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<CENTER><A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov">LAMMPS WWW Site</A> - <A HREF = "Manual.html">LAMMPS Documentation</A> - <A HREF = "Section_commands.html#comm">LAMMPS Commands</A>
</CENTER>
<HR>
<H3>pair_style born command
</H3>
<H3>pair_style born/coul/long command
</H3>
<H3>pair_style born/coul/long/cuda command
</H3>
<P><B>Syntax:</B>
</P>
<PRE>pair_style style args
</PRE>
<UL><LI>style = <I>born</I> or <I>born/coul/long</I>
<LI>args = list of arguments for a particular style
</UL>
<PRE> <I>born</I> args = cutoff
cutoff = global cutoff for non-Coulombic interactions (distance units)
<I>born/coul/long</I> args = cutoff (cutoff2)
cutoff = global cutoff for non-Coulombic (and Coulombic if only 1 arg) (distance units)
cutoff2 = global cutoff for Coulombic (optional) (distance units)
</PRE>
<P><B>Examples:</B>
</P>
<PRE>pair_style born 10.0
pair_coeff * * 6.08 0.317 2.340 24.18 11.51
pair_coeff 1 1 6.08 0.317 2.340 24.18 11.51
</PRE>
<PRE>pair_style born/coul/long 10.0
pair_style born/coul/long 10.0 8.0
pair_coeff * * 6.08 0.317 2.340 24.18 11.51
pair_coeff 1 1 6.08 0.317 2.340 24.18 11.51
</PRE>
<P><B>Description:</B>
</P>
<P>The <I>born</I> style computes the Born-Mayer-Huggins or Tosi/Fumi
potential described in <A HREF = "#FumiTosi">(Fumi and Tosi)</A>, given by
</P>
<CENTER><IMG SRC = "Eqs/pair_born.jpg">
</CENTER>
<P>where sigma is an interaction-dependent length parameter, rho is an
ionic-pair dependent length parameter, and Rc is the cutoff.
</P>
<P>The <I>born/coul/long</I> style adds a Coulombic term as described for the
<A HREF = "pair_lj.html">lj/cut</A> pair styles. An additional damping factor is
applied to the Coulombic term so it can be used in conjunction with
the <A HREF = "kspace_style.html">kspace_style</A> command and its <I>ewald</I> or <I>pppm</I>
option. The Coulombic cutoff specified for this style means that
pairwise interactions within this distance are computed directly;
interactions outside that distance are computed in reciprocal space.
</P>
<P>If one cutoff is specified for the <I>born/coulk/long</I> style, it is used
for both the A,C,D and Coulombic terms. If two cutoffs are specified,
the first is used as the cutoff for the A,C,D terms, and the second is
the cutoff for the Coulombic term.
</P>
<P>Note that these potentials are related to the <A HREF = "pair_born.html">Buckingham
potential</A>.
</P>
<P>The following coefficients must be defined for each pair of atoms
types via the <A HREF = "pair_coeff.html">pair_coeff</A> command as in the examples
above, or in the data file or restart files read by the
<A HREF = "read_data.html">read_data</A> or <A HREF = "read_restart.html">read_restart</A>
commands, or by mixing as described below:
</P>
<UL><LI>A (energy units)
<LI>rho (distance units)
<LI>sigma (distance units)
<LI>C (energy units * distance units^6)
<LI>D (energy units * distance units^8)
<LI>cutoff (distance units)
</UL>
<P>The second coefficient, rho, must be greater than zero.
</P>
<P>The last coefficient is optional. If not specified, the global A,C,D
cutoff specified in the pair_style command is used.
</P>
<P>For <I>buck/coul/long</I> no Coulombic cutoff can be specified for an
individual I,J type pair. All type pairs use the same global
Coulombic cutoff specified in the pair_style command.
</P>
<HR>
<P>Styles with a <I>cuda</I>, <I>gpu</I>, or <I>opt</I> suffix are functionally the same
as the corresponding style without the suffix. They have been
optimized to run faster, depending on your available hardware, as
discussed in <A HREF = "Section_accelerate.html">this section</A> of the manual.
The accelerated styles take the same arguments and should produce the
same results, except for round-off and precision issues.
</P>
<P>These accelerated styles are part of the "user-cuda", "gpu", and "opt"
packages respectively. They are only enabled if LAMMPS was built with
those packages. See the <A HREF = "Section_start.html#2_3">Making LAMMPS</A>
section for more info.
</P>
<P>You can specify the accelerated styles explicitly in your input script
by including their suffix, or you can use the <A HREF = "Section_start.html#2_6">-suffix command-line
switch</A> when you invoke LAMMPS, or you can use
the <A HREF = "suffix.html">suffix</A> command in your input script.
</P>
<P>See <A HREF = "Section_accelerate.html">this section</A> of the manual for more
instructions on how to use the accelerated styles effectively.
</P>
<HR>
<P><B>Mixing, shift, table, tail correction, restart, rRESPA info</B>:
</P>
<P>These pair styles do not support mixing. Thus, coefficients for all
I,J pairs must be specified explicitly.
</P>
<P>These styles support the <A HREF = "pair_modify.html">pair_modify</A> shift option
for the energy of the exp(), 1/r^6, and 1/r^8 portion of the pair
interaction.
</P>
<P>The <I>born/coul/long</I> pair style does not support the
<A HREF = "pair_modify.html">pair_modify</A> table option since a tabulation
capability has not yet been added to this potential.
</P>
<P>These styles support the pair_modify tail option for adding long-range
tail corrections to energy and pressure.
</P>
<P>Thess styles writes thei information to binary <A HREF = "restart.html">restart</A>
files, so pair_style and pair_coeff commands do not need to be
specified in an input script that reads a restart file.
</P>
<P>These styles can only be used via the <I>pair</I> keyword of the <A HREF = "run_style.html">run_style
respa</A> command. They do not support the <I>inner</I>,
<I>middle</I>, <I>outer</I> keywords.
</P>
<HR>
<P><B>Restrictions:</B>
</P>
<P>The <I>born/coul/long</I> style is part of the "kspace" package. It is
only enabled if LAMMPS was built with that package (which it is by
default). See the <A HREF = "Section_start.html#2_3">Making LAMMPS</A> section for
more info.
</P>
<P><B>Related commands:</B>
</P>
<P><A HREF = "pair_coeff.html">pair_coeff</A>, <A HREF = "pair_buck.html">pair_style buck</A>
</P>
<P><B>Default:</B> none
</P>
<HR>
<A NAME = "FumiTosi"></A>
<P>Fumi and Tosi, J Phys Chem Solids, 25, 31 (1964),
Fumi and Tosi, J Phys Chem Solids, 25, 45 (1964).
</P>
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