<p>The peridynamic pair styles implement material models that can be used
at the mescscopic and macroscopic scales. See <a class="reference external" href="PDF/PDLammps_overview.pdf">this document</a> for an overview of LAMMPS commands
for Peridynamics modeling.</p>
<p>Style <em>peri/pmb</em> implements the Peridynamic bond-based prototype
microelastic brittle (PMB) model.</p>
<p>Style <em>peri/lps</em> implements the Peridynamic state-based linear
peridynamic solid (LPS) model.</p>
<p>Style <em>peri/ves</em> implements the Peridynamic state-based linear
peridynamic viscoelastic solid (VES) model.</p>
<p>Style <em>peri/eps</em> implements the Peridynamic state-based elastic-plastic
solid (EPS) model.</p>
<p>The canonical papers on Peridynamics are <a class="reference internal" href="#silling2000"><span class="std std-ref">(Silling 2000)</span></a>
and <a class="reference internal" href="#silling2007"><span class="std std-ref">(Silling 2007)</span></a>. The implementation of Peridynamics
in LAMMPS is described in <a class="reference internal" href="#parks"><span class="std std-ref">(Parks)</span></a>. Also see the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.sandia.gov/~mlparks/papers/PDLAMMPS.pdf">PDLAMMPS user guide</a> for
more details about its implementation.</p>
<p>The peridynamic VES and EPS models in PDLAMMPS were implemented by
R. Rahman and J. T. Foster at University of Texas at San Antonio. The
original VES formulation is described in “(Mitchell2011)” and the
original EPS formulation is in “(Mitchell2011a)”. Additional PDF docs
that describe the VES and EPS implementations are include in the
LAMMPS distro in <a class="reference external" href="PDF/PDLammps_VES.pdf">doc/PDF/PDLammps_VES.pdf</a> and
<a class="reference external" href="PDF/PDLammps_EPS.pdf">doc/PDF/PDLammps_EPS.pdf</a>. For questions
regarding the VES and EPS models in LAMMPS you can contact R. Rahman
(rezwanur.rahman at utsa.edu).</p>
<p>The following coefficients must be defined for each pair of atom types
via the <a class="reference internal" href="pair_coeff.html"><span class="doc">pair_coeff</span></a> command as in the examples above,
<p>C is the effectively a spring constant for Peridynamic bonds, the
horizon is a cutoff distance for truncating interactions, and s00 and
alpha are used as a bond breaking criteria. The units of c are such
that c/distance = stiffness/volume^2, where stiffness is
energy/distance^2 and volume is distance^3. See the users guide for
more details.</p>
<p>For the <em>peri/lps</em> style:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>K (force/area units)</li>
<li>G (force/area units)</li>
<li>horizon (distance units)</li>
<li>s00 (unitless)</li>
<li>alpha (unitless)</li>
</ul>
<p>K is the bulk modulus and G is the shear modulus. The horizon is a
cutoff distance for truncating interactions, and s00 and alpha are
used as a bond breaking criteria. See the users guide for more
details.</p>
<p>For the <em>peri/ves</em> style:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>K (force/area units)</li>
<li>G (force/area units)</li>
<li>horizon (distance units)</li>
<li>s00 (unitless)</li>
<li>alpha (unitless)</li>
<li>m_lambdai (unitless)</li>
<li>m_taubi (unitless)</li>
</ul>
<p>K is the bulk modulus and G is the shear modulus. The horizon is a
cutoff distance for truncating interactions, and s00 and alpha are
used as a bond breaking criteria. m_lambdai and m_taubi are the
viscoelastic relaxation parameter and time constant,
respectively. m_lambdai varies within zero to one. For very small
values of m_lambdai the viscoelsatic model responds very similar to a
linear elastic model. For details please see the description in
“(Mtchell2011)”.</p>
<p>For the <em>peri/eps</em> style:</p>
<p>K (force/area units)
G (force/area units)
horizon (distance units)
s00 (unitless)
alpha (unitless)
m_yield_stress (force/area units)</p>
<p>K is the bulk modulus and G is the shear modulus. The horizon is a
cutoff distance and s00 and alpha are used as a bond breaking
criteria. m_yield_stress is the yield stress of the material. For
details please see the description in “(Mtchell2011a)”.</p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>Styles with a <em>gpu</em>, <em>intel</em>, <em>kk</em>, <em>omp</em>, or <em>opt</em> suffix are
functionally the same as the corresponding style without the suffix.
They have been optimized to run faster, depending on your available
hardware, as discussed in <a class="reference internal" href="Section_accelerate.html"><span class="doc">Section 5</span></a>
of the manual. The accelerated styles take the same arguments and
should produce the same results, except for round-off and precision
issues.</p>
<p>These accelerated styles are part of the GPU, USER-INTEL, KOKKOS,
USER-OMP and OPT packages, respectively. They are only enabled if
LAMMPS was built with those packages. See the <a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#start-3"><span class="std std-ref">Making LAMMPS</span></a> section for more info.</p>
<p>You can specify the accelerated styles explicitly in your input script
by including their suffix, or you can use the <a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#start-7"><span class="std std-ref">-suffix command-line switch</span></a> when you invoke LAMMPS, or you can
use the <a class="reference internal" href="suffix.html"><span class="doc">suffix</span></a> command in your input script.</p>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="Section_accelerate.html"><span class="doc">Section 5</span></a> of the manual for
more instructions on how to use the accelerated styles effectively.</p>
<p>These pair styles do not support mixing. Thus, coefficients for all
I,J pairs must be specified explicitly.</p>
<p>These pair styles do not support the <a class="reference internal" href="pair_modify.html"><span class="doc">pair_modify</span></a>
shift option.</p>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="pair_modify.html"><span class="doc">pair_modify</span></a> table and tail options are not
relevant for these pair styles.</p>
<p>These pair styles write their information to <a class="reference internal" href="restart.html"><span class="doc">binary restart files</span></a>, so pair_style and pair_coeff commands do not need
to be specified in an input script that reads a restart file.</p>
<p>These pair styles can only be used via the <em>pair</em> keyword of the
<a class="reference internal" href="run_style.html"><span class="doc">run_style respa</span></a> command. They do not support the
<p>All of these styles are part of the PERI package. They are only
enabled if LAMMPS was built with that package. See the <a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#start-3"><span class="std std-ref">Making LAMMPS</span></a> section for more info.</p>
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