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<div class="section" id="pair-style-meam-spline">
<h1>pair_style meam/spline</h1>
</div>
<div class="section" id="pair-style-meam-spline-omp">
<h1>pair_style meam/spline/omp</h1>
<div class="section" id="syntax">
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pair_style</span> <span class="n">meam</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">spline</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="examples">
<h2>Examples</h2>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pair_style</span> <span class="n">meam</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">spline</span>
<span class="n">pair_coeff</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">Ti</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">meam</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">spline</span> <span class="n">Ti</span>
<span class="n">pair_coeff</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">Ti</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">meam</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">spline</span> <span class="n">Ti</span> <span class="n">Ti</span> <span class="n">Ti</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="description">
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>The <em>meam/spline</em> style computes pairwise interactions for metals
using a variant of modified embedded-atom method (MEAM) potentials
<a class="reference internal" href="pair_meam_sw_spline.html#lenosky"><span class="std std-ref">(Lenosky)</span></a>. The total energy E is given by</p>
<img alt="_images/pair_meam_spline.jpg" class="align-center" src="_images/pair_meam_spline.jpg" />
<p>where rho_i is the density at atom I, theta_jik is the angle between
atoms J, I, and K centered on atom I. The five functions Phi, U, rho,
f, and g are represented by cubic splines.</p>
<p>The cutoffs and the coefficients for these spline functions are listed
in a parameter file which is specified by the
<a class="reference internal" href="pair_coeff.html"><span class="doc">pair_coeff</span></a> command. Parameter files for different
elements are included in the &#8220;potentials&#8221; directory of the LAMMPS
distribution and have a &#8221;.meam.spline&#8221; file suffix. All of these
files are parameterized in terms of LAMMPS <a class="reference internal" href="units.html"><span class="doc">metal units</span></a>.</p>
<p>Note that unlike for other potentials, cutoffs for spline-based MEAM
potentials are not set in the pair_style or pair_coeff command; they
are specified in the potential files themselves.</p>
<p>Unlike the EAM pair style, which retrieves the atomic mass from the
potential file, the spline-based MEAM potentials do not include mass
information; thus you need to use the <a class="reference internal" href="mass.html"><span class="doc">mass</span></a> command to
specify it.</p>
<p>Only a single pair_coeff command is used with the <em>meam/spline</em> style
which specifies a potential file with parameters for all needed
elements. These are mapped to LAMMPS atom types by specifying N
additional arguments after the filename in the pair_coeff command,
where N is the number of LAMMPS atom types:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>filename</li>
<li>N element names = mapping of spline-based MEAM elements to atom types</li>
</ul>
<p>See the <a class="reference internal" href="pair_coeff.html"><span class="doc">pair_coeff</span></a> doc page for alternate ways
to specify the path for the potential file.</p>
<p>As an example, imagine the Ti.meam.spline file has values for Ti. If
your LAMMPS simulation has 3 atoms types and they are all to be
treated with this potentials, you would use the following pair_coeff
command:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pair_coeff</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">Ti</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">meam</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">spline</span> <span class="n">Ti</span> <span class="n">Ti</span> <span class="n">Ti</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The 1st 2 arguments must be * * so as to span all LAMMPS atom types.
The three Ti arguments map LAMMPS atom types 1,2,3 to the Ti element
in the potential file. If a mapping value is specified as NULL, the
mapping is not performed. This can be used when a <em>meam/spline</em>
potential is used as part of the <em>hybrid</em> pair style. The NULL values
are placeholders for atom types that will be used with other
potentials.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The <em>meam/spline</em> style currently supports only single-element
MEAM potentials. It may be extended for alloy systems in the future.</p>
</div>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>Styles with a <em>cuda</em>, <em>gpu</em>, <em>intel</em>, <em>kk</em>, <em>omp</em>, or <em>opt</em> suffix are
functionally the same as the corresponding style without the suffix.
They have been optimized to run faster, depending on your available
hardware, as discussed in <a class="reference internal" href="Section_accelerate.html"><span class="doc">Section_accelerate</span></a>
of the manual. The accelerated styles take the same arguments and
should produce the same results, except for round-off and precision
issues.</p>
<p>These accelerated styles are part of the USER-CUDA, GPU, USER-INTEL,
KOKKOS, USER-OMP and OPT packages, respectively. They are only
enabled if LAMMPS was built with those packages. See the <a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#start-3"><span class="std std-ref">Making LAMMPS</span></a> section for more info.</p>
<p>You can specify the accelerated styles explicitly in your input script
by including their suffix, or you can use the <a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#start-7"><span class="std std-ref">-suffix command-line switch</span></a> when you invoke LAMMPS, or you can
use the <a class="reference internal" href="suffix.html"><span class="doc">suffix</span></a> command in your input script.</p>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="Section_accelerate.html"><span class="doc">Section_accelerate</span></a> of the manual for
more instructions on how to use the accelerated styles effectively.</p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p><strong>Mixing, shift, table, tail correction, restart, rRESPA info</strong>:</p>
<p>The current version of this pair style does not support multiple
element types or mixing. It has been designed for pure elements only.</p>
<p>This pair style does not support the <a class="reference internal" href="pair_modify.html"><span class="doc">pair_modify</span></a>
shift, table, and tail options.</p>
<p>The <em>meam/spline</em> pair style does not write its information to <a class="reference internal" href="restart.html"><span class="doc">binary restart files</span></a>, since it is stored in an external
potential parameter file. Thus, you need to re-specify the pair_style
and pair_coeff commands in an input script that reads a restart file.</p>
<p>The <em>meam/spline</em> pair style can only be used via the <em>pair</em> keyword of the
<a class="reference internal" href="run_style.html"><span class="doc">run_style respa</span></a> command. They do not support the
<em>inner</em>, <em>middle</em>, <em>outer</em> keywords.</p>
</div>
<hr class="docutils" />
<div class="section" id="restrictions">
<h2>Restrictions</h2>
<p>This pair style requires the <a class="reference internal" href="newton.html"><span class="doc">newton</span></a> setting to be &#8220;on&#8221;
for pair interactions.</p>
<p>This pair style is only enabled if LAMMPS was built with the USER-MISC
package. See the <a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#start-3"><span class="std std-ref">Making LAMMPS</span></a> section
for more info.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="related-commands">
<h2>Related commands</h2>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coeff.html"><span class="doc">pair_coeff</span></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="pair_meam.html"><span class="doc">pair_style meam</span></a></p>
<p><strong>Default:</strong> none</p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p id="lenosky"><strong>(Lenosky)</strong> Lenosky, Sadigh, Alonso, Bulatov, de la Rubia, Kim, Voter,
Kress, Modelling Simulation Materials Science Enginerring, 8, 825
(2000).</p>
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