions.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Excluding pairwise interactions will not work
correctly when also using a long-range solver via the
"kspace_style"_kspace_style.html command. LAMMPS will give a warning
to this effect. This is because the short-range pairwise interaction
needs to subtract off a term from the total energy for pairs whose
short-range interaction is excluded, to compensate for how the
long-range solver treats the interaction. This is done correctly for
pairwise interactions that are excluded (or weighted) via the
"special_bonds"_special_bonds.html command. But it is not done for
interactions that are excluded via these neigh_modify exclude options.
The {page} and {one} options affect how memory is allocated for the
neighbor lists. For most simulations the default settings for these
options are fine, but if a very large problem is being run or a very
long cutoff is being used, these parameters can be tuned. The indices
of neighboring atoms are stored in "pages", which are allocated one
after another as they fill up. The size of each page is set by the
{page} value. A new page is allocated when the next atom's neighbors
could potentially overflow the list. This threshold is set by the
{one} value which tells LAMMPS the maximum number of neighbor's one
atom can have.
IMPORTANT NOTE: LAMMPS can crash without an error message if the
number of neighbors for a single particle is larger than the {page}
setting, which means it is much, much larger than the {one} setting.
This is because LAMMPS doesn't error check these limits for every
pairwise interaction (too costly), but only after all the particle's
neighbors have been found. This problem usually means something is
very wrong with the way you've setup your problem (particle spacing,
cutoff length, neighbor skin distance, etc). If you really expect
that many neighbors per particle, then boost the {one} and {page}
settings accordingly.
The {binsize} option allows you to specify what size of bins will be
used in neighbor list construction to sort and find neighboring atoms.
By default, for "neighbor style bin"_neighbor.html, LAMMPS uses bins
that are 1/2 the size of the maximum pair cutoff. For "neighbor style
multi"_neighbor.html, the bins are 1/2 the size of the minimum pair
cutoff. Typically these are good values values for minimizing the
time for neighbor list construction. This setting overrides the
default. If you make it too big, there is little overhead due to
looping over bins, but more atoms are checked. If you make it too
small, the optimal number of atoms is checked, but bin overhead goes
up. If you set the binsize to 0.0, LAMMPS will use the default
binsize of 1/2 the cutoff.
[Restrictions:]
If the "delay" setting is non-zero, then it must be a multiple of the
"every" setting.
The exclude molecule option can only be used with atom styles that
define molecule IDs.
The value of the {page} setting must be at least 10x larger than the
{one} setting. This insures neighbor pages are not mostly empty
space.
[Related commands:]
"neighbor"_neighbor.html, "delete_bonds"_delete_bonds.html
[Default:]
The option defaults are delay = 10, every = 1, check = yes, once = no,
cluster = no, include = all, exclude = none, page = 100000, one =
2000, and binsize = 0.0.