mlkrr/iopart.cls
bf96e9779522master

iopart.cls
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			%%
			%% This is file `iopart.cls'
			%%
			%% This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
			%% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
			%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
			%%
			%% Licensed under the LPPL: http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
			%% Current Maintainer: IOP Publishing Ltd
			%%
			%% \CharacterTable
			%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
			%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
			%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
			%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
			%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
			%% Acute accent \' Left paren $ Right paren $
			%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
			%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
			%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
			%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
			%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
			%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
			%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \\|
			%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}
			%
			\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
			\ProvidesClass{iopart}[1996/06/10 v0.0 IOP Journals LaTeX article class]
			\newcommand\@ptsize{0}
			\newif\if@restonecol
			\newif\if@titlepage
			\newif\ifiopams
			\@titlepagefalse
			\DeclareOption{a4paper}
			{\setlength\paperheight {297mm}%
			\setlength\paperwidth {210mm}}
			\DeclareOption{letterpaper}
			{\setlength\paperheight {11in}%
			\setlength\paperwidth {8.5in}}
			\DeclareOption{landscape}
			{\setlength\@tempdima {\paperheight}%
			\setlength\paperheight {\paperwidth}%
			\setlength\paperwidth {\@tempdima}}
			\DeclareOption{10pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{0}}
			\DeclareOption{11pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{2}} % No 11pt version
			\DeclareOption{12pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{2}}
			\DeclareOption{draft}{\setlength\overfullrule{5pt}}
			\DeclareOption{final}{\setlength\overfullrule{0pt}}
			\DeclareOption{titlepage}{\@titlepagetrue}
			\DeclareOption{notitlepage}{\@titlepagefalse}
			\ExecuteOptions{letterpaper,final}
			\ProcessOptions
			\DeclareMathAlphabet{\bi}{OML}{cmm}{b}{it}
			\DeclareMathAlphabet{\bcal}{OMS}{cmsy}{b}{n}
			\input{iopart1\@ptsize.clo}
			\setlength\lineskip{1\p@}
			\setlength\normallineskip{1\p@}
			\renewcommand\baselinestretch{}
			\setlength\parskip{0\p@ \@plus \p@}
			\@lowpenalty 51
			\@medpenalty 151
			\@highpenalty 301
			\setlength\parindent{2em}
			\setcounter{topnumber}{8}
			\renewcommand\topfraction{1}
			\setcounter{bottomnumber}{3}
			\renewcommand\bottomfraction{.99}
			\setcounter{totalnumber}{8}
			\renewcommand\textfraction{0.01}
			\renewcommand\floatpagefraction{.8}
			\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{6}
			\renewcommand\dbltopfraction{1}
			\renewcommand\dblfloatpagefraction{.8}
			%
			\pretolerance=5000
			\tolerance=8000
			%
			% Headings for all pages apart from first
			%
			\def\ps@headings{\let\@oddfoot\@empty
			\let\@evenfoot\@empty
			\def\@evenhead{\thepage\hfil\itshape\rightmark}%
			\def\@oddhead{{\itshape\leftmark}\hfil\thepage}%
			\let\@mkboth\markboth
			\let\sectionmark\@gobble
			\let\subsectionmark\@gobble}
			%
			% Headings for first page
			%
			\def\ps@myheadings{\let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
			\let\@oddhead\@empty\let\@evenhead\@empty
			\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
			\let\sectionmark\@gobble
			\let\subsectionmark\@gobble}
			%
			% \maketitle just ends page
			%
			\newcommand\maketitle{\newpage}
			%
			% Article titles
			%
			% Usage: \title[Short title]{Full title}
			% [Short title] is optional; use where title is too long
			% or contains footnotes, 50 characters maximum
			%
			\renewcommand{\title}{\@ifnextchar[{\@stitle}{\@ftitle}}
			\def\@stitle[#1]#2{\markboth{#1}{#1}%
			\thispagestyle{myheadings}%
			\vspace*{3pc}{\exhyphenpenalty=10000\hyphenpenalty=10000
			\Large\raggedright\noindent
			\bf#2\par}}
			\def\@ftitle#1{\markboth{#1}{#1}%
			\thispagestyle{myheadings}%
			\vspace*{3pc}{\exhyphenpenalty=10000\hyphenpenalty=10000
			\Large\raggedright\noindent
			\bf#1\par}}
			%
			% Can use \paper instead of \title
			%
			\let\paper=\title
			%
			% Generic title command for articles other than papers
			%
			% Usage: \article[Short title]{Article Type}{Full title}
			% [Short title] is optional; use where title is too long
			% or contains footnotes, 50 characters maximum
			%
			\newcommand{\article}{\@ifnextchar[{\@sarticle}{\@farticle}}
			\def\@sarticle[#1]#2#3{\markboth{#1}{#1}%
			\thispagestyle{myheadings}%
			\vspace*{.5pc}%
			{\parindent=\mathindent \bf #2\par}%
			\vspace*{1.5pc}%
			{\exhyphenpenalty=10000\hyphenpenalty=10000
			\Large\raggedright\noindent
			\bf#3\par}}%
			\def\@farticle#1#2{\markboth{#2}{#2}%
			\thispagestyle{myheadings}%
			\vspace*{.5pc}%
			{\parindent=\mathindent \bf #1\par}%
			\vspace*{1.5pc}%
			{\exhyphenpenalty=10000\hyphenpenalty=10000
			\Large\raggedright\noindent
			\bf#2\par}}%
			%
			% Letters to the Editor
			%
			% Usage \letter{Full title}
			% No short title is required for Letters
			%
			\def\letter#1{\article[Letter to the Editor]{Letter to the Editor}{#1}}
			%
			% Fast Track Communications (added by sxb 9 March 2011)
			%
			% Usage \ftc{Full title} - there's no short title
			\def\ftc#1{\article[Fast Track Communication]{Fast Track Communication}{#1}}
			%
			%
			% Review articles
			%
			% Usage: \review[Short title]{Full title}
			% [Short title] is optional; use where title is too long
			% or contains footnotes, 50 characters maximum
			%
			\def\review{\@ifnextchar[{\@sreview}{\@freview}}
			\def\@sreview[#1]#2{\@sarticle[#1]{Review Article}{#2}}
			\def\@freview#1{\@farticle{Review Article}{#1}}
			%
			% Topical Review
			%
			% Usage: \topical[Short title]{Full title}
			% [Short title] is optional; use where title is too long
			% or contains footnotes, 50 characters maximum
			%
			\def\topical{\@ifnextchar[{\@stopical}{\@ftopical}}
			\def\@stopical[#1]#2{\@sarticle[#1]{Topical Review}{#2}}
			\def\@ftopical#1{\@farticle{Topical Review}{#1}}
			%
			% Comments
			%
			% Usage: \comment[Short title]{Full title}
			% [Short title] is optional; use where title is too long
			% or contains footnotes, 50 characters maximum
			%
			\def\comment{\@ifnextchar[{\@scomment}{\@fcomment}}
			\def\@scomment[#1]#2{\@sarticle[#1]{Comment}{#2}}
			\def\@fcomment#1{\@farticle{Comment}{#1}}
			%
			% Rapid Communications
			%
			% Usage: \rapid[Short title]{Full title}
			% [Short title] is optional; use where title is too long
			% or contains footnotes, 50 characters maximum
			%
			\def\rapid{\@ifnextchar[{\@srapid}{\@frapid}}
			\def\@srapid[#1]#2{\@sarticle[#1]{Rapid Communication}{#2}}
			\def\@frapid#1{\@farticle{Rapid Communication}{#1}}
			%
			% Notes
			%
			% Usage: \note[Short title]{Full title}
			% [Short title] is optional; use where title is too long
			% or contains footnotes, 50 characters maximum
			%
			\def\note{\@ifnextchar[{\@snote}{\@fnote}}
			\def\@snote[#1]#2{\@sarticle[#1]{Note}{#2}}
			\def\@fnote#1{\@farticle{Note}{#1}}
			%
			% Preliminary Communications
			%
			% Usage: \prelim[Short title]{Full title}
			% [Short title] is optional; use where title is too long
			% or contains footnotes, 50 characters maximum
			%
			\def\prelim{\@ifnextchar[{\@sprelim}{\@fprelim}}
			\def\@sprelim[#1]#2{\@sarticle[#1]{Preliminary Communication}{#2}}
			\def\@fprelim#1{\@farticle{Preliminary Communication}{#1}}
			%
			% List of authors
			%
			% Usage \author[Short form]{List of all authors}
			% The short form excludes footnote symbols linking authors to addresses
			% and is used for running heads in printed version (but not on preprints)
			%
			\renewcommand{\author}{\@ifnextchar[{\@sauthor}{\@fauthor}}
			\def\@sauthor[#1]#2{\markright{#1} % for production only
			\vspace*{1.5pc}%
			\begin{indented}%
			\item[]\normalsize\bf\raggedright#2
			\end{indented}%
			\smallskip}
			\def\@fauthor#1{%\markright{#1} for production only
			\vspace*{1.5pc}%
			\begin{indented}%
			\item[]\normalsize\bf\raggedright#1
			\end{indented}%
			\smallskip}
			%
			% Affiliation (authors address)
			%
			% Usage: \address{Address of first author}
			% \address{Address of second author}
			% Use once for each address, use symbols \dag \ddag \S \P $\\|$
			% to connect authors with addresses
			%
			\newcommand{\address}[1]{\begin{indented}
			\item[]\rm\raggedright #1
			\end{indented}}
			%
			% American Mathematical Society Classification Numbers
			% Usage: \ams{57.XX, 58.XX}
			%
			\def\ams#1{\vspace{10pt}
			\begin{indented}
			\item[]\rm AMS classification scheme numbers: #1\par
			\end{indented}}
			%
			% A single Physics & Astronomy Classification Number
			% Usage \pacno{31.10}
			%
			\def\pacno#1{\vspace{10pt}
			\begin{indented}
			\item[]\rm PACS number: #1\par
			\end{indented}}
			%
			% Physics & Astronomy Classification Numbers (more than one)
			% Usage \pacs{31.10, 31.20T}
			%
			\def\pacs#1{\vspace{10pt}
			\begin{indented}
			\item[]\rm PACS numbers: #1\par
			\end{indented}}
			%
			% Submission details. If \jl command used journals name printed
			% otherwise Institute of Physics Publishing
			%
			\def\submitted{\vspace{28pt plus 10pt minus 18pt}
			\noindent{\small\rm Submitted to: {\it \journal}\par}}
			%
			\def\submitto#1{\vspace{28pt plus 10pt minus 18pt}
			\noindent{\small\rm Submitted to: {\it #1}\par}}
			%
			% For articles (other than Letters) not divided into sections
			% Usage \nosections Start of text
			%
			\def\nosections{\vspace{30\p@ plus12\p@ minus12\p@}
			\noindent\ignorespaces}
			%
			% Acknowledgments (no heading if letter)
			% Usage \ack for Acknowledgments, \ackn for Acknowledgement
			%
			\def\ack{\ifletter\bigskip\noindent\ignorespaces\else
			\section*{Acknowledgments}\fi}
			\def\ackn{\ifletter\bigskip\noindent\ignorespaces\else
			\section*{Acknowledgment}\fi}
			%
			% Footnotes: symbols selected in order \dag (1), \ddag (2), \S (3),
			% $\\|$ (4), $\P$ (5), $^+$ (6), $^*$ (7), \sharp (8), \dagger\dagger (9)
			% unless optional argument of [<num>] use to specify required symbol,
			% 1=\dag, 2=\ddag, etc
			% Usage: \footnote{Text of footnote}
			% \footnote[3]{Text of footnote}
			%
			\def\footnoterule{}%
			\setcounter{footnote}{1}
			\long\def\@makefntext#1{\parindent 1em\noindent
			\makebox[1em][l]{\footnotesize\rm$\m@th{\fnsymbol{footnote}}$}%
			\footnotesize\rm #1}
			\def\@makefnmark{\hbox{${\fnsymbol{footnote}}\m@th$}}
			\def\@thefnmark{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
			\def\footnote{\@ifnextchar[{\@xfootnote}{\stepcounter{\@mpfn}%
			\begingroup\let\protect\noexpand
			\xdef\@thefnmark{\thempfn}\endgroup
			\@footnotemark\@footnotetext}}
			\def\@xfootnote[#1]{\setcounter{footnote}{#1}%
			\addtocounter{footnote}{-1}\footnote}
			\def\@fnsymbol#1{\ifcase#1\or \dagger\or \ddagger\or \S\or
			\\|\or \P\or ^{+}\or ^{\tsty *}\or \sharp
			\or \dagger\dagger \else\@ctrerr\fi\relax}
			%
			% IOP Journals
			%
			\newcounter{jnl}
			\newcommand{\jl}[1]{\setcounter{jnl}{#1}}
			\def\journal{\ifnum\thejnl=0 Institute of Physics Publishing\fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=1 J. Phys.\ A: Math.\ Gen.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=2 J. Phys.\ B: At.\ Mol.\ Opt.\ Phys.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=3 J. Phys.:\ Condens. Matter\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=4 J. Phys.\ G: Nucl.\ Part.\ Phys.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=5 Inverse Problems\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=6 Class. Quantum Grav.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=7 Network: Comput.\ Neural Syst.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=8 Nonlinearity\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=9 J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=10 Waves Random Media\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=11 J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=12 Phys. Med. Biol.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=13 Modelling Simul.\ Mater.\ Sci.\ Eng.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=14 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=15 Physiol. Meas.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=16 Combust. Theory Modelling\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=17 High Perform.\ Polym.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=18 Public Understand. Sci.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=19 Rep.\ Prog.\ Phys.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=20 J.\ Phys.\ D: Appl.\ Phys.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=21 Supercond.\ Sci.\ Technol.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=22 Semicond.\ Sci.\ Technol.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=23 Nanotechnology\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=24 Measur.\ Sci.\ Technol.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=25 Plasma.\ Sources\ Sci.\ Technol.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=26 Smart\ Mater.\ Struct.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=27 J.\ Micromech.\ Microeng.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=28 Distrib.\ Syst.\ Engng\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=29 Bioimaging\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=30 J.\ Radiol. Prot.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=31 Europ. J. Phys.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=32 J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.\ \fi
			\ifnum\thejnl=33 New. J. Phys.\ \fi}
			%
			% E-mail addresses (to provide links from headers)
			%
			\def\eads#1{\vspace*{5pt}\address{E-mail: #1}}
			\def\ead#1{\vspace*{5pt}\address{E-mail: \mailto{#1}}}
			\def\mailto#1{{\tt #1}}
			%
			% Switches
			%
			\newif\ifletter
			%
			\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
			\newcounter {section}
			\newcounter {subsection}[section]
			\newcounter {subsubsection}[subsection]
			\newcounter {paragraph}[subsubsection]
			\newcounter {subparagraph}[paragraph]
			\renewcommand\thesection {\arabic{section}}
			\renewcommand\thesubsection {\thesection.\arabic{subsection}}
			\renewcommand\thesubsubsection {\thesubsection.\arabic{subsubsection}}
			\renewcommand\theparagraph {\thesubsubsection.\arabic{paragraph}}
			\renewcommand\thesubparagraph {\theparagraph.\arabic{subparagraph}}
			\def\@chapapp{Section}

			\newcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
			{-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
			{2.3ex \@plus.2ex}%
			{\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries\raggedright}}
			\newcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
			{-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
			{1.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
			{\reset@font\normalsize\itshape\raggedright}}
			\newcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
			{-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
			{-1em \@plus .2em}%
			{\reset@font\normalsize\itshape}}
			\newcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
			{3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus.2ex}%
			{-1em}%
			{\reset@font\normalsize\itshape}}
			\newcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}%
			{3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
			{-1em}%
			{\reset@font\normalsize\itshape}}
			\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
			\let\@svsec\@empty\else
			\refstepcounter{#1}\edef\@svsec{\csname the#1\endcsname. }\fi
			\@tempskipa #5\relax
			\ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
			\begingroup #6\relax
			\noindent{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}{\interlinepenalty \@M #8\par}%
			\endgroup
			\csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}\addcontentsline
			{toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
			\protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
			#7}\else
			\def\@svsechd{#6\hskip #3\relax %% \relax added 2 May 90
			\@svsec #8\csname #1mark\endcsname
			{#7}\addcontentsline
			{toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
			\protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
			#7}}\fi
			\@xsect{#5}}
			%
			\def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{\@tempskipa #3\relax
			\ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
			\begingroup #4\noindent{\hskip #1}{\interlinepenalty \@M #5\par}\endgroup
			\else \def\@svsechd{#4\hskip #1\relax #5}\fi
			\@xsect{#3}}

			\setlength\leftmargini{2em}
			\setlength\leftmarginii{2em}
			\setlength\leftmarginiii{1.8em}
			\setlength\leftmarginiv{1.6em}
			\setlength\leftmarginv{1em}
			\setlength\leftmarginvi{1em}
			\setlength\leftmargin{\leftmargini}
			\setlength\labelsep{0.5em}
			\setlength\labelwidth{\leftmargini}
			\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}
			\@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
			\@endparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
			\@itempenalty -\@lowpenalty
			\renewcommand\theenumi{\roman{enumi}}
			\renewcommand\theenumii{\alph{enumii}}
			\renewcommand\theenumiii{\arabic{enumiii}}
			\renewcommand\theenumiv{\Alph{enumiv}}
			\newcommand\labelenumi{(\theenumi)}
			\newcommand\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}
			\newcommand\labelenumiii{\theenumiii.}
			\newcommand\labelenumiv{(\theenumiv)}
			\renewcommand\p@enumii{(\theenumi)}
			\renewcommand\p@enumiii{(\theenumi.\theenumii)}
			\renewcommand\p@enumiv{(\theenumi.\theenumii.\theenumiii)}
			\newcommand\labelitemi{$\m@th\bullet$}
			\newcommand\labelitemii{\normalfont\bfseries --}
			\newcommand\labelitemiii{$\m@th\ast$}
			\newcommand\labelitemiv{$\m@th\cdot$}
			\newenvironment{description}
			{\list{}{\labelwidth\z@ \itemindent-\leftmargin
			\let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}
			{\endlist}
			\newcommand\descriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
			\normalfont\bfseries #1}
			\newenvironment{abstract}{%
			\vspace{16pt plus3pt minus3pt}
			\begin{indented}
			\item[]{\bfseries \abstractname.}\quad\rm\ignorespaces}
			{\end{indented}\if@titlepage\newpage\else\vspace{18\p@ plus18\p@}\fi}
			\newenvironment{verse}
			{\let\\=\@centercr
			\list{}{\itemsep \z@
			\itemindent -1.5em%
			\listparindent\itemindent
			\rightmargin \leftmargin
			\advance\leftmargin 1.5em}%
			\item[]}
			{\endlist}
			\newenvironment{quotation}
			{\list{}{\listparindent 1.5em%
			\itemindent \listparindent
			\rightmargin \leftmargin
			\parsep \z@ \@plus\p@}%
			\item[]}
			{\endlist}
			\newenvironment{quote}
			{\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}%
			\item[]}
			{\endlist}
			\newenvironment{titlepage}
			{%
			\@restonecolfalse\newpage
			\thispagestyle{empty}%
			\if@compatibility
			\setcounter{page}{0}
			\else
			\setcounter{page}{1}%
			\fi}%
			{\newpage\setcounter{page}{1}}
			\def\appendix{\@ifnextchar*{\@appendixstar}{\@appendix}}
			\def\@appendix{\eqnobysec\@appendixstar}
			\def\@appendixstar{\@@par
			\ifnumbysec % Added 30/4/94 to get Table A1,
			\@addtoreset{table}{section} % Table B1 etc if numbering by
			\@addtoreset{figure}{section}\fi % section
			\setcounter{section}{0}
			\setcounter{subsection}{0}
			\setcounter{subsubsection}{0}
			\setcounter{equation}{0}
			\setcounter{figure}{0}
			\setcounter{table}{0}
			\def\thesection{Appendix \Alph{section}}
			\def\theequation{\ifnumbysec
			\Alph{section}.\arabic{equation}\else
			\Alph{section}\arabic{equation}\fi} % Comment A\arabic{equation} maybe
			\def\thetable{\ifnumbysec % better? 15/4/95
			\Alph{section}\arabic{table}\else
			A\arabic{table}\fi}
			\def\thefigure{\ifnumbysec
			\Alph{section}\arabic{figure}\else
			A\arabic{figure}\fi}}
			\def\noappendix{\setcounter{figure}{0}
			\setcounter{table}{0}
			\def\thetable{\arabic{table}}
			\def\thefigure{\arabic{figure}}}
			\setlength\arraycolsep{5\p@}
			\setlength\tabcolsep{6\p@}
			\setlength\arrayrulewidth{.4\p@}
			\setlength\doublerulesep{2\p@}
			\setlength\tabbingsep{\labelsep}
			\skip\@mpfootins = \skip\footins
			\setlength\fboxsep{3\p@}
			\setlength\fboxrule{.4\p@}
			\renewcommand\theequation{\arabic{equation}}
			\newcounter{figure}
			\renewcommand\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}
			\def\fps@figure{tbp}
			\def\ftype@figure{1}
			\def\ext@figure{lof}
			\def\fnum@figure{\figurename~\thefigure}
			\newenvironment{figure}{\footnotesize\rm\@float{figure}}%
			{\end@float\normalsize\rm}
			\newenvironment{figure*}{\footnotesize\rm\@dblfloat{figure}}{\end@dblfloat}
			\newcounter{table}
			\renewcommand\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}
			\def\fps@table{tbp}
			\def\ftype@table{2}
			\def\ext@table{lot}
			\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
			\newenvironment{table}{\footnotesize\rm\@float{table}}%
			{\end@float\normalsize\rm}
			\newenvironment{table*}{\footnotesize\rm\@dblfloat{table}}%
			{\end@dblfloat\normalsize\rm}
			\newlength\abovecaptionskip
			\newlength\belowcaptionskip
			\setlength\abovecaptionskip{10\p@}
			\setlength\belowcaptionskip{0\p@}
			%
			% Added redefinition of \@caption so captions are not written to
			% aux file therefore less need to \protect fragile commands
			%
			\long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\par\begingroup
			\@parboxrestore
			\normalsize
			\@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par
			\endgroup}
			%
			\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{\vskip \abovecaptionskip
			\begin{indented}
			\item[]{\bf #1.} #2
			\end{indented}\vskip\belowcaptionskip}
			\let\@portraitcaption=\@makecaption

			\DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\normalfont\rmfamily}{\mathrm}
			\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf}
			\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}
			\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf}
			\DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit}
			\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl}
			\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc}
			\ifiopams
			\renewcommand{\cal}{\protect\pcal}
			\else
			\newcommand{\cal}{\protect\pcal}
			\fi
			\newcommand{\pcal}{\@fontswitch{\relax}{\mathcal}}
			\ifiopams
			\renewcommand{\mit}{\protect\pmit}
			\else
			\newcommand{\mit}{\protect\pmit}
			\fi
			\newcommand{\pmit}{\@fontswitch{\relax}{\mathnormal}}
			\newcommand\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
			\newcommand\@tocrmarg {2.55em}
			\newcommand\@dotsep{4.5}
			\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
			\newcommand\tableofcontents{%
			\section*{\contentsname
			\@mkboth{\uppercase{\contentsname}}{\uppercase{\contentsname}}}%
			\@starttoc{toc}%
			}
			\newcommand\l@part[2]{%
			\ifnum \c@tocdepth >-2\relax
			\addpenalty{\@secpenalty}%
			\addvspace{2.25em \@plus\p@}%
			\begingroup
			\setlength\@tempdima{3em}%
			\parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
			\parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
			{\leavevmode
			\large \bfseries #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}}\par
			\nobreak
			\if@compatibility
			\global\@nobreaktrue
			\everypar{\global\@nobreakfalse\everypar{}}
			\fi
			\endgroup
			\fi}
			\newcommand\l@section[2]{%
			\ifnum \c@tocdepth >\z@
			\addpenalty{\@secpenalty}%
			\addvspace{1.0em \@plus\p@}%
			\setlength\@tempdima{1.5em}%
			\begingroup
			\parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
			\parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
			\leavevmode \bfseries
			\advance\leftskip\@tempdima
			\hskip -\leftskip
			#1\nobreak\hfil \nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
			\endgroup
			\fi}
			\newcommand\l@subsection {\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
			\newcommand\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
			\newcommand\l@paragraph {\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
			\newcommand\l@subparagraph {\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}}
			\newcommand\listoffigures{%
			\section*{\listfigurename
			\@mkboth{\uppercase{\listfigurename}}%
			{\uppercase{\listfigurename}}}%
			\@starttoc{lof}%
			}
			\newcommand\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
			\newcommand\listoftables{%
			\section*{\listtablename
			\@mkboth{\uppercase{\listtablename}}{\uppercase{\listtablename}}}%
			\@starttoc{lot}%
			}
			\let\l@table\l@figure
			\newenvironment{theindex}
			{\if@twocolumn
			\@restonecolfalse
			\else
			\@restonecoltrue
			\fi
			\columnseprule \z@
			\columnsep 35\p@
			\twocolumn[\section*{\indexname}]%
			\@mkboth{\uppercase{\indexname}}%
			{\uppercase{\indexname}}%
			\thispagestyle{plain}\parindent\z@
			\parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
			\let\item\@idxitem}
			{\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi}
			\newcommand\@idxitem {\par\hangindent 40\p@}
			\newcommand\subitem {\par\hangindent 40\p@ \hspace*{20\p@}}
			\newcommand\subsubitem{\par\hangindent 40\p@ \hspace*{30\p@}}
			\newcommand\indexspace{\par \vskip 10\p@ \@plus5\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax}
			\newcommand\contentsname{Contents}
			\newcommand\listfigurename{List of Figures}
			\newcommand\listtablename{List of Tables}
			\newcommand\refname{References}
			\newcommand\indexname{Index}
			\newcommand\figurename{Figure}
			\newcommand\tablename{Table}
			\newcommand\partname{Part}
			\newcommand\appendixname{Appendix}
			\newcommand\abstractname{Abstract}
			\newcommand\today{\number\day\space\ifcase\month\or
			January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
			July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
			\space\number\year}
			\setlength\columnsep{10\p@}
			\setlength\columnseprule{0\p@}

			\newcommand{\Tables}{\clearpage\section*{Tables and table captions}
			\def\fps@table{hp}\noappendix}
			\newcommand{\Figures}{\clearpage\section*{Figure captions}
			\def\fps@figure{hp}\noappendix}
			%
			\newcommand{\Figure}[1]{\begin{figure}
			\caption{#1}
			\end{figure}}
			%
			\newcommand{\Table}[1]{\begin{table}
			\caption{#1}
			\begin{indented}
			\lineup
			\item[]\begin{tabular}{@{}l*{15}{l}}}

			\def\endTable{\end{tabular}\end{indented}\end{table}}
			\let\endtab=\endTable
			%
			\newcommand{\fulltable}[1]{\begin{table}
			\caption{#1}
			\footnotesize
			\lineup
			\begin{tabular}{\textwidth}{@{}l{15}{@{\extracolsep{0pt plus 12pt}}l}}}
			\def\endfulltable{\end{tabular*}\end{table}\normalsize}
			%
			%
			\newcommand{\Bibliography}[1]{\section*{References}\par\numrefs{#1}}
			\newcommand{\References}{\section*{References}\par\refs}

			\def\thebibliography#1{\list
			{\hfil[\arabic{enumi}]}{\topsep=0\p@\parsep=0\p@
			\partopsep=0\p@\itemsep=0\p@
			\labelsep=5\p@\itemindent=-10\p@
			\settowidth\labelwidth{\footnotesize[#1]}%
			\leftmargin\labelwidth
			\advance\leftmargin\labelsep
			\advance\leftmargin -\itemindent
			\usecounter{enumi}}\footnotesize
			\def\newblock{\ }
			\sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
			\sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
			\let\endthebibliography=\endlist
			\def\numrefs#1{\begin{thebibliography}{#1}}
			\def\endnumrefs{\end{thebibliography}}
			\let\endbib=\endnumrefs
			%
			\def\thereferences{\list{}{\topsep=0\p@\parsep=0\p@
			\partopsep=0\p@\itemsep=0\p@\labelsep=0\p@\itemindent=-18\p@
			\labelwidth=0\p@\leftmargin=18\p@
			}\footnotesize\rm
			\def\newblock{\ }
			\sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
			\sfcode`\.=1000\relax
			}
			%
			\let\endthereferences=\endlist
			\newlength{\indentedwidth}
			\newdimen\mathindent
			\indentedwidth=\mathindent
			%
			% Macro to used for references in the Harvard system
			%
			\newenvironment{harvard}{\list{}{\topsep=0\p@\parsep=0\p@
			\partopsep=0\p@\itemsep=0\p@\labelsep=0\p@\itemindent=-18\p@
			\labelwidth=0\p@\leftmargin=18\p@
			}\footnotesize\rm
			\def\newblock{\ }
			\sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
			\sfcode`\.=1000\relax}{\endlist}
			%
			\def\refs{\begin{harvard}}
			\def\endrefs{\end{harvard}}
			%
			\newenvironment{indented}{\begin{indented}}{\end{indented}}
			\newenvironment{varindent}[1]{\begin{varindent}{#1}}{\end{varindent}}
			%
			\def\indented{\list{}{\itemsep=0\p@\labelsep=0\p@\itemindent=0\p@
			\labelwidth=0\p@\leftmargin=\mathindent\topsep=0\p@\partopsep=0\p@
			\parsep=0\p@\listparindent=15\p@}\footnotesize\rm}

			\let\endindented=\endlist

			\def\varindent#1{\setlength{\varind}{#1}%
			\list{}{\itemsep=0\p@\labelsep=0\p@\itemindent=0\p@
			\labelwidth=0\p@\leftmargin=\varind\topsep=0\p@\partopsep=0\p@
			\parsep=0\p@\listparindent=15\p@}\footnotesize\rm}

			\let\endvarindent=\endlist

			\def\[{\relax\ifmmode\@badmath\else
			\begin{trivlist}
			\@beginparpenalty\predisplaypenalty
			\@endparpenalty\postdisplaypenalty
			\item[]\leavevmode
			\hbox to\linewidth\bgroup$ \displaystyle
			\hskip\mathindent\bgroup\fi}
			\def\]{\relax\ifmmode \egroup $\hfil \egroup \end{trivlist}\else \@badmath \fi}
			\def\equation{\@beginparpenalty\predisplaypenalty
			\@endparpenalty\postdisplaypenalty
			\refstepcounter{equation}\trivlist \item[]\leavevmode
			\hbox to\linewidth\bgroup $ \displaystyle
			\hskip\mathindent}
			\def\endequation{$\hfil \displaywidth\linewidth\@eqnnum\egroup \endtrivlist}
			%
			\@namedef{equation*}{\[}
			\@namedef{endequation*}{\]}
			%
			\def\eqnarray{\stepcounter{equation}\let\@currentlabel=\theequation
			\global\@eqnswtrue
			\global\@eqcnt\z@\tabskip\mathindent\let\\=\@eqncr
			\abovedisplayskip\topsep\ifvmode\advance\abovedisplayskip\partopsep\fi
			\belowdisplayskip\abovedisplayskip
			\belowdisplayshortskip\abovedisplayskip
			\abovedisplayshortskip\abovedisplayskip
			$$\halign to
			\linewidth\bgroup\@eqnsel$\displaystyle\tabskip\z@
			{##{}}$&\global\@eqcnt\@ne $\displaystyle{{}##{}}$\hfil
			&\global\@eqcnt\tw@ $\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil
			\tabskip\@centering&\llap{##}\tabskip\z@\cr}
			\def\endeqnarray{\@@eqncr\egroup
			\global\advance\c@equation\m@ne$$\global\@ignoretrue }
			\mathindent = 6pc
			%
			\def\eqalign#1{\null\vcenter{\def\\{\cr}\openup\jot\m@th
			\ialign{\strut$\displaystyle{##}$\hfil&$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil
			\crcr#1\crcr}}\,}
			%
			\def\eqalignno#1{\displ@y \tabskip\z@skip
			\halign to\displaywidth{\hspace{5pc}$\@lign\displaystyle{##}$%
			\tabskip\z@skip
			&$\@lign\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfill\tabskip\@centering
			&\llap{$\@lign\hbox{\rm##}$}\tabskip\z@skip\crcr
			#1\crcr}}
			%
			\newif\ifnumbysec
			\def\theequation{\ifnumbysec
			\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}\else
			\arabic{equation}\fi}
			\def\eqnobysec{\numbysectrue\@addtoreset{equation}{section}}

			\newcounter{eqnval}

			% 2012: if you have an eqn numbered by parts (eg eqn 6a, 6b) this allows
			% you to refer to it by just the number (eg eqn 6) if the label is between
			% the \multiparteqn and the \numparts
			\def\multiparteqn{\addtocounter{equation}{1}
			\eqnarray\nonumber
			\endeqnarray

			\vspace{-72pt}
			}

			\def\numparts{\addtocounter{equation}{1}%
			\setcounter{eqnval}{\value{equation}}%
			\setcounter{equation}{0}%
			\def\theequation{\ifnumbysec
			\arabic{section}.\arabic{eqnval}{\it\alph{equation}}%
			\else\arabic{eqnval}{\it\alph{equation}}\fi}}

			\def\endnumparts{\def\theequation{\ifnumbysec
			\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}\else
			\arabic{equation}\fi}%
			\setcounter{equation}{\value{eqnval}}}
			%
			\def\cases#1{%
			\left\{\,\vcenter{\def\\{\cr}\normalbaselines\openup1\jot\m@th%
			\ialign{\strut$\displaystyle{##}\hfil$&\tqs
			\rm##\hfil\crcr#1\crcr}}\right.}%
			%
			\newcommand{\e}{\mathrm{e}}
			\newcommand{\rme}{\mathrm{e}}
			\newcommand{\rmi}{\mathrm{i}}
			\newcommand{\rmd}{\mathrm{d}}
			\renewcommand{\qquad}{\hspace*{25pt}}
			\newcommand{\tdot}[1]{\stackrel{\dots}{#1}} % Added 1/9/94
			\newcommand{\tqs}{\hspace*{25pt}}
			\newcommand{\fl}{\hspace*{-\mathindent}}
			\newcommand{\Tr}{\mathop{\mathrm{Tr}}\nolimits}
			\newcommand{\tr}{\mathop{\mathrm{tr}}\nolimits}
			\newcommand{\Or}{\mathord{\mathrm{O}}} %changed from \mathop 20/1/95
			\newcommand{\lshad}{[\![}
			\newcommand{\rshad}{]\!]}
			\newcommand{\case}[2]{{\textstyle\frac{#1}{#2}}}
			\def\pt(#1){({\it #1\/})}
			\newcommand{\dsty}{\displaystyle}
			\newcommand{\tsty}{\textstyle}
			\newcommand{\ssty}{\scriptstyle}
			\newcommand{\sssty}{\scriptscriptstyle}
			\def\lo#1{\llap{${}#1{}$}}
			\def\eql{\llap{${}={}$}}
			\def\lsim{\llap{${}\sim{}$}}
			\def\lsimeq{\llap{${}\simeq{}$}}
			\def\lequiv{\llap{${}\equiv{}$}}
			%
			\newcommand{\eref}[1]{(\ref{#1})}
			\newcommand{\sref}[1]{section~\ref{#1}}
			\newcommand{\fref}[1]{figure~\ref{#1}}
			\newcommand{\tref}[1]{table~\ref{#1}}
			\newcommand{\Eref}[1]{Equation (\ref{#1})}
			\newcommand{\Sref}[1]{Section~\ref{#1}}
			\newcommand{\Fref}[1]{Figure~\ref{#1}}
			\newcommand{\Tref}[1]{Table~\ref{#1}}

			\newcommand{\opencircle}{\mbox{\Large$\circ\,$}} % moved Large outside maths
			\newcommand{\opensquare}{\mbox{$\rlap{$\sqcap$}\sqcup$}}
			\newcommand{\opentriangle}{\mbox{$\triangle$}}
			\newcommand{\opentriangledown}{\mbox{$\bigtriangledown$}}
			\newcommand{\opendiamond}{\mbox{$\diamondsuit$}}
			\newcommand{\fullcircle}{\mbox{{\Large$\bullet\,$}}} % moved Large outside maths
			\newcommand{\fullsquare}{\,\vrule height5pt depth0pt width5pt}
			\newcommand{\dotted}{\protect\mbox{${\mathinner{\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp}}$}}
			\newcommand{\dashed}{\protect\mbox{-\; -\; -\; -}}
			\newcommand{\broken}{\protect\mbox{-- -- --}}
			\newcommand{\longbroken}{\protect\mbox{--- --- ---}}
			\newcommand{\chain}{\protect\mbox{--- $\cdot$ ---}}
			\newcommand{\dashddot}{\protect\mbox{--- $\cdot$ $\cdot$ ---}}
			\newcommand{\full}{\protect\mbox{------}}

			\def\;{\protect\psemicolon}
			\def\psemicolon{\relax\ifmmode\mskip\thickmuskip\else\kern .3333em\fi}
			\def\lineup{\def\0{\hbox{\phantom{\footnotesize\rm 0}}}%
			\def\m{\hbox{$\phantom{-}$}}%
			\def\-{\llap{$-$}}}
			%
			%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
			% Tables rules %
			%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

			\newcommand{\boldarrayrulewidth}{1\p@}
			% Width of bold rule in tabular environment.

			\def\bhline{\noalign{\ifnum0=`}\fi\hrule \@height
			\boldarrayrulewidth \futurelet \@tempa\@xhline}

			\def\@xhline{\ifx\@tempa\hline\vskip \doublerulesep\fi
			\ifnum0=`{\fi}}

			%
			% Rules for tables with extra space around
			%
			\newcommand{\br}{\ms\bhline\ms}
			\newcommand{\mr}{\ms\hline\ms}
			%
			\newcommand{\centre}[2]{\multispan{#1}{\hfill #2\hfill}}
			\newcommand{\crule}[1]{\multispan{#1}{\hspace*{\tabcolsep}\hrulefill
			\hspace*{\tabcolsep}}}
			\newcommand{\fcrule}[1]{\ifnum\thetabtype=1\multispan{#1}{\hrulefill
			\hspace*{\tabcolsep}}\else\multispan{#1}{\hrulefill}\fi}
			%
			% Extra spaces for tables and displayed equations
			%
			\newcommand{\ms}{\noalign{\vspace{3\p@ plus2\p@ minus1\p@}}}
			\newcommand{\bs}{\noalign{\vspace{6\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@}}}
			\newcommand{\ns}{\noalign{\vspace{-3\p@ plus-1\p@ minus-1\p@}}}
			\newcommand{\es}{\noalign{\vspace{6\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@}}\displaystyle}%
			%
			\newcommand{\etal}{{\it et al\/}\ }
			\newcommand{\dash}{------}
			\newcommand{\nonum}{\par\item[]} %\par added 1/9/93
			\newcommand{\mat}[1]{\underline{\underline{#1}}}
			%
			% abbreviations for IOPP journals
			%
			\newcommand{\CQG}{{\it Class. Quantum Grav.} }
			\newcommand{\CTM}{{\it Combust. Theory Modelling\/} }
			\newcommand{\DSE}{{\it Distrib. Syst. Engng.\/} }
			\newcommand{\EJP}{{\it Eur. J. Phys.} }
			\newcommand{\JNE}{{\it J. Neural Eng.} } %added 30/11/2004 GMD
			\newcommand{\PB}{{\it Phys. Biol.} } %added 30/11/2004 GMD
			\newcommand{\SMS}{{\it Smart Mater. Struct.} } %added 30/11/2004 GMD
			\newcommand{\HPP}{{\it High Perform. Polym.} } % added 4/5/93
			\newcommand{\IP}{{\it Inverse Problems\/} }
			\newcommand{\JHM}{{\it J. Hard Mater.} } % added 4/5/93
			\newcommand{\JO}{{\it J. Opt.} }
			\newcommand{\JOA}{{\it J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.} }
			\newcommand{\JOB}{{\it J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt.} }
			\newcommand{\JPA}{{\it J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.} } % superseded by \jpa below
			\newcommand{\JPB}{{\it J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys.} } %1968-87
			\newcommand{\jpb}{{\it J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.} } %1988 and onwards
			\newcommand{\JPC}{{\it J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys.} } %1968--1988
			\newcommand{\JPCM}{{\it J. Phys.: Condens. Matter\/} } %1989 and onwards
			\newcommand{\JPD}{{\it J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.} }
			\newcommand{\JPE}{{\it J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum.} }
			\newcommand{\JPF}{{\it J. Phys. F: Met. Phys.} }
			\newcommand{\JPG}{{\it J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys.} } %1975--1988
			\newcommand{\jpg}{{\it J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.} } %1989 and onwards
			\newcommand{\JMM}{{\it J. Micromech. Microeng.\/} }
			\newcommand{\MSMSE}{{\it Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng.} } % sxb changed to 'Simul' 15 Mar 2011
			\newcommand{\MST}{{\it Meas. Sci. Technol.} } %1990 and onwards
			\newcommand{\NET}{{\it Network: Comput. Neural Syst.} }
			\newcommand{\NJP}{{\it New J. Phys.} }
			\newcommand{\NL}{{\it Nonlinearity\/} }
			\newcommand{\NT}{{\it Nanotechnology} }
			\newcommand{\PAO}{{\it Pure Appl. Optics\/} }
			\newcommand{\PM}{{\it Physiol. Meas.} } % added 4/5/93
			\newcommand{\PMB}{{\it Phys. Med. Biol.} }
			\newcommand{\PPCF}{{\it Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion\/} } % added 4/5/93
			\newcommand{\PSST}{{\it Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.} }
			\newcommand{\PUS}{{\it Public Understand. Sci.} }
			\newcommand{\QO}{{\it Quantum Opt.} }
			\newcommand{\QSO}{{\em Quantum Semiclass. Opt.} }
			\newcommand{\RPP}{{\it Rep. Prog. Phys.} }
			\newcommand{\SLC}{{\it Sov. Lightwave Commun.} } % added 4/5/93
			\newcommand{\SST}{{\it Semicond. Sci. Technol.} }
			\newcommand{\SUST}{{\it Supercond. Sci. Technol.} }
			\newcommand{\WRM}{{\it Waves Random Media\/} }
			%
			% Other commonly quoted journals
			%
			\newcommand{\AC}{{\it Acta Crystallogr.} }
			\newcommand{\AM}{{\it Acta Metall.} }
			\newcommand{\AP}{{\it Ann. Phys., Lpz.} }
			\newcommand{\APNY}{{\it Ann. Phys., NY\/} }
			\newcommand{\APP}{{\it Ann. Phys., Paris\/} }
			\newcommand{\CJP}{{\it Can. J. Phys.} }
			\newcommand{\JAP}{{\it J. Appl. Phys.} }
			\newcommand{\JCP}{{\it J. Chem. Phys.} }
			\newcommand{\JJAP}{{\it Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.} }
			\newcommand{\JP}{{\it J. Physique\/} }
			\newcommand{\JPhCh}{{\it J. Phys. Chem.} }
			\newcommand{\JMMM}{{\it J. Magn. Magn. Mater.} }
			\newcommand{\JMP}{{\it J. Math. Phys.} }
			\newcommand{\JOSA}{{\it J. Opt. Soc. Am.} }
			\newcommand{\JPSJ}{{\it J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.\/} }
			\newcommand{\JQSRT}{{\it J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer\/} }
			\newcommand{\NC}{{\it Nuovo Cimento\/} }
			\newcommand{\NIM}{{\it Nucl. Instrum. Methods\/} }
			\newcommand{\NP}{{\it Nucl. Phys.} }
			\newcommand{\PL}{{\it Phys. Lett.} }
			\newcommand{\PR}{{\it Phys. Rev.} }
			\newcommand{\PRL}{{\it Phys. Rev. Lett.} }
			\newcommand{\PRS}{{\it Proc. R. Soc.} }
			\newcommand{\PS}{{\it Phys. Scr.} }
			\newcommand{\PSS}{{\it Phys. Status Solidi\/} }
			\newcommand{\PTRS}{{\it Phil. Trans. R. Soc.} }
			\newcommand{\RMP}{{\it Rev. Mod. Phys.} }
			\newcommand{\RSI}{{\it Rev. Sci. Instrum.} }
			\newcommand{\SSC}{{\it Solid State Commun.} }
			\newcommand{\ZP}{{\it Z. Phys.} }
			\newcommand{\GRG}{{\it Gen. Rel. Grav.} }
			\newcommand{\PF}{{\it Phys. Fluids\/} }
			\newcommand{\SPJ}{{\it Sov. Phys.--JETP\/} }
			%
			% More journals added 8 Mar 2011, below (sxb)
			%
			\newcommand{\jpa}{{\it J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.} }
			\newcommand{\BF}{{\it Biofabrication\/} }
			\newcommand{\BB}{{\it Bioinspir. Biomim.} }
			\newcommand{\BMM}{{\it Biomed. Mater.} }
			\newcommand{\CSD}{{\it Comput. Sci. Disc.} }
			\newcommand{\ERL}{{\it Environ. Res. Lett.} }
			\newcommand{\JBR}{{\it J. Breath Res.} }
			\newcommand{\JGE}{{\it J. Geophys. Eng.} }
			\newcommand{\JOPT}{{\it J. Opt.} }
			\newcommand{\JRP}{{\it J. Radiol. Prot.} }
			\newcommand{\MET}{{\it Metrologia\/} }
			\newcommand{\NF}{{\it Nucl. Fusion\/} }
			\newcommand{\PED}{{\it Phys. Educ.} }
			%
			% More journals added 6 Feb 2014, below (sxb)
			%
			\newcommand{\TDM}{{\it 2D Mater.} }
			\newcommand{\MRE}{{\it Mater. Res. Express\/} }
			\newcommand{\MAF}{{\it Methods Appl. Fluoresc.} }
			\newcommand{\TMR}{{\it Transl. Mater. Res.} }
			\newcommand{\STMP}{{\it Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop.} }
			%
			% The following journals are externally-edited and the usual IOP Publishing
			% submission guidelines do not apply if you're submitting to them.
			%
			\newcommand{\AJ}{{\it AJ\/} }
			\newcommand{\APJ}{{\it ApJ\/} }
			\newcommand{\APJL}{{\it ApJL\/} }
			\newcommand{\APJS}{{\it ApJS\/} }
			\newcommand{\ANSN}{{\it Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol.} }
			\newcommand{\CJCP}{{\it Chin. J. Chem. Phys.} }
			\newcommand{\CPB}{{\it Chinese Phys. B\/} }
			\newcommand{\CPC}{{\it Chinese Phys. C\/} }
			\newcommand{\CPL}{{\it Chinese Phys. Lett.} }
			\newcommand{\CTP}{{\it Commun. Theor. Phys.} }
			\newcommand{\EPL}{{\it EPL\/} }
			\newcommand{\FDR}{{\it Fluid Dyn. Res.} }
			\newcommand{\IZV}{{\it Izv. Math.} }
			\newcommand{\JOS}{{\it J. Semicond.} }
			\newcommand{\PHU}{{\it Phys.-Usp.} }
			\newcommand{\PST}{{\it Plasma Sci. Technol.} }
			\newcommand{\QEL}{{\it Quantum Electron.} }
			\newcommand{\RAA}{{\it Res. Astron. Astrophys.} }
			\newcommand{\RCR}{{\it Russ. Chem. Rev.} }
			\newcommand{\RMS}{{\it Russ. Math. Surv.} }
			\newcommand{\MSB}{{\it Sb. Math.} }
			\newcommand{\SFC}{{\it Science Foundation in China\/} }
			\newcommand{\STAM}{{\it Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater.} }
			\newcommand{\LP}{{\it Laser Phys.} }
			\newcommand{\LPL}{{\it Laser Phys. Lett.} }
			\newcommand{\APEX}{{\it Appl. Phys. Express\/} }
			%
			% SISSA journals
			%
			\newcommand{\JCAP}{{\it JCAP\/} }
			\newcommand{\JHEP}{{\it J. High Energy Phys.\/} }
			\newcommand{\JSTAT}{{\it J. Stat. Mech.} }
			\newcommand{\JINST}{{\it JINST\/} }
			%
			% These are the IOP Conference Series journals: again, if you're
			% submitting to one of these journals you shouldn't be using iopart.cls
			%
			\newcommand{\JPCS}{{\it J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.} }
			\newcommand{\EES}{{\it IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.} }
			\newcommand{\MSE}{{\it IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.} }

			% 2012 new option for twocolumn output
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			\setlength\columnsep{0.2in}\setlength\textheight{9.25in}\mathindent=0in\twocolumn}
			%
			%
			\pagestyle{headings}
			\pagenumbering{arabic} % Arabic page numbers
			\raggedbottom
			\onecolumn
			\endinput
			%%
			%% End of file `iopart.cls'.

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mlkrr/iopart.cls
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