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			<h1><a href="../misc/npm-scripts.html">npm-scripts</a></h1> <p>How npm handles the "scripts" field</p>
			<h2 id="description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
			<p>npm supports the "scripts" property of the package.json script, for the
			following scripts:</p>
			<ul>
			<li>prepublish:
			Run BEFORE the package is published. (Also run on local <code>npm
			install</code> without any arguments.)</li>
			<li>publish, postpublish:
			Run AFTER the package is published.</li>
			<li>preinstall:
			Run BEFORE the package is installed</li>
			<li>install, postinstall:
			Run AFTER the package is installed.</li>
			<li>preuninstall, uninstall:
			Run BEFORE the package is uninstalled.</li>
			<li>postuninstall:
			Run AFTER the package is uninstalled.</li>
			<li>preversion, version:
			Run BEFORE bump the package version.</li>
			<li>postversion:
			Run AFTER bump the package version.</li>
			<li>pretest, test, posttest:
			Run by the <code>npm test</code> command.</li>
			<li>prestop, stop, poststop:
			Run by the <code>npm stop</code> command.</li>
			<li>prestart, start, poststart:
			Run by the <code>npm start</code> command.</li>
			<li>prerestart, restart, postrestart:
			Run by the <code>npm restart</code> command. Note: <code>npm restart</code> will run the
			stop and start scripts if no <code>restart</code> script is provided.</li>
			</ul>
			<p>Additionally, arbitrary scripts can be executed by running <code>npm
			run-script <stage></code>. <em>Pre</em> and <em>post</em> commands with matching
			names will be run for those as well (e.g. <code>premyscript</code>, <code>myscript</code>,
			<code>postmyscript</code>).</p>
			<h2 id="common-uses">COMMON USES</h2>
			<p>If you need to perform operations on your package before it is used, in a way
			that is not dependent on the operating system or architecture of the
			target system, use a <code>prepublish</code> script. This includes
			tasks such as:</p>
			<ul>
			<li>Compiling CoffeeScript source code into JavaScript.</li>
			<li>Creating minified versions of JavaScript source code.</li>
			<li>Fetching remote resources that your package will use.</li>
			</ul>
			<p>The advantage of doing these things at <code>prepublish</code> time is that they can be done once, in a
			single place, thus reducing complexity and variability.
			Additionally, this means that:</p>
			<ul>
			<li>You can depend on <code>coffee-script</code> as a <code>devDependency</code>, and thus
			your users don't need to have it installed.</li>
			<li>You don't need to include minifiers in your package, reducing
			the size for your users.</li>
			<li>You don't need to rely on your users having <code>curl</code> or <code>wget</code> or
			other system tools on the target machines.</li>
			</ul>
			<h2 id="default-values">DEFAULT VALUES</h2>
			<p>npm will default some script values based on package contents.</p>
			<ul>
			<li><p><code>"start": "node server.js"</code>:</p>
			<p>If there is a <code>server.js</code> file in the root of your package, then npm
			will default the <code>start</code> command to <code>node server.js</code>.</p>
			</li>
			<li><p><code>"install": "node-gyp rebuild"</code>:</p>
			<p>If there is a <code>binding.gyp</code> file in the root of your package and you
			haven't defined your own <code>install</code> or <code>preinstall</code> scripts, npm will
			default the <code>install</code> command to compile using node-gyp.</p>
			</li>
			</ul>
			<h2 id="user">USER</h2>
			<p>If npm was invoked with root privileges, then it will change the uid
			to the user account or uid specified by the <code>user</code> config, which
			defaults to <code>nobody</code>. Set the <code>unsafe-perm</code> flag to run scripts with
			root privileges.</p>
			<h2 id="environment">ENVIRONMENT</h2>
			<p>Package scripts run in an environment where many pieces of information
			are made available regarding the setup of npm and the current state of
			the process.</p>
			<h3 id="path">path</h3>
			<p>If you depend on modules that define executable scripts, like test
			suites, then those executables will be added to the <code>PATH</code> for
			executing the scripts. So, if your package.json has this:</p>
			<pre><code>{ "name" : "foo"
			, "dependencies" : { "bar" : "0.1.x" }
			, "scripts": { "start" : "bar ./test" } }
			</code></pre><p>then you could run <code>npm start</code> to execute the <code>bar</code> script, which is
			exported into the <code>node_modules/.bin</code> directory on <code>npm install</code>.</p>
			<h3 id="package-json-vars">package.json vars</h3>
			<p>The package.json fields are tacked onto the <code>npm_package_</code> prefix. So,
			for instance, if you had <code>{"name":"foo", "version":"1.2.5"}</code> in your
			package.json file, then your package scripts would have the
			<code>npm_package_name</code> environment variable set to "foo", and the
			<code>npm_package_version</code> set to "1.2.5"</p>
			<h3 id="configuration">configuration</h3>
			<p>Configuration parameters are put in the environment with the
			<code>npm_config_</code> prefix. For instance, you can view the effective <code>root</code>
			config by checking the <code>npm_config_root</code> environment variable.</p>
			<h3 id="special-package-json-config-object">Special: package.json "config" object</h3>
			<p>The package.json "config" keys are overwritten in the environment if
			there is a config param of <code><name>[@<version>]:<key></code>. For example,
			if the package.json has this:</p>
			<pre><code>{ "name" : "foo"
			, "config" : { "port" : "8080" }
			, "scripts" : { "start" : "node server.js" } }
			</code></pre><p>and the server.js is this:</p>
			<pre><code>http.createServer(...).listen(process.env.npm_package_config_port)
			</code></pre><p>then the user could change the behavior by doing:</p>
			<pre><code>npm config set foo:port 80
			</code></pre><h3 id="current-lifecycle-event">current lifecycle event</h3>
			<p>Lastly, the <code>npm_lifecycle_event</code> environment variable is set to
			whichever stage of the cycle is being executed. So, you could have a
			single script used for different parts of the process which switches
			based on what's currently happening.</p>
			<p>Objects are flattened following this format, so if you had
			<code>{"scripts":{"install":"foo.js"}}</code> in your package.json, then you'd
			see this in the script:</p>
			<pre><code>process.env.npm_package_scripts_install === "foo.js"
			</code></pre><h2 id="examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
			<p>For example, if your package.json contains this:</p>
			<pre><code>{ "scripts" :
			{ "install" : "scripts/install.js"
			, "postinstall" : "scripts/install.js"
			, "uninstall" : "scripts/uninstall.js"
			}
			}
			</code></pre><p>then <code>scripts/install.js</code> will be called for the install
			and post-install stages of the lifecycle, and <code>scripts/uninstall.js</code>
			will be called when the package is uninstalled. Since
			<code>scripts/install.js</code> is running for two different phases, it would
			be wise in this case to look at the <code>npm_lifecycle_event</code> environment
			variable.</p>
			<p>If you want to run a make command, you can do so. This works just
			fine:</p>
			<pre><code>{ "scripts" :
			{ "preinstall" : "./configure"
			, "install" : "make && make install"
			, "test" : "make test"
			}
			}
			</code></pre><h2 id="exiting">EXITING</h2>
			<p>Scripts are run by passing the line as a script argument to <code>sh</code>.</p>
			<p>If the script exits with a code other than 0, then this will abort the
			process.</p>
			<p>Note that these script files don't have to be nodejs or even
			javascript programs. They just have to be some kind of executable
			file.</p>
			<h2 id="hook-scripts">HOOK SCRIPTS</h2>
			<p>If you want to run a specific script at a specific lifecycle event for
			ALL packages, then you can use a hook script.</p>
			<p>Place an executable file at <code>node_modules/.hooks/{eventname}</code>, and
			it'll get run for all packages when they are going through that point
			in the package lifecycle for any packages installed in that root.</p>
			<p>Hook scripts are run exactly the same way as package.json scripts.
			That is, they are in a separate child process, with the env described
			above.</p>
			<h2 id="best-practices">BEST PRACTICES</h2>
			<ul>
			<li>Don't exit with a non-zero error code unless you <em>really</em> mean it.
			Except for uninstall scripts, this will cause the npm action to
			fail, and potentially be rolled back. If the failure is minor or
			only will prevent some optional features, then it's better to just
			print a warning and exit successfully.</li>
			<li>Try not to use scripts to do what npm can do for you. Read through
			<code><a href="../files/package.json.html">package.json(5)</a></code> to see all the things that you can specify and enable
			by simply describing your package appropriately. In general, this
			will lead to a more robust and consistent state.</li>
			<li>Inspect the env to determine where to put things. For instance, if
			the <code>npm_config_binroot</code> environment variable is set to <code>/home/user/bin</code>, then
			don't try to install executables into <code>/usr/local/bin</code>. The user
			probably set it up that way for a reason.</li>
			<li>Don't prefix your script commands with "sudo". If root permissions
			are required for some reason, then it'll fail with that error, and
			the user will sudo the npm command in question.</li>
			<li>Don't use <code>install</code>. Use a <code>.gyp</code> file for compilation, and <code>prepublish</code>
			for anything else. You should almost never have to explicitly set a
			preinstall or install script. If you are doing this, please consider if
			there is another option. The only valid use of <code>install</code> or <code>preinstall</code>
			scripts is for compilation which must be done on the target architecture.</li>
			</ul>
			<h2 id="see-also">SEE ALSO</h2>
			<ul>
			<li><a href="../cli/npm-run-script.html">npm-run-script(1)</a></li>
			<li><a href="../files/package.json.html">package.json(5)</a></li>
			<li><a href="../misc/npm-developers.html">npm-developers(7)</a></li>
			<li><a href="../cli/npm-install.html">npm-install(1)</a></li>
			</ul>

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