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<div class="section" id="pair-style-dpd-fdt-command">
<span id="index-0"></span><h1>pair_style dpd/fdt command</h1>
</div>
<div class="section" id="pair-style-dpd-fdt-energy-command">
<h1>pair_style dpd/fdt/energy command</h1>
<div class="section" id="syntax">
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="literal-block">
pair_style style args
</pre>
<ul class="simple">
<li>style = <em>dpd/fdt</em> or <em>dpd/fdt/energy</em></li>
<li>args = list of arguments for a particular style</li>
</ul>
<pre class="literal-block">
<em>dpd/fdt</em> args = T cutoff seed
T = temperature (temperature units)
cutoff = global cutoff for DPD interactions (distance units)
seed = random # seed (positive integer)
<em>dpd/fdt/energy</em> args = cutoff seed
cutoff = global cutoff for DPD interactions (distance units)
seed = random # seed (positive integer)
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="examples">
<h2>Examples</h2>
<pre class="literal-block">
pair_style dpd/fdt 300.0 2.5 34387
pair_coeff * * 3.0 1.0 2.5
</pre>
<pre class="literal-block">
pair_style dpd/fdt/energy 2.5 34387
pair_coeff * * 3.0 1.0 0.1 2.5
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="description">
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>Styles <em>dpd/fdt</em> and <em>dpd/fdt/energy</em> set the fluctuation-dissipation
theorem parameters and compute the conservative force for dissipative
particle dynamics (DPD). The conservative force on atom I due to atom
J is given by</p>
<img alt="_images/pair_dpd_conservative.jpg" class="align-center" src="_images/pair_dpd_conservative.jpg" />
<p>where the weighting factor, omega_ij, varies between 0 and 1, and is
chosen to have the following functional form:</p>
<img alt="_images/pair_dpd_omega.jpg" class="align-center" src="_images/pair_dpd_omega.jpg" />
<p>where Rij is a unit vector in the direction Ri - Rj, and Rc is the
cutoff. Note that alternative definitions of the weighting function
exist, but would have to be implemented as a separate pair style
command.</p>
<p>These pair style differ from the other dpd styles in that the
dissipative and random forces are not computed within the pair style.
This style can be combined with the <a class="reference internal" href="fix_shardlow.html"><span class="doc">fix shardlow</span></a>
to perform the stochastic integration of the dissipative and random
forces through the Shardlow splitting algorithm approach.</p>
<p>The pairwise energy associated with styles <em>dpd/fdt</em> and
<em>dpd/fdt/energy</em> is only due to the conservative force term Fc, and is
shifted to be zero at the cutoff distance Rc. The pairwise virial is
calculated using only the conservative term.</p>
<p>For style <em>dpd/fdt</em>, the fluctuation-dissipation theorem defines gamma
to be set equal to sigma*sigma/(2 T), where T is the set point
temperature specified as a pair style parameter in the above examples.
This style can be combined with <a class="reference internal" href="fix_shardlow.html"><span class="doc">fix shardlow</span></a> to
perform DPD simulations under isothermal and isobaric conditions (see
<a class="reference internal" href="#lisal"><span class="std std-ref">(Lisal)</span></a>). The following coefficients must be defined for
each pair of atoms types via the <a class="reference internal" href="pair_coeff.html"><span class="doc">pair_coeff</span></a> command
as in the examples above, or in the data file or restart files read by
the <a class="reference internal" href="read_data.html"><span class="doc">read_data</span></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="read_restart.html"><span class="doc">read_restart</span></a>
commands:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>A (force units)</li>
<li>sigma (force*time^(1/2) units)</li>
<li>cutoff (distance units)</li>
</ul>
<p>The last coefficient is optional. If not specified, the global DPD
cutoff is used.</p>
<p>For style <em>dpd/fdt/energy</em>, the fluctuation-dissipation theorem
defines gamma to be set equal to sigma*sigma/(2 dpdTheta), where
dpdTheta is the average internal temperature for the pair.
Furthermore, the fluctuation-dissipation defines alpha*alpha to be set
equal to 2*kB*kappa, where kappa is the mesoparticle thermal
conductivity parameter. This style can be combined with <a class="reference internal" href="fix_shardlow.html"><span class="doc">fix shardlow</span></a> to perform DPD simulations under
isoenergetic and isoenthalpic conditions (see <a class="reference internal" href="#lisal"><span class="std std-ref">(Lisal)</span></a>). The
following coefficients must be defined for each pair of atoms types
via the <a class="reference internal" href="pair_coeff.html"><span class="doc">pair_coeff</span></a> command as in the examples above,
or in the data file or restart files read by the
<a class="reference internal" href="read_data.html"><span class="doc">read_data</span></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="read_restart.html"><span class="doc">read_restart</span></a>
commands:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>A (force units)</li>
<li>sigma (force*time^(1/2) units)</li>
<li>kappa (1/time units)</li>
<li>cutoff (distance units)</li>
</ul>
<p>The last coefficient is optional. If not specified, the global DPD
cutoff is used.</p>
<p>For style <em>dpd/fdt/energy</em>, the particle internal temperature is
related to the particle internal energy through a mesoparticle
equation of state. Thus, an an additional <a class="reference internal" href="fix.html"><span class="doc">fix eos</span></a> must be
specified.</p>
</div>
<hr class="docutils" />
<div class="section" id="restrictions">
<h2>Restrictions</h2>
<p>These commands are part of the USER-DPD package. They are only
enabled if LAMMPS was built with that package. See the <a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#start-3"><span class="std std-ref">Making LAMMPS</span></a> section for more info.</p>
<p>Pair styles <em>dpd/fdt</em> and <em>dpd/fdt/energy</em> require use of the
<a class="reference internal" href="comm_modify.html"><span class="doc">comm_modify vel yes</span></a> option so that velocites are
stored by ghost atoms.</p>
<p>Pair style <em>dpd/fdt/energy</em> requires <a class="reference internal" href="atom_style.html"><span class="doc">atom_style dpd</span></a>
to be used in order to properly account for the particle internal
energies and temperatures.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="related-commands">
<h2>Related commands</h2>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coeff.html"><span class="doc">pair_coeff</span></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="fix_shardlow.html"><span class="doc">fix shardlow</span></a></p>
<p><strong>Default:</strong> none</p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p id="lisal"><strong>(Lisal)</strong> M. Lisal, J.K. Brennan, J. Bonet Avalos, &#8220;Dissipative
particle dynamics as isothermal, isobaric, isoenergetic, and
isoenthalpic conditions using Shardlow-like splitting algorithms.&#8221;,
J. Chem. Phys., 135, 204105 (2011).</p>
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