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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="improper_class2.html">improper_style class2 command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="improper_class2.html#improper-style-class2-omp-command">improper_style class2/omp command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="improper_cossq.html">improper_style cossq command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="improper_cossq.html#improper-style-cossq-omp-command">improper_style cossq/omp command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="improper_cvff.html">improper_style cvff command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="improper_cvff.html#improper-style-cvff-intel-command">improper_style cvff/intel command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="improper_cvff.html#improper-style-cvff-omp-command">improper_style cvff/omp command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="improper_distance.html">improper_style distance command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="improper_fourier.html">improper_style fourier command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="improper_fourier.html#improper-style-fourier-omp-command">improper_style fourier/omp command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">improper_style harmonic command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#improper-style-harmonic-kk-command">improper_style harmonic/kk command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#improper-style-harmonic-omp-command">improper_style harmonic/omp command</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#syntax">Syntax</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="improper_ring.html">improper_style ring command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="improper_ring.html#improper-style-ring-omp-command">improper_style ring/omp command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="improper_umbrella.html">improper_style umbrella command</a></li>
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<div class="section" id="improper-style-harmonic-command">
<span id="index-0"></span><h1>improper_style harmonic command</h1>
</div>
<div class="section" id="improper-style-harmonic-intel-command">
<h1>improper_style harmonic/intel command</h1>
</div>
<div class="section" id="improper-style-harmonic-kk-command">
<h1>improper_style harmonic/kk command</h1>
</div>
<div class="section" id="improper-style-harmonic-omp-command">
<h1>improper_style harmonic/omp command</h1>
<div class="section" id="syntax">
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="literal-block">
improper_style harmonic
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="examples">
<h2>Examples</h2>
<pre class="literal-block">
improper_style harmonic
improper_coeff 1 100.0 0
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="description">
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>The <em>harmonic</em> improper style uses the potential</p>
<img alt="_images/improper_harmonic.jpg" class="align-center" src="_images/improper_harmonic.jpg" />
<p>where X is the improper angle, X0 is its equilibrium value, and K is a
prefactor. Note that the usual 1/2 factor is included in K.</p>
<p>If the 4 atoms in an improper quadruplet (listed in the data file read
by the <a class="reference internal" href="read_data.html"><span class="doc">read_data</span></a> command) are ordered I,J,K,L then X
is the angle between the plane of I,J,K and the plane of J,K,L.
Alternatively, you can think of atoms J,K,L as being in a plane, and
atom I above the plane, and X as a measure of how far out-of-plane I
is with respect to the other 3 atoms.</p>
<p>Note that defining 4 atoms to interact in this way, does not mean that
bonds necessarily exist between I-J, J-K, or K-L, as they would in a
linear dihedral. Normally, the bonds I-J, I-K, I-L would exist for an
improper to be defined between the 4 atoms.</p>
<p>The following coefficients must be defined for each improper type via
the <a class="reference internal" href="improper_coeff.html"><span class="doc">improper_coeff</span></a> command as in the example
above, or in the data file or restart files read by the
<a class="reference internal" href="read_data.html"><span class="doc">read_data</span></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="read_restart.html"><span class="doc">read_restart</span></a>
commands:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>K (energy/radian^2)</li>
<li>X0 (degrees)</li>
</ul>
<p>X0 is specified in degrees, but LAMMPS converts it to radians
internally; hence the units of K are in energy/radian^2.</p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>Styles with a <em>gpu</em>, <em>intel</em>, <em>kk</em>, <em>omp</em>, or <em>opt</em> suffix are
functionally the same as the corresponding style without the suffix.
They have been optimized to run faster, depending on your available
hardware, as discussed in <a class="reference internal" href="Section_accelerate.html"><span class="doc">Section 5</span></a>
of the manual. The accelerated styles take the same arguments and
should produce the same results, except for round-off and precision
issues.</p>
<p>These accelerated styles are part of the GPU, USER-INTEL, KOKKOS,
USER-OMP and OPT packages, respectively. They are only enabled if
LAMMPS was built with those packages. See the <a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#start-3"><span class="std std-ref">Making LAMMPS</span></a> section for more info.</p>
<p>You can specify the accelerated styles explicitly in your input script
by including their suffix, or you can use the <a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#start-7"><span class="std std-ref">-suffix command-line switch</span></a> when you invoke LAMMPS, or you can
use the <a class="reference internal" href="suffix.html"><span class="doc">suffix</span></a> command in your input script.</p>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="Section_accelerate.html"><span class="doc">Section 5</span></a> of the manual for
more instructions on how to use the accelerated styles effectively.</p>
</div>
<hr class="docutils" />
<div class="section" id="restrictions">
<h2>Restrictions</h2>
<p>This improper style can only be used if LAMMPS was built with the
MOLECULE package (which it is by default). See the <a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#start-3"><span class="std std-ref">Making LAMMPS</span></a> section for more info on packages.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="related-commands">
<h2>Related commands</h2>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="improper_coeff.html"><span class="doc">improper_coeff</span></a></p>
<p><strong>Default:</strong> none</p>
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