<p>Define a computation that calculates the mean-squared displacement
(MSD) for multiple chunks of atoms.</p>
<p>In LAMMPS, chunks are collections of atoms defined by a <a class="reference internal" href="compute_chunk_atom.html"><span class="doc">compute chunk/atom</span></a> command, which assigns each atom
to a single chunk (or no chunk). The ID for this command is specified
as chunkID. For example, a single chunk could be the atoms in a
molecule or atoms in a spatial bin. See the <a class="reference internal" href="compute_chunk_atom.html"><span class="doc">compute chunk/atom</span></a> doc page and <a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#howto-23"><span class="std std-ref">Section 6.23</span></a> for details of how chunks can be
defined and examples of how they can be used to measure properties of
a system.</p>
<p>Four quantites are calculated by this compute for each chunk. The
first 3 quantities are the squared dx,dy,dz displacements of the
center-of-mass. The 4th component is the total squared displacement,
i.e. (dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz) of the center-of-mass. These
calculations include all effects due to atoms passing thru periodic
boundaries.</p>
<p>Note that only atoms in the specified group contribute to the
calculation. The <a class="reference internal" href="compute_chunk_atom.html"><span class="doc">compute chunk/atom</span></a> command
defines its own group; atoms will have a chunk ID = 0 if they are not
in that group, signifying they are not assigned to a chunk, and will
thus also not contribute to this calculation. You can specify the
“all” group for this command if you simply want to include atoms with
non-zero chunk IDs.</p>
<p>The slope of the mean-squared displacement (MSD) versus time is
proportional to the diffusion coefficient of the diffusing chunks.</p>
<p>The displacement of the center-of-mass of the chunk is from its
original center-of-mass position, calculated on the timestep this
compute command was first invoked.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The number of chunks <em>Nchunk</em> calculated by the <a class="reference internal" href="compute_chunk_atom.html"><span class="doc">compute chunk/atom</span></a> command must remain constant each
time this compute is invoked, so that the displacement for each chunk
from its original position can be computed consistently. If <em>Nchunk</em>
does not remain constant, an error will be generated. If needed, you
can enforce a constant <em>Nchunk</em> by using the <em>nchunk once</em> or <em>ids
once</em> options when specifying the <a class="reference internal" href="compute_chunk_atom.html"><span class="doc">compute chunk/atom</span></a> command.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This compute stores the original position (of the
center-of-mass) of each chunk. When a displacement is calculated on a
later timestep, it is assumed that the same atoms are assigned to the
same chunk ID. However LAMMPS has no simple way to insure this is the
case, though you can use the <em>ids once</em> option when specifying the
<a class="reference internal" href="compute_chunk_atom.html"><span class="doc">compute chunk/atom</span></a> command. Note that if
this is not the case, the MSD calculation does not have a sensible
meaning.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The initial coordinates of the atoms in each chunk are stored in
“unwrapped” form, by using the image flags associated with each atom.
See the <a class="reference internal" href="dump.html"><span class="doc">dump custom</span></a> command for a discussion of
“unwrapped” coordinates. See the Atoms section of the
<a class="reference internal" href="read_data.html"><span class="doc">read_data</span></a> command for a discussion of image flags and
how they are set for each atom. You can reset the image flags
(e.g. to 0) before invoking this compute by using the <a class="reference internal" href="set.html"><span class="doc">set image</span></a> command.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">If you want the quantities calculated by this compute to be
continuous when running from a <a class="reference internal" href="read_restart.html"><span class="doc">restart file</span></a>, then
you should use the same ID for this compute, as in the original run.
This is so that the fix this compute creates to store per-chunk
quantities will also have the same ID, and thus be initialized
correctly with chunk reference positions from the restart file.</p>
</div>
<p>The simplest way to output the results of the compute com/msd
calculation to a file is to use the <a class="reference internal" href="fix_ave_time.html"><span class="doc">fix ave/time</span></a>
<p>This compute calculates a global array where the number of rows = the
number of chunks <em>Nchunk</em> as calculated by the specified <a class="reference internal" href="compute_chunk_atom.html"><span class="doc">compute chunk/atom</span></a> command. The number of columns =
4 for dx,dy,dz and the total displacement. These values can be
accessed by any command that uses global array values from a compute
as input. See <a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#howto-15"><span class="std std-ref">this section</span></a> for an
overview of LAMMPS output options.</p>
<p>The array values are “intensive”. The array values will be in
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