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	## What's Mongoose?

	Mongoose is a [MongoDB](http://www.mongodb.org/) object modeling tool designed to work in an asynchronous environment.

	## Documentation

	[mongoosejs.com](http://mongoosejs.com/)

	## Try it live
	<a href="https://runnable.com/#learnboost/mongoose/code.js/launch" target="_blank"><img src="https://runnable.com/external/styles/assets/runnablebtn.png" style="width:67px;height:25px;"></a>

	## Support

	- [Stack Overflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/mongoose)
	- [bug reports](https://github.com/learnboost/mongoose/issues/)
	- [help forum](http://groups.google.com/group/mongoose-orm)
	- [MongoDB support](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Technical+Support)
	- (irc) #mongoosejs on freenode

	## Installation

	First install [node.js](http://nodejs.org/) and [mongodb](http://www.mongodb.org/downloads).

	$ npm install mongoose

	## Plugins

	Check out the [plugins search site](http://plugins.mongoosejs.com/) to see hundreds of related modules from the community.

	## Contributors

	View all 90+ [contributors](https://github.com/learnboost/mongoose/graphs/contributors).

	## Get Involved

	Stand up and be counted as a [contributor](https://github.com/LearnBoost/mongoose/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md) too!

	## Overview

	### Connecting to MongoDB

	First, we need to define a connection. If your app uses only one database, you should use `mongose.connect`. If you need to create additional connections, use `mongoose.createConnection`.

	Both `connect` and `createConnection` take a `mongodb://` URI, or the parameters `host, database, port, options`.

	var mongoose = require('mongoose');

	mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/my_database');

	Once connected, the `open` event is fired on the `Connection` instance. If you're using `mongoose.connect`, the `Connection` is `mongoose.connection`. Otherwise, `mongoose.createConnection` return value is a `Connection`.

	Important! Mongoose buffers all the commands until it's connected to the database. This means that you don't have to wait until it connects to MongoDB in order to define models, run queries, etc.

	### Defining a Model

	Models are defined through the `Schema` interface.

	var Schema = mongoose.Schema
	, ObjectId = Schema.ObjectId;

	var BlogPost = new Schema({
	author : ObjectId
	, title : String
	, body : String
	, date : Date
	});

	Aside from defining the structure of your documents and the types of data you're storing, a Schema handles the definition of:

	* [Validators](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/validation.html) (async and sync)
	* [Defaults](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#schematype_SchemaType-default)
	* [Getters](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#schematype_SchemaType-get)
	* [Setters](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#schematype_SchemaType-set)
	* [Indexes](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#indexes)
	* [Middleware](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/middleware.html)
	* [Methods](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#methods) definition
	* [Statics](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#statics) definition
	* [Plugins](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/plugins.html)
	* [pseudo-JOINs](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/populate.html)

	The following example shows some of these features:

	var Comment = new Schema({
	name : { type: String, default: 'hahaha' }
	, age : { type: Number, min: 18, index: true }
	, bio : { type: String, match: /[a-z]/ }
	, date : { type: Date, default: Date.now }
	, buff : Buffer
	});

	// a setter
	Comment.path('name').set(function (v) {
	return capitalize(v);
	});

	// middleware
	Comment.pre('save', function (next) {
	notify(this.get('email'));
	next();
	});

	Take a look at the example in `examples/schema.js` for an end-to-end example of a typical setup.

	### Accessing a Model

	Once we define a model through `mongoose.model('ModelName', mySchema)`, we can access it through the same function

	var myModel = mongoose.model('ModelName');

	Or just do it all at once

	var MyModel = mongoose.model('ModelName', mySchema);

	We can then instantiate it, and save it:

	var instance = new MyModel();
	instance.my.key = 'hello';
	instance.save(function (err) {
	//
	});

	Or we can find documents from the same collection

	MyModel.find({}, function (err, docs) {
	// docs.forEach
	});

	You can also `findOne`, `findById`, `update`, etc. For more details check out [the docs](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/queries.html).

	Important! If you opened a separate connection using `mongoose.createConnection()` but attempt to access the model through `mongoose.model('ModelName')` it will not work as expected since it is not hooked up to an active db connection. In this case access your model through the connection you created:

	var conn = mongoose.createConnection('your connection string');
	var MyModel = conn.model('ModelName', schema);
	var m = new MyModel;
	m.save() // works

	vs

	var conn = mongoose.createConnection('your connection string');
	var MyModel = mongoose.model('ModelName', schema);
	var m = new MyModel;
	m.save() // does not work b/c the default connection object was never connected

	### Embedded Documents

	In the first example snippet, we defined a key in the Schema that looks like:

	comments: [Comments]

	Where `Comments` is a `Schema` we created. This means that creating embedded documents is as simple as:

	// retrieve my model
	var BlogPost = mongoose.model('BlogPost');

	// create a blog post
	var post = new BlogPost();

	// create a comment
	post.comments.push({ title: 'My comment' });

	post.save(function (err) {
	if (!err) console.log('Success!');
	});

	The same goes for removing them:

	BlogPost.findById(myId, function (err, post) {
	if (!err) {
	post.comments[0].remove();
	post.save(function (err) {
	// do something
	});
	}
	});

	Embedded documents enjoy all the same features as your models. Defaults, validators, middleware. Whenever an error occurs, it's bubbled to the `save()` error callback, so error handling is a snap!

	Mongoose interacts with your embedded documents in arrays _atomically_, out of the box.

	### Middleware

	See the [docs](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/middleware.html) page.

	#### Intercepting and mutating method arguments

	You can intercept method arguments via middleware.

	For example, this would allow you to broadcast changes about your Documents every time someone `set`s a path in your Document to a new value:

	schema.pre('set', function (next, path, val, typel) {
	// `this` is the current Document
	this.emit('set', path, val);

	// Pass control to the next pre
	next();
	});

	Moreover, you can mutate the incoming `method` arguments so that subsequent middleware see different values for those arguments. To do so, just pass the new values to `next`:

	.pre(method, function firstPre (next, methodArg1, methodArg2) {
	// Mutate methodArg1
	next("altered-" + methodArg1.toString(), methodArg2);
	})

	// pre declaration is chainable
	.pre(method, function secondPre (next, methodArg1, methodArg2) {
	console.log(methodArg1);
	// => 'altered-originalValOfMethodArg1'

	console.log(methodArg2);
	// => 'originalValOfMethodArg2'

	// Passing no arguments to `next` automatically passes along the current argument values
	// i.e., the following `next()` is equivalent to `next(methodArg1, methodArg2)`
	// and also equivalent to, with the example method arg
	// values, `next('altered-originalValOfMethodArg1', 'originalValOfMethodArg2')`
	next();
	})

	#### Schema gotcha

	`type`, when used in a schema has special meaning within Mongoose. If your schema requires using `type` as a nested property you must use object notation:

	new Schema({
	broken: { type: Boolean }
	, asset : {
	name: String
	, type: String // uh oh, it broke. asset will be interpreted as String
	}
	});

	new Schema({
	works: { type: Boolean }
	, asset : {
	name: String
	, type: { type: String } // works. asset is an object with a type property
	}
	});

	### Driver access

	The driver being used defaults to [node-mongodb-native](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native) and is directly accessible through `YourModel.collection`. Note: using the driver directly bypasses all Mongoose power-tools like validation, getters, setters, hooks, etc.

	## API Docs

	Find the API docs [here](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html), generated by [dox](http://github.com/visionmedia/dox).

	## License

	Copyright (c) 2010 LearnBoost <dev@learnboost.com>

	Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
	a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
	'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
	without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
	distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
	permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
	the following conditions:

	The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
	included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

	THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
	EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
	MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
	IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
	CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
	TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
	SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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