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<h1>
<a name="_Toc252797232">Basics</a>
</h1>
<p>
SHRINE currently makes patient demographics, diagnoses, medications, and a sample of laboratory results data available to be searched. SHRINE Core
ontology is a collection of terms that describe these data and can be used to construct queries. The terms are arranged into a hierarchy for easy
navigation; the ontology can be searched for a particular terms as well.
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<p>
A standard terminology was selected where possible to represent each type of data accessible through use of the system. A terminology was modified as
necessary to fit the requirements of SHRINE.
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<h2>
<a name="_Toc252797232">Terminology</a>
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<p>
The following standard terminology provides the baseline for the Core ontology:
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<ul><li>
Demographics – Patient demographic data available at each participating SHRINE hospital include:
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<li>
Age
</li>
<li>
Gender – Health Level Seven International (HL7) <a href="http://www.hl7.org/v3ballot/html/infrastructure/vocabulary/AdministrativeGender.htm" title="HL7 Administrative Gender" target="_blank">Administrative Gender</a>
</li>
<li>
Language – International Organization for Standardization (ISO) <a href="http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=22109" title="ISO 639-1" target="_blank">ISO 639-1</a>
Race and Ethnicity – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/nedss/DataModels/index.html" title="CDC Race and Ethnicity" target="_blank">Race and Ethnicity Code Sets</a>
</li></ul></li>
<li>
Diagnoses – Diagnoses are identified by National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/otheract/icd9/abticd9.htm" title="ICD-9-CM" target="_blank">ICD-9-CM</a> standards and Clinical Classification
Medications – Medications are identified by the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) <a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm/" title="RxNorm" target="_blank">RxNorm</a> (Ingredient) and the Veterans Administration
(VA) National Drug File Reference Terminology (<a href="http://bioportal.nci.nih.gov/ncbo/faces/pages/ontology_details.xhtml?ontology_display_name=National%20Drug%20File%20-%20Reference%20Terminology" title="NDR-RT" target="_blank">NDF-RT</a>) hierarchy.
</li>
<li>
Lab Tests – Data on lab tests is derived from the Clinical Data Repository (CDR). Data are identified by Logical Observation Identifiers
Names and Codes (<a href="http://loinc.org/" title="LOINC" target="_blank">LOINC</a>) and Partners HealthCare System.
</li></ul>
<p>
The Core ontology was constructed following recommendations of relevant government and private sector bodies using a pragmatic approach. It is a static snapshot of underlying standards. As they change (for example, there are regular updates of ICD-9-CM and RxNorm), we
expect that the Core ontology will follow after a reasonable delay to accommodate the effort of introducing the changes, resolving issues and completing quality
assurance processes.
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