colvarmodule.cpp
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Created: Sat, May 11, 20:38

colvarmodule.cpp
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	// -- c++ --

	// This file is part of the Collective Variables module (Colvars).
	// The original version of Colvars and its updates are located at:
	// https://github.com/colvars/colvars
	// Please update all Colvars source files before making any changes.
	// If you wish to distribute your changes, please submit them to the
	// Colvars repository at GitHub.

	#include <sstream>
	#include <string.h>

	#include "colvarmodule.h"
	#include "colvarparse.h"
	#include "colvarproxy.h"
	#include "colvar.h"
	#include "colvarbias.h"
	#include "colvarbias_abf.h"
	#include "colvarbias_alb.h"
	#include "colvarbias_histogram.h"
	#include "colvarbias_meta.h"
	#include "colvarbias_restraint.h"
	#include "colvarscript.h"
	#include "colvaratoms.h"


	colvarmodule::colvarmodule(colvarproxy *proxy_in)
	{
	depth_s = 0;
	cv_traj_os = NULL;

	// pointer to the proxy object
	if (proxy == NULL) {
	proxy = proxy_in;
	parse = new colvarparse();
	} else {
	// TODO relax this error to handle multiple molecules in VMD
	// once the module is not static anymore
	cvm::error("Error: trying to allocate the collective "
	"variable module twice.\n", BUG_ERROR);
	return;
	}

	cvm::log(cvm::line_marker);
	cvm::log("Initializing the collective variables module, version "+
	cvm::to_str(COLVARS_VERSION)+".\n");
	cvm::log("Please cite Fiorin et al, Mol Phys 2013:\n "
	"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2013.813594\n"
	"in any publication based on this calculation.\n");

	if (proxy->smp_enabled() == COLVARS_OK) {
	cvm::log("SMP parallelism is available.\n");
	}

	// set initial default values

	// "it_restart" will be set by the input state file, if any;
	// "it" should be updated by the proxy
	colvarmodule::it = colvarmodule::it_restart = 0;
	colvarmodule::it_restart_from_state_file = true;

	colvarmodule::use_scripted_forces = false;

	colvarmodule::b_analysis = false;

	colvarmodule::debug_gradients_step_size = 1.0e-07;

	colvarmodule::rotation::monitor_crossings = false;
	colvarmodule::rotation::crossing_threshold = 1.0e-02;

	colvarmodule::cv_traj_freq = 100;
	colvarmodule::restart_out_freq = proxy->restart_frequency();

	// by default overwrite the existing trajectory file
	colvarmodule::cv_traj_append = false;
	}


	colvarmodule * colvarmodule::main()
	{
	return proxy->colvars;
	}


	std::vector<colvar > colvarmodule::variables()
	{
	return &colvars;
	}


	std::vector<colvar > colvarmodule::variables_active()
	{
	return &colvars_active;
	}


	std::vector<colvar > colvarmodule::variables_active_smp()
	{
	return &colvars_smp;
	}


	std::vector<int> *colvarmodule::variables_active_smp_items()
	{
	return &colvars_smp_items;
	}


	std::vector<colvarbias > colvarmodule::biases_active()
	{
	return &(biases_active_);
	}


	size_t colvarmodule::size() const
	{
	return colvars.size() + biases.size();
	}


	int colvarmodule::read_config_file(char const *config_filename)
	{
	cvm::log(cvm::line_marker);
	cvm::log("Reading new configuration from file \""+
	std::string(config_filename)+"\":\n");

	// open the configfile
	config_s.open(config_filename);
	if (!config_s.is_open()) {
	cvm::error("Error: in opening configuration file \""+
	std::string(config_filename)+"\".\n",
	FILE_ERROR);
	return COLVARS_ERROR;
	}

	// read the config file into a string
	std::string conf = "";
	std::string line;
	while (colvarparse::getline_nocomments(config_s, line)) {
	// Delete lines that contain only white space after removing comments
	if (line.find_first_not_of(colvarparse::white_space) != std::string::npos)
	conf.append(line+"\n");
	}
	config_s.close();

	return parse_config(conf);
	}


	int colvarmodule::read_config_string(std::string const &config_str)
	{
	cvm::log(cvm::line_marker);
	cvm::log("Reading new configuration:\n");
	std::istringstream config_s(config_str);

	// strip the comments away
	std::string conf = "";
	std::string line;
	while (colvarparse::getline_nocomments(config_s, line)) {
	// Delete lines that contain only white space after removing comments
	if (line.find_first_not_of(colvarparse::white_space) != std::string::npos)
	conf.append(line+"\n");
	}
	return parse_config(conf);
	}


	std::istream & colvarmodule::getline(std::istream &is, std::string &line)
	{
	std::string l;
	if (std::getline(is, l)) {
	size_t const sz = l.size();
	if (sz > 0) {
	if (l[sz-1] == '\r' ) {
	line = l.substr(0, sz-1);
	} else {
	line = l;
	}
	} else {
	line.clear();
	}
	}
	return is;
	}


	int colvarmodule::parse_config(std::string &conf)
	{
	extra_conf.clear();

	// parse global options
	if (catch_input_errors(parse_global_params(conf))) {
	return get_error();
	}

	// parse the options for collective variables
	if (catch_input_errors(parse_colvars(conf))) {
	return get_error();
	}

	// parse the options for biases
	if (catch_input_errors(parse_biases(conf))) {
	return get_error();
	}

	// done parsing known keywords, check that all keywords found were valid ones
	if (catch_input_errors(parse->check_keywords(conf, "colvarmodule"))) {
	return get_error();
	}

	if (extra_conf.size()) {
	catch_input_errors(parse_global_params(extra_conf));
	catch_input_errors(parse_colvars(extra_conf));
	catch_input_errors(parse_biases(extra_conf));
	parse->check_keywords(extra_conf, "colvarmodule");
	extra_conf.clear();
	if (get_error() != COLVARS_OK) return get_error();
	}

	cvm::log(cvm::line_marker);
	cvm::log("Collective variables module (re)initialized.\n");
	cvm::log(cvm::line_marker);

	// update any necessary proxy data
	proxy->setup();

	if (cv_traj_os != NULL) {
	// configuration might have changed, better redo the labels
	write_traj_label(*cv_traj_os);
	}

	return get_error();
	}


	int colvarmodule::append_new_config(std::string const &new_conf)
	{
	extra_conf += new_conf;
	return COLVARS_OK;
	}


	int colvarmodule::parse_global_params(std::string const &conf)
	{
	colvarmodule *cvm = cvm::main();

	std::string index_file_name;
	if (parse->get_keyval(conf, "indexFile", index_file_name)) {
	cvm->read_index_file(index_file_name.c_str());
	}

	if (parse->get_keyval(conf, "smp", proxy->b_smp_active, proxy->b_smp_active)) {
	if (proxy->b_smp_active == false) {
	cvm::log("SMP parallelism has been disabled.\n");
	}
	}

	parse->get_keyval(conf, "analysis", b_analysis, b_analysis);

	parse->get_keyval(conf, "debugGradientsStepSize", debug_gradients_step_size,
	debug_gradients_step_size,
	colvarparse::parse_silent);

	parse->get_keyval(conf, "monitorEigenvalueCrossing",
	colvarmodule::rotation::monitor_crossings,
	colvarmodule::rotation::monitor_crossings,
	colvarparse::parse_silent);
	parse->get_keyval(conf, "eigenvalueCrossingThreshold",
	colvarmodule::rotation::crossing_threshold,
	colvarmodule::rotation::crossing_threshold,
	colvarparse::parse_silent);

	parse->get_keyval(conf, "colvarsTrajFrequency", cv_traj_freq, cv_traj_freq);
	parse->get_keyval(conf, "colvarsRestartFrequency",
	restart_out_freq, restart_out_freq);

	// if this is true when initializing, it means
	// we are continuing after a reset(): default to true
	parse->get_keyval(conf, "colvarsTrajAppend", cv_traj_append, cv_traj_append);

	parse->get_keyval(conf, "scriptedColvarForces", use_scripted_forces, false);

	parse->get_keyval(conf, "scriptingAfterBiases", scripting_after_biases, true);

	if (use_scripted_forces && !proxy->force_script_defined) {
	cvm::error("User script for scripted colvar forces not found.", INPUT_ERROR);
	}

	return (cvm::get_error() ? COLVARS_ERROR : COLVARS_OK);
	}


	int colvarmodule::parse_colvars(std::string const &conf)
	{
	if (cvm::debug())
	cvm::log("Initializing the collective variables.\n");

	std::string colvar_conf = "";
	size_t pos = 0;
	while (parse->key_lookup(conf, "colvar", &colvar_conf, &pos)) {

	if (colvar_conf.size()) {
	cvm::log(cvm::line_marker);
	cvm::increase_depth();
	colvars.push_back(new colvar());
	if (((colvars.back())->init(colvar_conf) != COLVARS_OK) \|\|
	((colvars.back())->check_keywords(colvar_conf, "colvar") != COLVARS_OK)) {
	cvm::log("Error while constructing colvar number " +
	cvm::to_str(colvars.size()) + " : deleting.");
	delete colvars.back(); // the colvar destructor updates the colvars array
	return COLVARS_ERROR;
	}
	cvm::decrease_depth();
	} else {
	cvm::error("Error: \"colvar\" keyword found without any configuration.\n", INPUT_ERROR);
	return COLVARS_ERROR;
	}
	cvm::decrease_depth();
	colvar_conf = "";
	}

	if (!colvars.size()) {
	cvm::log("Warning: no collective variables defined.\n");
	}

	if (colvars.size())
	cvm::log(cvm::line_marker);
	cvm::log("Collective variables initialized, "+
	cvm::to_str(colvars.size())+
	" in total.\n");

	return (cvm::get_error() ? COLVARS_ERROR : COLVARS_OK);
	}


	bool colvarmodule::check_new_bias(std::string &conf, char const *key)
	{
	if (cvm::get_error() \|\|
	(biases.back()->check_keywords(conf, key) != COLVARS_OK)) {
	cvm::log("Error while constructing bias number " +
	cvm::to_str(biases.size()) + " : deleting.\n");
	delete biases.back(); // the bias destructor updates the biases array
	return true;
	}
	return false;
	}


	template <class bias_type>
	int colvarmodule::parse_biases_type(std::string const &conf,
	char const *keyword)
	{
	std::string bias_conf = "";
	size_t conf_saved_pos = 0;
	while (parse->key_lookup(conf, keyword, &bias_conf, &conf_saved_pos)) {
	if (bias_conf.size()) {
	cvm::log(cvm::line_marker);
	cvm::increase_depth();
	biases.push_back(new bias_type(keyword));
	biases.back()->init(bias_conf);
	if (cvm::check_new_bias(bias_conf, keyword) != COLVARS_OK) {
	return COLVARS_ERROR;
	}
	cvm::decrease_depth();
	} else {
	cvm::error("Error: keyword \""+std::string(keyword)+"\" found without configuration.\n",
	INPUT_ERROR);
	return COLVARS_ERROR;
	}
	bias_conf = "";
	}
	return COLVARS_OK;
	}


	int colvarmodule::parse_biases(std::string const &conf)
	{
	if (cvm::debug())
	cvm::log("Initializing the collective variables biases.\n");

	/// initialize ABF instances
	parse_biases_type<colvarbias_abf>(conf, "abf");

	/// initialize adaptive linear biases
	parse_biases_type<colvarbias_alb>(conf, "ALB");

	/// initialize harmonic restraints
	parse_biases_type<colvarbias_restraint_harmonic>(conf, "harmonic");

	/// initialize harmonic walls restraints
	parse_biases_type<colvarbias_restraint_harmonic_walls>(conf, "harmonicWalls");

	/// initialize histograms
	parse_biases_type<colvarbias_histogram>(conf, "histogram");

	/// initialize histogram restraints
	parse_biases_type<colvarbias_restraint_histogram>(conf, "histogramRestraint");

	/// initialize linear restraints
	parse_biases_type<colvarbias_restraint_linear>(conf, "linear");

	/// initialize metadynamics instances
	parse_biases_type<colvarbias_meta>(conf, "metadynamics");

	if (use_scripted_forces) {
	cvm::log(cvm::line_marker);
	cvm::increase_depth();
	cvm::log("User forces script will be run at each bias update.");
	cvm::decrease_depth();
	}

	size_t i;

	size_t n_hist_dep_biases = 0;
	std::vector<std::string> hist_dep_biases_names;
	for (i = 0; i < biases.size(); i++) {
	if (biases[i]->is_enabled(colvardeps::f_cvb_apply_force) &&
	biases[i]->is_enabled(colvardeps::f_cvb_history_dependent)) {
	n_hist_dep_biases++;
	hist_dep_biases_names.push_back(biases[i]->name);
	}
	}
	if (n_hist_dep_biases > 1) {
	cvm::log("WARNING: there are "+cvm::to_str(n_hist_dep_biases)+
	" history-dependent biases with non-zero force parameters:\n"+
	cvm::to_str(hist_dep_biases_names)+"\n"+
	"Please make sure that their forces do not counteract each other.\n");
	}

	if (biases.size() \|\| use_scripted_forces) {
	cvm::log(cvm::line_marker);
	cvm::log("Collective variables biases initialized, "+
	cvm::to_str(biases.size())+" in total.\n");
	} else {
	if (!use_scripted_forces) {
	cvm::log("No collective variables biases were defined.\n");
	}
	}

	return (cvm::get_error() ? COLVARS_ERROR : COLVARS_OK);
	}


	int colvarmodule::num_biases_feature(int feature_id)
	{
	colvarmodule *cv = cvm::main();
	size_t n = 0;
	for (std::vector<colvarbias *>::iterator bi = cv->biases.begin();
	bi != cv->biases.end();
	bi++) {
	if ((*bi)->is_enabled(feature_id)) {
	n++;
	}
	}
	return n;
	}


	int colvarmodule::num_biases_type(std::string const &type)
	{
	colvarmodule *cv = cvm::main();
	size_t n = 0;
	for (std::vector<colvarbias *>::iterator bi = cv->biases.begin();
	bi != cv->biases.end();
	bi++) {
	if ((*bi)->bias_type == type) {
	n++;
	}
	}
	return n;
	}


	int colvarmodule::catch_input_errors(int result)
	{
	if (result != COLVARS_OK \|\| get_error()) {
	set_error_bits(result);
	set_error_bits(INPUT_ERROR);
	parse->init();
	return get_error();
	}
	return COLVARS_OK;
	}


	colvarbias * colvarmodule::bias_by_name(std::string const &name)
	{
	colvarmodule *cv = cvm::main();
	for (std::vector<colvarbias *>::iterator bi = cv->biases.begin();
	bi != cv->biases.end();
	bi++) {
	if ((*bi)->name == name) {
	return (*bi);
	}
	}
	return NULL;
	}


	colvar *colvarmodule::colvar_by_name(std::string const &name)
	{
	colvarmodule *cv = cvm::main();
	for (std::vector<colvar *>::iterator cvi = cv->colvars.begin();
	cvi != cv->colvars.end();
	cvi++) {
	if ((*cvi)->name == name) {
	return (*cvi);
	}
	}
	return NULL;
	}


	cvm::atom_group *colvarmodule::atom_group_by_name(std::string const &name)
	{
	colvarmodule *cv = cvm::main();
	for (std::vector<cvm::atom_group *>::iterator agi = cv->named_atom_groups.begin();
	agi != cv->named_atom_groups.end();
	agi++) {
	if ((*agi)->name == name) {
	return (*agi);
	}
	}
	return NULL;
	}


	int colvarmodule::change_configuration(std::string const &bias_name,
	std::string const &conf)
	{
	// This is deprecated; supported strategy is to delete the bias
	// and parse the new config
	cvm::increase_depth();
	colvarbias *b;
	b = bias_by_name(bias_name);
	if (b == NULL) {
	cvm::error("Error: bias not found: " + bias_name);
	return COLVARS_ERROR;
	}
	b->change_configuration(conf);
	cvm::decrease_depth();
	return (cvm::get_error() ? COLVARS_ERROR : COLVARS_OK);
	}


	std::string colvarmodule::read_colvar(std::string const &name)
	{
	cvm::increase_depth();
	colvar *c;
	std::stringstream ss;
	c = colvar_by_name(name);
	if (c == NULL) {
	cvm::error("Error: colvar not found: " + name);
	return std::string();
	}
	ss << c->value();
	cvm::decrease_depth();
	return ss.str();
	}

	cvm::real colvarmodule::energy_difference(std::string const &bias_name,
	std::string const &conf)
	{
	cvm::increase_depth();
	colvarbias *b;
	cvm::real energy_diff = 0.;
	b = bias_by_name(bias_name);
	if (b == NULL) {
	cvm::error("Error: bias not found: " + bias_name);
	return 0.;
	}
	energy_diff = b->energy_difference(conf);
	cvm::decrease_depth();
	return energy_diff;
	}

	int colvarmodule::bias_current_bin(std::string const &bias_name)
	{
	cvm::increase_depth();
	int ret;
	colvarbias *b = bias_by_name(bias_name);

	if (b != NULL) {
	ret = b->current_bin();
	} else {
	cvm::error("Error: bias not found.\n");
	ret = COLVARS_ERROR;
	}

	cvm::decrease_depth();
	return ret;
	}

	int colvarmodule::bias_bin_num(std::string const &bias_name)
	{
	cvm::increase_depth();
	int ret;
	colvarbias *b = bias_by_name(bias_name);

	if (b != NULL) {
	ret = b->bin_num();
	} else {
	cvm::error("Error: bias not found.\n");
	ret = COLVARS_ERROR;
	}

	cvm::decrease_depth();
	return ret;
	}

	int colvarmodule::bias_bin_count(std::string const &bias_name, size_t bin_index)
	{
	cvm::increase_depth();
	int ret;
	colvarbias *b = bias_by_name(bias_name);

	if (b != NULL) {
	ret = b->bin_count(bin_index);
	} else {
	cvm::error("Error: bias not found.\n");
	ret = COLVARS_ERROR;
	}

	cvm::decrease_depth();
	return ret;
	}

	int colvarmodule::bias_share(std::string const &bias_name)
	{
	cvm::increase_depth();
	int ret;
	colvarbias *b = bias_by_name(bias_name);

	if (b != NULL) {
	b->replica_share();
	ret = COLVARS_OK;
	} else {
	cvm::error("Error: bias not found.\n");
	ret = COLVARS_ERROR;
	}

	cvm::decrease_depth();
	return ret;
	}


	int colvarmodule::calc()
	{
	int error_code = COLVARS_OK;

	if (cvm::debug()) {
	cvm::log(cvm::line_marker);
	cvm::log("Collective variables module, step no. "+
	cvm::to_str(cvm::step_absolute())+"\n");
	}

	error_code \|= calc_colvars();
	// set biasing forces to zero before biases are calculated and summed over
	for (std::vector<colvar *>::iterator cvi = colvars.begin();
	cvi != colvars.end(); cvi++) {
	(*cvi)->reset_bias_force();
	}
	error_code \|= calc_biases();
	error_code \|= update_colvar_forces();

	if (cvm::b_analysis) {
	error_code \|= analyze();
	}

	// write trajectory files, if needed
	if (cv_traj_freq && cv_traj_name.size()) {
	error_code \|= write_traj_files();
	}

	// write restart files, if needed
	if (restart_out_freq && restart_out_name.size()) {
	error_code \|= write_restart_files();
	}

	return error_code;
	}


	int colvarmodule::calc_colvars()
	{
	if (cvm::debug())
	cvm::log("Calculating collective variables.\n");
	// calculate collective variables and their gradients

	// First, we need to decide which biases are awake
	// so they can activate colvars as needed
	std::vector<colvarbias *>::iterator bi;
	for (bi = biases.begin(); bi != biases.end(); bi++) {
	int tsf = (*bi)->get_time_step_factor();
	if (tsf > 0 && (step_absolute() % tsf == 0)) {
	(*bi)->enable(colvardeps::f_cvb_awake);
	} else {
	(*bi)->disable(colvardeps::f_cvb_awake);
	}
	}

	int error_code = COLVARS_OK;
	std::vector<colvar *>::iterator cvi;

	// Determine which colvars are active at this iteration
	variables_active()->clear();
	variables_active()->reserve(variables()->size());
	for (cvi = variables()->begin(); cvi != variables()->end(); cvi++) {
	// Wake up or put to sleep variables
	int tsf = (*cvi)->get_time_step_factor();
	if (tsf > 0 && (step_absolute() % tsf == 0)) {
	(*cvi)->enable(colvardeps::f_cv_awake);
	} else {
	(*cvi)->disable(colvardeps::f_cv_awake);
	}

	if ((*cvi)->is_enabled()) {
	variables_active()->push_back(*cvi);
	}
	}

	// if SMP support is available, split up the work
	if (proxy->smp_enabled() == COLVARS_OK) {

	// first, calculate how much work (currently, how many active CVCs) each colvar has

	variables_active_smp()->clear();
	variables_active_smp_items()->clear();

	variables_active_smp()->reserve(variables_active()->size());
	variables_active_smp_items()->reserve(variables_active()->size());

	// set up a vector containing all components
	cvm::increase_depth();
	for (cvi = variables_active()->begin(); cvi != variables_active()->end(); cvi++) {

	error_code \|= (*cvi)->update_cvc_flags();

	size_t num_items = (*cvi)->num_active_cvcs();
	variables_active_smp()->reserve(variables_active_smp()->size() + num_items);
	variables_active_smp_items()->reserve(variables_active_smp_items()->size() + num_items);
	for (size_t icvc = 0; icvc < num_items; icvc++) {
	variables_active_smp()->push_back(*cvi);
	variables_active_smp_items()->push_back(icvc);
	}
	}
	cvm::decrease_depth();

	// calculate colvar components in parallel
	error_code \|= proxy->smp_colvars_loop();

	cvm::increase_depth();
	for (cvi = variables_active()->begin(); cvi != variables_active()->end(); cvi++) {
	error_code \|= (*cvi)->collect_cvc_data();
	}
	cvm::decrease_depth();

	} else {

	// calculate colvars one at a time
	cvm::increase_depth();
	for (cvi = variables_active()->begin(); cvi != variables_active()->end(); cvi++) {
	error_code \|= (*cvi)->calc();
	if (cvm::get_error()) {
	return COLVARS_ERROR;
	}
	}
	cvm::decrease_depth();
	}

	error_code \|= cvm::get_error();
	return error_code;
	}


	int colvarmodule::calc_biases()
	{
	// update the biases and communicate their forces to the collective
	// variables
	if (cvm::debug() && biases.size())
	cvm::log("Updating collective variable biases.\n");

	std::vector<colvarbias *>::iterator bi;
	int error_code = COLVARS_OK;

	// Total bias energy is reset before calling scripted biases
	total_bias_energy = 0.0;

	// update the list of active biases
	// which may have changed based on f_cvb_awake in calc_colvars()
	biases_active()->clear();
	biases_active()->reserve(biases.size());
	for (bi = biases.begin(); bi != biases.end(); bi++) {
	if ((*bi)->is_enabled()) {
	biases_active()->push_back(*bi);
	}
	}

	// if SMP support is available, split up the work
	if (proxy->smp_enabled() == COLVARS_OK) {

	if (use_scripted_forces && !scripting_after_biases) {
	// calculate biases and scripted forces in parallel
	error_code \|= proxy->smp_biases_script_loop();
	} else {
	// calculate biases in parallel
	error_code \|= proxy->smp_biases_loop();
	}

	} else {

	if (use_scripted_forces && !scripting_after_biases) {
	error_code \|= calc_scripted_forces();
	}

	cvm::increase_depth();
	for (bi = biases_active()->begin(); bi != biases_active()->end(); bi++) {
	error_code \|= (*bi)->update();
	if (cvm::get_error()) {
	return error_code;
	}
	}
	cvm::decrease_depth();
	}

	for (bi = biases_active()->begin(); bi != biases_active()->end(); bi++) {
	total_bias_energy += (*bi)->get_energy();
	}

	return (cvm::get_error() ? COLVARS_ERROR : COLVARS_OK);
	}


	int colvarmodule::update_colvar_forces()
	{
	int error_code = COLVARS_OK;

	std::vector<colvar *>::iterator cvi;
	std::vector<colvarbias *>::iterator bi;

	// sum the forces from all biases for each collective variable
	if (cvm::debug() && biases.size())
	cvm::log("Collecting forces from all biases.\n");
	cvm::increase_depth();
	for (bi = biases_active()->begin(); bi != biases_active()->end(); bi++) {
	(*bi)->communicate_forces();
	if (cvm::get_error()) {
	return COLVARS_ERROR;
	}
	}
	cvm::decrease_depth();

	if (use_scripted_forces && scripting_after_biases) {
	error_code \|= calc_scripted_forces();
	}

	// Now we have collected energies from both built-in and scripted biases
	if (cvm::debug())
	cvm::log("Adding total bias energy: " + cvm::to_str(total_bias_energy) + "\n");
	proxy->add_energy(total_bias_energy);

	cvm::real total_colvar_energy = 0.0;
	// sum up the forces for each colvar, including wall forces
	// and integrate any internal
	// equation of motion (extended system)
	if (cvm::debug())
	cvm::log("Updating the internal degrees of freedom "
	"of colvars (if they have any).\n");
	cvm::increase_depth();
	for (cvi = variables()->begin(); cvi != variables()->end(); cvi++) {
	// Inactive colvars will only reset their forces and return 0 energy
	total_colvar_energy += (*cvi)->update_forces_energy();
	if (cvm::get_error()) {
	return COLVARS_ERROR;
	}
	}
	cvm::decrease_depth();
	if (cvm::debug())
	cvm::log("Adding total colvar energy: " + cvm::to_str(total_colvar_energy) + "\n");
	proxy->add_energy(total_colvar_energy);

	// make collective variables communicate their forces to their
	// coupled degrees of freedom (i.e. atoms)
	if (cvm::debug())
	cvm::log("Communicating forces from the colvars to the atoms.\n");
	cvm::increase_depth();
	for (cvi = variables_active()->begin(); cvi != variables_active()->end(); cvi++) {
	if ((*cvi)->is_enabled(colvardeps::f_cv_gradient)) {
	(*cvi)->communicate_forces();
	if (cvm::get_error()) {
	return COLVARS_ERROR;
	}
	}
	}
	cvm::decrease_depth();

	return (cvm::get_error() ? COLVARS_ERROR : COLVARS_OK);
	}


	int colvarmodule::calc_scripted_forces()
	{
	// Run user force script, if provided,
	// potentially adding scripted forces to the colvars
	int res;
	res = proxy->run_force_callback();
	if (res == COLVARS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED) {
	cvm::error("Colvar forces scripts are not implemented.");
	return COLVARS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
	}
	if (res != COLVARS_OK) {
	cvm::error("Error running user colvar forces script");
	return COLVARS_ERROR;
	}
	return COLVARS_OK;
	}


	int colvarmodule::write_restart_files()
	{
	if ( (cvm::step_relative() > 0) &&
	((cvm::step_absolute() % restart_out_freq) == 0) ) {
	cvm::log("Writing the state file \""+
	restart_out_name+"\".\n");
	proxy->backup_file(restart_out_name);
	std::ostream *restart_out_os = proxy->output_stream(restart_out_name);
	if (!restart_out_os) return cvm::get_error();
	if (!write_restart(*restart_out_os)) {
	return cvm::error("Error: in writing restart file.\n", FILE_ERROR);
	}
	proxy->close_output_stream(restart_out_name);
	}

	return (cvm::get_error() ? COLVARS_ERROR : COLVARS_OK);
	}


	int colvarmodule::write_traj_files()
	{
	if (cv_traj_os == NULL) {
	open_traj_file(cv_traj_name);
	}

	// write labels in the traj file every 1000 lines and at first timestep
	if ((cvm::step_absolute() % (cv_traj_freq * 1000)) == 0 \|\| cvm::step_relative() == 0) {
	write_traj_label(*cv_traj_os);
	}

	if ((cvm::step_absolute() % cv_traj_freq) == 0) {
	write_traj(*cv_traj_os);
	}

	if (restart_out_freq && (cv_traj_os != NULL)) {
	// flush the trajectory file if we are at the restart frequency
	if ( (cvm::step_relative() > 0) &&
	((cvm::step_absolute() % restart_out_freq) == 0) ) {
	cvm::log("Synchronizing (emptying the buffer of) trajectory file \""+
	cv_traj_name+"\".\n");
	proxy->flush_output_stream(cv_traj_os);
	}
	}

	return (cvm::get_error() ? COLVARS_ERROR : COLVARS_OK);
	}


	int colvarmodule::analyze()
	{
	if (cvm::debug()) {
	cvm::log("colvarmodule::analyze(), step = "+cvm::to_str(it)+".\n");
	}

	if (cvm::step_relative() == 0)
	cvm::log("Performing analysis.\n");

	// perform colvar-specific analysis
	for (std::vector<colvar *>::iterator cvi = variables_active()->begin();
	cvi != variables_active()->end();
	cvi++) {
	cvm::increase_depth();
	(*cvi)->analyze();
	cvm::decrease_depth();
	}

	// perform bias-specific analysis
	for (std::vector<colvarbias *>::iterator bi = biases.begin();
	bi != biases.end();
	bi++) {
	cvm::increase_depth();
	(*bi)->analyze();
	cvm::decrease_depth();
	}

	return (cvm::get_error() ? COLVARS_ERROR : COLVARS_OK);
	}


	int colvarmodule::setup()
	{
	if (this->size() == 0) return cvm::get_error();
	// loop over all components of all colvars to reset masses of all groups
	for (std::vector<colvar *>::iterator cvi = variables()->begin();
	cvi != variables()->end(); cvi++) {
	(*cvi)->setup();
	}
	return (cvm::get_error() ? COLVARS_ERROR : COLVARS_OK);
	}


	colvarmodule::~colvarmodule()
	{
	if ((proxy->smp_thread_id() == COLVARS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED) \|\|
	(proxy->smp_thread_id() == 0)) {
	reset();
	delete parse;
	parse = NULL;
	proxy = NULL;
	}
	}


	int colvarmodule::reset()
	{
	parse->init();

	cvm::log("Resetting the Collective Variables Module.\n");

	// Iterate backwards because we are deleting the elements as we go
	for (std::vector<colvarbias *>::reverse_iterator bi = biases.rbegin();
	bi != biases.rend();
	bi++) {
	delete *bi; // the bias destructor updates the biases array
	}
	biases.clear();

	// Iterate backwards because we are deleting the elements as we go
	for (std::vector<colvar *>::reverse_iterator cvi = colvars.rbegin();
	cvi != colvars.rend();
	cvi++) {
	delete *cvi; // the colvar destructor updates the colvars array
	}
	colvars.clear();

	index_groups.clear();
	index_group_names.clear();

	proxy->reset();

	if (cv_traj_os != NULL) {
	// Do not close file here, as we might not be done with it yet.
	proxy->flush_output_stream(cv_traj_os);
	}

	return (cvm::get_error() ? COLVARS_ERROR : COLVARS_OK);
	}


	int colvarmodule::setup_input()
	{
	if (this->size() == 0) return cvm::get_error();

	std::string restart_in_name("");

	// read the restart configuration, if available
	if (proxy->input_prefix().size()) {
	// read the restart file
	restart_in_name = proxy->input_prefix();
	std::ifstream input_is(restart_in_name.c_str());
	if (!input_is.good()) {
	// try by adding the suffix
	input_is.clear();
	restart_in_name = restart_in_name+std::string(".colvars.state");
	input_is.open(restart_in_name.c_str());
	}

	if (!input_is.good()) {
	cvm::error("Error: in opening input file \""+
	std::string(restart_in_name)+"\".\n",
	FILE_ERROR);
	return COLVARS_ERROR;
	} else {
	cvm::log(cvm::line_marker);
	cvm::log("Restarting from file \""+restart_in_name+"\".\n");
	read_restart(input_is);
	if (cvm::get_error() != COLVARS_OK) {
	return COLVARS_ERROR;
	} else {
	proxy->input_prefix().clear();
	}
	cvm::log(cvm::line_marker);
	}
	}

	return (cvm::get_error() ? COLVARS_ERROR : COLVARS_OK);
	}


	int colvarmodule::setup_output()
	{
	if (this->size() == 0) return cvm::get_error();

	int error_code = COLVARS_OK;

	// output state file (restart)
	restart_out_name = proxy->restart_output_prefix().size() ?
	std::string(proxy->restart_output_prefix()+".colvars.state") :
	std::string("");

	if (restart_out_name.size()) {
	cvm::log("The restart output state file will be \""+restart_out_name+"\".\n");
	}

	output_prefix() = proxy->output_prefix();
	if (output_prefix().size()) {
	cvm::log("The final output state file will be \""+
	(output_prefix().size() ?
	std::string(output_prefix()+".colvars.state") :
	std::string("colvars.state"))+"\".\n");
	// cvm::log (cvm::line_marker);
	}

	cv_traj_name =
	(output_prefix().size() ?
	std::string(output_prefix()+".colvars.traj") :
	std::string(""));

	if (cv_traj_freq && cv_traj_name.size()) {
	error_code \|= open_traj_file(cv_traj_name);
	}

	for (std::vector<colvarbias *>::iterator bi = biases.begin();
	bi != biases.end();
	bi++) {
	error_code \|= (*bi)->setup_output();
	}

	if (error_code != COLVARS_OK \|\| cvm::get_error()) {
	set_error_bits(FILE_ERROR);
	}

	return (cvm::get_error() ? COLVARS_ERROR : COLVARS_OK);
	}


	std::istream & colvarmodule::read_restart(std::istream &is)
	{
	bool warn_total_forces = false;

	{
	// read global restart information
	std::string restart_conf;
	if (is >> colvarparse::read_block("configuration", restart_conf)) {
	if (it_restart_from_state_file) {
	parse->get_keyval(restart_conf, "step",
	it_restart, (size_t) 0,
	colvarparse::parse_silent);
	it = it_restart;
	}
	std::string restart_version;
	parse->get_keyval(restart_conf, "version",
	restart_version, std::string(""),
	colvarparse::parse_silent);
	if (restart_version.size() && (restart_version != std::string(COLVARS_VERSION))) {
	cvm::log("This state file was generated with version "+restart_version+"\n");
	}
	if ((restart_version.size() == 0) \|\| (restart_version.compare(std::string(COLVARS_VERSION)) < 0)) {
	// check for total force change
	if (proxy->total_forces_enabled()) {
	warn_total_forces = true;
	}
	}
	}
	is.clear();
	parse->clear_keyword_registry();
	}

	// colvars restart
	cvm::increase_depth();
	for (std::vector<colvar *>::iterator cvi = colvars.begin();
	cvi != colvars.end();
	cvi++) {
	if ( !((*cvi)->read_restart(is)) ) {
	cvm::error("Error: in reading restart configuration for collective variable \""+
	(*cvi)->name+"\".\n",
	INPUT_ERROR);
	}
	}

	// biases restart
	for (std::vector<colvarbias *>::iterator bi = biases.begin();
	bi != biases.end();
	bi++) {
	if (!((*bi)->read_state(is))) {
	cvm::error("Error: in reading restart configuration for bias \""+
	(*bi)->name+"\".\n",
	INPUT_ERROR);
	}
	}
	cvm::decrease_depth();

	if (warn_total_forces) {
	cvm::log(cvm::line_marker);
	cvm::log("WARNING:\n");
	std::string const warning("### CHANGES IN THE DEFINITION OF SYSTEM FORCES (NOW TOTAL FORCES)\n\
	\n\
	Starting from the version 2016-08-10 of the Colvars module, \n\
	the role of system forces has been replaced by total forces.\n\
	\n\
	These include all forces acting on a collective variable, whether they\n\
	come from the force field potential or from external terms\n\
	(e.g. restraints), including forces applied by Colvars itself.\n\
	\n\
	In NAMD, forces applied by Colvars, IMD, SMD, TMD, symmetry\n\
	restraints and tclForces are now all counted in the total force.\n\
	\n\
	In LAMMPS, forces applied by Colvars itself are now counted in the total\n\
	force (all forces from other fixes were being counted already).\n\
	\n\
	\n\
	### WHEN IS THIS CHANGE RELEVANT\n\
	\n\
	This change affects results only when (1) outputSystemForce is\n\
	requested or (2) the ABF bias is used. All other usage cases are\n\
	unaffected (colvar restraints, metadynamics, etc).\n\
	\n\
	When system forces are reported (flag: outputSystemForce), their values\n\
	in the output may change, but the physical trajectory is never affected.\n\
	The physical results of ABF calculations may be affected in some cases.\n\
	\n\
	\n\
	### CHANGES TO ABF CALCULATIONS\n\
	\n\
	Compared to previous Colvars versions, the ABF method will now attempt\n\
	to cancel external forces (for example, boundary walls) and it may be\n\
	not possible to resume through a state file a simulation that was\n\
	performed with a previous version.\n\
	\n\
	There are three possible scenarios:\n\
	\n\
	1. No external forces are applied to the atoms used by ABF: results are\n\
	unchanged.\n\
	\n\
	2. Some of the atoms used by ABF experience external forces, but these\n\
	forces are not applied directly to the variables used by ABF\n\
	(e.g. another colvar that uses the same atoms, tclForces, etc): in this\n\
	case, we recommend beginning a new simulation.\n\
	\n\
	3. External forces are applied to one or more of the colvars used by\n\
	ABF, but no other forces are applied to their atoms: you may use the\n\
	subtractAppliedForce keyword inside the corresponding colvars to\n\
	continue the previous simulation.\n\n");
	cvm::log(warning);
	cvm::log(cvm::line_marker);

	// update this ahead of time in this special case
	output_prefix() = proxy->input_prefix();
	cvm::log("All output files will now be saved with the prefix \""+output_prefix()+".tmp.*\".\n");
	cvm::log(cvm::line_marker);
	cvm::log("Please review the important warning above. After that, you may rename:\n\
	\""+output_prefix()+".tmp.colvars.state\"\n\
	to:\n\
	\""+ proxy->input_prefix()+".colvars.state\"\n");
	output_prefix() = output_prefix()+".tmp";
	write_output_files();
	cvm::error("Exiting with error until issue is addressed.\n", FATAL_ERROR);
	}

	return is;
	}


	int colvarmodule::backup_file(char const *filename)
	{
	return proxy->backup_file(filename);
	}


	int colvarmodule::write_output_files()
	{
	// if this is a simulation run (i.e. not a postprocessing), output data
	// must be written to be able to restart the simulation
	std::string const out_name =
	(output_prefix().size() ?
	std::string(output_prefix()+".colvars.state") :
	std::string("colvars.state"));
	cvm::log("Saving collective variables state to \""+out_name+"\".\n");

	std::ostream * os = proxy->output_stream(out_name);
	os->setf(std::ios::scientific, std::ios::floatfield);
	this->write_restart(*os);
	proxy->close_output_stream(out_name);

	cvm::increase_depth();
	for (std::vector<colvar *>::iterator cvi = colvars.begin();
	cvi != colvars.end();
	cvi++) {
	(*cvi)->write_output_files();
	}
	cvm::decrease_depth();

	cvm::increase_depth();
	for (std::vector<colvarbias *>::iterator bi = biases.begin();
	bi != biases.end();
	bi++) {
	(*bi)->write_output_files();
	(*bi)->write_state_to_replicas();
	}
	cvm::decrease_depth();

	if (cv_traj_os != NULL) {
	// do not close, there may be another run command
	proxy->flush_output_stream(cv_traj_os);
	}

	return (cvm::get_error() ? COLVARS_ERROR : COLVARS_OK);
	}



	int colvarmodule::read_traj(char const *traj_filename,
	long traj_read_begin,
	long traj_read_end)
	{
	cvm::log("Opening trajectory file \""+
	std::string(traj_filename)+"\".\n");
	std::ifstream traj_is(traj_filename);

	while (true) {
	while (true) {

	std::string line("");

	do {
	if (!colvarparse::getline_nocomments(traj_is, line)) {
	cvm::log("End of file \""+std::string(traj_filename)+
	"\" reached, or corrupted file.\n");
	traj_is.close();
	return false;
	}
	} while (line.find_first_not_of(colvarparse::white_space) == std::string::npos);

	std::istringstream is(line);

	if (!(is >> it)) return false;

	if ( (it < traj_read_begin) ) {

	if ((it % 1000) == 0)
	std::cerr << "Skipping trajectory step " << it
	<< " \r";

	continue;

	} else {

	if ((it % 1000) == 0)
	std::cerr << "Reading from trajectory, step = " << it
	<< " \r";

	if ( (traj_read_end > traj_read_begin) &&
	(it > traj_read_end) ) {
	std::cerr << "\n";
	cvm::error("Reached the end of the trajectory, "
	"read_end = "+cvm::to_str(traj_read_end)+"\n",
	FILE_ERROR);
	return COLVARS_ERROR;
	}

	for (std::vector<colvar *>::iterator cvi = colvars.begin();
	cvi != colvars.end();
	cvi++) {
	if (!(*cvi)->read_traj(is)) {
	cvm::error("Error: in reading colvar \""+(*cvi)->name+
	"\" from trajectory file \""+
	std::string(traj_filename)+"\".\n",
	FILE_ERROR);
	return COLVARS_ERROR;
	}
	}

	break;
	}
	}
	}
	return (cvm::get_error() ? COLVARS_ERROR : COLVARS_OK);
	}


	std::ostream & colvarmodule::write_restart(std::ostream &os)
	{
	os.setf(std::ios::scientific, std::ios::floatfield);
	os << "configuration {\n"
	<< " step " << std::setw(it_width)
	<< it << "\n"
	<< " dt " << dt() << "\n"
	<< " version " << std::string(COLVARS_VERSION) << "\n"
	<< "}\n\n";

	int error_code = COLVARS_OK;

	cvm::increase_depth();
	for (std::vector<colvar *>::iterator cvi = colvars.begin();
	cvi != colvars.end();
	cvi++) {
	(*cvi)->write_restart(os);
	error_code \|= (*cvi)->write_output_files();
	}

	for (std::vector<colvarbias *>::iterator bi = biases.begin();
	bi != biases.end();
	bi++) {
	(*bi)->write_state(os);
	error_code \|= (*bi)->write_state_to_replicas();
	error_code \|= (*bi)->write_output_files();
	}
	cvm::decrease_depth();

	if (error_code != COLVARS_OK) {
	// TODO make this function return an int instead
	os.setstate(std::ios::failbit);
	}

	return os;
	}


	int colvarmodule::open_traj_file(std::string const &file_name)
	{
	if (cv_traj_os != NULL) {
	return COLVARS_OK;
	}

	// (re)open trajectory file
	if (cv_traj_append) {
	cvm::log("Appending to colvar trajectory file \""+file_name+
	"\".\n");
	cv_traj_os = (cvm::proxy)->output_stream(file_name, std::ios::app);
	} else {
	cvm::log("Writing to colvar trajectory file \""+file_name+
	"\".\n");
	proxy->backup_file(file_name.c_str());
	cv_traj_os = (cvm::proxy)->output_stream(file_name);
	}

	if (cv_traj_os == NULL) {
	cvm::error("Error: cannot write to file \""+file_name+"\".\n",
	FILE_ERROR);
	}

	return cvm::get_error();
	}


	int colvarmodule::close_traj_file()
	{
	if (cv_traj_os != NULL) {
	proxy->close_output_stream(cv_traj_name);
	cv_traj_os = NULL;
	}
	return cvm::get_error();
	}


	std::ostream & colvarmodule::write_traj_label(std::ostream &os)
	{
	os.setf(std::ios::scientific, std::ios::floatfield);

	os << "# " << cvm::wrap_string("step", cvm::it_width-2)
	<< " ";

	cvm::increase_depth();
	for (std::vector<colvar *>::iterator cvi = colvars.begin();
	cvi != colvars.end();
	cvi++) {
	(*cvi)->write_traj_label(os);
	}
	for (std::vector<colvarbias *>::iterator bi = biases.begin();
	bi != biases.end();
	bi++) {
	(*bi)->write_traj_label(os);
	}
	os << "\n";

	if (cvm::debug()) {
	proxy->flush_output_stream(&os);
	}

	cvm::decrease_depth();
	return os;
	}


	std::ostream & colvarmodule::write_traj(std::ostream &os)
	{
	os.setf(std::ios::scientific, std::ios::floatfield);

	os << std::setw(cvm::it_width) << it
	<< " ";

	cvm::increase_depth();
	for (std::vector<colvar *>::iterator cvi = colvars.begin();
	cvi != colvars.end();
	cvi++) {
	(*cvi)->write_traj(os);
	}
	for (std::vector<colvarbias *>::iterator bi = biases.begin();
	bi != biases.end();
	bi++) {
	(*bi)->write_traj(os);
	}
	os << "\n";

	if (cvm::debug()) {
	proxy->flush_output_stream(&os);
	}

	cvm::decrease_depth();
	return os;
	}


	void cvm::log(std::string const &message)
	{
	// allow logging when the module is not fully initialized
	size_t const d = (cvm::main() != NULL) ? depth() : 0;
	if (d > 0)
	proxy->log((std::string(2*d, ' '))+message);
	else
	proxy->log(message);
	}


	void cvm::increase_depth()
	{
	(depth())++;
	}


	void cvm::decrease_depth()
	{
	if (depth() > 0) {
	(depth())--;
	}
	}


	size_t & cvm::depth()
	{
	// NOTE: do not call log() or error() here, to avoid recursion
	colvarmodule *cv = cvm::main();
	if (proxy->smp_enabled() == COLVARS_OK) {
	int const nt = proxy->smp_num_threads();
	if (int(cv->depth_v.size()) != nt) {
	proxy->smp_lock();
	// update array of depths
	if (cv->depth_v.size() > 0) { cv->depth_s = cv->depth_v[0]; }
	cv->depth_v.clear();
	cv->depth_v.assign(nt, cv->depth_s);
	proxy->smp_unlock();
	}
	return cv->depth_v[proxy->smp_thread_id()];
	}
	return cv->depth_s;
	}


	void colvarmodule::set_error_bits(int code)
	{
	if (code < 0) {
	cvm::fatal_error("Error: set_error_bits() received negative error code.\n");
	return;
	}
	proxy->smp_lock();
	errorCode \|= code \| COLVARS_ERROR;
	proxy->smp_unlock();
	}

	bool colvarmodule::get_error_bit(int code)
	{
	return bool(errorCode & code);
	}

	void colvarmodule::clear_error()
	{
	proxy->smp_lock();
	errorCode = COLVARS_OK;
	proxy->smp_unlock();
	}


	int colvarmodule::error(std::string const &message, int code)
	{
	set_error_bits(code);
	proxy->error(message);
	return get_error();
	}


	int colvarmodule::fatal_error(std::string const &message)
	{
	set_error_bits(FATAL_ERROR);
	proxy->fatal_error(message);
	return get_error();
	}


	int cvm::read_index_file(char const *filename)
	{
	std::ifstream is(filename, std::ios::binary);
	if (!is.good()) {
	cvm::error("Error: in opening index file \""+
	std::string(filename)+"\".\n",
	FILE_ERROR);
	}

	while (is.good()) {
	char open, close;
	std::string group_name;
	if ( (is >> open) && (open == '[') &&
	(is >> group_name) &&
	(is >> close) && (close == ']') ) {
	for (std::list<std::string>::iterator names_i = index_group_names.begin();
	names_i != index_group_names.end();
	names_i++) {
	if (*names_i == group_name) {
	cvm::error("Error: the group name \""+group_name+
	"\" appears in multiple index files.\n",
	FILE_ERROR);
	}
	}
	index_group_names.push_back(group_name);
	index_groups.push_back(std::vector<int>());
	} else {
	cvm::error("Error: in parsing index file \""+
	std::string(filename)+"\".\n",
	INPUT_ERROR);
	}

	int atom_number = 1;
	size_t pos = is.tellg();
	while ( (is >> atom_number) && (atom_number > 0) ) {
	(index_groups.back()).push_back(atom_number);
	pos = is.tellg();
	}
	is.clear();
	is.seekg(pos, std::ios::beg);
	std::string delim;
	if ( (is >> delim) && (delim == "[") ) {
	// new group
	is.clear();
	is.seekg(pos, std::ios::beg);
	} else {
	break;
	}
	}

	cvm::log("The following index groups were read from the index file \""+
	std::string(filename)+"\":\n");
	std::list<std::string>::iterator names_i = index_group_names.begin();
	std::list<std::vector<int> >::iterator lists_i = index_groups.begin();
	for ( ; names_i != index_group_names.end() ; names_i++, lists_i++) {
	cvm::log(" "+(*names_i)+" ("+cvm::to_str(lists_i->size())+" atoms).\n");
	}
	return (cvm::get_error() ? COLVARS_ERROR : COLVARS_OK);
	}

	int cvm::load_atoms(char const *file_name,
	cvm::atom_group &atoms,
	std::string const &pdb_field,
	double const pdb_field_value)
	{
	return proxy->load_atoms(file_name, atoms, pdb_field, pdb_field_value);
	}

	int cvm::load_coords(char const *file_name,
	std::vector<cvm::atom_pos> &pos,
	const std::vector<int> &indices,
	std::string const &pdb_field,
	double const pdb_field_value)
	{
	// Differentiate between PDB and XYZ files
	// for XYZ files, use CVM internal parser
	// otherwise call proxy function for PDB

	std::string const ext(strlen(file_name) > 4 ? (file_name + (strlen(file_name) - 4)) : file_name);
	if (colvarparse::to_lower_cppstr(ext) == std::string(".xyz")) {
	if ( pdb_field.size() > 0 ) {
	cvm::error("Error: PDB column may not be specified for XYZ coordinate file.\n", INPUT_ERROR);
	return COLVARS_ERROR;
	}
	return cvm::load_coords_xyz(file_name, pos, indices);
	} else {
	return proxy->load_coords(file_name, pos, indices, pdb_field, pdb_field_value);
	}
	}


	int cvm::load_coords_xyz(char const *filename,
	std::vector<atom_pos> &pos,
	const std::vector<int> &indices)
	{
	std::ifstream xyz_is(filename);
	unsigned int natoms;
	char symbol[256];
	std::string line;

	if ( ! (xyz_is >> natoms) ) {
	cvm::error("Error: cannot parse XYZ file "
	+ std::string(filename) + ".\n", INPUT_ERROR);
	}
	// skip comment line
	cvm::getline(xyz_is, line);
	cvm::getline(xyz_is, line);
	xyz_is.width(255);
	std::vector<atom_pos>::iterator pos_i = pos.begin();

	if (pos.size() != natoms) { // Use specified indices
	int next = 0; // indices are zero-based
	std::vector<int>::const_iterator index = indices.begin();
	for ( ; pos_i != pos.end() ; pos_i++, index++) {

	while ( next < *index ) {
	cvm::getline(xyz_is, line);
	next++;
	}
	xyz_is >> symbol;
	xyz_is >> (pos_i)[0] >> (pos_i)[1] >> (*pos_i)[2];
	}
	} else { // Use all positions
	for ( ; pos_i != pos.end() ; pos_i++) {
	xyz_is >> symbol;
	xyz_is >> (pos_i)[0] >> (pos_i)[1] >> (*pos_i)[2];
	}
	}
	return (cvm::get_error() ? COLVARS_ERROR : COLVARS_OK);
	}


	// shared pointer to the proxy object
	colvarproxy *colvarmodule::proxy = NULL;

	// static runtime data
	cvm::real colvarmodule::debug_gradients_step_size = 1.0e-07;
	int colvarmodule::errorCode = 0;
	long colvarmodule::it = 0;
	long colvarmodule::it_restart = 0;
	size_t colvarmodule::restart_out_freq = 0;
	size_t colvarmodule::cv_traj_freq = 0;
	bool colvarmodule::b_analysis = false;
	bool colvarmodule::use_scripted_forces = false;
	bool colvarmodule::scripting_after_biases = true;

	// i/o constants
	size_t const colvarmodule::it_width = 12;
	size_t const colvarmodule::cv_prec = 14;
	size_t const colvarmodule::cv_width = 21;
	size_t const colvarmodule::en_prec = 14;
	size_t const colvarmodule::en_width = 21;
	const char * const colvarmodule::line_marker = (const char *)
	"----------------------------------------------------------------------\n";

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