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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="fixes.html">Fixes</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_adapt.html">fix adapt command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_adapt_fep.html">fix adapt/fep command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_addforce.html">fix addforce command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_addtorque.html">fix addtorque command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_append_atoms.html">fix append/atoms command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_atc.html">fix atc command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_atom_swap.html">fix atom/swap command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ave_atom.html">fix ave/atom command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ave_chunk.html">fix ave/chunk command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ave_correlate.html">fix ave/correlate command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ave_correlate_long.html">fix ave/correlate/long command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ave_histo.html">fix ave/histo command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ave_histo.html#fix-ave-histo-weight-command">fix ave/histo/weight command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ave_time.html">fix ave/time command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_aveforce.html">fix aveforce command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_balance.html">fix balance command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_bond_break.html">fix bond/break command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_bond_create.html">fix bond/create command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">fix bond/swap command</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#syntax">Syntax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#description">Description</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#restrictions">Restrictions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#related-commands">Related commands</a></li>
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</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_box_relax.html">fix box/relax command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_colvars.html">fix colvars command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_controller.html">fix controller command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_deform.html">fix deform command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_deform.html#fix-deform-kk-command">fix deform/kk command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_deposit.html">fix deposit command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_drag.html">fix drag command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_drude.html">fix drude command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_drude_transform.html">fix drude/transform/direct command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_drude_transform.html#fix-drude-transform-inverse-command">fix drude/transform/inverse command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_dt_reset.html">fix dt/reset command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_efield.html">fix efield command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ehex.html">fix ehex command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_enforce2d.html">fix enforce2d command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_eos_cv.html">fix eos/cv command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_eos_table.html">fix eos/table command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_eos_table_rx.html">fix eos/table/rx command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_evaporate.html">fix evaporate command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_external.html">fix external command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_flow_gauss.html">fix flow/gauss command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_freeze.html">fix freeze command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_gcmc.html">fix gcmc command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_gld.html">fix gld command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_gle.html">fix gle command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_gravity.html">fix gravity command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_gravity.html#fix-gravity-omp-command">fix gravity/omp command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_heat.html">fix heat command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_imd.html">fix imd command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_indent.html">fix indent command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ipi.html">fix ipi command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_langevin.html">fix langevin command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_langevin.html#fix-langevin-kk-command">fix langevin/kk command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_langevin_drude.html">fix langevin/drude command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_langevin_eff.html">fix langevin/eff command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_lb_fluid.html">fix lb/fluid command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_lb_momentum.html">fix lb/momentum command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_lb_pc.html">fix lb/pc command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_lb_rigid_pc_sphere.html">fix lb/rigid/pc/sphere command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_lb_viscous.html">fix lb/viscous command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_lineforce.html">fix lineforce command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_manifoldforce.html">fix manifoldforce command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_meso.html">fix meso command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_meso_stationary.html">fix meso/stationary command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_momentum.html">fix momentum command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_move.html">fix move command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_msst.html">fix msst command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_neb.html">fix neb command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nh.html">fix nvt command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nh.html#fix-nvt-intel-command">fix nvt/intel command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nh.html#fix-nvt-kk-command">fix nvt/kk command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nh.html#fix-nvt-omp-command">fix nvt/omp command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nh.html#fix-npt-command">fix npt command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nh.html#fix-npt-intel-command">fix npt/intel command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nh.html#fix-npt-kk-command">fix npt/kk command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nh.html#fix-npt-omp-command">fix npt/omp command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nh.html#fix-nph-command">fix nph command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nh.html#fix-nph-kk-command">fix nph/kk command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nh.html#fix-nph-omp-command">fix nph/omp command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nh_eff.html">fix nvt/eff command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nh_eff.html#fix-npt-eff-command">fix npt/eff command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nh_eff.html#fix-nph-eff-command">fix nph/eff command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nph_asphere.html">fix nph/asphere command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nph_asphere.html#fix-nph-asphere-omp-command">fix nph/asphere/omp command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nph_body.html">fix nph/body command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nph_sphere.html">fix nph/sphere command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nph_sphere.html#fix-nph-sphere-omp-command">fix nph/sphere/omp command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nphug.html">fix nphug command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nphug.html#fix-nphug-omp-command">fix nphug/omp command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_npt_asphere.html">fix npt/asphere command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_npt_asphere.html#fix-npt-asphere-omp-command">fix npt/asphere/omp command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_npt_body.html">fix npt/body command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_npt_sphere.html">fix npt/sphere command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_npt_sphere.html#fix-npt-sphere-omp-command">fix npt/sphere/omp command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve.html">fix nve command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve.html#fix-nve-intel-command">fix nve/intel command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve.html#fix-nve-kk-command">fix nve/kk command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve.html#fix-nve-omp-command">fix nve/omp command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_asphere.html">fix nve/asphere command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_asphere.html#fix-nve-asphere-intel-command">fix nve/asphere/intel command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_asphere_noforce.html">fix nve/asphere/noforce command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_body.html">fix nve/body command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_eff.html">fix nve/eff command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_limit.html">fix nve/limit command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_line.html">fix nve/line command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_manifold_rattle.html">fix nve/manifold/rattle command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_noforce.html">fix nve/noforce command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_sphere.html">fix nve/sphere command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_sphere.html#fix-nve-sphere-omp-command">fix nve/sphere/omp command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_tri.html">fix nve/tri command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nvt_asphere.html">fix nvt/asphere command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nvt_asphere.html#fix-nvt-asphere-omp-command">fix nvt/asphere/omp command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nvt_body.html">fix nvt/body command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nvt_manifold_rattle.html">fix nvt/manifold/rattle command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nvt_sllod.html">fix nvt/sllod command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nvt_sllod.html#fix-nvt-sllod-intel-command">fix nvt/sllod/intel command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nvt_sllod.html#fix-nvt-sllod-omp-command">fix nvt/sllod/omp command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nvt_sllod_eff.html">fix nvt/sllod/eff command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nvt_sphere.html">fix nvt/sphere command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nvt_sphere.html#fix-nvt-sphere-omp-command">fix nvt/sphere/omp command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_oneway.html">fix oneway command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_orient.html">fix orient/fcc command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_orient.html#fix-orient-bcc-command">fix orient/bcc command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_phonon.html">fix phonon command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_pimd.html">fix pimd command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_planeforce.html">fix planeforce command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_poems.html">fix poems</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_pour.html">fix pour command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_press_berendsen.html">fix press/berendsen command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_print.html">fix print command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_property_atom.html">fix property/atom command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qbmsst.html">fix qbmsst command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qeq.html">fix qeq/point command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qeq.html#fix-qeq-shielded-command">fix qeq/shielded command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qeq.html#fix-qeq-slater-command">fix qeq/slater command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qeq.html#fix-qeq-dynamic-command">fix qeq/dynamic command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qeq.html#fix-qeq-fire-command">fix qeq/fire command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qeq_comb.html">fix qeq/comb command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qeq_comb.html#fix-qeq-comb-omp-command">fix qeq/comb/omp command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qeq_reax.html">fix qeq/reax command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qeq_reax.html#fix-qeq-reax-kk-command">fix qeq/reax/kk command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qmmm.html">fix qmmm command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qtb.html">fix qtb command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_reax_bonds.html">fix reax/bonds command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_reax_bonds.html#fix-reax-c-bonds-command">fix reax/c/bonds command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_reaxc_species.html">fix reax/c/species command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_recenter.html">fix recenter command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_restrain.html">fix restrain command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rigid.html">fix rigid command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rigid.html#fix-rigid-nve-command">fix rigid/nve command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rigid.html#fix-rigid-nvt-command">fix rigid/nvt command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rigid.html#fix-rigid-npt-command">fix rigid/npt command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rigid.html#fix-rigid-nph-command">fix rigid/nph command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rigid.html#fix-rigid-small-command">fix rigid/small command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rigid.html#fix-rigid-nve-small-command">fix rigid/nve/small command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rigid.html#fix-rigid-nvt-small-command">fix rigid/nvt/small command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rigid.html#fix-rigid-npt-small-command">fix rigid/npt/small command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rigid.html#fix-rigid-nph-small-command">fix rigid/nph/small command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rx.html">fix rx command</a></li>
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<div class="section" id="fix-bond-swap-command">
<span id="index-0"></span><h1>fix bond/swap command</h1>
<div class="section" id="syntax">
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fix</span> <span class="n">ID</span> <span class="n">group</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">ID</span> <span class="n">bond</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">Nevery</span> <span class="n">fraction</span> <span class="n">cutoff</span> <span class="n">seed</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<ul class="simple">
<li>ID, group-ID are documented in <a class="reference internal" href="fix.html"><span class="doc">fix</span></a> command</li>
<li>bond/swap = style name of this fix command</li>
<li>Nevery = attempt bond swapping every this many steps</li>
<li>fraction = fraction of group atoms to consider for swapping</li>
<li>cutoff = distance at which swapping will be considered (distance units)</li>
<li>seed = random # seed (positive integer)</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="examples">
<h2>Examples</h2>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fix</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="nb">all</span> <span class="n">bond</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">swap</span> <span class="mi">50</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="mf">1.3</span> <span class="mi">598934</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="description">
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>In a simulation of polymer chains, this command attempts to swap bonds
between two different chains, effectively grafting the end of one
chain onto another chain and vice versa. This is done via Monte Carlo
rules using the Boltzmann acceptance criterion. The purpose is to
equilibrate the polymer chain conformations more rapidly than dynamics
alone would do it, by enabling instantaneous large conformational
changes in a dense polymer melt. The polymer chains should thus more
rapidly converge to the proper end-to-end distances and radii of
gyration. It is designed for use with systems of
<a class="reference internal" href="bond_fene.html"><span class="doc">FENE</span></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="bond_harmonic.html"><span class="doc">harmonic</span></a> bead-spring
polymer chains where each polymer is a linear chain of monomers, but
LAMMPS does not enforce this requirement, i.e. any
<a class="reference internal" href="bond_style.html"><span class="doc">bond_style</span></a> can be used.</p>
<p>A schematic of the kinds of bond swaps that can occur is shown here:</p>
<img alt="_images/bondswap.jpg" class="align-center" src="_images/bondswap.jpg" />
<p>On the left, the red and blue chains have two monomers A1 and B1 close
to each other, which are currently bonded to monomers A2 and B2
respectively within their own chains. The bond swap operation will
attempt to delete the A1-A2 and B1-B2 bonds and replace them with
A1-B2 and B1-A2 bonds. If the swap is energetically favorable, the
two chains on the right are the result and each polymer chain has
undergone a dramatic conformational change. This reference,
<a class="reference internal" href="#sides"><span class="std std-ref">(Sides)</span></a> provides more details on how the algorithm works and
its application:</p>
<p>The bond swapping operation is invoked every <em>Nevery</em> timesteps. If
any bond is swapped, a re-build of the neighbor lists is triggered,
since a swap alters the list of which neighbors are considered for
pairwise interaction. At each invocation, each processor considers a
random specified <em>fraction</em> of its atoms as potential swapping
monomers for this timestep. Choosing a small <em>fraction</em> value can
reduce the likelihood of a reverse swap occurring soon after an
initial swap.</p>
<p>For each monomer A1, its neighbors are examined to find a possible B1
monomer. Both A1 and B1 must be in the fix group, their separation
must be less than the specified <em>cutoff</em>, and the molecule IDs of A1
and B1 must be the same (see below). If a suitable partner is found,
the energy change due to swapping the 2 bonds is computed. This
includes changes in pairwise, bond, and angle energies due to the
altered connectivity of the 2 chains. Dihedral and improper
interactions are not allowed to be defined when this fix is used.</p>
<p>If the energy decreases due to the swap operation, the bond swap is
accepted. If the energy increases it is accepted with probability
exp(-delta/kT) where delta is the increase in energy, k is the
Boltzmann constant, and T is the current temperature of the system.
Whether the swap is accepted or rejected, no other swaps are attempted
by this processor on this timestep.</p>
<p>The criterion for matching molecule IDs is how bond swaps performed by
this fix conserve chain length. To use this features you must setup
the molecule IDs for your polymer chains in a certain way, typically
in the data file, read by the <a class="reference internal" href="read_data.html"><span class="doc">read_data</span></a> comand.
Consider a system of 6-mer chains. You have 2 choices. If the
molecule IDs for monomers on each chain are set to 1,2,3,4,5,6 then
swaps will conserve chain length. For a particular momoner there will
be only one other monomer on another chain which is a potential swap
partner. If the molecule IDs for monomers on each chain are set to
1,2,3,3,2,1 then swaps will conserve chain length but swaps will be
able to occur at either end of a chain. Thus for a particular monomer
there will be 2 possible swap partners on another chain. In this
scenario, swaps can also occur within a single chain, i.e. the two
ends of a chain swap with each other.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">If your simulation uses molecule IDs in the usual way, where all
monomers on a single chain are assigned the same ID (different for
each chain), then swaps will only occur within the same chain. If you
assign the same molecule ID to all monomers in all chains then
inter-chain swaps will occur, but they will not conserve chain length.
Neither of these scenarios is probably what you want for this fix.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">When a bond swap occurs the image flags of monomers in the new
polymer chains can become inconsistent. See the <a class="reference internal" href="dump.html"><span class="doc">dump</span></a>
command for a discussion of image flags. This is not an issue for
running dynamics, but can affect calculation of some diagnostic
quantities or the printing of unwrapped coordinates to a dump file.</p>
</div>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>This fix computes a temperature each time it is invoked for use by the
Boltzmann criterion. To do this, the fix creates its own compute of
style <em>temp</em>, as if this command had been issued:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">compute</span> <span class="n">fix</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">ID_temp</span> <span class="nb">all</span> <span class="n">temp</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>See the <a class="reference internal" href="compute_temp.html"><span class="doc">compute temp</span></a> command for details. Note
that the ID of the new compute is the fix-ID with underscore + &#8220;temp&#8221;
appended and the group for the new compute is &#8220;all&#8221;, so that the
temperature of the entire system is used.</p>
<p>Note that this is NOT the compute used by thermodynamic output (see
the <a class="reference internal" href="thermo_style.html"><span class="doc">thermo_style</span></a> command) with ID = <em>thermo_temp</em>.
This means you can change the attributes of this fix&#8217;s temperature
(e.g. its degrees-of-freedom) via the
<a class="reference internal" href="compute_modify.html"><span class="doc">compute_modify</span></a> command or print this temperature
during thermodyanmic output via the <a class="reference internal" href="thermo_style.html"><span class="doc">thermo_style custom</span></a> command using the appropriate compute-ID.
It also means that changing attributes of <em>thermo_temp</em> will have no
effect on this fix.</p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p><strong>Restart, fix_modify, thermo output, run start/stop, minimize info:</strong></p>
<p>No information about this fix is written to <a class="reference internal" href="restart.html"><span class="doc">binary restart files</span></a>. Because the state of the random number generator
is not saved in restart files, this means you cannot do &#8220;exact&#8221;
restarts with this fix, where the simulation continues on the same as
if no restart had taken place. However, in a statistical sense, a
restarted simulation should produce the same behavior. Also note that
each processor generates possible swaps independently of other
processors. Thus if you repeat the same simulation on a different number
of processors, the specific swaps performed will be different.</p>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="fix_modify.html"><span class="doc">fix_modify</span></a> <em>temp</em> option is supported by this
fix. You can use it to assign a <a class="reference internal" href="compute.html"><span class="doc">compute</span></a> you have
defined to this fix which will be used to compute the temperature for
the Boltzmann criterion.</p>
<p>This fix computes two statistical quantities as a global 2-vector of
output, which can be accessed by various <a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#howto-15"><span class="std std-ref">output commands</span></a>. The first component of the
vector is the cummulative number of swaps performed by all processors.
The second component of the vector is the cummulative number of swaps
attempted (whether accepted or rejected). Note that a swap &#8220;attempt&#8221;
only occurs when swap partners meeting the criteria described above
are found on a particular timestep. The vector values calculated by
this fix are &#8220;intensive&#8221;.</p>
<p>No parameter of this fix can be used with the <em>start/stop</em> keywords of
the <a class="reference internal" href="run.html"><span class="doc">run</span></a> command. This fix is not invoked during <a class="reference internal" href="minimize.html"><span class="doc">energy minimization</span></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="restrictions">
<h2>Restrictions</h2>
<p>This fix is part of the MC package. It is only enabled if LAMMPS was
built with that package. See the <a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#start-3"><span class="std std-ref">Making LAMMPS</span></a> section for more info.</p>
<p>The setings of the &#8220;special_bond&#8221; command must be 0,1,1 in order to
use this fix, which is typical of bead-spring chains with FENE or
harmonic bonds. This means that pairwise interactions between bonded
atoms are turned off, but are turned on between atoms two or three
hops away along the chain backbone.</p>
<p>Currently, energy changes in dihedral and improper interactions due to
a bond swap are not considered. Thus a simulation that uses this fix
cannot use a dihedral or improper potential.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="related-commands">
<h2>Related commands</h2>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="fix_atom_swap.html"><span class="doc">fix atom/swap</span></a></p>
<p><strong>Default:</strong> none</p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p id="sides"><strong>(Sides)</strong> Sides, Grest, Stevens, Plimpton, J Polymer Science B, 42,
199-208 (2004).</p>
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