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rpict.c
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Wed, Nov 6, 16:08

rpict.c
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#ifndef lint
static const char RCSid[] = "$Id: rpict.c,v 2.94 2020/07/20 15:52:30 greg Exp $";
#endif
/*
* rpict.c - routines and variables for picture generation.
*/
#include "copyright.h"
#include <sys/types.h>
#include "platform.h"
#ifdef NON_POSIX
#ifdef MINGW
#include <sys/time.h>
#endif
#else
#ifdef BSD
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#else
#include <sys/times.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#endif
#include <time.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include "ray.h"
#include "paths.h"
#include "ambient.h"
#include "view.h"
#include "random.h"
#include "paths.h"
#include "hilbert.h"
#include "pmapbias.h"
#include "pmapdiag.h"
#define RFTEMPLATE "rfXXXXXX"
#ifndef SIGCONT
#ifdef SIGIO /* XXX can we live without this? */
#define SIGCONT SIGIO
#endif
#endif
CUBE thescene; /* our scene */
OBJECT nsceneobjs; /* number of objects in our scene */
int dimlist[MAXDIM]; /* sampling dimensions */
int ndims = 0; /* number of sampling dimensions */
int samplendx; /* sample index number */
void (*addobjnotify[])() = {ambnotify, NULL};
VIEW ourview = STDVIEW; /* view parameters */
int hresolu = 512; /* horizontal resolution */
int vresolu = 512; /* vertical resolution */
double pixaspect = 1.0; /* pixel aspect ratio */
int psample = 4; /* pixel sample size */
double maxdiff = .05; /* max. difference for interpolation */
double dstrpix = 0.67; /* square pixel distribution */
double mblur = 0.; /* motion blur parameter */
double dblur = 0.; /* depth-of-field blur parameter */
void (*trace)() = NULL; /* trace call */
int do_irrad = 0; /* compute irradiance? */
int rand_samp = 0; /* pure Monte Carlo sampling? */
double dstrsrc = 0.0; /* square source distribution */
double shadthresh = .05; /* shadow threshold */
double shadcert = .5; /* shadow certainty */
int directrelay = 1; /* number of source relays */
int vspretest = 512; /* virtual source pretest density */
int directvis = 1; /* sources visible? */
double srcsizerat = .25; /* maximum ratio source size/dist. */
COLOR cextinction = BLKCOLOR; /* global extinction coefficient */
COLOR salbedo = BLKCOLOR; /* global scattering albedo */
double seccg = 0.; /* global scattering eccentricity */
double ssampdist = 0.; /* scatter sampling distance */
double specthresh = .15; /* specular sampling threshold */
double specjitter = 1.; /* specular sampling jitter */
int backvis = 1; /* back face visibility */
int maxdepth = 7; /* maximum recursion depth */
double minweight = 1e-3; /* minimum ray weight */
char *ambfile = NULL; /* ambient file name */
COLOR ambval = BLKCOLOR; /* ambient value */
int ambvwt = 0; /* initial weight for ambient value */
double ambacc = 0.2; /* ambient accuracy */
int ambres = 64; /* ambient resolution */
int ambdiv = 512; /* ambient divisions */
int ambssamp = 128; /* ambient super-samples */
int ambounce = 0; /* ambient bounces */
char *amblist[AMBLLEN]; /* ambient include/exclude list */
int ambincl = -1; /* include == 1, exclude == 0 */
int ralrm = 0; /* seconds between reports */
double pctdone = 0.0; /* percentage done */
time_t tlastrept = 0L; /* time at last report */
time_t tstart; /* starting time */
#define MAXDIV 16 /* maximum sample size */
#define pixjitter() (.5+dstrpix*(.5-frandom()))
int hres, vres; /* resolution for this frame */
static VIEW lastview; /* the previous view input */
static void report(int);
static int nextview(FILE *fp);
static void render(char *zfile, char *oldfile);
static void fillscanline(COLOR *scanline, float *zline, char *sd, int xres,
int y, int xstep);
static void fillscanbar(COLOR *scanbar[], float *zbar[], int xres,
int y, int ysize);
static int fillsample(COLOR *colline, float *zline, int x, int y,
int xlen, int ylen, int b);
static double pixvalue(COLOR col, int x, int y);
static int salvage(char *oldfile);
static int pixnumber(int x, int y, int xres, int yres);
void
quit(int code) /* quit program */
{
if (code) /* report status */
report(0);
#ifndef NON_POSIX
headclean(); /* delete header file */
pfclean(); /* clean up persist files */
#endif
exit(code);
}
#ifndef NON_POSIX
static void
report(int dummy) /* report progress */
{
char bcStat [128];
double u, s;
#ifdef BSD
struct rusage rubuf;
#else
double period = 1.0 / 60.0;
struct tms tbuf;
#endif
tlastrept = time((time_t *)NULL);
#ifdef BSD
getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &rubuf);
u = rubuf.ru_utime.tv_sec + rubuf.ru_utime.tv_usec*1e-6;
s = rubuf.ru_stime.tv_sec + rubuf.ru_stime.tv_usec*1e-6;
getrusage(RUSAGE_CHILDREN, &rubuf);
u += rubuf.ru_utime.tv_sec + rubuf.ru_utime.tv_usec*1e-6;
s += rubuf.ru_stime.tv_sec + rubuf.ru_stime.tv_usec*1e-6;
#else
times(&tbuf);
#ifdef _SC_CLK_TCK
period = 1.0 / sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK);
#endif
u = ( tbuf.tms_utime + tbuf.tms_cutime ) * period;
s = ( tbuf.tms_stime + tbuf.tms_cstime ) * period;
#endif
/* PMAP: Get photon map bias compensation statistics */
pmapBiasCompReport(bcStat);
sprintf(errmsg,
"%lu rays, %s%4.2f%% after %.3fu %.3fs %.3fr hours on %s (PID %d)\n",
nrays, bcStat, pctdone, u*(1./3600.), s*(1./3600.),
(tlastrept-tstart)*(1./3600.), myhostname(), getpid());
eputs(errmsg);
#ifdef SIGCONT
signal(SIGCONT, report);
#endif
}
#else
static void
report(int dummy) /* report progress */
{
char bcStat [128];
tlastrept = time((time_t *)NULL);
/* PMAP: Get photon map bias compensation statistics */
pmapBiasCompReport(bcStat);
sprintf(errmsg, "%lu rays, %s%4.2f%% after %5.4f hours\n",
nrays, bcStat, pctdone, (tlastrept-tstart)/3600.0);
eputs(errmsg);
}
#endif
void
rpict( /* generate image(s) */
int seq,
char *pout,
char *zout,
char *prvr
)
/*
* If seq is greater than zero, then we will render a sequence of
* images based on view parameter strings read from the standard input.
* If pout is NULL, then all images will be sent to the standard ouput.
* If seq is greater than zero and prvr is an integer, then it is the
* frame number at which rendering should begin. Preceeding view parameter
* strings will be skipped in the input.
* If pout and prvr are the same, prvr is renamed to avoid overwriting.
* Note that pout and zout should contain %d format specifications for
* sequenced file naming.
*/
{
char fbuf[128], fbuf2[128];
int npicts;
char *cp;
RESOLU rs;
double pa;
/* check sampling */
if (psample < 1)
psample = 1;
else if (psample > MAXDIV) {
sprintf(errmsg, "pixel sampling reduced from %d to %d",
psample, MAXDIV);
error(WARNING, errmsg);
psample = MAXDIV;
}
/* get starting frame */
if (seq <= 0)
seq = 0;
else if (prvr != NULL && isint(prvr)) {
int rn; /* skip to specified view */
if ((rn = atoi(prvr)) < seq)
error(USER, "recover frame less than start frame");
if (pout == NULL)
error(USER, "missing output file specification");
for ( ; seq < rn; seq++)
if (nextview(stdin) == EOF)
error(USER, "unexpected EOF on view input");
setview(&ourview);
prvr = fbuf; /* mark for renaming */
}
if ((pout != NULL) & (prvr != NULL)) {
sprintf(fbuf, pout, seq);
if (!strcmp(prvr, fbuf)) { /* rename */
strcpy(fbuf2, fbuf);
for (cp = fbuf2; *cp; cp++)
;
while (cp > fbuf2 && !ISDIRSEP(cp[-1]))
cp--;
strcpy(cp, RFTEMPLATE);
prvr = mktemp(fbuf2);
if (rename(fbuf, prvr) < 0) {
if (errno == ENOENT) { /* ghost file */
sprintf(errmsg,
"new output file \"%s\"",
fbuf);
error(WARNING, errmsg);
prvr = NULL;
} else { /* serious error */
sprintf(errmsg,
"cannot rename \"%s\" to \"%s\"",
fbuf, prvr);
error(SYSTEM, errmsg);
}
}
}
}
npicts = 0; /* render sequence */
do {
if (seq && nextview(stdin) == EOF)
break;
pctdone = 0.0;
if (pout != NULL) {
int myfd;
close(1); /* reassign stdout */
sprintf(fbuf, pout, seq);
tryagain:
errno = 0; /* exclusive open */
if ((myfd = open(fbuf, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 0666)) < 0) {
if ((errno != EEXIST) | (prvr != NULL) ||
!strcmp(fbuf, pout)) {
sprintf(errmsg,
"cannot open output file \"%s\"",
fbuf);
error(SYSTEM, errmsg);
}
setview(&ourview);
continue; /* don't clobber */
}
if (myfd != 1) {
unlink(fbuf);
goto tryagain; /* leave it open */
}
SET_FD_BINARY(1);
dupheader();
}
hres = hresolu; vres = vresolu; pa = pixaspect;
if (prvr != NULL) {
if (viewfile(prvr, &ourview, &rs) <= 0) {
sprintf(errmsg,
"cannot recover view parameters from \"%s\"", prvr);
error(WARNING, errmsg);
} else {
pa = 0.0;
hres = scanlen(&rs);
vres = numscans(&rs);
}
}
if ((cp = setview(&ourview)) != NULL)
error(USER, cp);
normaspect(viewaspect(&ourview), &pa, &hres, &vres);
if (seq) {
if (ralrm > 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "FRAME %d:", seq);
fprintview(&ourview, stderr);
putc('\n', stderr);
fflush(stderr);
}
printf("FRAME=%d\n", seq);
}
fputs(VIEWSTR, stdout);
fprintview(&ourview, stdout);
putchar('\n');
if ((pa < .99) | (pa > 1.01))
fputaspect(pa, stdout);
fputnow(stdout);
fputformat(COLRFMT, stdout);
putchar('\n');
if (zout != NULL)
sprintf(cp=fbuf, zout, seq);
else
cp = NULL;
render(cp, prvr);
prvr = NULL;
npicts++;
} while (seq++);
/* check that we did something */
if (npicts == 0)
error(WARNING, "no output produced");
}
static int
nextview( /* get next view from fp */
FILE *fp
)
{
char linebuf[256];
lastview = ourview;
while (fgets(linebuf, sizeof(linebuf), fp) != NULL)
if (isview(linebuf) && sscanview(&ourview, linebuf) > 0)
return(0);
return(EOF);
}
static void
render( /* render the scene */
char *zfile,
char *oldfile
)
{
COLOR *scanbar[MAXDIV+1]; /* scanline arrays of pixel values */
float *zbar[MAXDIV+1]; /* z values */
char *sampdens; /* previous sample density */
int ypos; /* current scanline */
int ystep; /* current y step size */
int hstep; /* h step size */
int zfd;
COLOR *colptr;
float *zptr;
int i;
/* check for empty image */
if ((hres <= 0) | (vres <= 0)) {
error(WARNING, "empty output picture");
fprtresolu(0, 0, stdout);
return;
}
/* allocate scanlines */
for (i = 0; i <= psample; i++) {
scanbar[i] = (COLOR *)malloc(hres*sizeof(COLOR));
if (scanbar[i] == NULL)
goto memerr;
}
hstep = (psample*140+49)/99; /* quincunx sampling */
ystep = (psample*99+70)/140;
if (hstep > 2) {
i = hres/hstep + 2;
if ((sampdens = (char *)malloc(i)) == NULL)
goto memerr;
while (i--)
sampdens[i] = hstep;
} else
sampdens = NULL;
/* open z-file */
if (zfile != NULL) {
if ((zfd = open(zfile, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 0666)) == -1) {
sprintf(errmsg, "cannot open z-file \"%s\"", zfile);
error(SYSTEM, errmsg);
}
SET_FD_BINARY(zfd);
for (i = 0; i <= psample; i++) {
zbar[i] = (float *)malloc(hres*sizeof(float));
if (zbar[i] == NULL)
goto memerr;
}
} else {
zfd = -1;
for (i = 0; i <= psample; i++)
zbar[i] = NULL;
}
/* write out boundaries */
fprtresolu(hres, vres, stdout);
/* recover file and compute first */
i = salvage(oldfile);
if (i >= vres)
goto alldone;
if ((zfd != -1) & (i > 0) &&
lseek(zfd, (off_t)i*hres*sizeof(float), SEEK_SET) < 0)
error(SYSTEM, "z-file seek error in render");
pctdone = 100.0*i/vres;
if (ralrm > 0) /* report init stats */
report(0);
#ifdef SIGCONT
else
signal(SIGCONT, report);
#endif
ypos = vres-1 - i; /* initialize sampling */
if (directvis)
init_drawsources(psample);
fillscanline(scanbar[0], zbar[0], sampdens, hres, ypos, hstep);
/* compute scanlines */
for (ypos -= ystep; ypos > -ystep; ypos -= ystep) {
/* bottom adjust? */
if (ypos < 0) {
ystep += ypos;
ypos = 0;
}
colptr = scanbar[ystep]; /* move base to top */
scanbar[ystep] = scanbar[0];
scanbar[0] = colptr;
zptr = zbar[ystep];
zbar[ystep] = zbar[0];
zbar[0] = zptr;
/* fill base line */
fillscanline(scanbar[0], zbar[0], sampdens,
hres, ypos, hstep);
/* fill bar */
fillscanbar(scanbar, zbar, hres, ypos, ystep);
if (directvis) /* add bitty sources */
drawsources(scanbar, zbar, 0, hres, ypos, ystep);
/* write it out */
#ifdef SIGCONT
signal(SIGCONT, SIG_IGN); /* don't interrupt writes */
#endif
for (i = ystep; i > 0; i--) {
if (zfd != -1 && write(zfd, (char *)zbar[i],
hres*sizeof(float))
< hres*sizeof(float))
goto writerr;
if (fwritescan(scanbar[i], hres, stdout) < 0)
goto writerr;
}
if (fflush(stdout) == EOF)
goto writerr;
/* record progress */
pctdone = 100.0*(vres-1-ypos)/vres;
if (ralrm > 0 && time((time_t *)NULL) >= tlastrept+ralrm)
report(0);
#ifdef SIGCONT
else
signal(SIGCONT, report);
#endif
}
/* clean up */
#ifdef SIGCONT
signal(SIGCONT, SIG_IGN);
#endif
if (zfd != -1 && write(zfd, (char *)zbar[0], hres*sizeof(float))
< hres*sizeof(float))
goto writerr;
fwritescan(scanbar[0], hres, stdout);
if (fflush(stdout) == EOF)
goto writerr;
alldone:
if (zfd != -1) {
if (close(zfd) == -1)
goto writerr;
for (i = 0; i <= psample; i++)
free((void *)zbar[i]);
}
for (i = 0; i <= psample; i++)
free((void *)scanbar[i]);
if (sampdens != NULL)
free(sampdens);
pctdone = 100.0;
if (ralrm > 0)
report(0);
#ifdef SIGCONT
signal(SIGCONT, SIG_DFL);
#endif
return;
writerr:
error(SYSTEM, "write error in render");
memerr:
error(SYSTEM, "out of memory in render");
}
static void
fillscanline( /* fill scan at y */
COLOR *scanline,
float *zline,
char *sd,
int xres,
int y,
int xstep
)
{
static int nc = 0; /* number of calls */
int bl = xstep, b = xstep;
double z;
int i;
z = pixvalue(scanline[0], 0, y);
if (zline) zline[0] = z;
/* zig-zag start for quincunx pattern */
for (i = ++nc & 1 ? xstep : xstep/2; i < xres-1+xstep; i += xstep) {
if (i >= xres) {
xstep += xres-1-i;
i = xres-1;
}
z = pixvalue(scanline[i], i, y);
if (zline) zline[i] = z;
if (sd) b = sd[0] > sd[1] ? sd[0] : sd[1];
if (i <= xstep)
b = fillsample(scanline, zline, 0, y, i, 0, b/2);
else
b = fillsample(scanline+i-xstep,
zline ? zline+i-xstep : (float *)NULL,
i-xstep, y, xstep, 0, b/2);
if (sd) *sd++ = nc & 1 ? bl : b;
bl = b;
}
if (sd && nc & 1) *sd = bl;
}
static void
fillscanbar( /* fill interior */
COLOR *scanbar[],
float *zbar[],
int xres,
int y,
int ysize
)
{
COLOR vline[MAXDIV+1];
float zline[MAXDIV+1];
int b = ysize;
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < xres; i++) {
copycolor(vline[0], scanbar[0][i]);
copycolor(vline[ysize], scanbar[ysize][i]);
if (zbar[0]) {
zline[0] = zbar[0][i];
zline[ysize] = zbar[ysize][i];
}
b = fillsample(vline, zbar[0] ? zline : (float *)NULL,
i, y, 0, ysize, b/2);
for (j = 1; j < ysize; j++)
copycolor(scanbar[j][i], vline[j]);
if (zbar[0])
for (j = 1; j < ysize; j++)
zbar[j][i] = zline[j];
}
}
static int
fillsample( /* fill interior points */
COLOR *colline,
float *zline,
int x,
int y,
int xlen,
int ylen,
int b
)
{
double ratio;
double z;
COLOR ctmp;
int ncut;
int len;
if (xlen > 0) /* x or y length is zero */
len = xlen;
else
len = ylen;
if (len <= 1) /* limit recursion */
return(0);
if (b > 0 ||
(zline && 2.*fabs(zline[0]-zline[len]) > maxdiff*(zline[0]+zline[len]))
|| bigdiff(colline[0], colline[len], maxdiff)) {
z = pixvalue(colline[len>>1], x + (xlen>>1), y + (ylen>>1));
if (zline) zline[len>>1] = z;
ncut = 1;
} else { /* interpolate */
copycolor(colline[len>>1], colline[len]);
ratio = (double)(len>>1) / len;
scalecolor(colline[len>>1], ratio);
if (zline) zline[len>>1] = zline[len] * ratio;
ratio = 1.0 - ratio;
copycolor(ctmp, colline[0]);
scalecolor(ctmp, ratio);
addcolor(colline[len>>1], ctmp);
if (zline) zline[len>>1] += zline[0] * ratio;
ncut = 0;
}
/* recurse */
ncut += fillsample(colline, zline, x, y, xlen>>1, ylen>>1, (b-1)/2);
ncut += fillsample(colline+(len>>1),
zline ? zline+(len>>1) : (float *)NULL,
x+(xlen>>1), y+(ylen>>1),
xlen-(xlen>>1), ylen-(ylen>>1), b/2);
return(ncut);
}
static double
pixvalue( /* compute pixel value */
COLOR col, /* returned color */
int x, /* pixel position */
int y
)
{
extern void SDsquare2disk(double ds[2], double seedx, double seedy);
RAY thisray;
FVECT lorg, ldir;
double hpos, vpos, vdist, lmax;
int i;
/* compute view ray */
setcolor(col, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
hpos = (x+pixjitter())/hres;
vpos = (y+pixjitter())/vres;
if ((thisray.rmax = viewray(thisray.rorg, thisray.rdir,
&ourview, hpos, vpos)) < -FTINY)
return(0.0);
vdist = ourview.vdist;
/* set pixel index */
samplendx = pixnumber(x,y,hres,vres);
/* optional motion blur */
if (lastview.type && mblur > FTINY && (lmax = viewray(lorg, ldir,
&lastview, hpos, vpos)) >= -FTINY) {
double d = mblur*(.5-urand(281+samplendx));
thisray.rmax = (1.-d)*thisray.rmax + d*lmax;
for (i = 3; i--; ) {
thisray.rorg[i] = (1.-d)*thisray.rorg[i] + d*lorg[i];
thisray.rdir[i] = (1.-d)*thisray.rdir[i] + d*ldir[i];
}
if (normalize(thisray.rdir) == 0.0)
return(0.0);
vdist = (1.-d)*vdist + d*lastview.vdist;
}
/* optional depth-of-field */
if (dblur > FTINY) {
double vc, df[2];
/* random point on disk */
SDsquare2disk(df, frandom(), frandom());
df[0] *= .5*dblur;
df[1] *= .5*dblur;
if ((ourview.type == VT_PER) | (ourview.type == VT_PAR)) {
double adj = 1.0;
if (ourview.type == VT_PER)
adj /= DOT(thisray.rdir, ourview.vdir);
df[0] /= sqrt(ourview.hn2);
df[1] /= sqrt(ourview.vn2);
for (i = 3; i--; ) {
vc = ourview.vp[i] + adj*vdist*thisray.rdir[i];
thisray.rorg[i] += df[0]*ourview.hvec[i] +
df[1]*ourview.vvec[i] ;
thisray.rdir[i] = vc - thisray.rorg[i];
}
} else { /* non-standard view case */
double dfd = PI/4.*dblur*(.5 - frandom());
if ((ourview.type != VT_ANG) & (ourview.type != VT_PLS)) {
if (ourview.type != VT_CYL)
df[0] /= sqrt(ourview.hn2);
df[1] /= sqrt(ourview.vn2);
}
for (i = 3; i--; ) {
vc = ourview.vp[i] + vdist*thisray.rdir[i];
thisray.rorg[i] += df[0]*ourview.hvec[i] +
df[1]*ourview.vvec[i] +
dfd*ourview.vdir[i] ;
thisray.rdir[i] = vc - thisray.rorg[i];
}
}
if (normalize(thisray.rdir) == 0.0)
return(0.0);
}
rayorigin(&thisray, PRIMARY, NULL, NULL);
rayvalue(&thisray); /* trace ray */
copycolor(col, thisray.rcol); /* return color */
return(raydistance(&thisray)); /* return distance */
}
static int
salvage( /* salvage scanlines from killed program */
char *oldfile
)
{
COLR *scanline;
FILE *fp;
int x, y;
if (oldfile == NULL)
goto gotzip;
if ((fp = fopen(oldfile, "r")) == NULL) {
sprintf(errmsg, "cannot open recover file \"%s\"", oldfile);
error(WARNING, errmsg);
goto gotzip;
}
SET_FILE_BINARY(fp);
/* discard header */
getheader(fp, NULL, NULL);
/* get picture size */
if (!fscnresolu(&x, &y, fp)) {
sprintf(errmsg, "bad recover file \"%s\" - not removed",
oldfile);
error(WARNING, errmsg);
fclose(fp);
goto gotzip;
}
if ((x != hres) | (y != vres)) {
sprintf(errmsg, "resolution mismatch in recover file \"%s\"",
oldfile);
error(USER, errmsg);
}
scanline = (COLR *)malloc(hres*sizeof(COLR));
if (scanline == NULL)
error(SYSTEM, "out of memory in salvage");
for (y = 0; y < vres; y++) {
if (freadcolrs(scanline, hres, fp) < 0)
break;
if (fwritecolrs(scanline, hres, stdout) < 0)
goto writerr;
}
if (fflush(stdout) == EOF)
goto writerr;
free((void *)scanline);
fclose(fp);
unlink(oldfile);
return(y);
gotzip:
if (fflush(stdout) == EOF)
error(SYSTEM, "error writing picture header");
return(0);
writerr:
sprintf(errmsg, "write error during recovery of \"%s\"", oldfile);
error(SYSTEM, errmsg);
return -1; /* pro forma return */
}
static int
pixnumber( /* compute pixel index (screen door) */
int x,
int y,
int xres,
int yres
)
{
unsigned nbits = 0;
bitmask_t coord[2];
if (xres < yres) xres = yres;
while (xres > 0) {
xres >>= 1;
++nbits;
}
coord[0] = x; coord[1] = y;
return ((int)hilbert_c2i(2, nbits, coord));
}

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