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cell_base.hh
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/**
* @file cell_base.hh
*
* @author Till Junge <till.junge@epfl.ch>
*
* @date 01 Nov 2017
*
* @brief Base class representing a unit cell cell with single
* projection operator
*
* Copyright © 2017 Till Junge
*
* µSpectre is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
* published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3, or (at
* your option) any later version.
*
* µSpectre is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
* WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
* Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
* Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
*/
#ifndef CELL_BASE_H
#define CELL_BASE_H
#include "common/common.hh"
#include "common/ccoord_operations.hh"
#include "common/field.hh"
#include "common/utilities.hh"
#include "materials/material_base.hh"
#include "fft/projection_base.hh"
#include "cell/cell_traits.hh"
#include <vector>
#include <memory>
#include <tuple>
#include <functional>
namespace muSpectre {
template <class Cell>
class CellAdaptor;
//! DimS spatial dimension (dimension of problem
//! DimM material_dimension (dimension of constitutive law)
template <Dim_t DimS, Dim_t DimM=DimS>
class CellBase
{
public:
using Ccoord = Ccoord_t<DimS>; //!< cell coordinates type
using Rcoord = Rcoord_t<DimS>; //!< physical coordinates type
//! global field collection
using FieldCollection_t = GlobalFieldCollection<DimS>;
//! the collection is handled in a `std::unique_ptr`
using Collection_ptr = std::unique_ptr<FieldCollection_t>;
//! polymorphic base material type
using Material_t = MaterialBase<DimS, DimM>;
//! materials handled through `std::unique_ptr`s
using Material_ptr = std::unique_ptr<Material_t>;
//! polymorphic base projection type
using Projection_t = ProjectionBase<DimS, DimM>;
//! projections handled through `std::unique_ptr`s
using Projection_ptr = std::unique_ptr<Projection_t>;
//! expected type for strain fields
using StrainField_t =
TensorField<FieldCollection_t, Real, secondOrder, DimM>;
//! expected type for stress fields
using StressField_t =
TensorField<FieldCollection_t, Real, secondOrder, DimM>;
//! expected type for tangent stiffness fields
using TangentField_t =
TensorField<FieldCollection_t, Real, fourthOrder, DimM>;
//! combined stress and tangent field
using FullResponse_t =
std::tuple<const StressField_t&, const TangentField_t&>;
//! iterator type over all cell pixel's
using iterator = typename CcoordOps::Pixels<DimS>::iterator;
//! input vector for solvers
using SolvVectorIn = Eigen::Ref<const Eigen::VectorXd>;
//! output vector for solvers
using SolvVectorOut = Eigen::Map<Eigen::VectorXd>;
//! sparse matrix emulation
using Adaptor = CellAdaptor<CellBase>;
//! Default constructor
CellBase() = delete;
//! constructor using sizes and resolution
CellBase(Projection_ptr projection);
//! Copy constructor
CellBase(const CellBase &other) = delete;
//! Move constructor
CellBase(CellBase &&other) = default;
//! Destructor
virtual ~CellBase() = default;
//! Copy assignment operator
CellBase& operator=(const CellBase &other) = delete;
//! Move assignment operator
CellBase& operator=(CellBase &&other) = default;
/**
* Materials can only be moved. This is to assure exclusive
* ownership of any material by this cell
*/
Material_t & add_material(Material_ptr mat);
/**
* evaluates all materials
*/
FullResponse_t evaluate_stress_tangent(StrainField_t & F);
/**
* evaluate directional stiffness (i.e. G:K:δF or G:K:δε)
*/
StressField_t & directional_stiffness(const TangentField_t & K,
const StrainField_t & delF,
StressField_t & delP);
/**
* vectorized version for eigen solvers, no copy, but only works
* when fields have ArrayStore=false
*/
SolvVectorOut directional_stiffness_vec(const SolvVectorIn & delF);
/**
* Evaluate directional stiffness into a temporary array and
* return a copy. This is a costly and wasteful interface to
* directional_stiffness and should only be used for debugging or
* in the python interface
*/
Eigen::ArrayXXd directional_stiffness_with_copy
(Eigen::Ref<Eigen::ArrayXXd> delF);
/**
* Convenience function circumventing the neeed to use the
* underlying projection
*/
StressField_t & project(StressField_t & field);
//! returns a ref to the cell's strain field
StrainField_t & get_strain();
//! returns a ref to the cell's stress field
const StressField_t & get_stress() const;
//! returns a ref to the cell's tangent stiffness field
const TangentField_t & get_tangent(bool create = false);
//! returns a ref to a temporary field managed by the cell
StrainField_t & get_managed_field(std::string unique_name);
/**
* general initialisation; initialises the projection and
* fft_engine (i.e. infrastructure) but not the materials. These
* need to be initialised separately
*/
void initialise(FFT_PlanFlags flags = FFT_PlanFlags::estimate);
/**
* initialise materials (including resetting any history variables)
*/
void initialise_materials(bool stiffness=false);
/**
* for materials with state variables, these typically need to be
* saved/updated an the end of each load increment, this function
* calls this update for each material in the cell
*/
void save_history_variables();
iterator begin(); //!< iterator to the first pixel
iterator end(); //!< iterator past the last pixel
//! number of pixels in the cell
size_t size() const {return pixels.size();}
//! return the resolutions of the cell
const Ccoord & get_resolutions() const {return this->resolutions;}
//! return the sizes of the cell
const Rcoord & get_lengths() const {return this->lengths;}
/**
* formulation is hard set by the choice of the projection class
*/
const Formulation & get_formulation() const {
return this->projection->get_formulation();}
//! for handling double initialisations right
bool is_initialised() const {return this->initialised;}
/**
* get a reference to the projection object. should only be
* required for debugging
*/
Eigen::Map<Eigen::ArrayXXd> get_projection() {
return this->projection->get_operator();}
//! returns the spatial size
constexpr static Dim_t get_sdim() {return DimS;};
//! return a sparse matrix adaptor to the cell
Adaptor get_adaptor();
//! returns the number of degrees of freedom in the cell
Dim_t nb_dof() const {return this->size()*ipow(DimS, 2);};
protected:
//! make sure that every pixel is assigned to one and only one material
void check_material_coverage();
const Ccoord & resolutions; //!< the cell's resolutions
CcoordOps::Pixels<DimS> pixels; //!< helper to iterate over the pixels
const Rcoord & lengths; //!< the cell's lengths
Collection_ptr fields; //!< handle for the global fields of the cell
StrainField_t & F; //!< ref to strain field
StressField_t & P; //!< ref to stress field
//! Tangent field might not even be required; so this is an
//! optional ref_wrapper instead of a ref
optional<std::reference_wrapper<TangentField_t>> K{};
//! container of the materials present in the cell
std::vector<Material_ptr> materials{};
Projection_ptr projection; //!< handle for the projection operator
bool initialised{false}; //!< to handle double initialisation right
const Formulation form; //!< formulation for solution
private:
};
/**
* lightweight resource handle wrapping a `muSpectre::CellBase` or
* a subclass thereof into `Eigen::EigenBase`, so it can be
* interpreted as a sparse matrix by Eigen solvers
*/
template <class Cell>
class CellAdaptor: public Eigen::EigenBase<CellAdaptor<Cell>> {
public:
using Scalar = double; //!< sparse matrix traits
using RealScalar = double; //!< sparse matrix traits
using StorageIndex = int; //!< sparse matrix traits
enum {
ColsAtCompileTime = Eigen::Dynamic,
MaxColsAtCompileTime = Eigen::Dynamic,
RowsAtCompileTime = Eigen::Dynamic,
MaxRowsAtCompileTime = Eigen::Dynamic,
IsRowMajor = false
};
//! constructor
CellAdaptor(Cell & cell):cell{cell}{}
//!returns the number of logical rows
Eigen::Index rows() const {return this->cell.nb_dof();}
//!returns the number of logical columns
Eigen::Index cols() const {return this->rows();}
//! implementation of the evaluation
template<typename Rhs>
Eigen::Product<CellAdaptor,Rhs,Eigen::AliasFreeProduct>
operator*(const Eigen::MatrixBase<Rhs>& x) const {
return Eigen::Product<CellAdaptor,Rhs,Eigen::AliasFreeProduct>
(*this, x.derived());
}
Cell & cell; //!< ref to the cell
};
} // muSpectre
namespace Eigen {
namespace internal {
//! Implementation of `muSpectre::CellAdaptor` * `Eigen::DenseVector` through a
//! specialization of `Eigen::internal::generic_product_impl`:
template<typename Rhs, class CellAdaptor>
struct generic_product_impl<CellAdaptor, Rhs, SparseShape, DenseShape, GemvProduct> // GEMV stands for matrix-vector
: generic_product_impl_base<CellAdaptor,Rhs,generic_product_impl<CellAdaptor,Rhs> >
{
//! undocumented
typedef typename Product<CellAdaptor,Rhs>::Scalar Scalar;
//! undocumented
template<typename Dest>
static void scaleAndAddTo(Dest& dst, const CellAdaptor& lhs, const Rhs& rhs, const Scalar& /*alpha*/)
{
// This method should implement "dst += alpha * lhs * rhs" inplace,
// however, for iterative solvers, alpha is always equal to 1, so let's not bother about it.
// Here we could simply call dst.noalias() += lhs.my_matrix() * rhs,
dst.noalias() += const_cast<CellAdaptor&>(lhs).cell.directional_stiffness_vec(rhs);
}
};
}
}
#endif /* CELL_BASE_H */

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